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The Science of Alternative Daily Cover Welcome

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The Science of Alternative Daily Cover Welcome Blue Ridge Services Understanding ADC: The Science of Alternative Daily Cover Presented: July 31, 2012 1(c) 2012 Neal Bolton Welcome • Sarah is our organizer • We’ll do Q&A during the webinar …and at the end ©2012 Neal Bolton 2 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 1 Blue Ridge Services Presented by: Neal Bolton, P.E. Neal is a Civil Engineer with over 34 years experience in landfills and heavy construction, including several years as a heavy equipment operator. He has conducted hundreds of evaluations on the process of using Alternative Daily Cover at landfills across the U.S. and abroad. He has provided training on this topic for the EIA, SWANA, CalRecycle, KDHE, and several thousand public/private landfill operators and managers. Contact Neal at: [email protected] ©2012 Neal Bolton 3 Alternative Daily Cover Today • We’ll be §258.21 Cover material requirements. talking Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the owners or operators of all MSWLF units must about cover disposed solid waste with six inches of earthen Alternatives material at the end of each operating day, or at more frequent intervals if necessary, to control disease to Daily vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging. Cover Soil Alternative materials of an alternative thickness (other than at least six inches of earthen material) may be approved by the Director of an approved State if the owner or operator demonstrates that the • You alternative material and thickness control disease Know…ADC vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging without presenting a threat to human health and the environment. ©2012 Neal Bolton 4 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 2 Blue Ridge Services Who Needs Alternatives? • We do • …You do • Typically, daily cover represents 16” of soil …not 6” ©2012 Neal Bolton 5 Alternative Daily Cover Too Much Soil • And at worst, can represent a lot more ©2012 Neal Bolton 6 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 3 Blue Ridge Services Best Way to Cover? • So, what’s the best way to cover the trash? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ©2012 Neal Bolton 7 Alternative Daily Cover 7 The Answer is… • Don’t use any soil at all … www.blueridgeservices.com 4 Blue Ridge Services Less is Best • …but of course we must use some soil • However, the goal is to minimize soil use whenever …and wherever possible ©2012 Neal Bolton 9 Alternative Daily Cover Instead, Use ADC Photo by: Tarparmor Photo by: Enviro Cover Photo by: Posi-Shell ©2012 Neal Bolton 10 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 5 Blue Ridge Services With ADC, It Gets Better ©2012 Neal Bolton 11 Alternative Daily Cover ADC Criteria • Why is it 6” inches of soil? • It’s a prescriptive & performance standard • But it’s really more than 6” • How could ADC help your landfill? • Infiltration • Cost • Aesthetics • Birds • Fire • Vectors • Regulatory violations • Odors • Litter ©2012 Neal Bolton 12 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 6 Blue Ridge Services Avoid Cover …altogether? In states with approved permitting programs, the State Director is authorized to allow alternative cover materials or thicknesses, or to grant temporary waivers from the daily cover requirement if extreme seasonal weather conditions, such as heavy snow or severe freezing, make meeting this requirement impractical. EPA Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facility Criteria ©2012 Neal Bolton 13 Alternative Daily Cover There are Many Types of ADC • Tarps • Film • Foam • Spray • Wood Waste • Green Waste • Auto Shredder Fluff • One guy wanted to use Seagulls!! ©2012 Neal Bolton 14 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 7 Blue Ridge Services Manually Placed Tarps • Manually- placed tarps are cheap and easy. • Problems with wind & snow ©2012 Neal Bolton 15 Alternative Daily Cover Spray-Type ADC • Provides flexibility • Issues with wind • Shadowing • Odd Geometry Photo by: Posi-Shell ©2012 Neal Bolton 16 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 8 Blue Ridge Services Mechanized Tarping • Quick and easy to place and remove • Tarps last up to 2 years • Economical • Requires plane surface Photo by: Tarp-O-Matic Photo by: Tarparmor ©2012 Neal Bolton 17 Alternative Daily Cover Green Waste • Provides beneficial re- use of waste material • Can be costly due to multiple handling • Consumes airspace ©2012 Neal Bolton 18 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 9 Blue Ridge Services Wood Waste • Requires multiple handling • Provides credit for diversion • Flammable ©2012 Neal Bolton 19 Alternative Daily Cover Unprocessed Material (shingles) • Using an un- processed waste is economical but not allowed in some States • Cheap but looks like trash (…it is) ©2012 Neal Bolton 20 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 10 Blue Ridge Services Foam Machine • Looks like shaving cream • Requires specialized machine • Good for odd geometric shapes ©2012 Neal Bolton 21 Alternative Daily Cover Film Machine • Near zero air- space used • Requires special equipment and material • Sheds water • No removal required ©2012 Neal Bolton 22 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 11 Blue Ridge Services Exemption • Waiver is possible during heavy snow or freezing conditions ©2012 Neal Bolton 23 Alternative Daily Cover Seagulls ?? • Don’t even think about it ©2012 Neal Bolton 24 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 12 Blue Ridge Services So, Which ADC is Best? • The one that fits your operation and works best for your landfill’s condition(s) ©2012 Neal Bolton 25 Alternative Daily Cover ADC Considerations • Consider your site- specific issues when selecting one or more types of ADC • Why use shingles? ©2012 Neal Bolton 26 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 13 Blue Ridge Services Because of a Unique Issue • This particular landfill had a problem with wild pigs • Shingles worked best ©2012 Neal Bolton 27 Alternative Daily Cover How is ADC Used? • Many landfills use more than one type of ADC – based on: – Type of waste – Geometry of Cell – Weather Conditions – Accessibility – Type of Equipment – Size of Landfill Operation ©2012 Neal Bolton 28 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 14 Blue Ridge Services ADC Selection Criteria • ADC selection is sometimes based on personal preference • May also include additional, site- specific factors …let’s look at some ©2012 Neal Bolton 29 Alternative Daily Cover Criteria: Green Waste • Green Waste: do you have lots of green waste …with no market? • …do you need to reach certain diversion goals? • Do you have reject material from a compost or co-gen operation? ©2012 Neal Bolton 30 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 15 Blue Ridge Services Criteria: Spray-on Material • Do you have rough waste that would tear tarps or require excessive depths of green waste? • Do you have irregularly-shaped cells to cover? • Do you have other uses for a sprayer? – Erosion control tackifier – Hydroseeding – Dust suppression ©2012 Neal Bolton 31 Alternative Daily Cover One Operator Surveyed Said: We like to use tarps when it’s windy, because we can lay them out …just like making the bed And when it’s calm, we use the spray-on material ©2012 Neal Bolton 32 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 16 Blue Ridge Services Another Operator Said: I like to use spray-on ADC when it’s windy …because we can really get good distance from the nozzle And when it’s calm, we use the tarps ©2012 Neal Bolton 33 Alternative Daily Cover So, What Does ADC Cost? • Capital Costs • Operating Costs • Labor • Materials • Factor in Airspace Costs ©2012 Neal Bolton 34 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 17 Blue Ridge Services Capital Costs • These include: – Owning – Lease – Rent – Contract Cost • Figure this cost out on a per day basis – Include all machines • Foam machine, Spray machine, Tarp machine, Grinder • Dozer to place tarps or tow spray machine • Truck to haul processed wood material • Purchased re-used materials (i.e., tarps) ©2012 Neal Bolton 35 Alternative Daily Cover Operating Costs • Consumable Materials – Foam – Spray mix – Film • Machine Costs – Diesel – Repairs – Services • Labor ©2012 Neal Bolton 36 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 18 Blue Ridge Services Estimating ADC Costs • Here’s an example of how to calculate cost of green waste ADC • It’s usually best to evaluate cost in terms of $/sf 37 ©2012 Neal Bolton 37 Alternative Daily Cover Compare: Soil to ADC • First, let’s look at soil • …then at ADC ©2012 Neal Bolton 38 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 19 Blue Ridge Services Soil Use • Soil Costs are often the single biggest factor at your landfill ©2012 Neal Bolton 39 Alternative Daily Cover What Does an Extra Load of Soil Cost? • Let’s figure it out. – Payload: 20cy – Airspace value: ~$7 – Hauling: $2 – Approximately $180/load – When you’re hauling “extra” soil, you’re costing the landfill $180 per load ©2012 Neal Bolton 40 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 20 Blue Ridge Services Here is the Goal • In general, we want to construct a cell that has the minimum surface area. ©2012 Neal Bolton 41 Alternative Daily Cover Cell Components • A typical cell has three surfaces: – Top – Side – Face ©2012 Neal Bolton 42 Alternative Daily Cover www.blueridgeservices.com 21 Blue Ridge Services It’s What You Do • During the life of your landfill, you’ll construct thousands of Daily Cells • Getting it Right will Save you $Millions ©2012 Neal Bolton 43 Alternative Daily Cover Least Cover Soil • Slanted Cube is Best (for soil
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