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Status of Forest Pests in Nova Scotia

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Status of Forest Pests in Nova Scotia STATUS OF FOREST PESTS IN NOVA SCOTIA 2011 Annual Report Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources Fleet and Forest Protection Division Risk Services Section Report FOR 2013-002 1 Forest Health Conditions in Nova Scotia 2011 Annual Report Compiled by: Gina Penny With data from Forest Health Staff Forest Protection Division Renewable Resources Branch Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources PO Box 130 23 Creighton Road Shubenacadie, NS B0N 2H0 Telephone: (902)-758-7226 Fax: (902)-758-3210 http://www.gov.ns.ca/natr/forest/foresthealth/default.asp Publication Number: Report FOR 2013-002 2 Forest Health Staff Tanya Borgal Matthew O’Connor Matthew Campbell Jeff Ogden Jacqui Gordon Jim Rudderham Mike LeBlanc Andrew Young Editing and Administrative Support Wanda Dahr John Ross Walter Fanning Suzette Thibodeau Regional Services Pest Detection Officers Eastern Region Central Region Western Region Derek Hart Allan Bland Jamie Brown Michael Hill Mike Kew Brian Comeau Greg Keizer Eric Leighton Bill DesChamp Dolores MacDonald Scott MacEwan William Grover Greg Murphy Matthew McFetridge Kim Huskins Tom Murray Matthew O’Connor Ross Pentz John Ongo Adrian Samson Kevin Totten Figure 1: Administrative regions of the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources. 3 Table of Contents Forest Health Staff…………………………………………………………………………………….….3 Editing and Administrative Support………………………………………………………………….….3 Regional Services Pest Detection Officers……………………………………………………….…....3 Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………….……6 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in This Report…………………………………….………6 Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………………7 List of Tables………………………………………………………………………………………………9 List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………………….11 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………13 Status of Forest Pests…………………………………………………………………………………..14 Insect Pests of Softwoods……………………………………………………………………………...14 Eastern Spruce Budworm – Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)………………………………..14 Pheromone Trap Survey……………………………………………………………………….14 Overwintering Larval (L2) Survey……………………………………………………………..16 Jack Pine Budworm – Choristoneura pinus pinus (Free.)………………………………………16 Pheromone Trap Survey……………………………………………………………………….17 Overwintering larval (L2) Survey………………………………………………………………18 Hemlock Looper - Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Gn.)…………………………………………19 Pheromone Trap Survey……………………………………………………………………….19 Overwintering Egg Survey……………………………………………………………………..21 Spruce Beetle – Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)………………………………………………..22 Permanent Research Plots…………………………………………………………………….22 Whitemarked Tussock Moth – Orgyia leucostigma (J.E. Smith)……………………………….24 Overwintering egg mass Survey………………………………………………………………24 4 Eastern Blackheaded Budworm - Acleris variana (Fernald)…………………………………….26 Overwintering Egg Survey……………………………………………………………………..26 Balsam Fir sawfly – Neodiprion abietis (Harr.)……………………………………………………27 Overwintering Egg Survey……………………………………………………………………..27 Risk and Predicted Defoliation Maps………………………………………………………….29 Balsam Woolly adelgid – Adelges picea (Ratz.)………………………………………………….30 Overwintering Nymph and Damage Surveys………………………………………………...30 Permanent Monitoring Plots…………………………………………………………………...32 Balsam Twig Aphid – Mindarus abietinus (Koch)………………………………………………..34 Balsam Gall Midge – Pardiplosis tumifex (Gagné)………………………………………………36 Insect Pests of Hardwoods……………………………………………………………………………..38 Gypsy Moth – Lymantria dispar (L.)……………………………………………………………….38 Pheromone Trap Survey……………………………………………………………………….38 Invasive Pests……………………………………………………………………………………………42 Brown Spruce Longhorned Beetle – Tetropium fuscum (Fabr.)………………………………..42 Pheromone Trap Survey……………………………………………………………………….42 Arthropods of Importance to Human Health…………………………………………………………..45 West Nile Virus………………………………………………………………………………………45 Tick Surveys…………………………………………………………………………………………45 Pest Identification Service………………………………………………………………………………46 Communications………………………………………………………………………………………...46 Newsletter: Insectary Notes………………………………………………………………………. 46 Website………………………………………………………………………………………………47 Extension and Outreach……………………………………………………………………………47 APPENDIX I – GLOSSARY…………………………………………………………………………….48 5 Acknowledgements To assemble, analyze, and present the information contained within this report requires a great deal of effort from many individuals. Without their efforts to gather information and data, this report would not be possible. Thanks to the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources (NSDNR) regional staff, especially the Pest Detection Officers (PDO’s), who are the backbone of many provincial surveys. These surveys would be impossible without the support of the PDO’s and their Area Supervisors. Appreciation is extended to the staff of the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) for their cooperation. Their research in Nova Scotia as well as the information and expertise they share relating to forest pests and forest conditions continues to be a valuable resource. Thanks are also given to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) for their assistance and information exchange during the invasive insect surveys. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in This Report CFIA Canadian Food Inspection Agency CFS Canadian Forest Service ha Hectares NSDNR Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources PDO Pest Detection Officer 6 Executive Summary This annual report contains information on forest insects and diseases monitored by Forest Health staff and PDO’s for the period up to and including 2011. It also contains information concerning our combined efforts to assist in research conducted by the CFS and monitor invasive pests with the CFIA. Eastern Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana): The percentage of positive pheromone traps was 35%, down from 57% in 2010. The maximum trap catch was 16 moths, down from 33 in 2010. No overwintering second instar larvae (L2’s) were detected. Jack Pine Budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus): The percentage of positive pheromone traps was 48%, up from 36% in 2010. No overwintering L2’s were detected. Hemlock Looper (Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria): The percentage of positive pheromone traps was 94.9%, up slightly from 93.9% in 2010. The maximum trap catch was 682 moths, up from 286 in 2010 Overwintering eggs were detected at 28.3% of sites sampled, up from 10% in 2010 and 0% in 2009. Spruce Beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis): Widespread spruce beetle induced mortality of mature and over-mature white spruce is occurring throughout the province. In the fixed radius plots, the percentage of white and red spruce infested with or killed by the spruce beetle was 2.6% and 5.4%, respectively, down from 33.8% and 9.0% in 2010 for white and red spruce, respectively. Whitemarked Tussock Moth (Orgyia leucostigma): Overwintering egg masses were detected in 10.8% of sites surveyed, up from 7.7% in 2010. Eastern Blackheaded Budworm (Acleris variana): Overwintering eggs were detected at 83.9% of the sites surveyed, up from 74.1% in 2010. Balsam Fir Sawfly (Neodiprion abietis): Overwintering eggs were detected at 59% of sites surveyed, up from 51% in 2010 and the highest recorded since 1998. Balsam Woolly Adelgid (Adelges picea): The percentage of sites with overwintering nymphs was 5.7%, down from 8.7% in 2010. The percentage of sites with gouted branches was 1.6%, unchanged from 2010. Overwintering surveys in 11 of the 14 permanent plots detected populations had increased in 1 plot, decreased in 3, and no change was detected in the remaining 7 plots. Balsam Twig Aphid (Mindarus abietinus) and Balsam Gall Midge (Paradiplosis tumifex): No sites surveyed had balsam twig aphid damage and only one site had balsam gall midge damage. 7 Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar): The percentage of positive multipher traps was 68%, up from 58% in 2010. The total number of moths captured was 3188, up from 3093 in 2010. Overall, the percentage of positive delta traps was 19.2% consistent with 20% in 2010. Brown Spruce Longhorn Beetle (Tetropium fuscum): Extensive pheromone trapping was conducted in the Atlantic Provinces. There were 20 positive sites outside the beetle regulated area. In Nova Scotia, five new sites were detected in the counties of Halifax, Hants, and Luneburg. There was one positive location in New Brunswick located near a campground in Kouchibouguac National Park. This is the first time BSLB has been detected outside of Nova Scotia. All other traps deployed in Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and Newfoundland and Labrador, were negative. The total number of positive sites outside of the BSLB regulated area is now 65. West Nile Virus: There were no human cases of West Nile virus reported in Nova Scotia. As of 2010, dead birds in Nova Scotia are no longer tested for West Nile virus. No birds have tested positive since 2003. Tick Surveys: In 2011, 1500 ticks were submitted to Forest Health for identification, of which 850 were black legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). Currently, there are five established populations of Blacklegged ticks in Nova Scotia: • Pictou County - areas around Melmerby Beach, Egerton, Kings Head, and Pine Tree; • Lunenburg County - (Blue Rocks, Garden Lots, Heckmans Island, First Peninsula as well as the areas immediately surrounding them; • Halifax County - Admirals Cove in Bedford; • Shelburne Count - Gunning Cove and; • Yarmouth County: Gavelton area. Pest Identification Service: Since 1995, Forest Health has coordinated the identification of pests affecting Nova Scotia’s forests. In 2011, 101 inquiries were answered. Of these inquiries, 25 (24.8%) dealt
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