Development of the First-Instar Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
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Some Environmental Factors Influencing Rearing of the Spruce
S AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Gary Boyd Pitman for the M. S. in ENTOMOLOGY (Degree) (Major) Date thesis is presented y Title SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING REARING OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS. Abstract approved , (Major Professor) The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of controlled environmental factors upon the development of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) and to utilize the information for im- proving mass rearing procedures. A standard and a green form of the bud - worm occurring in the Pacific Northwest were compared morphologically and as to their suitability for mass rearing. " An exploratory study demonstrated that both forms of the budworm could be reared in quantity in the laboratory under conditions outlined by Stehr, but that greater survival and efficiency of production would be needed for mass rearing purposes. Further experimentation revealed that, by manipulating environmental factors during the rearing process, the number of budworm generations could be increased from one that occurs normally to nearly three per year. For the standard form of the budworm, procedures were developed for in- creasing laboratory stock twelvefold per generation. Productivity of the green form was much less, indicating that the standard form may be better suited for laboratory rearing in quantity. Recommended rearing procedures consist of the following steps. Egg masses should be incubated at temperatures between 70 and 75 °F and a relative humidity near 77 percent. Under these conditions, embryo matur- ation and hibernacula site selection require approximately 8 to 9 days. The larvae should be left at incubation conditions for no longer than three weeks. -
Do Offspring of Insects Feeding on Defoliation-Resistant Trees Have Better Biological Performance When Exposed to Nutritionally-Imbalanced Food?
Insects 2015, 6, 112-121; doi:10.3390/insects6010112 OPEN ACCESS insects ISSN 2075-4450 www.mdpi.com/journal/insects/ Article Do Offspring of Insects Feeding on Defoliation-Resistant Trees Have Better Biological Performance When Exposed to Nutritionally-Imbalanced Food? Roberto Quezada-Garcia 1,*, Alvaro Fuentealba 1,2, Ngoc Nguyen 3 and Éric Bauce 1 1 Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de Géomatique Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (E.B.) 2 Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada 3 Direction de l’aménagement et de l’environnement forestiers Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, 5700, 4e Av. Ouest, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-418-656-2131 (ext. 4063). Academic Editor: Brian T. Forschler Received: 3 October 2014 / Accepted: 7 January 2015 / Published: 12 January 2015 Abstract: White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees that are resistant or susceptible to spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) attack were identified in a southern Quebec plantation. Due to high mortality-induced selective pressures imposed by resistant trees on spruce budworm larvae, insects that survive on resistant trees exhibited greater biological performance than those on susceptible trees. We tested the hypothesis that this better biological performance is maintained across generations when progeny were subjected to nutritional stress. -
Modeling Migratory Flight in the Spruce Budworm: Temperature Constraints
Article Modeling Migratory Flight in the Spruce Budworm: Temperature Constraints Jacques Régnière 1,* , Johanne Delisle 1 , Brian R. Sturtevant 2 , Matthew Garcia 3 and Rémi Saint-Amant 1 1 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada; [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (R.S.-A.) 2 USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-418-648-5257 Received: 30 July 2019; Accepted: 9 September 2019; Published: 13 September 2019 Abstract: We describe an individual-based model of spruce budworm moth migration founded on the premise that flight liftoff, altitude, and duration are constrained by the relationships between wing size, body weight, wingbeat frequency, and air temperature. We parameterized this model with observations from moths captured in traps or observed migrating under field conditions. We further documented the effects of prior defoliation on the size and weight (including fecundity) of migrating moths. Our simulations under idealized nocturnal conditions with a stable atmospheric boundary layer suggest that the ability of gravid female moths to migrate is conditional on the progression of egg-laying. The model also predicts that the altitude at which moths migrate varies with the temperature profile in the boundary layer and with time during the evening and night. Model results have implications for the degree to which long-distance dispersal by spruce budworm might influence population dynamics in locations distant from outbreak sources, including how atmospheric phenomena such as wind convergence might influence these processes. -
Balsam Fir (Abies Balsamea) Establishment Dynamics During a Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura Fumiferana) Outbreak: an Evaluation of the Impact of Aging Techniques
Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen 373 RAPID COMMUNICATION / COMMUNICATION RAPIDE Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) establishment dynamics during a spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreak: an evaluation of the impact of aging techniques Sylvain Parent, Hubert Morin, and Christian Messier Abstract: The effects of recurrent spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks on balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) mortality have been extensively studied in Canada. Most studies report substantial seedling recruit- ment of balsam fir during outbreaks when reproductive trees are dying. According to previous research, this contradic- tion could be due to inaccuracies in the conventional aging method. Counting the maximum number of growth rings found at the tree base would significantly underestimate tree age. Counting terminal bud scars found on the entire trunk, including buried stem, would give a more accurate tree age. In this study, we compare recruitment dynamics ob- tained for aging seedlings in two balsam fir populations (about 500 km apart) using (i) the conventional method and (ii) bud scar counts. For both populations, the conventional method shows substantial recruitment during adult mortal- ity, while the second aging technique reveals reduced recruitment during the epidemic phase of the spruce budworm outbreak. Résumé : Les effets des épidémies de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) sur la mortalité des sapinières boréales (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) ont été largement documentés au Canada. La plupart des études rapportent un important recrutement de semis de sapin durant une épidémie alors que meurent les sapins matures. Selon la recherche auparavant, cette contradiction serait due à l’inexactitude de la méthode conventionnelle- ment utilisée pour estimer l’âge des semis. -
Choristoneura Fumiferana) Group on an Isolated Forest Island Lisa M
Life-history traits maintain the genomic integrity of sympatric species of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) group on an isolated forest island Lisa M. Lumley & Felix A. H. Sperling Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada Keywords Abstract Cypress Hills, Choristoneura lambertiana, Choristoneura occidentalis, hybridization, Identification of widespread species collected from islands can be challenging due to integrative taxonomy, phenology, the potential for local ecological and phenotypic divergence in isolated populations. pheromones, speciation, species delimitation. We sought to determine how many species of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) complex reside in Cypress Hills, an isolated remnant coniferous forest Correspondence in western Canada. We integrated data on behavior, ecology, morphology, mito- Lisa M. Lumley, Laurentian Forestry Centre, chondrial DNA, and simple sequence repeats, comparing Cypress Hills populations Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. to those from other regions of North America to determine which species they Ste. Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada. resembled most. We identified C. fumiferana, C. occidentalis, C. lambertiana,and Tel: +01 (418) 648-7149; hybrid forms in Cypress Hills. Adult flight phenology and pheromone attraction Fax: +01 (418) 648-5849; were identified as key life-history traits involved in maintaining the genomic in- E-mail: [email protected] tegrity of species. Our study highlights the importance of extensive sampling of both specimens and a variety of characters for understanding species boundaries in Received: 12 May 2011; Revised: 27 June biodiversity research. 2011; Accepted: 28 June 2011. -
Proceedings of the 61St Annual Meeting of The
May 2020 ISSN 0071-0709 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 61ST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE Entomological Society of Alberta October 10 – 11, 2013 Olds College, Olds, Alberta Entomological Society of Alberta Board of Directors 2013 ……….……..….….3 Annual Meeting Committees 2013……………………..…………….……….…3 President’s Address……..……………………………………………….….…....4 Program of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Alberta.....5 Oral and Poster Presentation Abstracts …………………………………..….…11 Index to Authors…………………………………………………….…….….…20 Minutes of the Entomological Society of Alberta Fall Board Meeting ……..…22 Treasurer’s Report ……………………………………………………….….….25 Secretary’s Report ……………………………………………………….….….27 ESC Regional Director’s Report for Presentation to Entomological Society of Alberta Executive and Annual General Meeting………………………….…28 ESC Regional Director for Entomological Society of Alberta Report to the Entomological Society of Canada ……………………………………….……..29 Webmaster’s Report ………………………………………………….….….….30 Southern Director’s Report ……………………………………………….……31 Northern Director’s Report ………………………………………………..…...34 Minutes of the Entomological Society of Alberta 61st Annual General Meeting …………….…………………………………………………….…….36 Photos…………………………………………………………………….…..…40 Entomological Society of Alberta’s Membership List ………………….……..45 Proceedings of the 61st Entomological Society of Alberta Annual Meeting 1 The Entomological Society of Alberta The Entomological Society of Alberta (ESA) was organized November 27, 1952, at a meeting held in Lethbridge, Alberta, as an affiliate of the Entomological Society of Canada. A certificate of incorporation was obtained under the Societies Act on February 19, 1953. The membership of about 70 paid-up members at that time consisted mainly of Dominion (Federal) entomologists at the Science Service Laboratories in Lethbridge (now Lethbridge Research and Development Centre of Agriculture and Agri-food Canada), Suffield Research Station, the Forest Zoology Laboratory in Calgary, and students and staff from the University of Alberta. -
Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura Fumiferana Clem.) Defoliation Promotes Vertical Fuel Continuity in Ontario’S Boreal Mixedwood Forest
Article Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) Defoliation Promotes Vertical Fuel Continuity in Ontario’s Boreal Mixedwood Forest Graham A. Watt 1,*, Richard A. Fleming 2, Sandy M. Smith 3 ID and Marie-Josée Fortin 4 1 Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada 2 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada; [email protected] 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-416-978-5480 Received: 15 February 2018; Accepted: 6 May 2018; Published: 9 May 2018 Abstract: Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), defoliation has been shown to affect the occurrence of crown fire in Ontario, highlighting the need to better understand the driving factors of this effect on forest structure, including changes in fuel loading, type and position. Here, we investigate five boreal mixedwood sites within four zones that experienced different durations of continuous defoliation by spruce budworm in northeastern Ontario. Duration of defoliation had significant effects on vertical stand components, namely, host overstory to host understory crown overlap, host overstory and host understory crown to downed woody debris overlap, and downed woody debris height and quantity. Vertical stand components tended to increase with the duration of continuous defoliation, with the highest vertical fuel continuity occurring after 16 years of continuous defoliation. -
Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the Rocky Mountain Region 1997-1999
Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the Rocky Mountain Region 1997-1999 United States Renewable Rocky Department of Resources Mountain Agriculture Forest Health Region Management 2 FOREST INSECT AND DISEASE CONDITIONS IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION 1997-1999 by The Forest Health Management Staff Edited by Jeri Lyn Harris, Michelle Frank, and Susan Johnson December 2001 USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region Renewable Resources, Forest Health Management P.O. Box 25127 Lakewood, Colorado 80225-5127 Cover: Aerial photograph taken by Robert D. Averill on October 29, 1997, just days after a blowdown event occurred on the Routt National Forest. The picture was taken looking east toward a blowdown area that straddles both the Mt. Zirkel Wilderness and the Routt National Forest. “The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternate means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity employer.” Maps in this product are reproduced from geospatial information prepared by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. GIS data and product accuracy may vary. -
Performance of the Forest Vegetation Simulator in Managed White Spruce Plantations Influenced by Eastern Spruce Budworm in Northern Minnesota
For. Sci. 61(4):723–730 APPLIED RESEARCH http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/forsci.14-150 Copyright © 2015 Society of American Foresters biometrics Performance of the Forest Vegetation Simulator in Managed White Spruce Plantations Influenced by Eastern Spruce Budworm in Northern Minnesota Matthew B. Russell, Anthony W. D’Amato, Michael A. Albers, Christopher W. Woodall, Klaus J. Puettmann, Michael R. Saunders, and Curtis L. VanderSchaaf Silvicultural strategies such as thinning may minimize productivity losses from a variety of forest disturbances, including forest insects. This study analyzed the 10-year postthinning response of stands and individual trees in thinned white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) plantations in northern Minnesota, USA, with light to moderate defoliation from eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens). Using the Forest Vegetation Simulator, model results suggested overprediction of stand basal area growth and tree diameter increment in these stands. Growth modifiers indicated that trees growing in unthinned stands and with greater defoliation levels (i.e., 20–32%) would need the largest adjustment for diameter increment. Modifiers for height were similarly specified to compensate for the underprediction of height increment in these stands. Thinned stands continued to maintain target live crown ratios in excess of 0.40, suggesting long-term productivity. Results highlight the need for simulation models that represent appropriate responses to stands and trees affected by forest insects and diseases. Ultimately, accurate representations of growth and development in these models that account for influences of biotic disturbance agents are essential under future global change scenarios, particularly as silvicultural strategies are implemented to reduce the impacts of forest health threats and other stressors. -
Choristoneura Fumiferana Clem.) Louis-Etienne Robert Universite De Montreal
Natural Resource Ecology and Management Natural Resource Ecology and Management Publications 2017 Landscape host abundance and configuration regulate periodic outbreak behavior in spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) Louis-Etienne Robert Universite de Montreal Brian R. Sturtevant U.S. Department of Agriculture Barry J. Cooke Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Patrick M. A. James Universite de Montreal MFoallorie-Jw othisees a Fndor taindditional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs UnivPerasitrty ofof TtheoronEtonvironmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons, Forest Management Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, and the Natural Resources See next page for additional authors Management and Policy Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ nrem_pubs/248. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Natural Resource Ecology and Management Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Landscape host abundance and configuration regulate periodic outbreak behavior in spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) Abstract Landscape-level forest management has long been hypothesized to affect forest insect outbreak dynamics, but empirical evidence remains elusive. We hypothesized that the combination of increased hardwood relative to host tree species, prevalence of younger forests, and fragmentation of those forests due to forest harvesting legacies would reduce outbreak intensity, increase outbreak frequency, and decrease spatial synchrony in spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) outbreaks. -
The Effects of Biotic Disturbances on Carbon Budgets of North American Forests
The Effects of Biotic Disturbances on Carbon Budgets of North American Forests Jeffrey A. Hicke Daniel M. Kashian University of Idaho Wayne State University Moscow, ID Detroit, MI Craig D. Allen David Moore U.S. Geological Survey King's College London Los Alamos, NM United Kingdom Ankur R. Desai Kenneth Raffa University of Wisconsin University of Wisconsin Madison, WI Madison, WI Michael C. Dietze Rona Sturrock University of Illinois at Urbana- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Champaign Resources Canada Urbana, IL Victoria, BC Ronald J. Hall James Vogelmann Canadian Forest Service, Natural U.S. Geological Survey Resources Canada Sioux Falls, SD Edmonton, Alberta E. Ted Hogg Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada Edmonton, Alberta September 30, 2010 Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences RUNNING HEAD: BIOTIC DISTURBANCES AND CARBON CYCLING Index words: 0400 BIOGEOSCIENCES, 0428 Carbon cycling, 0439 Ecosystems, structure and dynamics, 1615 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling, 1631 Land/atmosphere interactions 1 1 Abstract 2 3 Forest insects and pathogens are major disturbance agents that have affected millions of hectares 4 in North America in recent decades. The extensive area of outbreaks and large number of trees 5 affected suggest significant impacts to the carbon (C) cycle. Here we present a review and 6 synthesis of published studies of biotic forest disturbances in North America and their effects on 7 C budgets. Substantial variability exists among major disturbance agents in terms of area 8 affected, life history and drivers, and effects on trees. Insects and pathogens can greatly affect 9 carbon budgets. Primary productivity can be reduced considerably following insect or pathogen 10 attack. -
Treemediated Interactions Between the Jack Pine
Ecological Entomology (2011), 36, 425–434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2011.01283.x Tree-mediated interactions between the jack pine budworm and a mountain pine beetle fungal associate LINDSAY J. COLGAN andNADIR ERBILGIN Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Abstract. 1. Coniferous trees deploy a combination of constitutive (pre-existing) and induced (post-invasion), structural and biochemical defences against invaders. Induced responses can also alter host suitability for other organisms sharing the same host, which may result in indirect, plant-mediated interactions between different species of attacking organisms. 2. Current range and host expansion of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins; MPB) from lodgepole pine-dominated forests to the jack pine- dominated boreal forests provides a unique opportunity to investigate whether the colonisation of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) by MPB will be affected by induced responses of jack pine to a native herbaceous insect species: the jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman; JPBW). 3. We simulated MPB attacks with one of its fungal associates, Grosmannia clavigera Robinson-Jeffrey & Davidson, and tested induction of either herbivory by JPBW or inoculation with the fungus followed by a challenge treatment with the other organism on jack pine seedlings and measured and compared monoterpene responses in needles. 4. There was clear evidence of an increase in jack pine resistance to G. clavigera with previous herbivory, indicated by smaller lesions in response to fungal inoculations. In contrast, although needle monoterpenes greatly increased after G. clavigera inoculation and continued to increase during the herbivory challenge, JPBW growth was not affected, but JPBW increased the feeding rate to possibly compensate for altered host quality.