Morning on the grasslands. ll'ang Xitrntin
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FOUNDER: SOONG CHING LING (MME. SUN YAT.SENI llse3.1e8ll. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE ClllNA wELFARE tNSflTUTE tN ENGLISH, FRENCH, spANlsH, ARAHC, GERMAN, poRIUGUESE AND cHlNEsE
VOt. XXX No. 12 DECEMBER 1981 Articles of the M onth
CONTENTS ln Memory of the 1911 Revolution Noti,onwide celebrotions mork the 70th onni- Politics versory'of ol the Hu Yoo' ln Commemoration: the 70th Anniversary of the 1911 bong the Centrol the Bevolution 4 Committee ex on peocelul reun mother' Economy iond, ond invi visit the Diversilying the Rural Economy 11 moinlond. Poge 4 Our Brigade's Uphill Struggle 1B Herdsmen on the 'Roof of the World 46 ;& Hainan, the Treasure lsland (l) 56 After the Deluge China's Prepared Food lndustry h4 Losses ore severe ofter Culture ond Art summer floods in Sichuon province, but A People's Cultural Center in Dalian 41 people ore rebuilding Pursuit 44 with couroge, ingenuity The Road l've Traveled 45 ond hope. PoEe 7 Husband-and-Wife Design Team ta The Wanfotang Grottoes 71 Medicine,/Sports Lives Mentolly lll New Lives, New Hope for the Mentallv lll 19 New for the Beijing lnternational Marathon Race 66 Progroms medicotion, occupotionol theropy ond sociolizotion in Shonghoi Across the Lond help potients into normol life ond ovoid Alter the Deiuge 7 relopses. Poge 19 A Famous Beiling Dish 32 Beijing's New Subway Network 52 Herdsmen on the Friendship 'Roof of the World' Journalists Make Friendship Visit to Thailand Scientific arosslonds Notionolities monogemenl in Yushu New Turning Point in Tibet 29 Tibeton Autonomous Future Scientists Spread Their Wings Summer Prefecture the highest - postorol lond- in Chino Science Camp for National Minority Youth 34 brought prosper' Science -ftrosity lo hordy locol Puee 46 China Launches Three Satellites with a Single Rocket 22 herdsmen. Columns ond Speciols Our Postbag Hoinon, the Treosure Cartoons J lslond Children: Triplets Go to School 55 Ups ond downs in Hoinon's Do You Know: How China Communicates with the World? 33 economic development; curent News Briefs-Animals and Plants 62 dynomic growth reflects recent Legends and Tales from History: Jie the Tyrant Last policies stressing tropicol. cosh King of Xia 6B crops suited to locol condi- Language Corner: Lesson 12 tions. Poge 56 A Letter 69 Cover Pictures Front: Two girls from Xinjiang attending the Summer Summer Science Comp for Minority Youth Science Camp for National Minorlty Youth. Young people ol 54 minority notionolities lrom Liu Chen oll over lhe country ottend the first-ever Summer Back: Bubber plantalion on Hainan lsland. Ou Songde Science Comp in Beijing. Poge 34
Edltorlol Office: Woi Wen Eullding. 8€iiing e7), Chfno, Coblc: "CHIRECON" Belilrg. Gemol Dirtlbutor: GUOJI SHUDIAN, P.O, Bor 399, B.lilng, Chino. for their work. The siory "Tombs ot script, one of the ancient scripts of the Huns in Their Horneland" is a very Bharat. Indo-Sino (Bharat-China) rela- good example of what I mean by educa- tions in all fields date from the pre- tional, as I did not know the "Huns" Christian era, when Brahmi script was from Europe were associated with Asia. in force. The above-mentioned mark- POSTBAG Every issue is read and re-read for ings, also primitive carved inscriptions articles like that. Thank you. (like on page 64) should be considered WILLARD G, SIBUS once again Matter-of-Fact Analyses to co-relate with Brahmi Auburn, N.Y., U.S.A- and other ancient scripts of Bharat. Hope you will continue to publish I am sorry to learn that Sichuan such articles. province been Home has stricken by floods. of Overseas Chinese C. B. DESAI Please accept the enclosed 10 Marks as Bedkihal. lndia a donation to express my concern and Great has been my joy to find in sympathy. My friendship for your your August issue an article concerning eountry is heartfelt. the 900,000 Hakkas and their ancestors' Rural Youth I hqve read man;' magazines from land. Indeed. your article is one of abroad, but none is more appealing those links that come to strengthen I was particularly interested to see than China Reconstructs. The articles relations berween foreign and Iocal articles on rural youth and on the are clear, concise and many-sided. Hakkas. energy problem in your June issue. as Most admirably, your editors do not I am certain that your article would both touch on my work in rural development remain silent about exisring problems be warmly welcomed among Hakkas in this country, recently ravaged in China. Instead, they make matter- abroad (especially the young). In fact. by war, landlocked, still too dependent of-fact analyses of them. This gives it moving young on routes through South is to note that the Africa, the feeling that people in your country generation of Hakkas abroad are more and with no oil of its own. Articles such are working very hard to overcome eager today to keep-?nd to unclerstand as the April ones on biogas and difficulties. the cultural ties with "Meixran" Such solar energy are very wel- come- GEHD WEDEMEYER ties do stand the test of time. I suppose you could not go into al1 the technical Wiesbailen, Wesl. Gsyrn,snll Warm thanks to you f or having details often in a generai magazine, but I would like to Thank gou for your ilonation, uthich broadened my understanding of the home of our ancestors and its achieve- see more about development efforts has been fortuarded, to China's Red using means Cross Society. Ed. ments and plans. within reach o{ rural - WONG CHUT TUEN people. The other essential. the spirit ()uangzhou, China and cultivation of the people is often More Economic Data well covered, as in the three-part re- port from Zhongshahai in your June Overseas Chinese University rssue. I am particularly interested in the economic aspeets of BRIAN MACGARRY the country, It In the June issue I read the article Salisburu, Zimbabtoe might be in-formative to have some about the overseas university in China regular features on the progress of where youth from Asia are studying economic programs through the use oI technical and material sciences. Is Correction charts or' graphs on a recent as well there some university for social and I read with interest the story about as historical basis. political, and especialiy philosophical a premarital clinic in Shanghai in As the redevelopment oI China under sciences where youth of your friendly your November 1980 issue. physi- the new modernizations beeomes bet- part government As a of world learn about cian I too consider these premarital ter defined, it might be helpful to and social life? Why is the university clinics to be very important health explain how these programs will be not some town? Why are there not in tacililies in modern China, implemented and progr.ess monitored. some European studel)ts? Are students llowever, I disagree with the doctors, .Because there could be a Iot of in- going painting exhibitions, to the on recommendations that women suf- terest among the academic community cinemas? Do theater, concerts, the fering from congenital or rheumatic in learning or studying in China, an they watch TV, listen to radio, gramo- heart diseases should be advised not exchange forum might be established phone records and tape-recorders? - Do to have chiidren. In China today as a regular featule of the magazine. you student follow have clubs which medicine has advanced to such a stage, Procedures for a Chinese student to actual evdnts in social and the other especially in Shanghai, study in this or other countries wouid my hometown, areas of life? Are the students learn- that most congenital and rheumatic help people in this country understand ing about European life, and llfe in heart disorders can now be successfully better how they might help in arrang- parts the world? other of corrected and patients allowed to lead ing study or teaching assignments. IVAN SLOTHAUER normal JOHN STOCKTON lives thereafter, including Zemun, Yugoslavia childbearing. Rochester, N.Y., U..S.A. TSUNG O, CHENG Ancient Rock Carvings Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Educational Value The articie "Ancient Rock Carvings You are quite ri.ght. We should har*e in Inner Mongolia" (Ivlarch 1981) in- sai.d toomen who sulfer trom serious Your June issue as usual is better terested me very much. On page 65 cases of such d.iseases should, not haue than the previous issue. To me its in- it says that "Many marks on the chililren before treatment. When their formation and edueational value is carvings are primitive words or cases haue improoed, after treatment, almost beyond compare. I enjoy emblems of different tribes. Other theA can of course haue child,ren. As articles such as "The Dazu Treasure- deeply carved marks are possibly Uou said in gour letter, mast congenital House of Carvings" and others pertain- numerals." and ,rheumatic heart disorders can be ing to the history of China. I per- I found a fantastic resemblance in successJullg treated ln Chi.na today. sonally wish to congratulate your staff these Ietters and numbers to Brahmi - Dat. 2 CHINA RECONSTBUCTS CARTOONS
I
l\ real lan. IIe Wei.
pa % -\h- 't\ | r-# E\ eryone has his k; own strengths. Yang Chao
Two ways to fight graYity" Zhuang XtLortg
Avantl draws ctrickens. Qu Jianfang,
DECEMBER 1987 I 0 memoratiom: rh 70rh * aB$Efr?fffirffiry of the 1981# Ieader of the 1911 Revolution, and arated from the mainland and has lffi i311 Hi,;,"J-,:N his comrades. remained so for 32 years. What a which overthrew the dynasty, Qing "D1.,Sun Yat-sen was a great misfortune f or our nation ! the last feudal dynasty in China, national hero, a great patriot and Great changes have taken place in terminated the system of au- the great forerunner of the demo- China and the world as a whole. tocratic monarchy that had do- cratic revolution in China. His The desire to bring to an end Tai- minated China for more than meritorious deeds are inscribed wan's separation from the main- years, 2,000 and raised the banner forever in the annals of Chinese land as quickly as'possible has be- of democratic republicanism over history. Respect for Dr. Sun come a rising and irresistible his- the broad lan'ds of China. Yat-sen and his memory remains a torical trend." At a meeting held in Beijing on strong spiritual link between the He continued. "Ten days ago, on October 9 to commemorate the oc- mainland and Taiwan." the'eve of National Day, Comrade casion, Hu Yaobang, Chairman oI Dwelling on China's internal and Ye Jianying, Chairman of ihe the Chinese Communist Party Cen- external tasks for the present Standing Committee of the Na- tral Commitfee made a speech period, he said, "To sum up, we tional People's Congress. issued which was well received by the are presently confronted with another statement elaborating on audience of 10,000. Recalling the three great tasks at home and the policy for the return of Tai- historical contribution of the 1911 abroad, that is, to achieve the four wan to the motherland to achieve Revolution and the course of Chi- modernizations, to def end world peaceful reunification. (See Chino nese history in the last 70 years, he peace and to fulfill the great cause Reconstructs, November issue). His said: of reunification." statement expressed the common "The course of history of the past On China's third task of great will of our Party and army and the 70 years shows that the 1911 Rev- importance that of achieving people of all nationalities through- olution, regarded as the beginning Taiwan's return- to the mother- out the country. Our word is our of the democratic revolution, land so as to complete the great bond." opened the road for a series of cause of reunificatidn, Hu Yaobang He said, "The question of Tai- historical dbvelopments. That is said: wan is entirely China's internal why we communists and the peo- "Taiwan had been occupied for affair. It should be settled by the ple of all nationalities throughout 50 years before it was returned to leaders and people on both sides of the country regard the victories of China; later, owing to the rupture the strait. The Kuomintang and new democracy and socialism as of peace negotiations between the the Communist Party cooperated the continuation and development Kuomintang and the Communist twice in history, to complete the of the 1911 Revolution. We pay Party and the outbreak of a new Northern Expedition .to and conduct great respect Dr. Sun Yat-sen. civil war. Taiwan was again sep- the war against Japanese aggres-
Exhibitrion commemorating the lgll Revolution at Zhongshan Tho tomb the (Sun of ?2 martyrs at Huanghuagang, Guangzhou, Yat-sen; HaIl in Beijing,s Zhongshan park. after repairs. Lu Yanyuart Li Zhiquan
CIIINA RECONSl'RUCTS Wei-kuo and Mr. Lin Yang-kang, and Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Mr. Yen Chia-kan, Mr. Chang Chun, Mr. Ho Ying-chin, Mr. Chen Li-fu, Mr. Huang Chieh, Mr. Chang Hsueh-liang and others, and per- sonages in all walks of life in Taiwan to visit the mainland and their natal places. It would be good if they wanted to talk with us, but they are also warmlY welcome if they do not want to talk with us for the time being. What have Mr. Chiang Ching-kuo and the others and the comPatriots in all walks of life in Taiwan to lose if they do this? Foreign aid is important, but what is most important, most reliable and most powerful is the great Patriotic unity of the 1,000 million PeoPle of our own country. Only th6se who rely on themselves are aided bY heaven. No one comes to the aid of him who breaks the countrY's great wall, no matter what high- Lontnrcrrrorative mec[ing held in Eeijing's Greal Hall oI the People on the 70th sounding words he uses. Dr. Sun anniversary of the l9ll RevoluJion. Huo Jianying Yat-sen will rest in Peace in the nether world if we seek to understand and respect each other, sion. This gave a strong impetus the 1911 Revolution or face our work in long-term cooPeration and to our nation's progress. Why can compatriots on both sides of the storm and we not have a third period of co- strait and our descendents? The stand together through operation between the Kuomin- Communist Party wiil not retaliate stress so that our ancient civilized tang and Communist Party to build like the Kuomintang did against nation can stride forward Proudly a unified state? It is true that us; the excesses of the 'cultural in the world. Dr. Sun Yat-sen struggle, neither oI the two Previous co- revolution' will never be repeated. raised the call 'peace, operations lasted long, but fair'- Here, I would like to tell the Tai- save China.' Why do we todaY not people admit that the wan authorities that not only has call, in a loud voice, 'Peace, strug- minded all great unfortunate splits were not Dr. Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum been g).e, build up China'? The two mother- caused by the Communist PartY, repaired repeatedly, but the an- cause of reunifying the the We do not wish to settle old ac- cestral tombs in Fenghua have land peacefully and making counts here. Let bygones be by- been repaired, too. The 'Mei Lu' Chinese nation prosPerous and gones ! Let the past lessons helP us villa on Mount Lushan is well pre- strong depends on no moie than to cooperate better in the future! served and the family members taking the decision or a turning of "There is nothing in our Present and relatives of high-ranking Kuo- the hand. Let us consider Dr. Sun proposal that is unfair or should mintang officials are being proper- Yat-sen's teaching,'agreeing with cause anxiety to the Taiwan side. ly looked after. 'A tree may grow the trend of world affairs and , If the Taiwan side is still worried ten thousand feet high, but its serving the urgent nqeds of the about something, it may raise leaves fall back to the roots.' Does community,' join hands and work questions for study and settlement Mr. Chiang Ching-kuo not love his together to create a new glorious in the course of negotiations. It is natal land? Doesh't he want to have page in the history of the Chinese understandable for a certain dis- Mr. Chiang Kai-shek's remains nation!" trust to exist as a result of long-time moved back and buried in the Also speaking at the meeting separation. But if we do not come cemetery of the Chiang family in were: Qu Wu, Vice-Chairman of into contact and talk things over, Fenghua? the Central Committee of the how can we remove the barriers "In my capacity as a leading Revolutionary Committee of the and build up mutual trust? If we member of the Communist Party, Chinese Kuomintang and Secret: do not solve this knotty problem I today invite Mr. Chiang Ching- ary-General of the PreParatorY and instead wear each other down 'kuo, Mr. Shieh Tung-ming, Mr. Committee for the 70th An- in confrontation, how can we face Sun Yun-suan, Mr. Tsiang Yien-si, niversary Commemorations of the Dr. Sun Yat-sen and martyrs since Mr. Kao Kuei-yuan, Mr. Chiang 1911 Revolution ; Hu Juewen,
DECE1YIBER I98I Chinese, compatriots from Hong- kong and Macao and foreign friends, including veterans of the 1911 Revolution and assistants to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, family memberc of late 1911 Revolutuion parti- cipants, former Kuomintang generals and relatives of late Kuo- mintang veterans, and others. This was the first time since the found- ing of the new China that com- patriots from Hongkong and Macao and personages from abroad were invited to attend the com- memorations. Jianglou Hall, now a museum in nremory of the Wueha,ng Uprisring of the lgll In addition to the meeting in Revolution, al Wuchang, Hubei provin"". it"-io..ription on the facade is in Soong Ching Ling's handwriting. yu Dengjian Beijing, celebrations were held in all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the country. Chairman of China Democratic succeeding generations, abandon There were also various exhibi- National Construction Association : former grudges and contribute tions, films and television broad- Lam Sum Lee (Li Mo,an), former their share toward accomplishing casts. The high-ranking Kuomintang general the great cause People's Bank of China of national issued gold who 'came specialty from the reunification. and silver coins in United States to participate in the The 1911 Revolution and'Dr. Sun memory of the 1911 Revolution, commemorations: and I\{iao yun- Yat-sen have always been revered and the Ministry of Post and tai. delegate to the N.P.C. Stand- and commemorated by all people Telecommunications released a set ing Committee. From their per- in the new Cliina. In 19b6. the of stamps. In the city of Wuhan sonal experience. they stressed late Chairman Mao Zedong, in an an academic seminar on the 1911 that Kuomintang-Communist gOth co- article commemorating the Revolution was attended by more operation was first proposed and birthday of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, had than a hundred Chinese and initiated by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. They high praise for his historical con- hoped that the Taiwan authori- tribution. This year's commemora- f oreign scholars. An important ties would follow Dr. Sun Yat-sen,s tions of the 1911 Revolution were part of the activities was the behests, proceed from the funda- held on a larger scale than ever. renovation this year of many mental interests of the nation. take Among those invited to take part historical sites connecte'd with the into a'ccount the interests of in the activities were overseas 1911 Revolution n
(rieht) at Mount yuelu in Changsha, Hunan province, and ng (1874-f9f6) was a democratic revoluhionary and Dr. Sun the Qing government and became commander-in_chief of 13), a founder antl leader of the/ Kuomintang, actrively op_ inated by Yuan's agents dn 1913. General Cai n (fSSZ_fSf-6) the Wuchang Uprising and organized the successful mili_ kai in 1915. Photos by Wdng Ping and,Zhano yaozhi Chcngdu PLA units rush to repair Qingmuo Danr in JintgnB cuunty. Xinhuo
A S oul ieep crossed the Cheng- nith gravel and oiher debris; 1,200 ferent counties and cities. Every- fI Au plain in southwest China's head of cattle and 150,000 Pigs where I met people who had suf- Sichuan province this SePtember, were swept away, as well as all the fered grave losses. Their homes it was sometimes difficult to be- poultry usually raised along the and personal belongings had been lieve that some of the worst floods |iver banks Direct economic destroyed, and also their means of in a century had devastated this losses totaled 2,000 million yuan Iivelihood the land, animals and region in July and August. Cer- (one US$:1.? yuan) One bright equipment- on which theY dePend- tainly we saw plenty of PhYsical spot is the relativel;z low number ed. But these same People \,l'ere evidence of flood damage. but of human deaths - 1,350 PeoPle. cheerfully and energetically restor- there were also so manY signs oI Thanks to timely warnings bY ing what had been lost. Other Peo- normalcy: vi).lages canoPied bY water conservancy and meteorolo- ple I met had not been PersonallY srnoke from kitchen chimneYs, gical departments, most residents affected by the flood at all, but heavy road traffic. even some were evacuated beforehand. had gone to great lengths to helP fields of ripening grain In my survey of the flood's their less fortunate neighbors. The Most incredible were the people. aftermath, I traveled 1,000 kilome- flood's damage was awesome, but Nobody was sitting around be- ters from Chengdu. the provincial so was the courage and resolve of moaning his or her fate. Instead capital, to Chongqing, its largest its victims and the generositY ot there was an incredible bustle of city: altogether I visited 12 dif- those who came to help. productive activity as people strove r"epair, replace and make do to Temporary sheltcr in the centet of Chongqing. with what they had. That the disaster was terrible is clear from the statistics. When the heavy rains of July and August in the upper reaches of the Chang- jiang (Yangtze) caused the river and its tributaries to overflow their banks, 135 counties in north- west and central Sichuan were affected. Some places were flood- ed twice, some as many as five times in succession. Fifty-seven couhty seats and 776 towns were inundated; 1,130,000 people left homeless; 98,000 hec- tares of farmland were covered
LI CHUANG is a staft reporter for China Reconstructs.
DECEMBER 1981 , {4t $. ' ".! I "r&,l.. r !,* 8 CHINA RECONSTRUCTs. oul homes." said Long Yixiu, a woman member of Suining county's Longping c{)mmune, The flood had dismantled her house and swept away all her property, . lessons lrom lhe $ichuan Floods But after seeing to the safety oI her famiiy she had rushed to the HE severe fkrods in Sichuan provincc this year have aroustd f ields to see what could be great concern among Chinese scientists and *fficials. Wh:i salvaged. were these florxJs so disastrnus? Can anylhing be dcrn* to preilenl Within 10 days after the flood. such floods or minimize their effect-q? A principal ca"u.st: irf thr: cornmune members had repaired floods was simpiv exceptionail-v he;lrrv rainfall. In twt-r or three their 2,000-meter irigation chan- days some 200 to 300 mm. of rairi iell. thrrs turning tran-v locai nel. straightened up and cleaned rivers into raging totrents. the remaining rice planls and But scientists also believe anothei rrrajol leasor.l the tlo(){tr lva,s quickly planted 40 hectares ol so severe is that far too man3. trees and trthei'1'eg(:Lation hilve been sweel potatoes, 50 hectales of corn cut down in the alfected ar"eas. thus Llpsettjng the eccilrrgicr:i ba!- and 10 hecterres oI vegr:t:rbles ance and causing topsoil to bc 'ul,asheri arvaf instr''ad r-lf absorbilrg where crops had been completel.v u,a1er. destroyed, Because of t,he pea.s- Since the floods scientists have been r-lond,-irtiug r.,roltigic'al sut'- ants' quick ar:ti ons an d good l,ey.s not just of Sichuan trut crthel parts oI Chiria. L.ri-,qe-sc;iit trrp- rrranagement aftel the flood. grain priority afforestaLir"rn prtr.jects have Lreen slar:te DECEMBER 1987 which three suffered heavily from the flood. From July 23 to 25, the seven remaining brigades worked frantically to help their stricken neighbors transplant 10 hectares of late paddy rice and plant 30 hectares of vegetables in places where crops were totally de- stroyed. At Qingxi commune. members who had not suffered from the flood climbed up into the mountains despite rain or scorching sun to cut trees, bamboo and grass to aid flood victims in constructing shelters. They also donated 2.5 tons of sweet potatoes and 70 kilos of vegetable seeds. Zhang Wenbi, a woman member of the Shanan production brigade, ,-,* traveled 10 kilometers over moun- tainous terrain with 50 kilos of .&^ straw on her back to help a flood- darnaged brigade. Xie Shaoshan. To get production going again, commune rnemtrers exchange seeds on the streets a 74-year-old peasant who had of Jinteng. Xtnhua suffer:ed from the flood himself, gave 200 yuan to families worse- off than his ow,n. and 1ed a re- "But for us," Wang said were grorving well. City people building team to help families emotionally, "it's the land that's whose houses had been destroyerd iacking labor power. really important, more so than the by the flood were living in tem- CJuanghan county's Sanxing money we might earn in other porary shacks along the roadside. commune on the Chengdu plain ways." Next year the brigade wili New, permanent buildings rl7ere sent 150 members of four produc- begin the har:d'virork of reclaiming under construction. Night market tion brigades to help 16 flooded- bit by bit the 132 hectares of farm- fairs were restored. and pediars out brigades build houses and Iand ruined by the flood. They loudly harvked their war-es: boileri reclaim farmland. They took with will continue to clear away the meat dumplings, fried twisted them 50 tractors, 60 tons of sand and gravel, and bring soitr jellied beanstarch. in dough sticks, bamboo, timber, dried reed and from outside. Next summer they cooked meats, vegetables, fruits, straw, and their own food and will build small dams to prevent peanuts and sunflower seeds. supplies. mudslides. Complete recovery rrray public At Chongqing's celebra- At the Kaiyuan production take five or even ten years. "It lion of victory over the flood, one brigade, Ziyan commune, Shehong will be a tren:endous job," said of the many heroes who had done county, 100 people from Wang. "But we must do it. Where so much to save lives and property over outside disaster areas were would we be without our land?" said, "Our strength comes from the the and dig unity of the people, and such working to repair houses Strength from {Jnity strength is unconquerable." Unity canals. Kaiyuan brigade member' Xiangquan explained that the The Fujiang and rivers and mutual help we-re certainly Qiu Qujiang just up. join the Jialing River at Hechuan demonstrated time and time again outsiders had showed tools and county in central Sichuan. The by the vietims of the flood. But carrying their own food, Jiaiing in its turn flows into the they also characterized the rela- building materials, and-quietly set Changjiang (Yangtze) at the city tionship between the flood victims to work. In the early days after of Chongqing. In mid-July the and those who had not been af- the flood, some 2,000 people from water level of the Changjiang and fected at all. PLA units from the all over had come at different the Jialing had risen by 20.18 province performed heroically times to help build houses, dig meters and 25.8 meters respective- from the time the first flood wells, repair eanals and plant ly in just four days, flooding warnilgs were issued, evacuating crops,. Just then a voice from all the surrounding countryside. some 43,000 people, reinf orcing above interrupted. "You don't By September, things were dikes and dams, and rescuing huge have to mention that," a man busy getting back to normal. River amounts of livestock and other repairing a house roof exclaimed, traffic was flowin! again. Tractors property. "in our socialist country, if one ran in the fields and turnips anci Motan commune near Chongqing person is in trouble ten people will cabbages planted after the flood has 10 production brigades, of come to help him." tr 10 CIIINA RECONSTRUCTS Diyersifying the Rural Ecomomy ZIII EXIANG nURING the "cultural revolu- capi.talism was too .strong. Cash its grain area by 800 hectares in Lf 1i6n," China's farm economy crops and industrial and sideline order to grow more vegetables, suffered disastrously from a wrong production were criticized as put- peanuts, sugarcane, mulberry and llne in planning and carrying out ting industry above agriculture, fruit trees, meanwhile guarantee- production. This ultra-Left line cash above food and the individual ing, nevertheless, to increase grain went deep and was expressed above the collective. output. Sideline occupations such mainly in demanding food produc- Food production. increased very as raising pigs, ehickens, ducks. tion but cailing other countryside Iittle and industrial crops not at geese, fish and mushrooms were enterprises "capitalist tendencies." all..Home sideline production was developed. In two y'ears. grain The result was chaos and re- prohibited. As a result, the county output reached a record 350,000 trogression of living standards. became not only short of money tons, and the gross value of in- This lack of balance and diver- but of food. In the ten years of dustry and agriculture was over sification began to be corrected the "cultural revolution," the per- 800 million yuan. All communes only in 1976 after ten years of hectare yield of grain increased in the county are now running stagnation. A good example of the by only 8.25 kilograms annually small factories and other enter- progress that has been made since and the average increase in in- prises, 3,659 in all. The gross out- then can be found in the Zhujiang come per capita was augmented by put of these last year reached 350 (Pearl) River Delta southeast of less than one yuan a year. In some million yuan. Guangzhou (Canton) an area inereased - brigades such income This income enabled the county lush with rice, sugarcane, bananas. only ten fen or less. to buy chemical fertilizers, pesti- mulberry trees and ponds for Nanhai county readjusted its cides and farm machines. It set raising fish. Here, especially in agriculture, then began a develop- up new electric irrigation and the last three years, communes and ment of industry and sideline pro- drainage networks and restruc- their brigades have put food pfo- duction balanced with its farming. tured 50,000 hectares of farmland duction back into its normal place, Per-hectare yield of grain has gone for high and stable yields. The done much to diversify, and con- up at an average rate of 397.5 kg. a\rerage individual income reached sequent).y accelerated their econo- per year. In 1979 the county cut 317 yuan, leading the province. mies and raised the peasants' income. Fish-breeding in Xiaolan comroune, Zhongshan county. Pan Jiamin New Prosperity Nanhai county is in the central part of the delta between Guang- zhou and Foshan. Fertile and well-watered, it is especially suited to cash crops such as sugarcane, bananas and mulberry trees used in raising silkworms. Food output here has always been high. However, under the threat that cash-producing enterprises were 1'capitalist," this county, like most places in rural China, dared not stress them. The ultra-Leftist in- fluence ran deep and the subjec- tive idea that prosperity meant ZHI EXIA.NG is a staff reporter for China Reconstructs, DECEMBER 1981 in China Its income is 2,760,000 berry groves and sugalcane (ields yuirn a year'. In 1980 the in- in Shunde c{)Lln1}' r-r",ere converted dividual income in this brigade tt-r growing grain. destroying the was 996 yuan, the highest in the rational ecosystem and weakening county (see "Our Bligade's Uphill lhe collective econom\/. By 19?6 StrtLggle," p. 1B), the income pel capila w'as only 135 ' Nanhai county is knou,n at yuan per year" home and abload for its rattan With the new balance between lvork. Ordered stopped during food and cash crops. rrarious kinds the "cultural revolution." it has of job responsibility systems were now been restored in 110 brigades. adopted. mostly making contracts bringing in an annual income of for each specialization and linking 10 rnillion r.uan. payment to output. This spurred Many and brigades the commune membel s' initiati're in the county"oi"r.rrurl". now have a good in- irnd helped restore production. come f rom pigs, other animals. Early in 1980. when a cold wave birds and flowers. The Qidong struck the county, B0 percent of bligade in t[e Yanbu commune the pond fish rvere killed. Thanks earned 72,000 yuan last year from to a prompt change to taising dif- its pigs. an itverage irr"omqr p€l' ferent breeds at different watet' capita of 130 yuan. lt made levels. the iosses were made up Xiqilo <.onrmlt!le runs a lrrcra(ivr rul- another 5,000 yuan from 7,000 fat- and they still got a good fish livatcrl penrl industrl. tened ducks. It raises 20 varieties hat'vest 52,500 tons. a siighl llttano Itatttltu of bird.s fol export, eat'ning from increase- uver t.ht, previous year this mole than 20,000 yuan. A change <.if policy and an The Minle brigade in the Xiqiao increase in the state's purchasing The nerv guidelines and economic commune cultivates pearls. Only price of sugarcane raised the pol.icies bror-rght ll'r Ltnprecedented seven people do this wot'k. Each growel's' enthusiasm. The sugar- plDsperitv. year: the5r collect '40 kg. of pearls. cane al'eas were expanded outpul sell them to the plovincial foreign in 1980 increased 17 percent. ovet earn 50,000 Overall Development tlade department and 19?9. the per-hectare yield averag- yuan for the brigade. ing 78 tons The production of The Yanbr-i corntnune in Nanhai silkworm cocoons also increased county'. slead)' grain pr'oducer'. Thus. in 1980 the gt'oss income a Mulberry Trees and Fish has at th<. sarne time beconrer :i from agriculture and sideline oc- amounted f ast-gro"l'ing industrial-agricul- Shunde county is f amous f or- cupations in the county tural district The number of sericulture and f reshwater fish. to 220 million yuan, 17.5 Percent f ar;m 'lvorkers and non-farm OI 45,300 hectares of farmland in more than in 1979. Average in- workers is now alrnost equai -- the county. 80 percent (36.270 dividual income rose to 280 yuan. 15,000 and 14,000. There are 27 hectares) are used for sugarcane. 58 yuan more than the Previous factories in 50 different lines of mulberry trees or fish ponds. The year. production. The Nlachinery Plant. county's fish account for 20 Per'- The combination of mulberry f or example. though small, puts cent of those raised in the Prov- trees with fish ponds attracted in- out products as good or better ince. silkworm cocoons 50 percent ternational attention. W. Man- than those of some large. rvell- and sugarcane 10 percent. shard, secretary-general of the equipped state plants. Its hydrau- The peasants here have used International Association of Geo- Iic mining iack has reached na- scientific methods suited to their graphy and vice-president of the tional quaiity standards and has specific conditions. combining mul- United Nations University, visited been commended by the Ministry beriy trees, or sugarcane fields or the county in 1979, studying the of Coal Indust.ry" Another faetory orchards around their fish ponds. unique land-water ecosystem. He produces Tiger brand mosquitO- The ponds are dug on low-lying noted the absorption of released repellent incense which sells well land and the ridges between them manpower and the quick economic domesticall5r and abroad. are made wide and solid enough return. At his suggestion, the The Nansha brigade in the for planting. Silkworm residue is United Nations University signed county'-s Xiaotang commune has fed to the fish. This balanced an agreement with China for a re- set a good.. example in creating ecosystem has brought a great search project in the Leliu com- brigade-run enterprises. Using advance in fishery and sericulture. mune and provided its equipment. scrap iron and other materials Such methods are now common in discarded by larger factorieS, a the Zhujiang River Delta. More Cash Crops small hardware factory makes During the "anti-capitalist', buttons in many varieties and drive of the "cultural revolution," Xinhui courlty in the delta is an eolors which are sold to 350 units 2.000 hectares of fish ponds, mul- old and 'arell-known pioducer oI r2 CHINA BECONSTRUCTS Jishui production team harvests silkworm cocoons. Huatry .lianqiu Freshwater fish-breeding flourishes at Shunde county,s Longjiang commune l'hotr Jiultt Lingxi production brigade,s growi:g flock of d,lck. lluang Jiantliu €J €* .*&a :l'1 .r I ! ." F r .i:&' ': ir *. t I .t ,! II $; jici&: 'i'-.}+,-9,:3 ;1 -e. f .:* * Sugarcane {ields in Nanhai county HLttutg )tutttlitt (iarmel1r f act('r ] lun bi L'hLlleuo L:()lrllnullrl Shunde county. Wover': rattan pr0ducts workshop a. Huancheng coo,rnune, rn""*rnuii ;;;t;.);,,,,, Busy Shiqi port in Zhongshan county. 11,au,t ,\ itntirt New prosperity means new housing foi peasants of Xijiao commune's Minle production brigade. lluung Jirtnqiu {r citrus fruit and Chinese fan palrns. processing with the customer,s creased peasant income and streng- It also grows sugarcane, lichees, materials anci compensatory trade. thened the collective economy. pineapples and bananas. By 1980 Factories set up with overseas Since 1979 the Aikou brigade in the cash-crop area in the county Chinese funds include clothing the Nanlang commune has im- had climbed back upward to 14,600 weaf, plastics, hardware, knitwear, ported &00 machines and trans- hectares, 29 percent of its farm- gloves and toys. Some projects ferred 23 percent of its manpower land. The cash-crop income are run with funds fronn foreign to such enterprises. In 1980 the amounted percent to 35 of ail agri- countries and irnported technique brigade obtained 620,000 yuan, or culture and 50 percent of that and equipment. nearly 40 percent of its total gained from grain production. A half-million over:seas Chinese lncome. The county has been raising originail;r came from Zhongshan The Yongning brigade in the citrus for 600 years. The Xinhui ,tangerine county near Hongkong and Macao. Xiaolan commune, one of the has a red skin and is Starting in 1978, thein contribu- earliest to balance agriculture, in- sweet, which makes p Flexible Foreign Trade The Zhujiang River Delta is the originai home of many Chinese now living abroad. Recently some communes and brigades have run enterprises in cooperation with overseas Chinese. These include DECEMBER 1987 t7 capitalist road" for having developed industrial and sideline production. Our hardware factory 0ur was ordered stopped, though after repeated setbacks we managed to keep it running After the down- f all of the gang of four we re- Brigade's viewed our thinking on production, and today both the brigade and its four production teams have small Uphill hardware factories Our buttons conre in a hundred varieties, sell wel] in most of the country, Struggle and some go abroad. Our total output value of industry and agri- culture was 253,000 yuan in 1978. and Radios, TVs and fancy foods are not beyond XIAN WET 3,370,000 yuan in L979, l,he reach of Xiaotang commune families 5,020,000 yuan in 1980. these days. Huang Jianqiu Enterprises run by the brigade and its teams have promoted grain Editor's note: Lost yeor, Chinese newspopers corried reports on the harvests. In the last five years production ond income of the Nonsho brigode of the Xioo Tong Commune we have drawn 120,000 yuan from in Nonhoi county, Guongdong province. These oroused greot reoder our profits invest agricuiture. ottention. Some wrote to osk if the reports were outhentic. Here is the to in reply of the brigode leoder. Today the brigade has 13 tractors and f our large boats. Plowing, threshing and feed processing is Last year the average income dry farmland. In the old days, mechanized. or semi-mechanized. per member of our brigade was this area was constantlv plagued At the same time. we have 996 yuan, an increase of 446 yuan either by waterlogging or dry increased the number of pigs, over the previous year'. We kept spells. The land was poor and the which has gi.ven us more fertilizer 120,000 yuan for: our reserve fund yields low. Before 1960 we got for the fieiri-s. We now use 1.5 and distt'ibuted the rest of the just over 4 tons per hectare. Our tons of chemical. fertilizer and 15 cash to the members. There are average annual incdme per capita tons of manure per hectare. A11 554 households in the brigade. was only 54 yuan. We had to buy this has made agricu.lture forge Twenty had an income of more 135 tons of grain for our brigade ahead rapidly. Last year we than 10,000 yuan, 140 ranged be- every year reached our grain quota of 1"6.3 tween 5,000 and 10,000. Bank Poverty, though, makes people tons per hectare. We have been savings of brigade members total w'ant change. In 1961, we began selling about I50 tons of grain to per year. 1,180,000, averaging 2,130 yuan per to consider our actual situration - the state family. a lot of manpower and too little There is no real secret to our Take my family', for example. trand. Our first step was to use an succ.ess. The credit goes mainlY We are six. Five of us work. Last old temple as the site of a small to the Party's present Policies, the year we earned 9,700 yuan (the hardware factory. We bought integration of agriculture lvith in- average income per person in the some hand-operated punch ma- dustry and sideline production, oLlr production team to which we be- chines and made small items such hard struggle, and to the economic longed was 996 yuan). My wife as buttons and shoe buckles out of foundation our persistent efforts and children got 6,800 yuan and I scrap materials left over by big have laid over the past 20 Years. received 2,900 yuan in salary and factories. We sti[ remember the hard daYs a bonus from the brigade. We This little factory paved the way when we first set uP our smali spent 4,200 yuan for 30,000 bricks for the better growth of our hardware factory. Without elec- for a new house, bought three im- economy. From the profit we got tricity, we operated machines bY ported watches, three electric fans, we set up a hydropower station, pedaLing. Without transPort, we a TV set and a tape-recorder-radio. and bought farm machines and carried things on our backs. We What was left we put in the bank. fertilizer in an effort to develop turned to other PeoPle for The rather good development of agriculture step by step, By 1964 technical know-how and worked our brigade's collective economy the brigade no longer depended over 10 hours a day. came only after a long hard on outside grain but was able to Today, in spite of our initial struggle. We're located along the sell 15 tons to the state. prosperity, rve stil1 work ten or sandy bank of the Beijiang River. The ten-year turmoil of the twelve hours a day; some putting The brigade has four production "cultural revolution," however, in extra hours at noon time or in teams, 1,136 feople, 69 hectares of set us back. We were criticized as the evenings. In short, wealth is paddy fields and 76 hectares of a typical example of "taking the created by hard work. n i8 CTIINA BECONSTRUCTS New Lives, New Flope for the Mental ly lil XIMEN LUSIIA f N naming l98l the International to a whole range of disorders, toriums have a total of 5,300 beds. I Yeal oI the Disabled, the including schizophrenia, mental or five beds for every 10,000 peo- United Nations urged all nations retardation and so on. A recent ple. The city aiso has 447 psychia- to take steps to provide physicaliy survey shows the incidence of trists and 939 psychiatric nurses. and mentally handicapped people mental illness in Shanghai is 7.28 Neither the beds nor the personnel with the treatment, training and per 1,000 population, with a rela- are really enough to fill current work opportunities they need to tively high proportion of schizo- needs, but even allowing for the become fully integrated into their phrenia. The rate is slightly increase in population mental societies. The treatment and reha- higher than in the country as a health care is considerably better bilitation of the mentally ill is a whole, but not too high when com- now than before 1949, when there woridwide probiem which many pared with figures in other coun- were only 12 psychiatrists and countries are still trying to solve. tries. In absolute terms the num- some 400 beds. I had heard thqt in Shanghai ber is high because as China's larg- "The major problem everywhere promising results had been est city, Shanghai and its suburbs in treating mental patients," Dr. achieved in this area through the have a population of 10 miltion. Wang continued, "is the high rate combined efforts of government, Shanghai presently has two of relapse. Many patients show health-care professionals, local major psychiatric hospitals, ,and improvement after hospitalization factories and society in general. smaller psychiatric hospitals or or clinical treatment. But if they With this in mind I visited the clinics in each of the city's ten are then simply released, many 1,000-bed Shanghai Psychiatric districts and ten outlying counties. suffer relapses and have to be re- Hospital, China's largest and best- Some 81 percent of the city's 101 hospitalized, not just once but equipped mental health facility. grassroots neighborhood hospitals many times. This of course means Situated on tree-shaded grounds in have outpatient services for mental higher rehospitali.zation rates and the southwestern suburbs, the hos- patients, and about 300 of the a lower turnover rate in hospital pital's red-brick buildings seem a health clinics in large and medium- beds. Prevention of such relapses refuge from hectic city life. size factories have doctors with is a key problem. Aside from special training who double as biological causes, the major reason Treatment Network psychiatrists and provide outpa- lies in the realm of social When the hospital's vice- tient services. psychiatry. A released patient director, Dr. Wang Changhua, The city's Civil Administration needs not just medication, but a learned the object of my visit, he Bureau runs three sanatoriums for proper environment and suppor- smiled. "At one time, under the the mentally ill who have no re- tive help and care. And this re- influence of ultra-Leftist ideas, latives to care for them. A1- quires the coordinated efforts of we didn't like to have these mat- together, the hospitals and sana- all sectors of society. ters discussed in the media. It was as though talking about mental Shangha.i Psychiatric Hospital grounds. illness would imply defects in the social .system. Actually, mental illness is a common disorder throughout history and every- where in the world. There are records of it in ancient Chinese medical literature. Proper treat- ment of these illnesses is a prob- Iem facing every society, and one that urgently needs solving.'r As Dr. Wang indicated, in China the term mental illness is applied XIMEN LUSHA is a staff reporter for China Reconstructs. DECEMBER 1981 much more complicated production tasks. The factory" satisfied with the quality of the work. has for three years paid the group 4,600 yuan per month for wrapping and packing 900,000 tape measures. Group expenses come to 3,000 a month, and the remaining 1,600 yuan rs used to buy equipment and small arnenities for the patienis. The expenses include small salaries for patients. Those with Lhe group two or more years get between 20 and 30 yuan a month in salaries. plus 3 to 6 yuan group Modern diagnost,ic melhods: Dr. l['ang Changhua (2nd left) and colleagues study rn bonuses; those with the €lectroencephalographic records. less than two years get somewhat lower amounts. The patients work six hours a day, and live at home. the problem of epileptic, 5 mentally retarded with "Our answer to Medical supervision is provided relapse has been occupational psychotic symptoms, and one by a woman doctor who is not a therapy and support groups. which seriously neurotic. The majority full-fledged psychiatrist, who appeared 1973 and have been treated in muni- but first in have has attended special training since been popularized in most cipal or district psychiatric facili- a course on rnental ilLness is parts of the city. These groups ties, and some have a previ- and familiar with basic prevention and patients ous history as many as , seven organize all released of treatment rnethods. whose conditions are more or less hospitalizatlons before they joined She is as- sisted psychiatric personnel stable, and who have some abiiitY the group. The staff consists of a by from municipal, district and to work but no jobs, into Produc- chief, a sub-chief, .a doctor'. tu'o neighborhood f acilities who visit tive activities within their capaci- retired workers appointed by the group ties. Appropriate medical supervi- neighborhood committee to work the at regular intervals. patients, and five or six Her primary tasks are to see that sion and social and emotional. sup- with the patients port provided. Patients take normal workers who do take their medicine as is Packing prescribed and provide part in structured social and cul- and transportation and other heavy to every- day medical therapy. Psychiatric tural activities. tasks. medication provided "ResultS have been excellent. The Yuyao group's headquarters is free of charge group members. Our experience is that the relaPse is a small two-story building with to rate is much lower for patients a floor space of about 200 square All the staff are gentle and con- siderate patients, the who join such groups. The groups meters: Downstairs there is a to the taking themselves are essentially formed workshop, a clinic and a small time to listen to their problems or- by neighborhood-level local gov- ward with several beds. UPstairs just to chat. They are also ernment bodies with the coopera- is another workshop and a meet- knowledgeable and alert for tion of medical and police person- ing hall equipped with ceiling symptoms of relapse. The group nel. factories and other enterprises, fans which doubles as an office organizes table tennis and cheSs and the general public." and recreation room. There is a matches, calisthenics, and group TV set, a small library, chess sets, viewing of special TV programs. A Therapy Group ball games and other equiPrnent. Patients are taken to movies and Some of the earliest and best In one of the workshops, a visi- other cultural programs, and to work in this field has been done tor may observe patients seated parks and recreational areas. in the Yuyao neighborhood in the around long tables wraPPing taPe Ideological education sessions - Jingan district. Shanghai's first measures in wax PaPer. TheY that is, discussions of political and occupational therapy and support work with quiet concentration. social questions as they relate to group was started here in the first The quality of the work will be the patients themselves and to 10 society at large are considered half of 1973, and now ail checked by one of the Patients - neighborhoods in the district have before the products are Packed and an important part of therapy. followed suit, with 26 theraPY shipped. Comrade Lu, the group's Schizophrenic members of the groups in all serving.639 patients. leader, comments that the work is group some 74 have been treated The original Yuyao group now being done for a local factory, and in the- group's history show has 78 patients, or about 75 per- that the tape measures are for dramatic improvement. A- study cent of all eligible patients in the export. Soms run by of 33 of the patients before and neighborhood" Of the 78, 33 are other groups are"I/orkshoPs equipped with after they joined the group schizophrenic, 34 retarded, 5 machinery, and patients master showed recurrihg attacks of illness 20 CHINA RECONSTRUCTS among all of them before they families often left for work in the and handle other aspects of pre- joined, with 87 cases of rehospi- morning not knowing what they vention and treatment has been talization. After jriining the would find when they got home. set up at the municipal, district group, 13 had no serious attacks There were even some cases of and " neighborhood level. Its in two ),ears, and ni.ne more no families chaining patients at home membership consists of ieading attacks in over a year. Only one to keep them out of trouble. Since health professionals and personnel r-equired hospitalization. the founding of the therapy group: of the civil administration and As members of the group, many no major incidents of pubiic dis- public security departments. schizophrenics for the first time turbance have been recorded, and A key {actor, however, remains ever are leading well-ordered, the neighborhood atmosphere is grassroots neighborhood involve- purposeful lives. With emotional much more relaxed. ment, as is illustrated by the his- support and understanding. they tory of the Yuyao group. At the have gradually broken out of their - Support from All Sides withdrawn, solitary states of mind Shanghai's occupational ther- and overcome feelings of emptiness apy and support groups have been and uselessness, For the first time established with relatively little in their lives. many are earning state funding. Rather, they have wages from their own 1abor, thus been made possible by the coopera- gaining a sense of accomplishment tive efforts of many sectors of and worth. The therapy group is society, including government their entry point back into society, bodies and other organizations. where in a supportive atmosphere and the general public, Neighbor- they learn to work. interact with hood-level local government bodies other people and become useful play a key role in sponsoring the members of society. groups. Psychiatric and health de- Of the current members of the partments throughout the city have group, none of the 34 mentally re- helped by training personnel, can- tarded patients have been involved ducting neighborhood surveys on in the kind of public outburst that mental illness, educating the public Members once upset their lives and dis- about the nature such illnesses, of the Yuyao occupational of support sroup pack tape turbed neighborhood residents. All and providing advice and support. H#3XI"":., the other patients have shown Factory leaders, laying aside varying degrees improvement. of their fears about entrusting work end of 1973 two retired neighbor- And 18 patients so have improved to recovering mental patients, have hood workers policeman much and a that they have been able to provided employment, materials managed take regular to borrow a 20-square- iobs. and equipment. And schools, hous- meter room from the Before group local housing the therapy was ing departments and other local bureau. Some tables stools established, and disturbances caused organizations have made great ef- were borrowed lrom a school. A mentally people by ili were a real forts to ).ocate premises. Finance local toothpaste factory was per- problem in the neighborhood. In departrnents agreed to waive taxes suaded to let the first seven the two years before the formation on the groups' incomes, and civil patients in the group insert bits of of the group! some 31 incidents administration departments pro- cork into toothpaste caps, for were recorded in the Yuyao vided loans as seed money f or which they were paid only 10 to neighborhood. Area residents were some groups. An organizational 20 fen a da;r. Later a radio factory patients' continually uneasy, and structure to supervise the groups and a plastics pla,nt also agreed to provide work. I orchestra formed by members of several occupational therapy and support groups As the number of patients and give a concert. the amount of work increased, the premises became too smail. On a nearby gmpty lot with materials from di.smantled buildings, the !B group then built their present two-story building with the help of a local housing repair team and young people from the neighbor- hood. Today 83.6 percent of Shanghai's 117 neighborhoods have set up &'.4 their own occupational therapy and support groups, and 20 per- cent of them are doing outstand- ing work in ttieir field n 2l lllast oll ! 22 CHINA RECONSTRUC'I'S [.OR the ^tirst time China launched r a group oI three space-physics experimental satellites with a singie carrier rocket on September 20, 1gB1 Thelz were accurately orbited with various systems functioning normal- iy. and are continuously sending back scientific experimental data. With this launching. China has pu1 11 satellites into space since 1g?0 See tabie. n[erteonologieal .,9.{.ff-- stations ..*ts provided accurate wea- ther foreoasts for the launch. Scientists make Iinal tests before the launch. Photos by Liu Dong aw'ay Irom time taken earth (km) for one angle of complete satellite's otder date of weight launching (ke) revoliurtion orbit to around the equator petigee apogee the earth (degrees) (min.) 1 Earth .satellite April 24, 1970 114 68.5 2 Scientific experi- March 3. 1971 106 699 mental satellite .) Earth satellite July 26. 1975 91 69 4 *Earth satellite November'26. 1975 91 63 5 Earth satellite December 16, 1975 6 Earth satellite August 30. 1976 **Earth 7 satellite I December' 7. 197ti ***Earth o satellite I January 26. 1978 ) + Returned to earth as scheduled; *B returned to earth with precision as schecluled: *** returned to earth after tulfilling its scientific experiments a-s scheduled. DECEMBER 1981 t3 J ou rno lists Moke Friemdship Visit to Thoilond A deleqotion from China Reconstructs visited Thoilond in August ot the inviittion of Mr. Preecho Sr mokkitthom, President of the Piess Associotion of Thoilond. Below is their report of the trip. Ed dition, and despite our busY schedule we managed to visit a number of historical sites, mu- seums and monuments to ancient and modern struggles. What we saw only emphasized sop're sen- tences in a brochure we were giv- en: -"The word 'Thai' means 'free,' with special emphasis on'freedom from foreign domination. This is a conviction which the Thai people have upheld in" the course of their long and proud history" (Thailand Tousard the 80s, Secretariat of the Cabinet Pri.nting House, March 1981). This quality alone makes the Thais true brothers and sisters of the Chinese, who have them- selves fought long and hard for na- tional independence. Thailand's historical defense nf national liberty is particularly sig- Itraad Yai City: President of TIA of Songkhla province, Mr. Somchai Udomlapsa- kul (seco.nd right) and flotel Manager Mr. Suphot Singha-Ampol (third lefl.) nificant today, when Thais face welcomes deputy chief editor and delegation hearl Shen Suru (ihird right), Thai a military threat on their own language interpreter Huang Wenlin (far right), aRd Mr. Preecha Samakkittham borders from a country that has (fourth left). been consistently pursuing region- al hegernonism. From its own ter- 'IKE ritory, it has shelled Chinese T anyone visiting a foreign Thai pi nong gan!" (Chinese and provinces across the border and IJ country for the first time, we Thais are brothers). At first u,e committed other provocations. carefully learned the local equiva- addressed our host forrnally as From occupied Kampuchea, it has lent of "hello, how are you?" and "Mr. Preecha," but soon "Brother cornmitted similar gross violations everywhere we went we fol.ded Preecha" came more naturally to of Thailand's territorial integrity. our hands and said "sawadee our lips. Before our trip we knew Everylvhere we went, Thai peo- krap." Ignoring our atrocious ac- in an inteilectual sense that there ple were indignant about the un- cents, new Thai friends applauded were many ties and common inter- provoked assaults on theii ter- our good intentions. We were ests between our two countries ritory. At severaf gatherings our quickly compelled to learn ,ri- and peoples. But what we sarr,' and interpreter jolned Thai friends in po-lewu!" people gave a other word,- "po-lewtl,. heard, the we met, traditional Thai patriotie songs, (enough, enough!), as at every new and deeply personal meaning sung rvith such passion that those meal our hospitable hosts plied us to the word friendship. who could not speak the language with far more food than we could found themselves beating time to possible eat. A Long, Prouil History the music and trying to hum along. But the most important Thai China's strong stand against ag- words we learned, words that will The Thais are justly proud of gression and for national inde- stay with us forever. were "Chin their history and rich cultural tra- pendenee was warmly appreciated. 24 CHINA RECONSTRUCTS I i;: il Visiting R.atana Maharhart Temple Festivai evening in ltiangkok. rj ,.- itt1l .- ,tr{. ., l;. t ..i"s ? '::.:l:,1 : - ''a! I Ehuriiiboi dtrrli arrti hydropowcr i];a;iI ri! Tak province. ...\:' : ,,1T China Reconstructs staff and hosts in Thai national costumes. Automated fodder processing factory in Rayong province. Scenic Phang Nga coast in southern Thailand. During our visit, Premier Zhao Zi- Nakorn Sawan, Sukhothai, Phit- ful consideration and personal yang, after his visit to the Philip- sanulok, Lampang and Chiang warmth. Thai and Chinese national pines, Malaysia and Singapore, Mai provinces, back to Bangkok fiags. together with slogans of was consulting with Thai Premier by plane, then oq to Eayong prov- weleome, flew over hotels where Prem Tinsulanonda at the Bangkok ince. Songkhla province and the we stayed. Provincial governors, airport on his way home" Thai city of Haad Yai (the business and vice-governors, mayors and other friends warmly recalled the visits communication center of. the officials, and people from every of Vice-Chairman Deng Xiaoping, south), and the beach resorl of walk of life took time from their Vice-Chairman of the NpC Stancl- Phuket province. known as the busy schedules to greet us, ialk ing Committee Deng Yingchao and Pearl of the South. rvith us, entertairr us, and indeed the previous visit of premier Zhao. Throughout our trip we 1L,ere see that we had everything we At reception ,tt., ,"."pti;;, ;;;J. tteated with the most thought- might neec or want. were ma.de to the Iriendship and solidarity betr.veen China and Thailand and to peace in Southeast TalkLing rvith Bangkok college iournalism staff and students. Asia. tr Old Ties, New Friends Friendly relations between China and Thailand can be traced back to remote times. During the reign of King Ramkamhaeng. third mon- arch of the Sukhothai dynasty. he sent no less than five de- legations to the Chinese court be- tween 1292 and 1314. He twice visited China himseif . and im- ported Chinese artisans to teach techniques of pottery and por- celain manufacture. Trade and cultural relations rvere streng- thened under the Ayutthayan dynasty. and at times the Thais even acted as intermediari.es betrveen China and other South- museums east Asian countries. At Delegation members Dai Weixiong (beck ror,r', second left) and Chen Xin (sixth and private homes, we saw relics left) pose before statue of ir great author with teachers and students from Bangkok. of these ancient, relationships, such as Ming dynasty porcelain, which have been carefuliy unearthed and preserved. Because of historical and geo- graphic reasons, a number of Thai citizens are of full or partial Chinese ancestry. In introducing his wife, who is of part-Chinese ances'cry, Mr. Preecha joked that many Thais and Chinese are "brothers and sisters" in more than one sense. We met quite a number of such citizens, and were told that regardless of their origins all Thais live together in unity and harmony - something which was easy to believe f rom what we observed. Our itinerary was a rus) une: north from Bangkok by road to DECEIIIBER 198I 27 ,#ry 'l'raditional dance perfor.mance at. Haad Yai University. Cautiousl) making friends with an elephant in Chiang illai provrnce" Phatos bu Viroch,IiurabriT: One museum closed for a holiday 154-meter high Bhr,rmibol. Darn. Besides our host Mr. Preecha. was opened especially for us. A named after the present king, is we had warm talks u,ith Mr provincial governor rode 25 kilo- located in the northwestern regiorr Kamjat Keepanich. Director-Gen- meters out of his way to dine with of the country. This key water erai of the government Public us one night so that we could get conservancy project includes flood Relations Department; personnei an early start next morning. Out prevention, irrigation and hydro- from Eangkok's Thoi Rohf. Thal- of many. banquets (during which electric components. During our' land's highest circulation news- \Me had ample opportunity to prac- visit workers were installing the paper; Mr. Limcharoon, Presidgnt tice saying "po-lewu, po-lewu!"), seventh new power unit, which of the Pre.ss Association of North- a particularly memorable one was wiII generate 133,000 kilowatts. ern Thailand and Editor'-in-Chief the national-style banquet called A highly automated fodder' o{ 'I'hai Nerus and his associates. "Khantok" in Chiang Mai. processing factory we visited liad and Mr" Thana Panthumetha, Pres- All this .attention of course was a 3-km long conveyor belt w-hich ident of the Press A.ssociation ot not for us personally, but for what carried processed cassava powder Southern Thailand and Deputy we represented. Many people we from the factory to three offshore Mayor of Haad Yai, who was with met told us of their real apprecia- storage towers, from which the us from early morning until late at tion for the efforts our magazine powder could be loaded directly night during our stay in the city. past years has made over the 30 to onto ocean-going freighters. In the Besides veteran journalists, we promote friendship and under- south, specialists at a rubber had a chance to meet some of the standing between China and the piantation younger generation, people and research center at Bangkok of the world. Whenever demonstrated a new experimental College where we talked rvith the name of our founder the late tapping technique. At the three undergraduates, and at Chiang Honorary Chairman state of the aquatic products research centers Mai University where we had in- Soong Ching Ling was mentioned, we visited, scientists explainerl teresting conversations'a,ith stafl Thais from every walk of life ex- the latest developments in breed- and students of the journali.sm pressed deep respect for her and ing fish, shrimp and other aquatic department. From veterans to her esteemed husband Sun Dr. Iife. We were very glad to know neophytes. the people we met were Yat-sen for their patriotism and scientists area f orward- anti-imperialism. that Thai in every Iively, dedicated and had already had, or were prepar- Iooking fine representatives of ing to have, technological ex- their country- and their pro{ession. Progress and Cooperation changes with their Chinese Thinking of young people auto- counterparts. matically rnakes one think of the Like China, Thailand is a devel- When people in the same trade future. The Thai youth we met. oping country that is making great get together, there is always a lot whether coliege students or the progress in modernizing the of eager shop talk, and one of the healthy, intelligent children at a economy. According to official highlights of our trip was our small vi.llage school, qonvinced us statistics, between 1970 and 1979, many discussions with Thai jour- that Thailand's future will be in the annual growth rate of Thai- nalists at all levels. If a major good hands. And the warmth and land's gross national product was reason for our trip was the enthusiasm with which we were 16 percent. We saw only a few of strengthening of the friendly co- greeted confirms our hope that the the country's advanced economic operation between the press people deep friendship between the Thai and technological achievements, of our two countries, then this and Chinese people will eontinue but these were impressive. The surely was accomplished. from generation to generation. E oo CHINA RECONSTRUCTS New Turning Point in Tibet ZHANG RU f N the spring of lgB0 new policies There were also large increases in county's per capita income is now I were put into eflect in Tibet, privately-owned livestock and 400 yuan. In Nedong county's Iargely to correct some unfortunate private plots. Gyoba commune, Baizhoin's tendencies which cropped up Peasants and herdsmen are family of six with five working during the "cultural revolution." elated by these changes. The members earned 4,445 yuan last The new policies are designed to reason for their elation is not hard year, or 889 yuan per working bring prosperity to the region as to seek: iust a Iittle over a year member though this is still quickly as possible through a more ago the life of 30 to 40 percent of rather exceptional.- flexible approach to economic the people in the whole regiell 1y4s Gaisang Lhamo's family of five development, to pt omote iocal not as good as at the time of the with three working memb-ers Iives culture, and to strengthen the mutual aid teams in the early in Doilungdeqen county's Dongkar' t'egion's autonomous powers, Many 1960s. and 200,000 to 300,000 commune. Last year her family re- Tibetans consider this another people were extremely poor. ceived 2,100 kg. of graln, 880 kg. point major turning in their lives Lhalu Tsewr-rng-Dorje. once a more than in 1979, and 800 yuan since the peaceful liberation of commander of the Dalai Lama's cash income, 300 more than in 1951 and the suppression of rebel- rebels in 1959 and ltow a member 1979. They had two milk cows lious f eudal nobles and the of the Tibet Political Consultative before. but have now bought two abolition of serfdom in 1959, Conference, reports that "Living sheep and a yearling calf. Their standards of about half of the storehouse is fil]ed with sacks of Improved Living Standards Tibetan people have risen sub- qingke (highland barley) and Last year bumper harvests were stantially this year: 40 percent, are wheat, and strings of dried beef achieved both in agriculture and now at an intermediate level and hang from its ceiling. The family animal husbandry. The 505- about 10 percent are still quite has a new Shanghai-made sewing million-kilogram gross output of poor, though there has been some machine. a new Tibet-style tabJ.e grain was 19 percent more than in improvement in their lives." and a new radio. 1979. and the number of livestock At present the amount of grain At the beginning of 1981 the totaled 23.800,000 an increase of distributed per capita in better-off f amily added another room to 1,6 percent over -the 1979 figure. counties and brigades (such as their houSe. Gaisang bought two Nedong county) is 300 to 400 kg. leather jackets. one each for her ZTIANG RU is a statt reporter for Na- per year. In Qangdoi commune. husband and son. And the family ti0nal Unity. Bailang county, it is 700 kg. Rutog still has 200 yuan in the bank. Tibetan cadres Samding Donje Tagmo (left) of the standing committee of the Tibet Political Consultative Conference and Ngatoi Cedan Zhoiga, chairman of Tibet's Women's Federation. Worshippers at Jolgkhang Temple. Zhano Ru Zhonq Ru w -"1. 6 DECEMBER I98r 2S multicolored jewels, exquisitely fashioned silver and wooden bowls, carved Tibetan knives. colored carpets, mats and aprons. The bustling scene on Barkor Street is the result of new policies on handicraft production and com- merce. No'w' peasants, herdsmen and city dwellers can sell or exchange home-produced farm or handicraft products; collectives or individuals can buy, sell and slaughter livestock and sell meat and eggs. Foreign merchants can import goods needed bY the local Weaving traditional mats. Xinhuu Moving into their new house, a Lhasa run f amily hangs a "Iucky" canopy anal minority nationalities and other traditional symbols. Xinhua retail stores. To Promote Pro- duction and commerce, il was an- nounced that no industrial or com- Much of the family's clothing is amount of arable land, and nearly mercial taxes would be levied for stil.i rather shabby. as are their' every household supplemented its two years starting from August 1. furnishings. but they are happy income by weaving pulu. During 1980. and satisfied with the new policies. the "cultural revolution'' house- Near Barkor Street the United , Zhagyab county in the Qamdo holds were forced to sell their Mats Co-op was set uP in 1975 bY area had once been known as a looms at low prices to the col- a neighborhood committee to make major grain-producing area. but it lective when home industries were traditional Tibetan mats. Today a got increasingly poor during the Iabeleci "capitalist". At the same two-story workshoP is under con- "cultural revolution." About two- time there was a blind pursuit of struction. Production is uP 34.9 thirds ot the people were forced to a high degree of agricultural col- percent over 1979. The co-oP go out to beg for a living. Some lectivization not appr-opriate to employs 105 workers. OutPut value fed themselves on wild fruits and local conditions. As a result one- for the first quarter of this Year seeds. Even middle-level families third of the brigades in the area was six times that for the same went bankrupt and had to leave survived on state assistance in the period last yeal, and average work- for other places. form of loans or grain allocations. er monthly income increased 200 At the beginning of 1979 the District chiel Qimei Pungcog percent. The highest Paid worker investigating team sent by the says, "We've corrected the Leftist earns 120 yuan a month, Party Central Committee uncover- errors and returned.the looms, re- Lhagba Toinzhub, 57, whcr ed this situation and spurred the pairing those that were damaged learned to weave at the age of 11' lqcal government into action. In and replacing those lost. We now has deep feelings about the 1980 total grain output increased promote this sideline by helping changes: "We old workers were 62.4 percent over 1979. Grain eon- people get raw materials and find once labeled 'remnants of the old sumption reached 150 kg. per market outlets. In the past Year social order.' We were criticized. capita, and even 300 kg. in some about 1,100 looms have reappeared fined, and had our Products con- communes and brigades. Income in about 90 percent of the house- fiscated. Now we are suPPorted from side-fine activities increased holds. The hum of shuttles is now and encouraged to use our skills 38 percent over 1979. Most people heard everywhere again." In 1980 again, and life is getting better and who had left the county returned. total income from this sideline .better. We are haPPY from the One-fourth of all families repaired reached 610,000 yuan, an average bottom of our hearts." houses ones. their or built new of 94 yuan per capita. Articles like mats arLd Pulu are Most households bought new Lhasa's Barkor Street is a busy necessities to the Tibetan PeoPle, furnishings to replace those sold marketplace. Some one-third of and also much liked by PeoPIe in when they left the county. Though its population are handicraftsmen other parts of China and abroad. the county is still not well-to-do, and members of co-ops. Every In 1980 the region allocated five there has indeed progress been big morning people converge on the times more funds than in 1979 to in the last year. street from every direction with help the growth of national carrying poles, baskets, carts and value of Local Ilandicrafts handicrafts. Total Pro- tractors. Food stalls of various duction that year increased 21.2 The Qiru area of Zhanang kinds are dotted among the many percent over 1979, and about 1,000 county is known as the home of stalls and stores run by Tibetans different kinds of products were pulu- a woolen fabric the Tibet- and Nepalese residents featuring made almost a record high. ans use for clothing" The popu- hand-crafted local products After -one year's recovery, for in- lation here is large for the limited emerald-inlaid silver vessels.- stance, Lhasa's Chengguan district 30 CHINA RECONSTRTJCTS was producing:'some 800 different been singled out for her efficient just as any non-religious citizens kinds of hand-crafted products. and caring leadership. She is al- do. The 1980 total value of produc- ways busy checking out problems "Since the reimplementaiion of tion was 4,000,000 yuan, an in- in the qingke fields or in the the policy on religious freedom," crease of 13.6 percent over 1979. pastures, or visiting the aged and Wangdui says, "the livelihood of About 30,000 commune members infirm. Once she learned that a the lamas has been assured and are now engaged in various kinds group of peasants were temporari- their right to religious belief of handicrafts. In 1981, produc- Iy short of butter tea that guaranteed. - They can now devote tion of local products increased Tibetan staple. She immediately- time to studying the scriptures and three times over year's last figure, allotted a thousand kg. of butter sutras, or to other religious ac- both in quantity and vaiue. Some for the families with difficulties tivities. The management of the 17 national handicrafts have been and also arranged a long-term lamasery has returned to normal brought into the orbit of national exchange of qingke for butter from We are now open six days a week economic planning. The state in- the Nagqu area- She is enormously for worshippers or just sightseers." tends to allocate 2 million yuan to popular with the local peasants. tr develop this aspect of the econo- my even further'. Religion Yangm,o, a Party commil,tee member at Minority Cadres Increase In the last year or more the R.ed Flag commune, Nagqu county, standing policy freedom of pitches in at milking time. Xinhua Ragdi, on the 43-year-old son of a practice policy herdsman now reiigious a which in charge of or- was violated during- the "cultural ganizatlonal affairs in Tibet. has revolution" has been reempha- this to say: accordance with "In sized. Nine- lamaseries and three the new policies, more and more mosques reopened Tibetan cadres are shouldering the have been in Tibet. The state 1,500,000 tasks of building up the new Tibet, allocated yuan reconstruction while a number of Han cadres have for of the been transferred to other regions." Gandan lamasery. one of the th,ree Ragdi himself has been heavily in- most famous in Lhasa. which was volved in the work of choosing Ti- razed during the years of turmoil. betan cadres for promotion and The pagoda of Zonggaba (one of reshuffling leadership groups at the founders of the Yellow Sect of all levels. Lamaism) and four temples have "Now, from the region to the also been rebuilt. At the refur'- prefectures to the counties," he bished lamaseries and at the Potala goes on, "about 300 outstanding Palace, crowds of worshippers and cadres of Tibetan and other min- rzisitors can be seen every day from ority nationalities have assumed all parts of Tibet and from Gansu. leadership responsibilities.. The Qinghai and Sichuan provinces. Busy marketplace in Lhasa' Xiflhua entire leadership setup is now The Zhaxi.Ihunbo lamasery at mainly composed of Tibetans. We Shigatse was built in 1447. At its are now really the masters of our zenith it covered 300,000 square homeland." meters and housed 4,000 lamas. Statistics show 36,900 cadres of Wangdui, 50, a member of the minority extraction in leadership iamasery's management commit- positions at the commune level and tee, reports that there are now 570 above 60.3 peicent of all cadres Iamas, 200 supported by the state at this- level in the region. In six and the remainder working on the prefectures, cities and counties. 133.3 hectares of farmland run by chief leadership is in the hands of the lamasery. In addition each of Tibetans. Of 75 county or prefec- the 570 receives every month from ture governments, 68 have Tibet- the state 10 yuan in pocket money. ans as their prilrcipal leaders. Those who normally work on Ragdi is confident that, although the farm are invited back to the many Tibetan cadres are new at lamasery.for holidays or religious their jobs, they will be competent ceremoni6s. Per capita grain con- and efficient. Of course, he adds, sumption among the lamas was they will need practice and must 350 kg. last yedr, and per capita continue to learn the art of income of those who could work leadership. was 400 yuan on the average. Yexe Zhoma, 36, head of Nedong Those who cannot work get relief county in the Shannan area, has funds and goods from the state, DECEMEER T98T its master cook. APPrenticed at 13, he learned his art through long experlence. A Famous Beiiing llish The ingredients used far shuan- Uangrou at Donglaishun seem the same as at other restaurants' But LIN ZENGCHENG and LIU HONGFA there is a difference. The chili is fried in sesame oii. the bean sauce is made by the restaurant itself, and instead of water in the brazier a soup containing mushrooms. shrimp and green onions is used. The ingredients are strictly chosen and skillfully cooked. The restaurant's high qualitY sPecial rg mutton comes from two .U areas in Inner Mongolia. The sheep are less than two Years oid The meat is tendet and delicious. i-*r' i I and without a strong smell. It is i freezer-stored and thin-sliced while still cold. The Donglaishun Restaurant keeps strict standards. ,&, Every plate, for examPie, contains 200 grams of sliced mutton, each paper-thin at 0.8 mm thickness' called shuangangrou in seconds it is ready. It is taken T T'S a ton and a half of mutton is r English, Mongolian hotpot- out, dipped in the mixed condi- Over served every day. boiled quick-- ments Then any re- thin slices of mutton and eaten. originated in the Mongolian put the Sltuonyongrou iy at the table in a maining mutton is into of water brazier and served with water together with cabbage north and northeastern Parts The fascinating sauces and seasonings. hearts, spinach. diced beancurd China among nomad PeoPIes This is one of the famous dishes of and bean sprouts. This clears copper brazier aPPeared about Beljing, particularly pleasing for away any oiliness. Now vermicelli 1,400 years ago and was lirst used wintertime dining. The Donglai- is added. The result is a thick but to scald different kinds of shun Restaurant on Wangfujing delicious soup. meat such as Pork. rabbit and Street, one of Beijing's busiest, is Though a dozen Beijing restau- chicken. Around the end of the the place to go for shuanyangrou. rants serve shuanyangrou, Dong- Ming dynasty 400 years ago shuan- The Dongiaishun never wants laishun is the best of them. One Aangrou was brought to Beijing. for customers. As the guests are of the reasons is He Fengqing, 53. It became very pxtPulal' and was seated, a waiter brings a tray with seven bowls containing seasouings Zhanrl .[inrlde of seven colors red chili oil. Enjol'ing Mongolian hotpot al Ihe Donglaishrrn Restauranl green chive flowers,- pink ferment- ed beancurd sauce, black soybean sauce, gold sesame oil, brown se- same paste and coff ee-colored shrimp sauce. In their own bowls the custom- ers mix their favorite condiments. adding some boriander and chop- ped green onions. Then the waiter carries in a plate of garlic in sauce, some cabbage hearts and vermi- celli. Finally, a copper charcoal brazier is put in the center of the table. Its heat arises through a pipe around which is a circular trough of water. When the water boils, a plate of thin slices of mut- "_.%T ton is brought. The guests use chopsticks to put the slices into the boiling water. After only a few CHINA RECOIISTRU{-If,S 32 one of the winter delicacies served in the Qing court" A Qing menu now in the Forbidden City lists this dish first among those pre- ferred. During the Spring Festival Itow Ghina Gommunicates with the tlorld ? of 1796,,when the Qing court gave a "Banquet of a Thousand Elders", 1,550 copper braziers.the were used. The founder of Donglaishun f\ HINA now has mail and tele- 480-channel submarine cable con- -Restaurant was \J communication services to all nects China and Japan. Ding Deshan, a parts poor man of the city who made a of the world except South China's postal services have also meagre living selling loess soil for Korea, South Africa and Israel. expanded, with direct mail to 111 There are direct cable, telephone, countries. This includes letters, planting flowers and making stove telex briquets. In 1903 he set up a stand and photo-telegraph lines postcards, printed matter, reading near Dong'an Market (today's with 47 countries and leased lines materials for the blind, registered Dongfeng Market in Wangfujing to twelve. China also transmits letters, small packets and parcel TV programs porridge, a via satellite and post (including ordinary, fragile Street) selling douzhi. radio programs termented bean drink and baked with some coun- and registered packages). Inter- tries on every continent. Begin- corn cakes Later he built a shed national express postal service is ning in 1979, data-transmitting and hung up a signboard, "Dong- norvv also handled in Beijing, experiments have been laishuq'' Three years later he carried on Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, built a shop of three rooms, hired with Japan, France, West Ger- Fuzhou. Shenzhen, Harbin. Dalian, many and other several workers and enlarged his countries. Today Nanjing, Hangzhou, Changsha, Wu- 277 telegraph, g business. 274 telephone and han, Shenyang Qingdao, Xi'an and radiophoto lines are operation. Because shuanyangrou was so in Qinhuangdao. These stations take China's international popular, in 1914 he added this to communi- urgent commercial documents, cations are done mainly satel- his menu and clranged the name by contract data, commercial sample lite. Radio, under-sea cables and books, construction blueprints and of his restaurant to the Donglai- open-wire lines shun Mutton Restaurant. Having augment this. other items needed by financial, Three Beijing and Shanghai-built heard that a cook in the Zheng- commercial, foreign-trade, scienti- ground satellite stations up yanglou Restaurant outsr.de the link fic and technological departments, with 27 countries via sateliites over tr'ront Gate was famous for his skill giving them rapid processing the Indian and Pacific oceans. A through customs and transport. I-l with this dish, he offered him a high salary and brought him to the Donglaishun. The cook trained a trumber of excellent apprentices. Business became more and more brisk. His restaurant enlarged steadily and became the best in the capital Donglaishun establish- ed branch shops and began making its own ingredients fat shuanyang- ln the interests of strengthening the ties ol friendship and understanding ro'1. even table between people Ghina and - the copper the of English-speaking lriends, the Society fol braziers. Thus the dish began to Anglo-Chinese Understanding has been organising visits to the People's have a flavor imitated but not Bepublic of China since 1970. For l98l/2 we can offer the following: matched in other restaurants. Af ter liberation in 1949 the o Chinese longuoge courses in Tibet ond Yunnon Donglaishun Restaurant changed. Beiiing ond other cilies o Generol tours feoluring centres It was rebuilt in 1969. The new o Courses in ocupuncture in in Tibet, Xiniiong, lnner buitding is bright, spa,cious and Eng lish Mongolio ond Chongiiong air-conditioned. It has nine pri- . Speciol interest tours for (Yongtse) River Cruises vate rooms, a refreshment room botonists,birdwotchers, . Women's Tours roilwoy enthusiosts, and two banquet halls. each o Overlond lours trovelling on troditionol medicine, potters, the holding 100 diners. Some 600 peo- Trons-Siberion Roilwoy lowyers, populor ori Speciol "ln Depth" Friendship ple can be served at the same e c Trekking in the mountoins of ' .Tours time. The restaurant receives Qinghoi, Sichuon, Xiniiong, . hcycle tours 6,000 foreigner:s every month and has entertained many famous peo- For frrriher lnformofion, pleose conlocl: ple and heads of state. No one fours Orgoniser: Socleiy for Anglo-Chlnese Underrtondlng really knows Beijing until he has 152 Comden High Street, London NWI ONE, Englond. Tel. (01) 267,9841 eaterl- shuanAangrou at the Dong- laishun. ! DECEMBER T98I Future $oientists $pread Their Wings - Summrer Science Camp for Nationol Minority Youth YOU YUWEN students at Tian An Men. Liu Chen I AST August passers-by in Most of the students had never become masters of science and L Tian An Men Square been away from their hometowns, technology. witnessed an unusual sight - 215 much less farther afielQ. For Part of the purpose of the 15- rninority nationality young peo- some, the journey took between day camp experience was to ple in traditional dress lining up ten and twenty days. Bouyei gir). further - the students' knowledge for a group photo. These young Tang Shiqin's father and t6acher of scientific disciplines and middle-school students were in traveled fifty kilometers from technological applications. But an Beijing to attend the first-ever their home in Wangmo county to even more important purpose was Summer Science Camp for Na- see her off at Guiyang,'capital of to inspire in them a love of science tional Minority Youth sponsored Guizhou province. Tibetan student and an appreciation of its role in by the Chinese Science and Wang Guofang spent two day.r on socialist construction. During the Technology Association, the State horseback just reach com- "cultural revolution" many minor- Nationalities Affairs Commission, to the ity nationality areas fell even the Ministry of Education, the mune center from his home in a further behind other parts of Chinese Communist Youth League snowy mountain valley. Ding China in economic development and the All-China Women's Run, a Dai girl from Ruili county, education. summer Federation. Yunnan province, visits relatives and The is just one of many The 119 boys and 96 girls at- in Burma several times a year, science camp solve this tending the camp represented 54 but this was her first time in efforts underway to problem of uneven development. different nationalities from 1.7 Beijing. provinces and autonomous re- The students, chosen for their- The new generation of Chinese gions. The oldest was 21, the academic excellence, became the youth of all nationalities are the youngest 11. A Tibetan girl said center of attention in their home heirs of a long tradition of Chinese in wonder, "We have come from villages and towns. N{others burn- scientific innovation. but they are Xing'an Ling in northeast China, ed the midnight oil to make new also the future. from the Five-Finger Mountains clothes. Fathers urged them again The students visited a number on Hainan Island in the south, and again to study hard and to of distinguished Chinese scientists from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau behave themselves. Teachers who talked to them about their in the southwest, from oases on gave them new notebooks and work and about the importance the OId Silk Road in the north- suggested they record everything of the various sciences. One who west, and from the coast of the they experienced. Classmates told particu).arly impressed them was East China Sea. And here we are them to bring back "good things". Gao Shiqi, a scientist who has in Beijing, the heart of our On departure day, whole villages carried on his work even though motherland. There is really no turned out to see off their young he has been paralyzed for half a way to describe how exciting it ail representatives. These students century. He wrote a letter prais- is." carried with them not just good ing the group as the "spring of wishes for a pleasant journey, the motherland, fiower of makind, YOU YUWEN is a staff reporter for but the hopes of their people for a hope of science and the reserve China Eeconstructs younger generation r.vho would force of socialist construction." 34 CIIINA, RECONSTRUCTS I Observing an experimentai solar power device at Beijing Planetarium. Astronomy lesson at Beijing Pianetarium. Collecting botanical specimens. \ * At rhe Sumnter Palace: student researcher Zhu Xiaolong talks about geologica! for- mation of Wanshou Hill. # .1 ) ::' ,. , CHINA RECONSTRUCTS:, t98! INDEX - CHINA RECONSTRUCTS r98 I rNDEX i.r'r;g Issre \o ,v (). !) GENERAL Soong Ching Llng on Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. Guangzhou'' Xiart I What Readers Write to the Workers' Daily . Qitt91 I Hu Puchen I Sun Yat-sen's Role in the i911 Revolulion Li Shrt I r! South China Sea Salvaging Ships in the Revo- Fang 2 Summing Up: Mao Zedong. Cultural Qin 10 'Radio Peking' and Its Listeners Ye Zhimei 2 tutio,n, i2 Y""." of New China National Capitalists Voice Abroad (Do You Know?) D The Partf arrd China's China's Sirtr Xiaorrrtn I1 Selected Writings of Zhou Enlai 4 Refugees and Repatriates on Overseai Chinese Taiwan Pilot Crosses Over' Wei Xiutoruq 11 Ron DorJm.an 5 Zeng Sh.uztti, Farm ol' Six In Commemoration oI the ?Oth Annivet'sai'v A Day in Squad 12 Zhao Shougi, Zhang Keglottg () the 1911 Revolutic.rn EXCTIANGE SOONG CIIING LING FRIENDSIIIP ANd CULTURAL Named Honorat'y Chairman ol People's Re- U.S. zLnd Chinese Magicians Get Together Fu TerLtllontl 1 public 1 in China l Becomes Membel of Chinese Communist Party 7 Eirst U.S. Trade Exhibitron trn U.S Histoly 3 Award Marks FriendshiP I Chinese Scholar's Vielt' Canadian Zou Dilan J Speech: In EqualitY, For Peace 7 Burns Night in Beijing 'Iour S In Deep Sorrow (Supplement: death an- YMCA Seminar' ft'onr U i Zhanq Shuichentl 6 nouncement) 6 Nlemory oI Soong Ching Ling 1893-1981 Talitha Gerlach's 85th Birth daY In Gerd,a Kunz o (special suPPlement on her life) 9 Memories ol China* A Neighbourly Visit in the Philippines Ma nni i POLITICAL Tatt Pubiisher Visitors from the Philippine's Historicat Trial: Inside and Outside the Mario Tereso T. Canti't o Ccrurtroom (Gang of Four) Zeng Shuzhi 2 'Natural History t.lf Sex' Exhibition lrtrm Recalling One of Our Founders (Jin Zhong- Deng Wttng B France o hua) Soong Ching Ling 2 Brigham Young UniversitY Dancers Everyone Equal BeLore the Law Zeng Shuzhi 3 Sino-lndian Frien'ciship -- Long Histoty' History's Judgment, New Beginning Bright Future 'li Xirntlin II 4 The Adventure of the American Pilot (Donald What's This 'Taiwan Question'? ,::;Y,:#, 5 Kerr) Zhttrt'g1 Zi l1 Gone Are the Days of Lar'vlessness Wen Ch'ao 6 Journalists Make Friendship \iisit trr Thailand 12 Major Events in the Chinese Communist Party's 60 Years I NATIONALITIES Thoughts on an Annivelsary lsrael Epstein 7 Firm in Conviction, Unceasing in Struggle The Tu People oI thc Qi.nghai Plateau ShenlTcor 1 Deng Yingchao Interview - Epstein, Liu Gong, Zeng Shuzht B Minority song and Dance r."ri'r.Tlt Li Y ortzrtttt1 2 Deng Yingchao Recalls the Long March (In- Ton Aiqintl '2 terview Part 2) I Visitors' Views on the l-e'stival Lht Chen + Deng Yingchao Recalls the Anti-Japanese and Songfest in Guangxi (Zhuang) Rervi"'ed Liberation Wars (Interview Part 3) 11 Tibetan Opera: Age-Old Art Hu ,Jitt tLrt + 1911 Li Xin I The Revolution 'Maiden Langshir Sun Yat-sen's Friendship 'uvith Cornmunist After Seeing the Opera Losottl; ClttnkLi '+ Li Dazhao Wan-q Shihan 9 TunglgcLr Three Ways t.o Beautify a CosLume (Mia" Dong and BouYeri)* Yin Strqirrrr i '* With color Photos. -2- Issue Issle No" &'o. The Lahu People rif Yunnan+ China's Prepared Eoo.d Industry Xu Yongan. Li Chuang 5 Li Chusnct 72 Briefs: tanguage Publications; Eccnomic Research ; Ethnological Societv 5 Home on the Range (Mongolian) AGRICULTURE Huang Y owftl 6 He Heips Feed the Millions (Prof. Jin Shan* Dramatie Changes l"he ior Kucongs bao) Penq Xianchu 1 Lin ZhenEu 7 Growing Rubber in Colder Clirrrates g. Many Kinds of Ho.spitaiity Peng Xianch.u 2 Tibet: 30 Years After Liberation g Diversif ied Economlr in 'Earthh, Paraclise' Musical Courtships (Dong) ,Chen Leqi 10 (Suzhou-Hangzhou)* Yu Yuttda 2 The Li People of Hainan Island* A Day in a Mountain Village Chen Rinong 3 Gao Daeian 10 Now They're Cooking with Gas Liu Chenlie 4 Tibetan,s Tackle Romeo and Ju]iet* Visit to a Solar Village Ji Yuqingl 4 Lu Zhengjia 11 More Jobs for Spare Labor in Communes New Turning Point in Tibet Zhang Ru t2 NarL Zhenzh,ong I Summer Science Camp for National Minority Distributing Income in a Production Team you Youthi yuuen lz Lht Chenlie 5 Improving the Zhoushan Fisheries* RELIGION Xiao Jun c Famous Lamasery (Gombom) in einghai Briefs: 1980 Output; Power Consumption 5 Hcrrse of the Future and the Past I-i Wei t.) Province'r Suo Wenqi,ng 2 - Whal Is China's Policy Towards Religion? Wang Jinlinq, the Soybean King 1 Lei Zhenchang 4 Liang Shutang, An R.uze'n91 Mechanization of Agriculture Yang Ligong Bud.dhist Academy Reopened Long Shan b I Shaolin Monastery and Its Martial Arts* More FreShwater Fishing Chen Xiaolun I Xin Yi, Xu Zhao g What Happened in the Countryside Peng Xianchu 10 INDUSI'RY and TEANSPORTATION Greater Responsibility on the Farm", Peng Xianchu 10 Jingdezhen. the Porcelain Capital" Wuxl Fish Cenier Hosts Fr:reign Scientist^s* Wu Huason l Chen Xiaojun, Li Ch.txLng 11 Giar-rt Project on (Gezhouba)* the Changjiang Zhong Lin, Breedgr of Fish 11 peng ChenE Shoul"oi, Xianchu 2 Team Leadel' on the New Constract System Entering tlre Tblevision Age* Lu Zhenhua t) Deno ShuLin ll China'.s Minerill Resources Hsu Chieh 4 Aviation Serves Agricu)ture Yu Quanlu 11 New Rirrg Road Aids Beijing Traffic Liu Hongfa PLACES Yow Yuusen 5 Sighis of Jiuzhaigou (Sichuan)" Clothing a Billion People Chen yifang 5 'Thousand Mountains', Fairylancl Neal Steel- What They're Wearing in Beijing town (Anshan) Deng Shulin Wen Tianshen b The,Old Summer Palace Yuan Ming Yuan* Shanxi Province: China's Largest Coal Base* Bai Rirtn 2 Wen Tianshert 7 Photo Focus: Huanghe (Yellow River) Estuary 2 From Mrll Hand to Nlirrlster (Hao Jianxiu) Vast Changes in Nanjing Portt Tie Yun 7 Zhan,g Xingduan 3 Readjustment Brings More Consumer Goods China's Hugest Bell (Youngle BelI, Beijing) ' Yi Xing 9 Chen Trtng B Building'Impossible' Dam (Gezhouba)* In the Xiamen (Arnoy) Special Economiu Wen Tianshen 10 Zone* Huo Jianging, Li Fen .t Budding Beer Industry The Birds' Paradise (Guangdong) Lu Zhenhua, Li Chuang 10 Zh,ang Qirtgtrianq .l Electrifying. the One Bilhon Li Cltuang 10 Xiamen Special Eoconomic Zclne Liu HongJ'a 6 National Plastics Fair Liu HongJa 10 The Dazu Treasure-Holrse of Car:vings (Si- Offshore Oil Exploratron: Joint Ventures chuan)* Zhang Jlctqi 6 Prr:duee Results" The Ancient Port of Anhai (Fujian)+ Wen Tianshen, Che,n Zhonggong 11 Huang Meiyu i Beijing's New Subu'ay Netr,vor-k Marvellous Sights on Mount Emei (Sichuan)* Zhang Fugen 12 Gtto Zhusonq B *3- Issue No. Spring Comes to Mei Mountain Ridge Lessons from the Sichuan Floods 12 (Meixian, Guangdong, three-part series)* After the Deluge Li Chuang lZ Qing XianYou, Wu Tong 8.9.10 Diversifying the Rural Economy Zhi Eticm.t 12 Shaolin Monastery and Its Martial Arts" Herdsmen on the 'Root of the Worl'd'* Xin Yi, X'u Zhao I Chen Rintmg 12 New Finds About the Great WalI* Luo Zhetaen 1.1 HOBTICULTURE ANd ANIMAL LTI.E Wanfotang Grottoes Zhou Yushqn and Scng HuiPing \2 Tlie Narcissus in China" Chen Yi, Zhuo Li 2 Hainan. the Treasure Island The Birds' Paradise Zhatt"g @ingriangl 4 Zhi Eriang and Wu Tong 12 Best Lr;tus Seeds anri Where The5. Grow A Famous Beijing Dish Liu Bittgu'en 2 Lin Zengcheng and, Liu Hongfa 12 The Art of Miniature (minigardening photo)* ' Ren ShiYi 6 CITIES SERIES In Guangzhou's Orchid Garden* Lu Ju'n 6 Black Chicken: The Medicinal Bird Urumqi: Multinational City in the Far West* You XiEuan 9 Tun Manni Flowers in Beijing* Vrang Mingzhen 10 Zhenjiang: 'Forernost Landscape Under The Useful Yak Wang Chunsheng 11 Heaven'* Chen Zhaocrtn The Horse of the Future and the Past Li Wei 6 Yangzhou: Ancient City Rich in Art+ Perils of a Performing Panda*- Wang Feng, Lu Zhenshencl Xu Guangzhong I Kaifeng: Int; the Ancient eaintifl, First River Dolphin in Captivity Liu Renjun 4 Manni 11 Mouut Gongga: Biologists' Paradise (Sichuan)* Qiu Chen, Liu Lu 7 TRAVEL and TOURISM Di.nghushan: A Living Laboratory (Guang- Wu Huitnin I Memories of China+ Gerda Kunz 6 dong)* The Flower from Mexico (dahlia)* Ma Xun 'll A Tour Guide's Tale Xta Zhigan 11 News Briefs Animals and Piants 12 - ECONOMY CULTURE Present Economic Policies. What and Why? He Jianzhan'g Hamlet, Cinderella, Saladin: They A1l Speak Marketing Changes in Beijing* Chinese 1 Cai Wuyan, Liu IIongJa Who Designed China's Best StamPs?* How My Village Was Transformed Zhang Ji.ngming 1 Wang Haiguan 1 A Woman Painter's Story (Wang Shuhui) Employment and Unemployment , Bao Wenqit"tg I Reforming Economic Managemenl Jiao Jili 3 Chinajs Animated Cartoon Films Is China 'Going Backward'? Qian Jiaiu 3 Zhang Songlin 2 Xue Muqiao on Economic Readjustment Minority Song and Dance Festival* Li Yaozong 2 Qi,u Jian 4 Visitor's Views on the FestivaL Tan Aiqtng 2 In the Xiamen (Amoy) Special Economic ,4 Dai Ailian: Fifty Years a Dancer Tan Aiqing 3 Zone+ Huo Jianging, Li Fen. Gu Yuan's Woodcuts and Watercolors* New Marketing Channels (Shanghai) Cai Ruohong He Ziiia 5 Go Fly a Kite (photos) r) Economic Briefs 5 National-Style Musical Instruments Mao Jtzeng 4 Xiamen Special Economic Zone Liu Hongfa 6 Design School with Definite ldeas+ Saving Energy for More Production Llan Xiaochun, Bao Wengqr,:ng 4 Neng Yan 6 A Chinese Painter Who Works Abroad (Chang Economic Results in 1980 (charts) 7 Shang Pu)* Ye Qianyu 4 Worker's Living Standards in Tianjin Billions of Books Fan Zhi,Long 4 Liu Hongfa 6 Cultural Center Livens Up Commune* Domestic Insurance Service Restored Wang Xinmin 5 Lu Zhenhua o Anhui's Four Treasures of the Studio o Yellow River Dike Ri Nong, De Wei o Sun Wei.tiu 5 Ex-Capitalists Aid Economy Li Chuang I Matchbox Labels in China+ Ji Yan 5 Progress 1949-1979 (charts) l0 National Exhibition by Young Artists* He Rong 6 Improvement in Living Standard Since Xiao Youmei, Pioneer in Music Education . Founding of People's Republic (charts) t1 Liao Fushu. 6 -4- Is sze lsslJe No. No. , Tianjin Collectors Donate Art Treasures to China Enters the Television Age Lu Zhenhua stale wan'g Ke What They're Wearlng in Beijing Hongkong Photographer Exhibits in Reijing Wen Tianshen 5 (Jian Qingfu)* Wu Yinrian t More Marriages in Zhongshahai Yan Qing 6 l,u Xun Centennial 8 Drowning GirI Saved 6 Pubtications for the Centennial 6 Active life for the Handicapped Tan Aiqing 7 Lu Xun's Place in World Literature Sports Meet for Blind and Deaf-Mutes I Ge Baoquan A Quiet Back Street in Beijing You Yuusen o o The Greater EncYcloPedia of China In Our Society: Examples of Socialist Morality 10 Ji.n Changzheng - Advertising Reappears in China Deng Shulin Filming Lu Xun's 'Regret for the Past' Shwi Hua (l YOUTH. Prehistoric Pottery to Kandinsky: Shaping a Young People of a Rural Brigade* You Yu'wen 6 Young Calligrapher's StYle Shr Yong 10 Youth Experimental Farm Zht Eilang 6 Tibetans Tackie Romeo and Juliet* Lu Zhenjia 11 Into the World'Market Zheng She 6 from Music' (Lang Yuxiu) I'11 Never Retire 'Yang The Making of a Young Science Writer Shuging 11 Wu Yan 6 How I Took UP Writing Chen Rong 11 Youth Service Team in Shanghai Dong Xijian I Becoming a Writer Zhang Kangkang 11 Jobless Youth Start Small Businesses Early Instruments Live Again Yi Shui 11 You Yu'*^en 10 Pursuit Zhang Jie 12 Fudan University: New Clubs, New Ideas The Road I've Traveled Ye Wenling t2 Ding Rongsheng 10 Husband-and-Wife Design Team Jin Peiyuan t2 A Peopie's Cultural Center ," ,!i1"*"nrrnn CHILDBEN 12' Prize-Winning Poems I Boys Present Treasures to the ARTS and CRAFTS Three Tlbetan State 3 Purple Sand Tbaware of Yixing Mei Jianging .) Twelve-Year-Old Math Whiz Yangzhou Papercuts and Zhang Yongshou* How Do You Keep 4Bb Lions Clean? (Marctl Zhu Jiahua 3 Polo Bridge) I Seissors of Long Excellence Tang Qingzhong 5 Luo Conglin Saves a Train 11 Engraving on a Human Hair Chang Yi 6 Triplets Go to School 12 Changzhou Combs* Bu Zhongkuan 7 o Fuzhou Lacquerware Lin Lin,Wang Wei"zhong SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY Arturork frorn CandY WraPPers* Wang Chaowen o T]DUCATION jinan University Serves Overseas Chinese" Nong An Overseas Chinese University (Qudnzhou, National Meteorological Center Peng Xiancltu B Mu a Living Laboratory (Guang- Fujian)* Miao Dinghushan - I A Liberal Arts College Founded by the People dong)* Wu Hutmin Shen ZhiPing ReformJin the Academy of Sciences ti.Xun 11 (Amoy) University's Overseas Corres- China Launches Three Satellites with a Single Xiamen 12 por,rdence College Rocket Life and Work of a Primary School Teacher Li. Shuti MEDICINE Fudan University: New Clubs, New Ideas Heaith and Medical Briefs 1 10 ) Ding Rongsheng Encyclopedia of Chinese Medicine Li Jingu:ei' China's Traditionat Medical Science SOCIAL Ximen Lttsha 2 Facts About China's Medical Work 4 Horv One City Provided Jobs for A11 (Chang- Basic Keshan Disease; Pure Waterl Artificial , zhou) Yang Yanping Briefs: Rejoined Arm; Medics in Came- Why the New Marriage Lat*' Was NecessarY Vertebra; Tan Manni roun New Hope for NePhritis Fatients Finding a Wife,rHusband in Shanghai Zhutan You Yuwen I'i Leishi, Xie .-D,- IsS ilc No. ,[;. A Woman Pla-stic Surgeon HISTORY SERIES Liu Bing1qi, Zhong Tionlai 7 Meclical Care in a Shandong XXVIII Qing dyna,styt I Early Village politics Economy aricl Ximen Lushe B Jiaa ,J ian i How Barel'oot Doctor.s Ale Trained XXIX Qing dynasty: 2. Consolidating and Ximen Lusha g Defending thr: Multinational Chinir Do The,v Have thc. Secret o1' Long Life? .liuo J ian 2 XXX Qing dynasty: 3 Tlacirtional Ctrltur.e and 'Heaven)y 10 Hemp, (tianma ,,,. Clitical Ide s Jiart ,lion u ",..fu*11'-{ffi,]l dia) Liu Lusha I l Nelv Lives. Neu, Hope fol. the Mentallv Iil LEGENDS and HISTORICAI, TALES Ximin Lushn I2 bv Fenct Ttrng Pan Gu Mal pa.ss Gczhou Dam's 1-oq[ |{rr' 2 Inscrrption : Miniature Landsctrpes: Boats through Zhou Enlai Li Fen 10 in JaPan Exhibition HtLrt ,lianying 11 Safety Month: Animal Hu'sbandrl': Students at Wuxi Fish Center'' National girls lrom Xiniiang attending Summer Cattle I Trvo Camp f or National Minority Cizhou Kilns 10 Science Youth. Liu Chen 12 Ct.rmmunist Partr' 60th Annirrer'.sat']': Tabie: Tenni,s ChamPionshiP's 1l Inside Frorrt: ZhouYoutt'to L [,ushan Nlountai ns : Qr-ralitl' Tian Chi. at Urumqi in Xinjiang Scenes of the Stream Set Off Each Month t2 Red Rocks and Green Other (traditional painting. Shi Lu) 2 (\tr'oodcut' CHINESE COOKERY Clive the People Sotne Swee16s5-s Gu Yuan) 3 Xinj'rang Rice Dish t Forest Scene. Tianshan Mountains Apples in SPun Su$ar J He ChongYuan Mapo Beancurd 5 Gutianxi hydro-power station. Wuyi Moun- Bean Vermicelli n'ith Pressing ! tains Han Sandang 5 l,otus-White Chicken SIices I First high-Ilux nuclear reactot' Liu Zhibin b i1 Srn,eet-and-Sour Carp n'ith Deep-Fried Noodles Jinggang Mountain.s Cono Wenzhi I Riverside cuitural centtrr Ch'eng Mian o SKETCHBOOK 'Isles Immortals'. Huangshan Mountains of the q Wan-c1 TtttL.clrert 5 Sun Surian Innet- Motrgtrlia 10 Scenes Yang Zattsan I Imperial Galden in the palace Huo Jianying Country Wang Xinmin t2 Four Sketches Four ortisls 11 Morning on the grasslands lnside Back: COVER PICTURES Fuchunji.ang River. Zhejiang Wang Tianrui 7 Bridge on the main roa -7 - ,s & 'e Bei-jinq Eotanical Garrlen: lotuses grown from 1,000-year-old seeds recovered by archaeologists. Si-ghtseeing at the Great Wall. A chernical exDerirnent. Electnonics workshoo. Photot bt Liu Chen -Hua a mathematician and perhaps in this way make learned in class. She added that and _vice-chairman of .the Chinese some contributions to mankind." she had decided to beccme a Science and Technology Asso- biologist. ciation, inscribed a message From Pandas to Galaxies From the inhabitants of the for them remember: to "Wisdom Like all visitors, the students earth the students turned for a lies study genius just in is an were amused and delighted by the Iook at the inhabitants of the sky - knowledge." accumulation of antics of the pandas, monkeys and at the Beijing Planetarium. Their talks with respected - other inhabitants of the Beijing Planets, stars, galaxies, comets - scientists gave many students a Zoo. But this visit involved more never had the students seen thern new outlook on their own roles in than "monkey business". Stu- so clear'1y or thought about them Iife. Tibetan Basang Zhuoma and dents learned of the variety and so much. One student said" "So Bao Ying, a Mongolian, $,rote a origin of animals many of which joint statement proclaiming their they had never seen before. They determination to learn from the learned something of the biology dedicated spirit of the older of animal life, their place in the generation and study hard for natural scheme of things, and the the sake of modernizing the various forces that threaten the motherland. existence of some species. One thoughtful student who lives near the panda's natural homeland Botanical Science commented, "Promoting the re- production of pandas must be an Beijing's Botanical Garden, lo- important research item for our cated near scenic Xiangshan people, for they are a treasure (Fragrant Hiltr), has more than which is loved by all the world's 3,000 varieties of rare plants from people." five continents, including numer- The biological sciences al.so got ous trees and flowers from all a boost from a visit to the Museum over China. The students were of Natural History. Particularly overwhelmed. impressive was an elaborate dis- The Uygur students from Xin- play on the evolution of man, a jiang, Tibetans and Tus from the sequerrce that inspired a lot ot Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the note-taking and sketcLr-ing. Cai Mongolians from grasslands were Meishu, a Korean nationality particularly fascinated by the trop- senior middle school student said *li,l"r*.1+i*il,l"s : .,i ical and sub-tropical plants which that the museum displays had they had never seen before, and brought to life the things she had First plane ride, Jiana Durt immediately began to scribble the names in their notebooks. They were somewhat dismayed to learn that some 1,500 varieties of these Al the Museum of Naiural History. Jianq tr)uo plants were on display how could they possibly squeeze- all those names in? ;ii't:,;q&il Students of,the Dai, Lahu and r. iSti Va nationalities laughed at first these same plants grew wild every-- where near their homes in Yun- nan, and were taken for granted. But here they began to see the plants in a new light as precious Z:i objects of botanical- study. The teacher's discussion of plant genetics and the importance of botanical knowledge in agricul- ture, medicine and related fields impressed his audience. Lu Xiang^ cai, an Achang youth from Yun- nan, said afterwards, "There are so many plants near my home- town. I must begin to study them, DNCEMBER 1981 39 Great WalI is one of the wonders of human technology Most people know of its role as a defense against invaders from the north; tew realize that it was also de- signed to hold back the flow of sand shifting southward. The stu- dents came to appreciate the ex- tremely hard human labor needed to build the wall work that can be done much more- quickly and easily today by machines. Back in Beijing the group toured the Beijing Television Factory. where the automated assembly line for color television sets made a deep impression., Zhuang student Zeng Qilin had this to say: "Science can give us unlimited strength. How urgently our re- mote homelands need that Inrpromptu enl,ertainment at a suburban outing. J ttttte Dtto strength !" Wang Chenghong is a reserved young man of the Kucong nation- many fascinating things we don't from books. but because of a short- ality in hi.s f irst year of senior yet know about the heavenly age of supplies in their schools. middle school. Because of his bodies! So much to learnl" had had few opportunities to per- background. his educational level form actual chemical experiments. is not as advanced as that of many students in other parts of China. Technical Center This had bothered them very much. and they felt it had ham- but on this day he made a resolve. A highlight of the students'trip pered their studies. When they He would be among the first of his was a visit to Beijing's Western heard this, the Beijing students people to attend college. He mem- District Scientific and Technical immediately shared their chemical orized the words of the fact,ory's Experimental Center, a spare-time supplies with their new friends so deputy chief engineer: "In 20 years center for senior middle school stu- they could perf orm experiments I hope that all of you lvill be creat- dents interested in science. The back home. ing the technology that will make array of scientific instruments China one of the world's most ad- vanced nations." and materials delighted the camp Applied Science students. Their Beijing middle At the farewell party at the school hosts showed them magnet- On August 13 the young people Beijing Children's Palace, the at- gay ically-controlled toy animals and circled over Beijing in a Boeing mosphere was but thoughtful a rem 40 CHINA RECOJI{SI'RUCTS A People's Cultural Center in Dalian BAO WENQING and cuttulal and clapper=talk lestivals. There painter. Since 1980 he has won D ECREATIONAL said, "I've liked I\ in China help d,r three are exhibitions tlll paintings and i4 prizes. He has c"n'ters a boY. MY for the raise so- photographs. Admission is f ree, fine arts since I was things PeoPle; to send me cialist consciousness and morale' and because most of the iten-rs re- family couldn't afford provide rest aftet' work' flect life in factories and'villages to an art school. After I began healthY I got the and give people an opportunity to in a Iively waY, these are PoPular work in the shiPYard than The sent me take part in many dif f erent and attracl more PeoPIe Pro- chance to learn. YarQ activities fessional theatrical tr 42 CIITNA RECONSTRUCTS $lies high 1o delrlon- Wei Xiujin (risht) of the center's photographic section won Teacher lrom the cit]"s culture center ptlotographers, students. first prize in a contest .for Asian women sl,rale a leap fnr dance Fhotos bY Zhang Kaishun the student a'r't on display In The Dtagon Dance Ilevived of "the four oids.'' TodaY it has revived and is dtlne especialiy 1981 six graduates were admitted countY, 60 kilometers been Jinxian during the Spring Festival. to fine arts colleges Other good has 580,000 Irom Dalian, PeoPle. the 19 communes in art students were enrolled in is several Fourteen of The dragon dance the county have set uP cultural architectural or rnechanical drau'- old. During the Nett" centuries centers similar to Dalian's. Ail the ing departments of universities. other holidaYs, Year and Peasants communes have their own thea- Several hu.ndred amateur Paint- made colored dragon lanterns with 700 to 1.,200 ing groups in the citY have becrlme si1k, bamboo and wood. 'More ters, ranging from peasants have organized more active in the Past two Years than 20 people raise the lanterns seats. The under the principle of "letting a and go into the streets and lanes their own amateur theatr:ical and hui'rdred f lowers blossom and a with gongs and drums. SPertatot's troupes for operas, PlaYs hundred schools of thought love them. After the founding of dances. Admission is free' The contend.'' Seven painting exhibi- new China, Jinxian coLiniy's county has 142 film Projection tions were held in 1980. Their dragon dance won first Prize at a teams and at least two films are paintings were also sent to exhibi- World Yor-rth festival. This helped shown each week in the villages. tions in Tianjin and other cities- make the dragon dance f amous The communes' bligades have In the first half of tr981 another abroad, cultural rooms. Here the Peasants seven exhibitions were he1d. The 'cu)tural revoiution," watch TV, borrow books and About 2,000 paintings were shor't'n however. banned the dance as pal'1 study under special instructors. tr Dragon dance. DECEIUBEE T98I 43 New Women Vlriters - ll should I sometimes f eel so tired Pursuit before I am really old? Some days ago I suffered a small recur- ZHANG JIE rence of an old heart problem. I was in the street, only a short way from home, but could not make it AN is the soul of the universe reflect the writer's mind and I put a nitroglycerine tablet under so goes an old Chinese spirit. Musicians, artists and saying.- But sometimes they get my tongue and sat under a tree in writers alike "talk" to society pouring funny ideas. People travel through the rain. Sweat beaded their works. Perhaps my forehead, pain gripped thousands of miles to Shandong what drives them to work so me. hard, The sad sound province's Penglai Peninsula on draining their of raindrops beat- rninds and ex- irrg into the Pacific coast merely to see a hausting their bodies, a roadside puddle some- is loneliness, how mirage, and then write deeply felt the need to be understood by brought back to me all the sorrows poems and other pieces about this others. So much human misery is of my life. caused by lack of mutual under- But it also brought the memory of a ship standing; it seems to me the com- model I had once seen, a munication possible through litera- medieval ship that had oncq ture is one of the most important roamed the Mediterranean. It was things in the world. a gift from the United States to Literature has filled my mind Feng Jicai, the veteran writer. with ideas some of them not The day he showed it to me. he very scientific- or mature, some of said that if I ever visited the which have even misled me for a United States. he would give me while. But I have no regrets. Peo- the money to buy such a model. ple are not always obiective. They From the day we met, this friend are capable of blind self-sacrifice has always been able to read my in pursuit of what they love. mind. He had known immediately Literature has made me a person that the ship excitpd me as much of flesh and blood and emotion. as as it did him, making me think well as defects, and without this of pirates, freedom and the I would hardly have written a spirit of adventure, indomitable line. Leo Tolstoy once said to his exploration and pursuit. Was I a brother, "You have all the strong ship that had gotten stranded far points of a writer, but not that es- from the sea, able only to listen sential weakness of extreme to the call of the waves ? No: views." sitting under that tree, I refused 'lf to give in, to surrender myself to /fY writing rellects one o[ my some passive fate. Zh4g Jie. IYI aeepest unrealized ideals: , Whenever I am blue, I like to Life should become what human read over letters from my readers. beings wish it to be. Ah, but thing which does For a writer, nothing is more not really exist. couldn't it become so? Writing is Ordinary iife is not enough for worthwhile, more satisfying, than the most important thing in my being understood by his or her human beings; they seek more. life. Once believed was neither I I readers. And my readers are so When I first began to read, purposeful nor consistent, but like generous in their feelings. Some books were to me like that mirage, a dragonfly flitting from one thing. have written me, you something outside of life that to another. my "If ever Only through meet with misfortune, just opened new vistas. Like many work have I found myself. don't come I to us." Reading these ietters, other people, I often become so im- know about others, but feel that I I think: For whom mersed in a book that I regretted to really know one's self is very am I writing? For whom am living? having to leave this imaginary difficult, sometimes a lifelong task. I For my readers, of course.' For them I world and come back to daily life. At any rate, it has taken me 40 have to pursue Literature can do this for people, years, and though it comes late, I my calling, so that heighten real life, real emotions, relish this new, strong sense of I can say before I die, "I have in an incomparable way. And, as self. never lied with my pen." God is said to have created Adam A lifetime of large and small At Beidaihe in his own image, a writer's works frustrations ages one, else why JuIg 10,1981 44 CHINA RECONSTTT JTS to observe people and situations The Rood l'ye Troveled were invaluable later on when I needed to describe ordinary life in YE WENLING my writings. During this period I managed to write five more short stories, most of which were pub- DLANTS of the same species I might never have had the oppor- lished in Eastern Sea. -l- may resemble one another, but tunity to experience life at the Then I married, had a baby, and are never exactly alike. In the grass roots. Li.ving and working moved to Henan province, where same way, we middle-aged writers on a farm taught me much that I we lived at the school at which my have shared many experiences - could never have learned from husband taught. From the profes- particularly the grave interruption books. sional point of view, this was the of our life and work by the "cul- Being cut off from bookq during most depressing period of my life. tural revolution.'' But our stories the day only increased my passion I had no work nor residence per- are not identical; all of us traveled for reading, and every evening and mit, and as a young housewife mY different roads. For that reason other spare moment I spent in our only comfort was the school libra- the details of my own life, my own Culture Center's reading room In ry. So often was I there reading road. may of 'My be interest. pages torn from a notebook I wrote Iate at night that the principal home town is Chumenzhen, a short storv. "Xuemei and I." and sometimes mistook me tor a on a smali island off the coast in student. Zhejiang province. Its bounteous fish and rice nourished my body. I T the beginning of 1966 I got a while its green hills and blue fI ioU in the oflice of a district waters nurtured my spirit. As a people's committee in the city of girl I loved' the outdoor life Zhengzhou, and my life took a turn catching crabs in my bare feet.- for the better. But six months lat- climbing trees to pick mulberries. er the "cultuial revolution" began. But I also loved the regular read- For Chinese intellectuals this was ings in our Culture Center and the a real calamity, and even our small performances by traveling opera family couldn't escape its conse- troupes which rvere my first taste quences. The literary field was in of the arts. a shambles. I had little chance to In school I discovered I had some read, much less write, and my am- gift for writing when I won first biti.on lay buried like an ember prize in a composition contest. My under heaps of ash. teachers' personal interest in my By the end of 1968 I was work- work helped inspire a growing ing as a punch-press operator in a awareness of literature. I became Zhengzhou factory. Although I wasn't doing any intellectual work. so fascinated by the written word Ye Wenling. Chen Helti that even a scrap of printed paper I was happy at least to be contri- b5, the roadside wouid attract my buting to my country's , material attention. In 1955, when I was sent it to our provincial Iiterary wealth. At that time I already had thirteen and a second-year student magazine, Eastem Sea. After I three children. Every day, with in junior middle school,'our coun- had sent it off; I was astonished at my youngest in tow, I rode my ty newspaper published my first my boldness. I decided to expect bike the 20 kilometers to the fac- Work-a 1.O00-character short at most only a formal acknowl- tory and back. It's not easy to story. The praise of my teachers edgement that my manuscript had work in a factory and take care of and my schoolmates' awe set me to been received. But to my great a five-person family without help. dreaming: I would enter univer- surprise the story was published. But despite constant fatigue, I sity, study Chinese literature, and This was the first step on a wind- tried to read something every day. becomd a writer. ing road that would take me by I even read while I cooked. Sun- roundabout ways to my final goal days and holidays were usually too D UT life educates a writer more of becoming a writer. filled with work to spend much I) 16"n books. and my life was I was assigned different jobs: as time with my children, and I felt about to take a shape rather dif- a kindergarten nurse, a primary- guilty about this. ferent from my dreams. In 1957 t school teacher and a worker on a The years passed; the "cultural entered senior middle school. But state farm.' These constant revolution" ended and the intellec- soon afterward, as part of the anti- changes upset me at the time. I tual atmosphere changed. I began Rightist campaign, my father came telt like a blade of grass growing to write again. What I consider my under attack and I had to leave from a rock without water or real literary debut came in 1977. school. Looking back on it today, proper nourishtnent. But the op- My short stories "Danmei", "Snow I can see that without this setback. portunities these changes gave me (Continued. on p. 51)' DECEMBER T98T 45 r.' ilrt'n". 1 ru .Iieguzhen. a I.000-year.-old cornmercial (,enler. rgaO reach the Yushu Tibetan The plateau stletches out at one's kilometers. But the region has { Autr-.,nomous Pref ecl ure. the feet in every direction, a sea of certain natural advantages which highest pastoral land i.n China with grass dotted with flowers of every make it very suitable for stockrais- an average height of 4,000 meters eolor. Those specks of black and ing. and a great deal of scientific level" above sea the traveler starts white on the distant mountain planning has gone into deve}oping frorn Xining, capital of Qinghai slopes are yaks and sheep. Princess these resources to the fullest province, by .ieep. The 830- Wen Cheng of the Tang dynasty extent. kilorneter modern highway ri.ses (A.D. 618-907) passed through here One resource plenty ground gradually is oI to 3,000 meters above on her way to marry the king of water, which is essential both for sea level until it reaches the Tibet. and the traveler spares a grass and for livestock. Yushu pre- Flateau the Qinghai-Tibet - "roof moment to hope that her first sight fecture is the source of the Chang- of the world.'' Florrr there the of her new home was in the golden jiang, Huanghe and Lancangjiang road climbs steeply to cross the sunlight of high summer. rivers. There are large areas of highest pass of the Bayan Har marshes and lakes. In the spring 1,1[ountains, 5,200 meters ab Scientific Grazing Yushu's grasslands cover an area of 12,000,000 hectares, or 63.5 percent of the total area. But as prefecture head Yi Bengan points out, local people have virtually created this rich grassland with their own hands. Yi himself knows stocktaising inside out. A cowherd as a child, he was head i'T"' ' s*' CHINA RECONSTRUCTS ,,4i,., assi $d. ;"i Grazing sheep 4,000 meters above sea level. atr r i -' * Nlobile shop serves on-the-go herdsmen. g \filking a uik. \r rrrrnu pcopie rh,:-rw LrlT eririertl ian skills. of the prefecture's Animal Hus- long cold winters v,,hen pastures level and surrounded by moun- bandry Bureau from 1951 to just are limited, Iocal communes try to tains. The city is a thousand years this year, rvhen he became enlarge winter and spring pasture old, and has long been the corn- governor of the prefecture. He areas. prolong the growing seascns mercial and communications center participated in the reforms which on summer and autumn Pastures, iinking Tibet, Qinghai and took piace shortly after the found- and open up new summer grazing Sichuan. Over the past 30 Years ing of the Tibetan Autonomous lands. Because the western parts the city has grown a great deal Prefecture in 1951, in which the of the grassland were under- as new living quarters, schools, central government helPed local utilized, the prefecture organized hospitals and other institutions constructed herdsmen stand on their own feet three new communes, have been built, but the charac- roads, put up houses and and take control of their own land. and Pens teristics of the ancient city haven't in the area. The first stage involved state changed much. Along the streets sections of grassland are subsidies and loans to enable targe herdsmen on horseback browse fenced in by low walls of adobe animals and among stalls selling everYthing herdsmen to buy or wire rnesh. These Plots are organization and from ftashlights to Tibetan knives tools. Political specially kept for winter fodder. the abolition of feudal serfdom and iewelry. Every year communes Plant new Trade corporations headquar- f ollorn ed. grasslahds sections of artifiqial tered in Jieguzhen have established A major innovation was the in- selected seeds. using scientifically sma1l shops and commission agents troduction of scientific anirnal The new grasslands amount to manage- in the f ar-f1ung communes and husbandry and resource 20,000 hectares. CamPaigns about brigades. The agents Purchase ment. Chinese scientists heIPed and insect to eliminate mice Pests Livesiock products from brigades organize the local PeoPIe in con- preserve the grasslands. help and individual herdsmen, and in ducting four major suryeys of says, have had Yi Bengan "We daily neces- loca1 hydrology, geology, distribu- over the turn supply them with our ups and downs Past surnmer" when the tion of grazing land, varieties of 30 years, but in general we have sities. In al'e on the move with grass and stockraising methods. made great progress. Our Prefec- herdsmen mobile "shoPs" The surveys provided the basis for ture of 180,000 PeoPle now' has their herds, mounted on yak or horseback an overall plan for developing 5,390,000 domestic animals - about local resources. Without such a 25 perci:nt of the totai f or the follow them around. plan, pastures can become over- province. This is three times the Jieguzhen has a grorn'ing live- processing industry. grazed arid baren. With such a number of animals we had in 1950" stock products plan, Iocal people can preserve Every year Yushu suPPlies the A fur-processing factory produces present grasslands, develop new state with an average of 280,000 over 5,000 fur linings every Year. grazing areas, and greatly increase head of livestock, 2,500,000 kg. 'of A new meat-processing factorY the number of livestqck raised. sheep's wool, 280,000 sheePskins, was recently built with the helP The whole prefecture now raises 105,000 yak skins and 300,000 kg. of state funds. Now full-grown three to four crops of grass a year of yak hair." sheep can be processed and frozen on which herds are grazed in turn. on the spot to be exported to other parts or even abroad. Sheep are taken to mountain Commercial Center of China pastures in summer and autumn, This is a big improvement on the and back to the valleys in winter Jieguzhen, capital of Yushu Pre- old days, when sheeP herded to and spring. To make up for the Iecture. is 3,?00 meters above sea their final destination always lost In lestival dress. Crnwded but (ozy herdsman's tent. Phrrtos hq Chen Rinottt; g' DECEMBER T98I 49 a lot of weight aiong the way, and The family of Lhagba Zhaxi, sometimes died. who belong to another production team, are even better off. Family Herder Hospital/ity income iast year was 800 yuan, and their private Iivestock herd South of Jieguzhen and acr.oss a ineludes 20 yaks and sheep. Their gorge is Batang pasture. Here at tent is piled high with sacks of the foot of the mountains are six grain" piles of quilts and clothing. Temple of the tents which serve as herds- The farnily o\Mns a bicycle and a men's homes during the summer.. sewing machine. For the festivi- Nearby, yaks and sheep contented^ ties celebrating the 30th anniver- for Tibet's ly crop grass. Near one tent thr.ee sary oT the f ounding of Yushu children play with some young prefecture, Lhagba's wife has made lambs. A herd dog barks at the every member of the family a new set of clothes. intruders. A middle-aged herds- Han Prineess man comes out to see what a1l the commotion is about, and invites Grasslands Festival the visitors into his tent. To cily- bred eyes the tent looks crowded. A great day for the grasslands w-hat A pot of milk boils on the stove the 30th anniversary of - local people consider their made of stones at the center of the the tent. Eehind the door is a pile of Liberation from feudal oppression and the beginning a better life. dried yak dung. On three sides of there festival of the tent are heaped rugs which Every summer is a gathering featuring races, displays at night serve as beds. Various horsemanship, singing and domestic equipment, including of and dancing, but this year's is special. buckets of butter and cheese, are Herdsmeri from miles around in scattered over the floor. every direction have come to- The host, Soinam Gyaco, is 45 gether, setting up their tents and the father of six children. around the festival grounds. O1d Over cups of milk tea he talks friends meet and mingle; excited about his own famiiy's economic young people race about in'antici- situation. Since neither his wi.fe pation of the festivities. nor his eldest son are strong physically, The ceiebration starts with a his own regular respon- traditional ceremony cherished by sibility is to take care of w-inter all the local people whether or not pastureiand. Last year his family they have any religious senti- earned 300 yuan, plus two sheep. ments. Eour lamas in traditional into the arena on horses decorated 10 kg. oI butier and some cheese dress blow ceremoniously on long with flying red ribbons. First they demonstrate for each family member As a trumpets. Gongs and drums are theii' skills in shoot- sideline the {amily raised 11 milk beaten. A,n actor in the mask of ing from horseback. Next the yaks, 30 goats and 10 sheep. So a Buddhist elder performs a dance' crowd is treated to some trick riding, the family has plenty. to eat, but which expresses good fortune including picking up objects from the ground gallop. not much cash income. More dances tc the music of tradi- at a full At one point A strong young neighbor, Logo tional instruments follow. Tibetans Yi Bengan, unable Cering, is somewhat more pros- to resist the excitement, jumped to are iond of singing and dancing, his perous. He and four other young feet, made his way through the and every commune has its own crowd spectators men from different families have of and leaped amateur troupe. On this day onto a horse. The 54-year-old formed a work team in charge of aIJ per- they have sent their best governor's movements as he rode 150 yaks and 230 sheep" Each formers to take part in the celebra- year around the arena were as quick they are required to hand tions. One colorful number after and agile youth's. over to their production team as any An another is presented, to the delight observer could not help thinking 400 kg. of butter, 140 kg. of lvool of the spectators. that the "good Iortune" dance and 50 kg. of yak hair. They get Besides a number of horse races which opened festival was to keep the proceeds the from the for people of different age groups, truly a relic of the superstitious remaining products. year Last the herdsmen, like horsemen past. These people have made Logo Cering's four-person family everywhere, take pride in demons- their own good fortune through earned 600 yuan in income the - trating different aspects of riding hard and skillful efforts, and their highest among the 190 households skills. At one point a team of 50 future can only be brighter than of his production team. young horsemen and women pour their past. tr 50 CHINA R,ECONSTRUCTS top of the Tubo land, grow qingke (highland leaves. Across the rF O cemenl ties \ "ith are six carved Sanskrit I (today's Tibel). in 641 Em- barley), weave, make millstones, statues 'peror Tai Zong of the Tang treat disease and also how to scripts. - friendshiP There have been di{ferent viervs dynasty sent Princess Wen Cheng dance and sing A deeP and on whether or not ihe main statue Gambo (617-650) grew between the artisans to King Songtsen of the temPle coPied the features in response to hi's request for the Ioca1 people. of Princess Wen Cheng herself ' hand of a Han Princess in At Baiang a temPle surrounded by red walls was built in Tibetan Some sPecialists hcld that it rvas marrlage. supported possibly modeled after the princess head of style. Its three halls are Escorted bY Li Daozong, In front of because it looks verY much like and a Uy tour square Pillars. the protocol dePartment, are her when she was Young Accord- Prin- the hali where scriPtures Iarge roYal guard of honor, tables ing to historical records, anothel (now chanted stand six sacrificial cess Wen Cheng left Changan and unique Tang dynastY Priniess named Jin The painteC in beautifui Xi'an) via Qinghai for Tibet' Placed on them Cheng was sent to Tibet sixtY Cheng is Tibetan designs. temple to Princess Wen butter lamPs, hadas, food and years later to marrY Chidezugzain, 108 extant are the biggest one of the kinds of sweets. a grandson of Songtsan Gambo' journeY various relics marking her On the cl.iff facing this hali are When she arrived at Baiar-rg on her The temPle is in the Baiang nine huge Buddhist statues in journey, Princess Jin Cheng also Va1ley 20 kilometers along the relief, a1l shaPed in dignitY and ordered a temPle built as a me- Batang River south of Jieguzhen, vigor. The main image in the morial. Ancient Tibetan scriPts, of the Yushu Tibet- recorded dates so tar capital -iaat" is eight ineters high' AIl eulogies and an Autonomous Pref ecture, Pre- wear magnificent official hats and found in the temple are consistent cipitous peaks and a gurgling clear silk robes, characteristic of relief with those Preserved in the Mogao Etream make this an idYllic sPot' sculptures of the Tang dYnastY' Grottoes at Dunhuang. All the It is said that Princeqs Wen Cheng' Beneath each statue is a lotus relics belong to the Tang dYnastY' who rvas sincerelY urged to do so throne and behind each head a Since liberation in 1949, the by the local Tibetans. stayed brief- colorlul halo. On either side of temple to Princess Wen Cheng has ly at this During this time the grouP is a floral border'three been placed under state protection' Place. recently aliocated she is said to have ordered artisans feet wide in Tibetan Patterns' In Tlre government with her to carve between the main 20.000 yuan for its renovation and rvho had come the space to it for in relief on the cliffs' Buddha and those of the disciPles to repair highways leading scr;lptures of visitors an'd also had others teach the are carved bodhi trees, each with a the convenience She worshippers. u Tibetans how to open uP waste- root. two branches and alternate 1979 I was admit- those years is refiected in my writ- (Continued ftom P. 45) In September ted into the Union of Chinese ing of the past four Years. Two THE ROAD I'VE TRAVELED Writers and in November attended collections of mY works have been National Congress of published Fig, brought out on New Year's Eve" and "A New the Fourth -The Art Writers and Artists' Towar'd the by the Shanghai Literature and Year's Dinner" were Published one Deuoted Heart ft:om end of that Year l-.was given a job Press, and The after anothet irt Chtnese Litera- Hundred Flowers Literature Rest", as a writer attached to the Henan the ture. "The Fig", "Short Literary and Art Press. Two short novels Footsteps", "Water" and Provincial Federation of "Quiet was a wili come off the Press this Year' other works came out in various and Art Circles. I Profes- sional writer at last! I studied for A series of short stories about mY magazlnes. Literature home town which I began some Stitt tiea down bY factorY work a time at the Institute of run by the Union of Chinese time ago is becoming an imPortant and household chores, I worked n'riting. writing' Writers, anci treasured this oP- aspect oI mY harder than ever at mY I am 38 now, a middle-aged readers were full of portunity to learn after so manY Letters lrom woman. But mY heart f eels as encouragement. And mY work at- years of doing other things. young as the Pen in mY hand' The tracted the attention of other writ- I have than 20 have Passed road has been rough, but ers. My horizons exPanded as I ll I ORE Years i wish I and IYI since mv first work was Pub- never lost mY courage' began to meet other writers a sharP eYe for Federa- iished, but for half of this Period I may a1waYs have members of the All-China of life; I wish mY and Art Circles wrote nothing. The loss of these the kaleidoscoPe tion of LiterarY pen may be a kind of dig- to different of ten years was a grave misfortune small and to travel Parts ging tool with rvhich I maY uncover My , ValleY", on for me as well as for other writers China. "Quiet for my readers some of the beautY army life, won second Prize in a and artists. But in another sense, wasted. MY life in and signifieance of iife. I P.L. A.-sponsored comPetition. my time was not 5L DECEMBER T98T main grid of Beijing,s THEr ner,r. subway network lies under the city's ancient walls. The firsi . section, running 24 kilometers from the railway station in the east to the mountains in the west. was H$!mg Subway , completed in 1969. A new 16- kilorneter section. soon to be opened, begins at the railway ' station, circles north around the twcrk city under .its old gates and joins the previously buiit line at Fu- xingmen. Part of this line is now open. Domestic designed and constructed. this is China's first subway. Daily passenger load is expected to be ovet-500,000 people Architecture and equipment on the new section is more up to date. Six of its twelve stations ccrntain overcrosses. Escalators serve most oI them. The entire system is electronically controlled, operating conditions being accurately shorvn. on transmitter screens and direct radio transnrission used between traffic controllers and train drivers. Trains carr-y automatic control equipment enabling speed Fast, underground transporlation 1. to be reduced or trains to be Route of Beiiing Subwoy Jishuitan Gulou o'^l,tPJ:,o' !! @r o..l)n"# " " oonn,n,,., Chegongzhuang Q I I t *.\' -.$ ""s$- sv Beijing Bailway Station -d ss tOllll Second Stage of Construction (not yet operarional) r') \l(ttlt lJup h.t Ltto ,/tuqbLto CTIINA RECONSTRUCTS stopped automatically In emer- gencles The new subway is clean, safe. Husband-snd-Wi{e fast and comf oltable" Cats a,re air-conditioned, warm in rvinter and cooL in summer. Air circula- Desfgn Team tion is 350,000 cubic meters Per hour and temperature is maintain- JIN PEIYUAN ed ai 16"C. Trains and siations ai'e clean and bright. Architecture varies. each rFWO ol Shanghai's most out- It,E EANWHILE. Zhou's talent.s station having different shaPes, I standing textile designet's are IVI *"r" also winning rccogni- colors, inlaici columns, floors, Wu Zhenzi and Zhou Qin, who tion. A scarf pattern she had de- been husband and wite for signed after visiting a siik factory ceilings and lighting. The beautY, have many years and who also haPPen came to the attention of Presi<1err1 good is simplicity and taste to be deaf-mutes. Wu, 45, works Pang of Beijing's Insi;itute of Arts heightened by murals and cal- for Shanghai's Printing and DYe- and Crafts. He asked to see all her f.igraphy done by famous painters. ing MilJ No. 1. Birds and animals work. and then made special ar- Efficient, safe-, enjoyable travel is are his favorite subject matter, and rangements for her to studY at the the kr:ynote in Beijing's growing the bird he particularly loves has Institute as a post-graduate stu- she designed subway system, I given him a nickname the "Pea- dent. Some scarves cock King''. Zhou Qin- is now cm- as a sludent in Bcijing won a Prize ployed at Printing and DYeing Mill for excellence from the Chinese l'ur'hr.ogmen sta(ion. \tr/c/r0 \lr?i7r,?l No. ?. and is famous for her flou'er Welfare Institute for Deaf-I'4[utes. patterns. designs have won a The husband-and-wife designers . +r".".-!q Her number of "Hundred Flowers'' often exchange criticisms and sug- alvards from the Bureau of Textile gestions, spreading Pattern lndustry and the Printing and .sketches on a bed, hanging them Dyeing Company. on a wall. or even draping them Their home reflects their Iove of over their shoulders to studY the nature. They live in the bottonl eff ects and make improvements. story of a typical Chinese court- Both have won a number of "Hun- yard house in the Xuhui district. dred Flowers" awards. One of In the yard they grow flowers and Wu's designs Jeaturing a bird of raise birds in cages; inside the paradise was a best-selling pattern house are stuffed bird sPecimens on the home and foreign markets and goldfish in a glass tank. On f or some nine.years. Another was one wall is a peacock painting that a 12-yard-long pattern of eagles Wu considers one of his most suc- and flowers for a sarong design cessf ul works. It also won first ordered by an African customer. prize in an arts and crafts exhibi- When Wu shows the "I{undred tion for Shanghai deaf-mute artists. Fiowers" award certificate for this Wu Zhenzi was born into a four- design, he always claims, "The Wane Xinnlin The dispalch centcr. generation overseas Chinese family Rame on the certificate is mine. but in Indonesia. When he graduate'd the credit really belongs to the in 1956 from a deaf-mute PrimarSr two of us. Every new design either' school there, he had the choice of of us pt'oduces is the result of re- going to the United States or to peated study and consultation at China 1o study art. He chose home." China, and enroiled in the art de- To get the subtle coloring of pea- partment of the Shanghai Deaf- cocks just right, Wu mixes many Mute Technical School. There of his own paints. There is a color Headmaster Liu and teacher Bao on the market called "peacock Jingxian took the promising stu- blue," but the designer feels the dent under their wings. At the ready-made shade is too harsh and former's home he met classmate dull. He and his wife experiment- Zhou Qin, and soon the tu'o were ed with different color blends at married. home for a number of years. It took six years before Wu was sat- isfied that his paints could capture JIN PEIYUAN is a teacher ai Shanghai Deaf and Mute School No' l. the peacock in ali its glory. DECEMBER I98T 53 The coupie has two sons whose hearing and speech are normal. One i-s now in senior middle school" the other in primary schooi, and both are good students. When f. asked if they have any problems li',ing with dea{-mute parents, the boys cheerfully reply that they communicate easily in deaf-mute sign language. When their parents want to watch television programs, the boys aci as interpreters. U devotes much of his spare time to painting his beloved birds. His portfolio of bird sketches is more than a f oot high. For the past two years he has spent every day off either at the Shang- hai Museum. of Natural History or at the zoo. Even on workdays, he cften goes to the museum aft.er work and stays until closing time. When he is on the afternoon shift, he goes early in the morning and The paints right through lunchtirne. designers allvays consult one anol,her on new palterns, His work soon drew the attention and admiration of the museum rng an entrance fee and to eat in Wu's paintings staff, as illustrations; who arranged for him to the staff canteen. "If we ever pub- they are excellent.)' Zhou Haizhong come to the museum without pay- lish a 'book of birds,' we can use of the museum staff says. As part of their research for new designs, Wu and Zhou visit differ- Wu Zhenzi paints a peacock as his wile Zhou Qin and two sons look on. ent scenic spots every year: their Photos bg Ytt Xinbao fares are paid by their factoly units. Wu's last trip was to Leshan in Sichuan province, where he painted Buddhist statues. Zhau recently visited Heze in Shandong province to paint peonies. Every- where they go they collect plant specimens to take home. Every year both Wu and Zhou produce several dozen new designs which have great popular appeai. Wu's "Birds," a New Year picturex with a peacock as the dominant figure, has been published by the Shanghai Peop1e's Art Publishing House, and is deeply loved by rural people. Last year another recogni- tion of their excellence as designers came from their work units both were promoted from technician- to assistant engineer. [l *New Year pictures are a traditional rural art form usually colored wood- block prints in- designs that symbolize good luck and prosperity. Peasants hang them in their homes and around their doors at the time ot the New Year holiday. CIIINA RECONSTRUCTS i ^l-- + :,14 Trfpfets Go to School CAI QINGHE The triplets (first, second and third from left) in class. Headirg horne. Hu Qiang Zhu Guan,gcan J N Januarv, the hills and rivers the children's milk and sugar. It Wanding, a border town whose -E- of Yunnan are alive with also sent doctors to exarnine the 7,000 residents include PeoPle of singing birds and fragrant flowers. babies. Later on, the government Dai, Jingpo and Benglong na- By a roadside, a group of pupils sent over cotton quilts, woolen tionalities, had no school before exercising with their teacher on a b,lankets and clothing materiais for liberation. There are now nine small piayground catch the eye; the children. small primary schoois and two among them are three lovely Dai Last fall, when the triplets had middle schools in the town. boys all wearing red sweaters, blue just turned seven, Maihan happily Minority students get free tuition trouser-s, and peaked caps. They made three school bags on her new and textbooks, and some receive are 7-year-old triplets, first graders sewing machine and sent the boys stipends as weli. FormerlY, some at the Fapo Primary School, seven off to schooi. Of the three, chrldren couldn't go to school as kilometers from Wanding, a town Sanwang is the best pupil, and won they had to help their parents look near the Burmese border in the sorne books and stationery as after 1,heir younger sisters and Dehong Autonomous Prefecture of prizes after the semester. The first brothers. To solve the Problem, the Dai and Jingpo Nationalities. boys are active, and like to play the 15 villages in tlvo PeoPle's Sanbao, Sanbu and Sanwang are table tennis and climb poles" They communea in the Wanding area the sons of Shuaigen, a stone- are sturdy, healthy children, about up nurseries and mason, and his wife Maihan. average for their age in height and have set kindergartens. Maihan, the mother, greeted me weight, with the wishes of the in the family's bamboo house, Before liberation, the impo.ver- In accord groups, instruction in the raised on piles in a bamboo grove. ished Dais were illiterate from minority local Shuaigen, the father, was out at generation to generation. Today, lower grades is in the language is u,ork Maihan, 37, had just return- the 11 members of Maihan's family language, and the Han grades; €very ed from the fields, and treated us e1l have the opportunity to go to added in the higher to tea. school. If the triplets had been graduate thus is bilingual. Five When she gave birth to the born irr the old society, they would years of primarY school is now triplets, Maihan said, her friends most likely have gone hungry, and compulsory, and Wanding today and relatives all came to congra- certainly would never have dared has not only primary and middle- tulate her, bearing chickens and. to think they might go to school. school graduates. but also college eggs as is the custom. The local Eut there have been good harvests students. Fapo village, where the government soon heard the news, for years on end, so each member triplets live, already has 36 anrl immediately sent representa- of Maihan's f arnily gets, on primary school graduates. Some tives with her 4O-yuan subsidy for average, a 250-kilogram grain of them are studYing in middle ration per year, and the family school. AII 81 children of primary- are in CAI QINGHE is a reporfer for the gets an additional 400 yuan in school age in the village Xinhua News Agency. cash. school. tr DECEMBER 981 55 Hainan H!ilffi, tke Treasure tsEamd 0) WU TONG and ZHI EXIANG Sctutlr (.'ltitta Secr p)ASSING through Guangzhou Our two weeks on the island east Asia and Brazil and ideal I (Canton) on our way Hai- to confirmed our friend,s impression growing conditlons for tropical nan, we talked of the island with of Hainan's present poverty. a friend who had but to crops sr.lch as rubber, coconuts, been there. be truly objective we feel some- pepper, citronella, sisal and "Hainan is beautiful, Hainan coffee. has thing else needs t ",i ! The government mobilized the iocal people and sent in teams of ) CHINA RECONSTBUCTS L'*t- j- i ! Qinglan port. Huurtg l'ttrl:lttro Bustling Qionghai countv town. Palm-shaded Wen- chang county seat. Litt Ling j Picking coffee beans. Xie,/un ry ;".S q a, t rft Returned overseas Chinese at Xinglong f,arm lfon14 yirttttin Cultural perlbrmance at Xinglong farm. ll ,ttt.q \ittntitt ,l .'a "tl ;.h.* lii 4; ' Rutrtrer tapPing. ll irr,-' \iiirrrirr Coconut carving for the tourist trade. At the Dadonghai treach ll ttng Xittntiu ,.b &-* er,,. &-3 ' **r'i*+ :t3ur-1' d#: -1;:" land rei:-amation specialists. Over alone accounts for 60 percent of a perir.;rl of 30 years state invest- that land" ment in agriculture and industry Just in the short time since the totaled 4.33 billi<.rn yuan -.for new policy was implemented, over rvhich in return the. island has 10,000 hectares of larrd have been provided the country an abundance planted in rubber, coconut, pepper, oI coal, timber, salt. pepper. rub- pineapple and other tropical crops, ber', coffee and so on. Over 120 f ary a..* -. so quickly that a year's p1antin6l state farms (including land recla- 'ry] schedule was completed in just ',i {l mation larms and overseas Chinese - t; Li four months. Besides measures to farm-s). employi,ng 700,000 people , *..:-r ,}!.. {)-. protect the remaining tropical have been set up, a).ong rvith 308 [orests, afforestation projeets are cornmunes. Sotpe 14,000 kilome- proceeding on some 300,000 ters of highways have been built hectares of scrubland. Local mar- linking all but 6ng ver;l remote kets are flourishing, and people's commune. Iiveiihood is beginning to improve. But the pace of development was not fast enough either to ex- Patriotic Overseas Chinese ploit resources adequately or to raise people's standards of living Roughly 400,000 5.52 Zhott Zheng, Chairman of Hainan's of Hainan's as high as they rnight have been i; Overseas Chinese Associatdon. million residents have relatives raised. Hainan's potential produc- \Au Trtngl overseas. Many of the overseas tive )an'd is estimated at about 2 Chinese come from Wenchang million hectares, as now but of pace: people remained county on the island's east coast. only about 1.33 million hectares- and the poor. As local people say, "We've The county's present population is 64 percent have been reclaimed, had some bltter experiences.'' 460,000. while the number of Chi- while 0.67 - hectares lie idle. million nese overseas who call the county Last year a\rerage peasant income home amounts to nearly the same yuan. New Tropical Crop EmPhasis on the island was only 64 number. Hainan's sons and daugh- below the national average. A lesolution on Hainan's ters abroad have not forgotten Even before the "cultural revolu- economy placing primarY stress on their native'pIace" They have been tion" some ultra-Left. rigid think- tropica). crop,s and diversified concerned about its continuing ing influenced the policies govern- economic development was Passed poverty, and have welcomed the ing Hainan's economic deyelop- by the State Council in August new ecollomic policies. ment. The island's actual lesources 1980. The new policies have the Overseas Chinese have contri- and conditions \r'ere not only not firm support of the iocal PeoPIe. buted greatly to educational insti- exploited, they were sometimes To take cale of the local PeoPle's tutions and projects on the island. damaged and a lopsided emphasis grain needs, 225 million kilograms The new three-story science build- was placed cln developing grain of grain will be shipped to the is- ing connected to the Hainan Over- production which was not really Iand annually for the next five seas Chinese Middle School in Hai- suited to Hainan conditions. The years. The new policY makes good kou is just one example. Also in "cultural revolution" accelerated economic seRSe. Rorrgh calcula- Haikou, a group of overseas Chi- this tendency greatly. During the tions estimate the output value of nese have set up a scholarship early years after liberation, there orre mu (1;15 of a hectare) of rub- fund tor local youngsters to study were nearly 870,000 hectares ntrcEMBnn l98r til abroad. About ten are selected every year" A group of 13 students will soon leave for Japan, the first News Briefs Anirnitls and plsnts ever to study in that country. They - will major primarily in scientific and technical subjects, including have been on public display since tropical agriculture, Altogether July. there are now about 100 young Xiaohua i.s particularly tame people studying abroad under this and docile. probably because in the program, and they are sure to first weeks oI iife she was cared for by humans. She is sometimes play maior roles in the island's let out clf her ca.ge so that visitors economic development. can stroke and fondle her. Though At the invitation of a group of she has never bitten anyone. the overseas Chinese, Japanese ex- small cub regularly puts oR a perts have come several times to fierce expression, throws her head survey the island's resources and back, and lets out a squeaky little present proposals on exploiting the roar that would not frighten a rabbit This childish imitation of resources in a balanced way. Over- a "ferocious" lion naturally con- seas Chinese businessmen have vulses everyone who sees it. held a number of talks rvith local officials on joint investment and Feifei with her three male cubs. compensatorv trade. two areas Peng Zhortgclinll which will undoubtedly be in- creasingly important in rebuilding Hainan's economic structure. The Iion 0uintuplets patriotic concern of these people I T the Tianjin Zoo on May 22 who are lar from their homeland /a- oI this vear the seven-vear-old has won wide public acclaim and African lioness Feifei bore five the support of the government. cubs at once. an event since the We visited Zhou Zheng, chair- usual litter is between two and man of Hainan's Overseas Chinese four. One died soon after birth Baby lioness Xiaohua. Peng Zhangqins Association. a deputy to the Na- because the mother has only foul nipples. vets placed the tional People's Congress, and him- Zoo weakest of the remaining four, a self overseas an Chinese who has female named Xiaohua (Small 'l(ing' Azalea located returned to the homeland lrom Flower) into a constant-tempera- Thailand. He told us, "Overseas ture incubator for special care. f N August oI this year. a grove Chinese love their homeland. The The' other three. all male, were r oI the rare "king" azalea was number returning to visit is in- healthy and sturdy from birth. discovered in the Gaoligong moun- tain region of northwestern Yun- creasing every year. Though they The four cubs and theil mother nan province. Bef ore liberation are happy to see the progress we some foreign botanists had obtain- A 'King' azalea. Yattg Zenohono have made in thirty years, they ed specimens of the "king" from are also concerned about the rela- this same region, but up until now tive backwardness and poverty. Chinese scientists had been unable They see clearly the island's po- to locate more- tential in resources and manpower. Tallest of the tree-growing azaleas, the "king" azalea tree can and are eager to contribute what reach 2A meters in height and they can. This patriotic enthusiasm two meters in diameter. When in is warmly welcomed, and needs to blossom it is covered by umbrella- be encouraged. We are firmly re- shaped groups of 10 to 25 bell-like solved to carry out conscientiously rose-purple flowers. the state policies which call for The new grove was fciund by just and generous relations with Feng Guomei and his co-workers at the Kunming Botanical Imtitute our overseas Chinese brothers and after a tip from local peasants as sisters." tr to its approximate location. tr 62 CHINA REC$}fSTRIICTS LINDBLAD TRA'EL famous for originating new travel destinations is now operating 2 outstanding tours designed to give an intimate glimpse of life in China today! g }}''Xffif€/ d fq^'t x#4v4,#*ffiM%F Cruise the Yangtse aboard Travel on China's ancient M.S. KUN LUN GRAND CANAL Aboard the M.S. Kun Lun. a vessel accommo- Lindblad Travel has inaugurated a truly fasci- dating 36 passengers in stately comfort remi- nating tour on that ancient waterway. The niscent of the days and life aboard the Atlantic Grand Canal. It takes us from Suzhou to luxury liners, you can tmly see China first- Yangzhou through Jiangsu Province and its hand. From Shanghai to Chongqing you visit gorgeous cities, Wuxi Yixing, Changzhou and many sights along the shores of China's lon- Zhenjiang. Life on the canal is erciting, ever gest waterway, The Yangtse River, the high- changing and a perfect way to get a look at life Iights of which are the Yangtse River gorges. as it is lived in China today. Either way, please contact Lindblad Travel at anY of these locations. LINDBLAD TRAVEL, INC. 2010 Swire House 9 Connaught Road Central Hong Kong B C C Telepnone: (5) 263-356 Telex: 66151 LINDBI.AD TRAVEL, INC. LINOBLAD TRAVEL, INC. LINDBLAD TRAVEL, INC. VIVRE INTERNATIONAL 8 Wright Street, PO Box 912 92 Montague Mansions P O Box 5067, FDR Station ABAI Building Westport, CT 06881 USA London, \ /1 H1 LF, England New York. NY 10022 USA 7-7 Honshio-Cho Telephone: (203) 226-4189 Telephone. 01-935-4208 Telephone: (21 2) 7 51 -2300 Shinjuku-Ku r .Telex: 543443(WU) Telex: 912 881 Ielex 234980 Tokyo, 160, Japan Telephone: 03-357-0241 Telex: 24840 ,4.utomaled hiscuit production lint a( Beijing Food Products l-at'tory No. t. ,4,ltunt1 Irnrtdt' China's Prepared Food Industry LI ZHUOYING and LI CHUANG /\ FiINA S prepart,d lurrd in- iiang and Jilin pr-()vinces. f or dish Horr"'evet'. the. rvjne is a neu., \-r du.stly devehrped well in rhe eixampie. approprj.ated 150, million achievement in the rapid develop- 18 yeari after liberation in lg49- yuan for sugar tactories In Bei- ment rrf Ch.ina's plocessed fi;rxi In the next dozen years. however. jlng, new processed tood tactolies industrv it was s1,;rwed down by an er- now equirl those previously At presenl China has 1.2 miliion toneous emphasis on plttduction con.\1ructed. ivolkers in fooci processing plants- not particularly related to the peo- It has 150 canning factories.500 ple's daily needs and by tht Better Products .sugar relineries and 1,500 mediun'r "government's neglect of invest- to ,largc blelvelies. Since 1979 menl in .lortd ptoduCliorr. China is noted foi' its processed hundreds oI net' iood products AIter the reaclj ustment ol' thi: nreats. eggs. rnilk. -q,eafood. canned harre appeared the result of q()od economy in 1979. the state slressed rjoods. c{)ndimenLs. sweets. pickles. ccxtperati<-rn beLween- l'ood in- the production rif consumel goods. c;rnd:r'. biscuit.s irnC various kincjs dustries at the central. province investment f 64 CHINA RECONSTRUCTS together had produced only 3,500 This was a major measure in normal temperature if the seal rs kilograms a year. Today the developing the convenience foods not broken. peopls A new dehydrated rice from f actory- puts out 1?0,000 tg. in industiy. Many spend over b0 varieties. Strangely three or four hours a day buying Wuxi in Jiangsu province can be enough, the syrup not only re- food and cooking. It is especially eaten after boiling only a few IieveJ coughs but stimulates the a burden for working couples. minutes. Plastic packaged sweet people from Beijing can be stored appetite^,it" and moistens the skin. Quick-serve foods free corn Beijing Food Products from such work. Since 1979 China for half a year. Puffed grains so Factory No.- 1 manufactures has brought out'over one thousand packed are very popular with Western-style candies but also such food items, including noodles. northerners. Quick-frozenhuntun' biscuits, egg rolls and children's rice, vegetables, soup, dumplings, or dumpling soup, from Shanghai foods. Chen Shikuan, vice-director shaomai and puffed grains. and quick-boiled noodles from of the factory and gr,aduate of the A quick-serve rice from Shang- Beijing are in great demand. Engineering Institute in hai is made in a combination of Experts point out that there Light in Shantor.l in Cuangaong province, good-quality rice, meat and vege- are stil many difficulties reports that out of 2b3-f*d. th"y tables. It is sealed in thin plastic deveioping convenience foods in problem is the -ik", 118 were new in the last cups, plates or bags that r'esist China. The key three years. As the demand for high temperatures. Each weighs high cost of packaging. Lowering frign-quality foods has grown, im- 150 grams and costs 0.4 yuan. They the cost will increase their p."orem"nt of quality and increase can be kept fol' seven days at demand' tl in variety were achieved through new technologY and exPloiting new materials. A children's shop along Nanjing Road in Shanghai. -Yinhta Not loRg ago children's food developed by the Shanghai Food Products Research Institute ranked first at a meeting for evaluating children's nutrition held bY the United Nations ChiLdren's Fund' The formula contained soYbean' egg yolk, liquelied starch, calcium' phosphorus and vitamins' Processed foods have had a big increase in outPut and qriaiitY' Gross output value in 1980 in- over 1978. creased bY 20.4 Percent -oils' while that of meats, edible wine and milk Products rose 32 percent, of which the increase in milk products was 64.7 Percent' Gross output value in the first half of 1981 rose 8.1 Percent over that of the same Period last Year' past years more than Shanghai's Gaoqiao Provisions Shop does its o\r'n produttion and markcling' In the two Xinhua 120 kinds of wine, candY and tinned foods won high-quality cer- tificates issued by the Ministry ol Light Industry and high-qualitY awards given by the state. Convenience Foods Sealed foods in soft Plastic bags is a new product. One of these was put on the market for the opening of a China National Food Association meeting held recently. Of attractive design, the bag contains a fragrant mushroom ,t,lz'^ and meat paste of delicious taste and go6d color. It can be stored for one year and bear 50 kg. of weight without breaking. DECEMBER T981 q"j'? Beijing lnternatiorinl f,larathon Race chcer the runners good strart' Htto J ionglyittg Happv spectatots Off to a along. IItt,' Jta'ttti't,t to 1Oth places went to Go Chu Sen O \ :i'J- :T'il#Jlii"'"",i' 3,H: (D.P.R.K.),'2:16.25; AgaPius Ma- thon race in Beijing, the first in its song (Tarzania), 2:16.351 SugaYa history. Of 75 comPetitors, 23 came Hisaji (Japan), 2:17 301 Chuck Finland, (U,S.A.). 2:18.72; Oku- from Australia, Canada, Hatterseley e Italy. Japan, KenYa, NorwaY, the bo Hatsuo (JaPan), 2:lB-29:' Baruf- s, Democratic People's RePublic ot lo Tommaso (ItalY), 2:18.53: and Korea, Sweden, Tanzania and the Fukuyama NagaYasu (JaPan). United States. and 52 from China. 2:20.27. Sweden's Kjell Erikstahl crossed the finistr- line first with a time of and third Sweden's Kiell Erikstahl is lirst across 2:15.20. Second Place the tinish line. \l'ttttr/ llotrrr,t tttt l'ofi lour rornpe(itors (from lett to wjnners were Inge Simonsen righ!) displal' their trophies. Thou T'ierio (2:15.51) of Norway and Li Jong Hyon of the Democratic PeoPle's Repubtic of Korea (2:15.52). Fourth The marathon ha.s not been knou'n long in China as a sPorts s event and training is not, ye1 well r-d done. Chinese times were far" -short Peng Jiazheng Zhang Lianchenlt of standard, Only and Yang Lin placed at all - Peng 15th at 2:26.0J and Yang l8th at 2:27.53 Beijing watchers along the course numbered nearly a million, cheering the runners with great enthusiasm. Erikstahl of Sweden told reporters, "The wind was too : " a r.,,'.,,r,.,i,miii,'r +{}{{1 r, tigi{L{' { $ | 9$'i I r tt strong to allow me to break mY best time" But the crowds were tremendous. They were iust fantastic !" The Beijing International Mara- thon Race will now be held annually. tr CIITNA BECONSTRUCTS Subscription Campaign for 1982 (Yalid {rom Nov. 1, 19Bt to Feb. 28, 1,9821 Subscriptions for 1982 to the following periodicals are aceepted NOW Title Periodicity One year subscription rate US$ DM Beijing Review (English, French, German, I FF 13.50 24.04 Japanese, Spanish) Weektry 6.80 57.00 China Pictorial* Monthly 10.00 5.00 43.00 18.00 China Reconstructs (Chinese, English, Monthly 7.80 3.90 33.60 1.4.40 French, German, Portuguese, Arabic & Spanish) Jinmin Chugoku (Japanese) Monthly 7.80 3.90 33.60 t4.40 El Popola einio (Esperanto) Monthly 6.00 3.00 26.40 10.80 Chinese Literature (English) Monthly ?.80 3"90 33.60 t4.44 Litterature Chinoise (French) Quarterly 2.60 1.30 11.00 4.80 Chinese Medical Journal (English) I\{onthly 39.00 19.20 168.00 72.00 China's Foreign Trade (Chinese, English, Bimonthly 9.80 4.80 41..40 18.00 French & Spanish) Women of China (English) Monthly 7.80 3.90 33.60 14.40 China Sports (English) Monthly 7.80 3.90 33.60 74.40 Social Sciences in China (English) Quarterly 26.00 12.80 112.00 48.00 China's Screen (Chinese, English, Spanish) Quarterly 4.00 1 .90 16.80 7.20 China Philately (English)*t Quarterly 4.00 1.90 16.80 7.20 Notes: This price list is suitable only for Europe, North America, Oceania. For other areas there are iower subscription rates. **New periodical starting publication in 1982. *Available in Chinese, Arabic, English, Fredch, German, Hindi, Italian, Japanese. Korean, Mongolian, Rumanian, Russian, Spanish, Swahili, S,rredish, Urdu. AII these periodicals are exported to all parts of the world by GUOJI SHUDIAN. Souvenir for subscribers: A {ine Chinese painting calendar of 1982 for every subscription. Special rates for subscriptions entered during the Campaign & for }-year or 3-year subscriptions. Gifts for subscription-introducers: Book-tokens (with which to get Chinese publications free) or other articles. How to subscribe: Readers abroad are requested to enter their subscriptions at local agents or write directly to GUOJI SHUDIAN, P.O.Box 399, Beijing, China. Readers in China (including foreign or- ganizations, embassies, experts and students) are requested to enter their subscriptions at post offices all over China. Travellers in China may contact the China International Travel Service. Delivery: These periodicals are published in Beijing & Delivered to aII parts of the world. Sea-mail postage is free, but air-mail postage is to be paid. (Air-mail postage is free ONLY for subscriptions to Beijing Review.) General Distributor: GUOJI SIIUDIAN, China Publications Centre, P.O.Box 399, Beijing, China. Legends and Tales from History founder of the dynasty, curbtng the flood waters that had ravageQ the land. Jie should keep in mind',, Tyrant, Last Xia how hard his ancestors had worked' the lting ol to establish the dynastY. the min- "lie ister said. otherwise the countrY WEI TANG was doomed. Jie flew into a rage r and ordered his attendants to wrest the scroll from Guan and Tf.lALES that have grown up ped the technology of his day and. throw it into the fire. Guan con- I about Jie. lasl king o1' the Xia it is said, was built so high that it tinued to argue with Jie until he,,i dynasty (c. 21st - c. 16th century seemed on the verge of collapsing, was taken out and beheaded. / B.C.), picture him as highly so was called Qinggong - the Tot- After that Jie became even more intelligent and immensel;y strong. tering Palace. Later historical arrogant and self-willed. In fits able to subdue wild beasts and accounts describe it as being ex- of rage he would decree cruel straighten hooks of, interest- tremely magnificent, with cor- punishments for innocent people. ingly enough. rron. with his bare ridors inlaid with ivory, beds of such as having their noses or feel jade, pillars, assert his ab- hands, He made continual fcrrays white and painted cut off, simply to into neighboring States. In the carved beams and tapestry-hung solute authority. people hated Jie. state of Youshi (in today's south- windows in all of its innurnerable The of Xia himself to ern Shandong province) to the chambers To further embellish Since he had Iikened his palace, Jie ordered his vassals would to the east of Xia was a woman named the sun, they Point gathel send him rrre sun and say, "When will You Meixi famed. for her beauty. He to and treasures. and to select the most perishl Let it be soon, even if it invaded Youshi and forced it to beautiful women from among the means that we perish with You!" surrender her. Then he mounted populace to live in it. Of dancing Meanwhile the new and Power- an expedition against the state of girls alone. he had some 3,000 The fut Shang state had risen. Its Minshan to the west (in northertr book Biogrophies of Fomous Wom- luler Tang, who is Pictured as an province) made pay Sichuan and it en written by Liu Xiang in the upright man. had united several huge in gold and him a tribute first century B.C. relates that Jie tribes. Jie's dissipation made Xia precious give stones and him two had a pond big enough for rowing a prime target for conquest. beautiful maidens, Wan and Yan. boats dug in his garden and lilLed A great battle between Xia and He also conquered the state ot with wine. He ordered chunks ot Shang took place at Wutiao, north (southwestern and Min Shandong), cooked meat stacked on the sur- of today's Kaifeng in Henan Prov- enslaved its entire population. rounding hillsides and tasty viands ince. Jie remained arrogant and In his own country, Jie made hung on the trees. Here he sPent autocratic up to the time of his hi-s subjects build lavish palaces his days carousing with his beau- demise. Believing himself to be and places of entertainment f or' tiful women. invincible. he did not .take the im- him, One palace almost outstrip- In his dissipation Jie paid no at- pending battle seriouslY. In fact, tention to affairs of state. He once he took along manY of his beauti- spent more than a hundred days in women and continued his rev- An old stone carving shows King Jie ful riding on trhe backs of lwo of his un- the depths of his palace without els at the front. On the daY be- lortunate subjects. seeing his ministers, who were fore the battle he told them, "This highly incensed. One of them battle will be even more fun to remonstrated with him, saYing. watch than a hunt. I'1I take You "The kings and emperors of o1d along. I've never been defeated." have always husbanded the But things turned out contrarY strength of their people. Your to Jie's expectations. Soon after luxury and extravagance will cer- the battle began a heavY storm tainly bring about the downfall ot blew up and the Xia forces, whose the country." Jie merelY laughed. training had been neglected, fell "Everything under heaven belongs into confusion. The Shang forces, to me," he said. "And I am like on the other hand, fought with the sun in the sky. Will the sun dogged perseverance. Jie, watch- ever be extinguished?" And he ing the battle from a mountain went on with his carousing. top, realized that he had lost and Another minister named Guan ordered a retreat. Tang Pursued Longfeng, sickened by his mon- the fleeing Xia army all the waY to archrs behavior, went to him a few the Xia capital. Jie was forced to days later with a scroll on which flee, but was captured bY Tang was painted a portrait of Yu, and kept in exile till he died. tl 68 CIIINA RECONSTRUCTS ffi HUANG WENYAN Lesson 12 A Lette-n Bll i' .-4. {t+t, -a 4+ +e ,fr, Mingw6n: Ma k4 yi ge wAwa, qi de tA juEzhe zui, dnjie Mingwen: one doll, angry she pout lips. Everybodl + 1i ll( ,'l 1, &?{+ tt hl X. 1+ frLt frr,+ !" l*di xin sh6ir diro le, ginxii ni de xiAo de diui d6u t6ng le. (Your) letter received, Thank (for) your laugh (till) stomach hurt. r;l 4,*., ;t 6 .&- ri E li , ie- lh + *\'ltt tr ttL )L E1l iF-lg., rl5 ,'l wCnhdu, m6iydu jlshi hui xin, xiing ni hui W6men -yi zhi wdnrdio shEnyi, linbi6 regard. not timell, retum letter. think you wilt We straightaway play to midnight. near leave h1J fr1 Rif, " rt4'* ,ltt +ft+ 1,) *. * t. de de shihou yuEhlo xinnidn diro w6 jie 6i, :ff::*- tirne agree (at) New Year to my house come lR tr h +T ,q? ,ti Ell .f,i jinlAi& t+ r-k i, lh hV *,4r. *\,fit + A Ni sh6nti hio ma? gOngzud ming Mingw6n, ni n6ng lAi ma? Wdmen d6nphe ni." You recently body well? Work busy Mingwen, you (are) ,l'? can come? We expecting you. J\ *l\ lk *1, ii T ,.L. * x *\"ftt ,qs. fy< lt-" bir mdng? -lnyiqii 4. T ? ^ Wd d6u h€n Mo, qing bi bi Zubtiin wdmen h{i zhiole h6ndu6 xiing. not busy ? I ever-vthing all very, well, please don't Yesterday we also took many photos ,iL '['g A" *t v\ E tr + |tr., {_ -it i,tr diinniirn. Xihio yihiru ji g6i ni, y6 rdrng ni be concerned Develop after mail to you, also let you a+*- ,l*,f_ k *i€f" J\ 6 i + , Fl Br 4 t+ 1,?, 1+ Ztdtidn shi Shingdirnji6. W6 y6u yi ge fEnxilng kuiilC, tdngshi ji gEi ni yi jiAn Yesterday is Christmas I have one ^ share happiness. at the same time mail to you a ,1" E nn L / rE {qr. +&. i+ d. fio ,f .,f. ai f. 4+ *fT+ h,J iL4h p6ngyou 6, h " wiigud jiio Lindr. TE qing wd hd, xiAoxiio de ddngxi, zudw6i Xinnidn de liwi. foreign friend named Lina. She invite me and tiny, tiny thlng, serve as New year's present /L /F nn L ,'l +u aF _e. *. *\lit tL )L 1 , E t ,it 4\ tE rfr *./\ tt, ji ge pCngyou dio te nAli qu. w6men wAnrle Bn du6 xi6 le, qing dhiw6n ni irir6n Mo. several friends to her there go. We played ^(I'll)not more write. Please(forme)ask your wife well t aLL" fi'a t,tr ,frfi" + ti, fr i[" yi ge winshang. xiwirng ni ctdngchang l6i xin, ziri t6n. one eventng. Hope you often send letter, (and we) again discuss. FF-lqt + 1 l* &i,€ixt , +rt i in th Lind ndngle yi k6 shingdinshir, shishing Z,hn ni Lina make a Christmas tree, tree on Wish you fLA * ff t,iLJ,o, aC #,-L 1 #t+ ,l*,6 guizhe gi zh6ng ^iLzhihuji h6 lipin, l6i zhulingshhngte XinniAn kuiril6 hang various kind paper flower and presents, also install New Yeal happy. *, A,'ItiQ," *\,ftt ruf ,t i*-.fr+l\, *4i i+ disd d€ngpiro, Wdmen ji ge r6n zutr y6uxi, m6nghir Fling Hud colored' bulb. We several people play games, blindfold Fang Hua Hf.Efr 6tr 1981. 12. 26 Ii +itfrf + lL.fl lHr,l iLt l December 26th, l98l yinjing dio shirqiin qt m6. W6 mOdio de liwir eyes to treefront go feel. I touch prcsent Translation fr*t, ,J.-L Mingwen: zui fr*tLl X )flEl hlo, gEoxingjfle." Xiio W6ng zhi m6dio I received your letter. Thanks for your rdgards. I didn't most good. (I) happy exrremely. Little Wang only touch reply right away, thinking you would understand. Have you DECEMBEB T981 69 been well? Are you busy with your work? Everything is fine occurred in the past. Wdmen zhirole hindud xiing with me. r\'in.qp. 1 lk7 4& (We took manv photos). Shing- Yesterday was Christmas. I have a fbreign friend named Lina" 1 She invited me and a few other friends to spend the evening at dirnshishing zhuingle clisd dEngp]ro. &?€+d]t her place. Lina had a Christmas tree trimmed with all *1 &,'ilt;Q, (On the Christmas tree were installed kinds of paper flowers and colored lights and hung with presents. colored light bulbs). We played games. We blindfolded and went to the Christmas The character 1 is not added in all cases tree Each one got the first present he touched. The present past emphasize that that I got was the best and I was very happy. Xiao Wang got only of action, but only to a doll. She gave an angry pout We all laughed till our sides action has been completed. Therefore f is not hurt. used with the negative form. We went on till midnight. lVhen it was time to say good- The negative form of the above sentences is: go house Year's Day. Ming- bye, we agreed to to my on New (We didn't wen, can you come? We'll be looking for you. Wdmen m6iydu zhiioxihng *\'fn,q. A,sP.'f& Yesterday we took many photos I'll mail them to you take photos). Shingddrnshirshing m6iy6u zhulng when they are printed and let you share our good time. At clisd dEngpio *$+tt Li\fr.*-+) A,'t'r iL. (The the same time I will mail you a little something as a New Year's Christmas tree was not installed with colored present. lights). I won't write more. Please give rny regards to your wife Hope you will write often so that we can keep in touch. 3. The verb jiiro ,'l (call) for naming things. Wishing you a happy New Yearl W6de p6ngyou jiiro Lini & 61flrJ.&-'i EF'i4t (Mv Fang F{ua friend is named Lina). December 26th. 198 I Zhi jino yizi, nir jiiro shafd ,*4lt A , 11]r- 'oi i)' ti Evcryday Expressions (This is called a chair, that is called a sofa). t. & E+ jishi within appropriate time Zhi ztd shfln jiio Em6ish[n &EJr'4tht6Jl & st @,8 jishi hui xin reply letter very soon (This mountain is called Mt. Emei). fr-E++firrt jishi bdngzhri give help in time Exercises jishi il"kil+ hEn right on time l. Ansrver the following questions in Chinese: 2. f- zhuEng install, put up (l) How do you tell someone that you re- zhudngshing d€ngpio install (elec- ,€-Lfr,A ceived his letter ? tric) bulb (2) What is often written at the end of a ,Fl zhudngshing kdngtiioqi install *t. A 75 letter ? conditioner air 2. Fill in the blanks with le 1, zhd E (Lesson 7) 3. ,*. diin to light or gud it (Lesson l0). diin dEng to light a lamp ,F-;tr (l) tLE Xi";f I , & L tL-t- -v *.&' ,F^n6 di6n li to light a candle (2) d.itiI.:\-4+ +ts" diin hud to flre ,*. r( light a (3) }r€+t-LJt *fi zkfa. yduxi game 4. itit\ Read the dialogue: zud yduxi play games l*-itit\ A . i\"+|fia1|i ,fr/l*-,.li1 ,q? 5. l}4" fEnxiing share B . }l(4,1 i , &t+t4fi 6i lE 4*" + +,1* f. fEnxiing kuirild share enjoyment A, ,f,f fr-*-htFE^tt? ht++rt f6nxidng xingfri share happiness B " lkfi" ff'ro? Notes A . ,-i.&lRit . l'tr, a-4+ 'ttr 6 ti ? 1. Beginning and ending a letter. B. n.*.,Ii. For the salutation, usually only the person's A. F? n.&.&i{fi, t,?*-EAttht? name is used, not 'Dear . . .'" A common con- ts . +i" 6 AnA L,,l Efr #,F, *uttr\. rt" Lt -+rl g+ti- clusion is Cizhi jingti ,tkI(;lt?L (With salutations). nn L tl +*, fl$ T - +afr,-L" l*,ii! t\, A frequent last sentence is the phrase Bi dud l&a €,s. xi6 le, ziti thn T, 7 5 1 , +rf" (l won't write more. A. &.fl Altil\? We'll be in touch). Note that the character T. B . EFJnrt# 1 -+* *i*.+tt, +tt I )L A *'rf #,, which has several other uses, is used hero merely ilzfi"iLi", *.fi*iEE&ffi-*i*, k4 X4+ for ernphasis than completion of flLA*F,t+ T rather action" " 2. Showing completed action with f le. a. ff+4i:.ft]iB€-zit? Chinese verbs don't change to show tense, but B " ,l5 r'l 6t Et44+.( t1 ,1*? $ + xafri 11 1'.8 the character T le added after the verb to show *, 'f,idl+,st cornpleted action helps indicate that the action A . 4" XA En 1b-l J{,-rL, ft . CIIINA BECONSTBUCTS 70 b**r "..:i '{rdr: "r. e"lqrf i I The Wanlo(ang Grottoes were built against the sides of Mount Fushan The grottoes feature elaborately earvr.d the Daling River. figures ancl colorful frescoes. habited by statues of the Buddha also weathered. Examined care- O " ' f,:1'^'::";"lJiH"',,:J sitting, on thrones set on bases of fully, however, the frescoes can three":i"ffi are well-known Dunhuang lotus flowers. be seen in different styles. Flying in Gansu. Yungang in- Shanxi and In the centbr of Cave 5, an goddesses dance gracefully in the tongmen in Henan province. Less image of Sakyamuni is mounted frescoes as they also do in some weli known are the caves at Wan- on a square altar, holding a golden carvings. These latter were done f otang (meaning "Ha1l of Ten bowl in one hand and with the sun with powerful and heroic strokes Thousand Buddhas") in Liaoning and moon at hi.s feet. Figures of in colored az'it:ite, mineral green province in the northeast built dur- the Buddha stand at each corner of and ochre, charmingly made almost ing the Northern Wei dynasty (368- the altar. Behind the altar, a lively in full figure. Even the figures ln 534) Its art is as pr:ecious as that Guanyin. the "Goddess ol Mercy", relief on the ceiling beautifully of the Yurngang Grottoes. holds a relic. Other Buddha show variou-q postures and the Located in Yixian county 45 images of different sizes stand in graceful flow of )ong bands of silk. kilometers from Jinzhou, Wanfo- a line along lhe east. west and The fifth grotto, 5.1 meters high tang is marked by a round white north sides. and 7 meters long, is next to a pagoda up a steep path. Like Ovel the centuries the wal1 be- high stone tablet inscribed "Note other g,rottoes. it was built against tween the second and sixth caves. on the Construction in Yuaniing." eroded by wind and rain. became relief work i.s imFortant in the a steep green mountain facing a Its the and cal- river Mount Fushan and the open. Some df the figures have study of building. art winding- Daling River, a serene and beautiful piace of shady trees and Goddoss oI "a lhousand hands and eyes." Phr.ttr.ss bu Liang Feng and Yu Zhar clear water. Sixteen caves stiLl exist. nine in the western and seven in the eastern area. These contain more than 400 figures of the Buddha. It was built 15 centuries ago by Yuaniing. governor of Yingzhou (now Chaoyang) in Northern Wei for the purpose of praying fol the happiness of his emperor. "North- ern Wei, the twenty-third yeal' (a99) of Taihe" is carved above the main grotto. The fifth and sixth caves in the western area are the biggest Here, travelers step into another worid. cool and comfortable, in- ZHOU YUSHAN antl SONG HUIPING are staf{ reporters for the Radio of Liaoning province. DECEMBER I.987 77 ligraphy of the Northern Wei dynasty. The 304 still-existing Specio/ Offer to Subscribers Chinese characters on the tablet have strong strokes and a well- Colored Map of China knit artistic value. Chinese scholar To celebrate the 30th anniversary of China Reconstructs, we Kang Youwei (1858-1927) Praised it as the best in qualitY between the Wei and Yuan (1279-1368) dynasties. The sixth grotto is the largest in Wanfotang. About 8 meters wide, it f eatures a statue of MitreYa' in good standing as o{ January 1982. "The Future Buddha," 3'2 meters If You Are Not a Subscriber Become One Today high, carved of white stone, To subscribe or renew, see form on insert page known as the best and largest in the grottoes. Wearing a Precious crown, the figure looks with a CIII]IA PHIIATEIY kindly smiie through long eyes (Quorterly in English) plt[fi[[[T,-fr. down on the river. f;lllftfi 7 metets This journal is a mine of in- The white Pagoda, matters high, has stood in the east area formation on Philatelic south side a everY asPect of since 1474. On its covering nearly #BAtr&E with the names philatelY. It keePs the stone is inscribed Chinese and the reason. of new issues in of its builders reader informed in the east area country; provides interesting The third cave this is bigger, and in the sixth are inf ormation and background preserved remnants the Qing rnaterial on Chinese stamPs from of (1644-1911) and a small the earliest issues; Publishes the dynasty philatelic studies and part of the Northern Wei- The results of is the most It also carries rePorts second cave, however, findings. a GuanYin on the activities of philateiists at attractive. It contains thousand hands and eYes'" home and* abroad as well as the' of "a then covered Iatest stamP market. Made of clay and gold, its 416 arms stretch out pages including 4 in colour 26 x 18.5 cm with 52 from the body with one eye on Subscription Rates (A Partial List) each paim in different stYles. In the sixth cave. Vimalakirti country currency Price (Per coPY) annual subs. (surface) (who lived at the same time as Sakyamuni and is known as an Australia $A 1.10 360 400 advisor because his own experience U.S.A. U.S.$ 1.20 4.50 was used as an examPle in Canada C$ 1.40 taking 2.00 650 Buddhist scriPtures) is Switzerland SF Bodhisattva of FF 5.00 16.80 with Maniusri, France the wall, there Lire 1000.00 3300.00 Wisdom. Outside Italy from a BF 33.0 114.00 are two statues, PerhaPs Belgium kind of opera one a man with a W.GermanY DM 2.70 7.20 -and no crown, his .1, Sch 15.00 ,51.60 high hairdo Austria mouth open as he exerts his E Other IE U.K. & e 0.58 1.90 strength to hold a long board, the C. ,European other a girl acrobat also with a * Hongkong HK$ 4.00 14.00 t dancing on the board. lfl{ Yen 270.00 1000.00 high hairdo Japan Other valuable relics in the east Asian C. U.S.$ 0.30 1.00 ft Other area are the existing 269 Chinese E Latin America U.S.$ 0.82 2.74 ; 12.80 words of "Han Zhen's Note on Mauritius MRS 3.80 I 1.00 Making the Grottoes" in the fifth Nigeria i{ 0.30 in L c 0.23 080 cave. This details the Progress )L Countries the official Han Other U.S.$ 0.50 1.60 building made by in Africa Zhen in the third year of Jingming FF 2.00 6.60 /1, (502), and is an imPortant source ^ a local dealet, ot ," Orders plus payment can be sent to of data about the earlY historY oI H direct to Guoii Shudian, POB 399, Beiiing, China Qidan, an ancient state in I China. tr tur 72 CIilNA RECONSTBUCTS /r j, Northern Wei dynasty statue in the Wanfotang Grottoes. Liurtg f t'ng uttl Yt Zltlo China Reconstructi No. 12, 1981 euality Month n p (6 5l o E F q za m 3 ID 69 I qE D u=" ff' -9 * c)cr coooooo ooo E o -foN\O-O<)N6NO c) d- (\-tor; 9r; cdo'( 00 -oov- d ;6 ., tr o /4': : , S C r) ir':+:truYu.Aa- !at (J "7c4ai o,in:tn!Lrl !oo sTAMPs OF NEW CHINA o I o- -lI' ! -oQc- o o q) a g Ef o'. OM Quality Month 0) oE="OFO un o: O oiU N 9 o 0rd 5-O 9q tr o I'he llinistry of Post and'[elecommunications of rcleascd a set & ==:9N-\OO< Chinit o :l of commemorative stamps cntitled "Quality -\Iolrth" cn Sepfr,rlrber i, o agf-o:E3E-.'ro3'4 c- LJ T4amrirlia)Uf :iid | 981. ;i \J E -o !> Stamp l, Silver Medal, 8 i oG /i,l ! ooooooooooooo ir -- 2. Medal, o ot 03 x Stamp Gold 8 /i'rr a o qq9qc?qqc..1 qqcq rOO i:'4- @ {) CO V) -O CO (\ c) C' c"] (') (f) cO N Both stamps measure 3O x 4O mm. l'Ltl | 1.5" Color photogravurecl -o vc.rcrNN-s\- \t\ts- a! ^. Serial numbers: J. 66 (2-l) to (2-2). a c{ -=(2 Scenes of the Lushan N'lourrtains o Itr o OOOOOCIOOc)C)OOO O./ 'l hc I-ushan Mountains to$er over au expunse o1'lakcs antl rivr':'. iri o c.oo-oclooooooN N+-.os'x-i"-roi ,-; r; N thc northern part of Jiangxi province. Their highcsi pcaks soar I.500 N-C\--ala\NC!N -; rneters above sea level. Lushan scenery is breathtal