A Foreign Affair (1948)

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A Foreign Affair (1948) Film und Geschichte. Ein Projekt am Historicum. A Foreign Affair (1948) Diese schwarze Komödie von Billy Wilder über Entnazifizierung und Fraternisierung im Berlin von 1946 galt maßgeblichen amerikanischen Stellen 1948 als politisch so frivol, dass sie nicht wie geplant in deutsche Kinos kam und auch aus amerikanischen rasch wieder verschwand. Umso mehr lohnt es sich heute, die vielschichtigen Pointen historisch zu entziffern. Da ist zum Beispiel der Auftakt. Noch während die Credits über die Leinwand rollen, schaukelt zwischen den Namen in Schnörkelschrift zu fröhlicher Musik ein kleines Passagierflugzeug durch den Wolkenhimmel. An Bord, so sehen wir als Nächstes, befindet sich eine sechsköpfige Delegation des US Kongresses. Beim Anblick des schwer zerstörten Berlin unter ihnen geraten die fünf männlichen Delegierten sogleich in eine hitzige Debatte: Sollte man die Trümmer nicht unterpflügen und Kühe dort weiden lassen? Nein, die Industrie müsse so schnell wie möglich wieder aufgebaut werden. Aber erst gelte es, die Bevölkerung zu ernähren. Ja, aber man solle sicherstellen, dass die Menschen wüssten, woher die guten Gaben kämen. Auf keinen Fall, denn das sei nicht länger demokratisch, sondern imperialistisch. Da schreitet die einzige weibliche Delegierte ein, die sittenstrenge Republikanerin Phoebe Frost, und erinnert ihre Kollegen daran, dass sie in anderer Mission unterwegs seien, nämlich um zu erkunden, ob es um die Moral der amerikanischen Besatzungstruppen tatsächlich so schlecht bestellt sei, wie es beunruhigende Gerüchte daheim vermeldeten. Auf dem Rollfeld in Tempelhof staucht derweil ein bärbeißiger Colonel die angetretenen GIs freundlich zusammen, es während des Delegationsbesuchs mit den „German Frauleins“ nicht allzu toll zu treiben. Zuhause in den USA müsse man schließlich erst noch lernen, dass man Soldaten nicht umgehend in Engel verwandeln könne. Diese Sequenz parodiert Leni Riefenstahls Eröffnung ihres Propagandafilms Triumph des Willens von 1935. Zu Wagnerklängen kündigen dort markige Druckbuchstaben an, dass Adolf Hitler „19 Monate nach dem Beginn der deutschen Wiedergeburt“ wieder nach Nürnberg geflogen sei, „um Heerschau abzuhalten über seine Getreuen“. Zu sehen ist Hitler dann aber etliche Minuten erst einmal gar nicht. Statt dessen fällt der Blick aus einem Cockpit auf dramatisch beleuchtete Wolkenberge, aus denen allmählich die festlich beflaggten mittelalterlichen Türme Nürnbergs auftauchen. In die Musik mischt sich das Horst Wessel Lied, marschierende Kolonnen sind auf den Straßen zu erkennen, das Flugzeug wirft – wie später auch das der fiktiven amerikanischen Delegation – einen Schatten in Form eines Kreuzes auf das Stadtbild. Die Begeisterung der sich am Rollfeld drängenden Frauen und Jugendlichen schwillt an und unterstützt die Assoziation der Ankunft eines Retters aus dem Himmel. Ungeduldig recken sie die Hälse, noch eine Verzögerung und noch eine, zwecks Steigerung der Spannung, dann endlich öffnet sich die Tür des Flugzeugs und Hitler erscheint überlebensgroß auf der Leinwand. Mit filmischen Mitteln führte Billy Wilder 1948 den Unterschied zwischen Diktatur und Demokratie vor Augen: Statt des einen Unbestrittenen, zunächst Unsichtbaren kommen da munter streitende Volksvertreter beiderlei Geschlechts angeflogen, alles andere als sehnsüchtig erwartet. Es wird nicht ganz leicht werden, sich zu verständigen, wie man den einen Deutschen ihre Obrigkeitshörigkeit austreibt, die anderen in ihrem Opportunismus bremst und selbst Film und Geschichte. Ein Projekt am Historicum. 1/2 Film und Geschichte. Ein Projekt am Historicum. darüber nicht selbstgerecht und überheblich wird. Das geschieht in diesem Film mit etlichen, oft nicht sonderlich realistischen, dafür umso bezeichnenderen Verwicklungen, von denen hier nichts weiter verraten werden soll. Nur soviel: Das „Fräulein“, mit dem in A Foreign Affair fraternisiert wird, ist von deutlich anderem Kaliber als die pummelige Veronika Dankeschön mit den Hakenkreuzchen auf dem Kleid in den warnenden Antifraternisierungscomics der Armeezeitung Star and Stripes. Es handelt sich um Erika von Schlütow, eine nicht mehr ganz junge, äußerst attraktive Sängerin, die im Nachtklub „Lorelei“ ein internationales Publikum allabendlich in ihren Bann zieht. Sie hat wie Veronika Dankschön eine Nazi-Vergangenheit (und was für eine!) und einen sprechenden Namen. Die den Amerikanern ungeläufige Adelspräposition verzögert nicht nur im entscheidenden Moment die Auffindung ihrer Entnazifizierungsakte, durch das Weglassen des komplizierten Umlauts klingt für englischsprachige Ohren zudem heraus, dass diese Frau aus ihren weiblichen Reizen schamlos Kapital schlägt. Dass Wilder die Rolle mit Marlene Dietrich besetzte, die damals vor gar nicht langer Zeit die Medal of Freedom für ihre Verdienste bei der amerikanischen Truppenunterhaltung erhalten hatte, macht die ganze Sache noch vieldeutiger. (PD Dr. Ulrike Weckel, Neuere und Neueste Geschichte) Film und Geschichte. Ein Projekt am Historicum. 2/2 .
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