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Journal of TROPICAL BIOLOGY & CONSERVATION a Journal of the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Journal of TROPICAL BIOLOGY & CONSERVATION A journal of the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Editor-in-chief Dr. Charles S. Vairappan (Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Managing Editor Dr. Liew Thor Seng (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Editorial Assistant Julia George Kunai (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Editorial Board Dr. Mohd. Tajuddin Abdullah (Prof., Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia) Dr. Abdul Hamid Ahmad (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Henry Bernard (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Shigeki Matsunaga (Prof., the University of Tokyo, Japan) Dr. Homathevi Rahman (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Menno Schilthuizen (Prof., Leiden University, the Netherlands) Dr. Monica Suleiman (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Holger Thus (Natural History Museum, London) Reviewers Dr. Abdul Hamid Ahmad Dr. Menno Schilthuizen (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Prof., Leiden University, the Netherlands) Dr. Alexender Kiew Sayok Dr. Moh Pak Yan (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia) (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Anthony Lamb Dr. Monica Suleiman (Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia) (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Awangku Hassanal Bahar Bin Pengiran Bagul Dr. Niels Jacobsen (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Prof., Universiti of Conpenhagen, Denmark) Dr. Arthur Y.C. Chung Dr. Norela Sulaiman (Forest Research Centre, Sabah, Malaysia) (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) Dr. Arzyana Sunkar Pelf-Nyok Chen (Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia) (Turtle Conservation Society of Malaysia, Malaysia) Dr. Colin Ruzelion Maycock Dr. Pratap Kumar Panda (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Atal Behari College, Basudevpur, India ) Effi Helmy Bin Ariffin Dr. Sahana Harun (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia) (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Henry Bernard Dr. -
Internalization and Anti Littering Campaign Implementation
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 85 ( 2013 ) 544 – 553 AcE-Bs 2013 Hanoi ASEAN Conference on Environment-Behaviour Studies Hanoi Architectural University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 19-22 March 2013 "Cultural Sustainability in the Built and Natural Environment" Internalization and Anti Littering Campaign Implementation Haijon Gunggut*, Chua Kim Hing, Dg Siti Noor Saufidah Ag Mohd Saufi Universiti Teknologi MARA, Locked Bag 71, 88997 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia Abstract This paper seeks to account for the variations in implementation progress of the Anti-litterbugs Campaign in Sabah. A total of nine local authorities were studied. Data was mainly obtained from interviews, observations and written sources. The variation in the Campaign implementation progress can be explained in term of campaign internalization among local authority top leadership. Internalization is reflected in the understanding of the campaign and priority of local government top leaderships observed in their actions, choice of words and activities. In addition, the structure of the local authority also influenced implementation progress. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ©Selection 2013 andPublished peer-review by Elsevierunder responsibility Ltd. Selection of Centre and for peer-review Environment-Behaviour under responsibility Studies (cE-Bs), of the Faculty Centre of Architecture, for Environment- BehPlanningaviour & Surveying,Studies (cE-Bs), Universiti Faculty Teknologi of Architecture,MARA, Malaysia Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. Keyword: Anti-litterbugs campaign; programme internalization; local government structure; policy implementation 1. Introduction Sabah is one the top biodiversity hotspots in the world and an estimated 2.93 million tourists visited the state in 2012 (Bangkuai, 2012). Unfortunately visitors were often turned off by the presence of litters everywhere. -
Marvelgold Development Sdn Bhd V Majlis Daerah Penampang (Penampang District Council) & Anor [2018] MLJU 867 Malayan Law Journal Unreported
Marvelgold Development Sdn Bhd v Majlis Daerah Penampang (Penampang District Council) & Anor [2018] MLJU 867 Malayan Law Journal Unreported HIGH COURT (SANDAKAN) BEXTER AGAS MICHAEL JC ORIGINATING SUMMONS NO BKI-24NCvC-86/8 OF 2017 (HC2) 1 April 2018 Grace Chaw (Grace Chaw & Co) for the plaintiff. PK Lim (PK Lim & Co) for the first defendant. Baldev Singh (Baldev Gan & Assoc) for the second defendant. Bexter Agas Michael JC: Grounds of Decision (In respect of Enclosure 10) Introduction This is the 1st Defendant’s Notice of Application (Enclosure 10) to strike out the Plaintiff’s Originating Summons (Enclosure 1) on the grounds that the Plaintiff’s action is defective, irregular and an abuse of the Court’s process as the Plaintiff’s alleged claims against the 1st Defendant were based solely on public law relating to the development and implementation of projects/buildings on land, and as such, the Plaintiff must adhere to the procedure prescribed under Order 53 of the Rules of Court, 2012 which sets out a specific procedure for an aggrieved party seeking relief against the public authority concerning an infringed right under public law. Brief Facts The Plaintiff has completed the construction of a residential condominium located in the District of Penampang known as The Garden @ Bundusan (“the Garden”). The 2nd Defendant had erected a fencing along the road reserve causing interruption to the use of the right of way over and along the road reserve as access to the Garden. Meetings and dialogues were held between the parties with a view to resolve the access but to no avail. -
M.V. Solita's Passage Notes
M.V. SOLITA’S PASSAGE NOTES SABAH BORNEO, MALAYSIA Updated August 2014 1 CONTENTS General comments Visas 4 Access to overseas funds 4 Phone and Internet 4 Weather 5 Navigation 5 Geographical Observations 6 Flags 10 Town information Kota Kinabalu 11 Sandakan 22 Tawau 25 Kudat 27 Labuan 31 Sabah Rivers Kinabatangan 34 Klias 37 Tadian 39 Pura Pura 40 Maraup 41 Anchorages 42 2 Sabah is one of the 13 Malaysian states and with Sarawak, lies on the northern side of the island of Borneo, between the Sulu and South China Seas. Sabah and Sarawak cover the northern coast of the island. The lower two‐thirds of Borneo is Kalimantan, which belongs to Indonesia. The area has a fascinating history, and probably because it is on one of the main trade routes through South East Asia, Borneo has had many masters. Sabah and Sarawak were incorporated into the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 and Malaysia is now regarded a safe and orderly Islamic country. Sabah has a diverse ethnic population of just over 3 million people with 32 recognised ethnic groups. The largest of these is the Malays (these include the many different cultural groups that originally existed in their own homeland within Sabah), Chinese and “non‐official immigrants” (mainly Filipino and Indonesian). In recent centuries piracy was common here, but it is now generally considered relatively safe for cruising. However, the nearby islands of Southern Philippines have had some problems with militant fundamentalist Muslim groups – there have been riots and violence on Mindanao and the Tawi Tawi Islands and isolated episodes of kidnapping of people from Sabah in the past 10 years or so. -
Sabah 90000 Tabika Kemas Kg
Bil Nama Alamat Daerah Dun Parlimen Bil. Kelas LOT 45 BATU 7 LORONG BELIANTAMAN RIMBA 1 KOMPLEKS TABIKA KEMAS TAMAN RIMBAWAN Sandakan Sungai SiBuga Libaran 11 JALAN LABUKSANDAKAN SABAH 90000 TABIKA KEMAS KG. KOBUSAKKAMPUNG KOBUSAK 2 TABIKA KEMAS KOBUSAK Penampang Kapayan Penampang 2 89507 PENAMPANG 3 TABIKA KEMAS KG AMAN JAYA (NKRA) KG AMAN JAYA 91308 SEMPORNA Semporna Senallang Semporna 1 TABIKA KEMAS KG. AMBOI WDT 09 89909 4 TABIKA KEMAS KG. AMBOI Tenom Kemabong Tenom 1 TENOM SABAH 89909 TENOM TABIKA KEMAS KAMPUNG PULAU GAYA 88000 Putatan 5 TABIKA KEMAS KG. PULAU GAYA ( NKRA ) Tanjong Aru Putatan 2 KOTA KINABALU (Daerah Kecil) KAMPUNG KERITAN ULU PETI SURAT 1894 89008 6 TABIKA KEMAS ( NKRA ) KG KERITAN ULU Keningau Liawan Keningau 1 KENINGAU 7 TABIKA KEMAS ( NKRA ) KG MELIDANG TABIKA KEMAS KG MELIDANG 89008 KENINGAU Keningau Bingkor Keningau 1 8 TABIKA KEMAS (NKRA) KG KUANGOH TABIKA KEMAS KG KUANGOH 89008 KENINGAU Keningau Bingkor Keningau 1 9 TABIKA KEMAS (NKRA) KG MONGITOM JALAN APIN-APIN 89008 KENINGAU Keningau Bingkor Keningau 1 TABIKA KEMAS KG. SINDUNGON WDT 09 89909 10 TABIKA KEMAS (NKRA) KG. SINDUNGON Tenom Kemabong Tenom 1 TENOM SABAH 89909 TENOM TAMAN MUHIBBAH LORONG 3 LOT 75. 89008 11 TABIKA KEMAS (NKRA) TAMAN MUHIBBAH Keningau Liawan Keningau 1 KENINGAU 12 TABIKA KEMAS ABQORI KG TANJUNG BATU DARAT 91000 Tawau Tawau Tanjong Batu Kalabakan 1 FASA1.NO41 JALAN 1/2 PPMS AGROPOLITAN Banggi (Daerah 13 TABIKA KEMAS AGROPOLITAN Banggi Kudat 1 BANGGIPETI SURAT 89050 KUDAT SABAH 89050 Kecil) 14 TABIKA KEMAS APARTMENT INDAH JAYA BATU 4 TAMAN INDAH JAYA 90000 SANDAKAN Sandakan Elopura Sandakan 2 TABIKA KEMAS ARS LAGUD SEBRANG WDT 09 15 TABIKA KEMAS ARS (A) LAGUD SEBERANG Tenom Melalap Tenom 3 89909 TENOM SABAH 89909 TENOM TABIKA KEMAS KG. -
On Slopes Along the Penampang to Tambunan Road, Sabah, Malaysia
Malaysian Journal of Geoscien ces 2(1) (2018) 0 9-17 Malaysian Journal of Geosciences (MJG) DOI : https://doi.org/10.26480/mjg.01.2018.0 .1 9 7 ISSN: 2521-0920 (Print) ISSN: 2521-0602 (Online) CODEN : MJGAAN ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT (EGA) ON SLOPES ALONG THE PENAMPANG TO TAMBUNAN ROAD, SABAH, MALAYSIA Rodeano Roslee1,2*, Felix Tongkul 1,2 1 Natural Disaster Research Centre (NDRC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah 2 Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Article History: This study focused on the engineering geological investigation of slope failures along Penampang to Tambunan road, approximately 12th km to 101th km from Kota Kinabalu city, Sabah, Malaysia. The area is underlain by the Crocker Received 12 November 2017 Formation (Late Eocene to Early Miocene age) and the Quaternary Deposits (Recent age). These rock units show Accepted 12 December 2017 Available online 1 January 2018 numerous lineaments with complex structural styles developed during several regional Tertiary tectonic activities. The tectonic complexities influenced the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks, resulting in a high degree of weathering and instability. The weathered materials are unstable and may experience sliding due to by high pore pressure and intensively geomorphological processes. In this study, a total of 31 selected critical slope failures were studied and classified into two main groups: rock slope and soil slope. -
Annual Report Human Rights Commission of Malaysia
ANNUAL REPORT 2010 HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION OF MALAYSIA First Printing, 2011 © Copyright Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM) The copyright of this report belongs to the Commission. All or any part of this report may be reproduced provided acknowledgement of source is made or with the Commission’s permission. The Commission assumes no responsibility, warranty and liability, expressed or implied by the reproduction of this publication done without the Commission’s permission. Notification of such use is required. All rights reserved. Published in Malaysia by HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION OF MALAYSIA 11th Floor, Menara TH Perdana 1001 Jalan Sultan Ismail, 50250 Kuala Lumpur Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.suhakam.org.my Designed & Printed in Malaysia by Reka Cetak Sdn Bhd No 4 & 6, Jalan Sri Sarawak 20B, Taman Sri Andalas, 41200 Klang, Selangor Darul Ehsan National Library of Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ISBN: 1675-1159 MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION APRIL 2008 – APRIL 2010 1. TAN SRI ABU TALIB OTHMAN 2. TAN SRI DATUK SERI PANGLIMA SIMON SIPAUN 3. DATUK DR CHIAM HENG KENG 4. DR MOHAMMAD HIRMAN RITOM ABDULLAH 5. TAN SRI DATO’ DR ASIAH ABU SAMAH 6. PROF DATO’ DR ABDUL MONIR YAACOB 7. DATUK DR RAJ ABDUL KARIM 8. DATO’ CHOO SIEW KIOH 9. DATO’ SRI MUHAMMAD SHAFEE ABDULLAH 10. TUNKU DATUK NAZIHAH TUNKU MOHAMED RUS 11. DATO’ SIVA SUBRAMANIAM A/L NAGARATNAM 12. PROF TAN SRI DR KHOO KAY KIM 13. DATIN PADUKA ZAITOON DATO’ OTHMAN 14. DATO’ DR MICHAEL YEOH OON KHENG 15. DATUK DR DENISON JAYASOORIA 16. DATO’ HAJI KHALID HAJI -
List of Certified Workshops-Final
SABAH: SENARAI BENGKEL PENYAMAN UDARA KENDERAAN YANG BERTAULIAH (LIST OF CERTIFIED MOBILE AIR-CONDITIONING WORKSHOPS) NO NAMA SYARIKAT ALAMAT POSKOD DAERAH/BANDAR TELEFON NAMA & K/P COMPANY NAME ADDRESS POST CODE DISTRICT/TOWN TELEPHONE NAME& I/C 1 K. L. CAR AIR COND SERVICE P.S. 915, 89808 BEAUFORT. 89808 BEAUFORT TEL : 087-211075 WONG KAT LEONG H/P : 016-8361904 720216-12-5087 2 JIN SHYONG AUTO & AIR- BLOCK B, LOT 12, BANGUNAN LIGHT 90107 BELURAN H/P: 013-8883713 LIM VUN HIUNG COND. SERVICES CENTRE. INDUSTRIAL KOMPLEKS 90107, 720824-12-5021 BELURAN, SABAH. 3 JIN SHYONG AUTO & AIR- BLOCK B, LOT 12, BANGUNAN LIGHT 90107 BELURAN TEL: 016-8227578 THIEN KIM SIONG COND. SERVICES CENTRE. INDUSTRIAL KOMPLEKS, 90107 760824-12-5351 BELURAN, SABAH. 4 MEGA CAR ACCESSORIES & LOT G4, LORONG ANGGUR, JALAN 88450 INANAM TEL : 088-426178 KOO SHEN VUI AIR-CON SERVICE CENTRE KOLOMBONG, WISMA KOLOMBONG, 770527-12-5303 88450 INANAM, SABAH. 1 SABAH: SENARAI BENGKEL PENYAMAN UDARA KENDERAAN YANG BERTAULIAH (LIST OF CERTIFIED MOBILE AIR-CONDITIONING WORKSHOPS) NO NAMA SYARIKAT ALAMAT POSKOD DAERAH/BANDAR TELEFON NAMA & K/P COMPANY NAME ADDRESS POST CODE DISTRICT/TOWN TELEPHONE NAME& I/C 5 FUJI AIR-COND & ELECTRICAL TB 3688, TINAGAT PLAZA, MILE 2, 91008 JALAN APAS TEL : 089-776293 LIM YUK FOH SERVICES CENTRE JALAN APAS. 760608-12-5875 6 WOON AIRCON SALES & BLOCK B, LOT 12, GROUND FLOOR, 88450 JALAN KIANSOM TEL : 088-434349 CHONG OI PING SERVICES CENTRE JALAN KIANSOM INANAM, SABAH. INANAM 720212-12-5143 7 NEW PROJECT AUTO AIRCOND LOT 11, PAMPANG LIGHT IND, 89009 JALAN NABAWAN TEL : 087-339030 FILUS TAI SOO FAT SERVICE JALAN NABAWAN KENINGAU, KENINGAU 720418-12-5405 SABAH. -
Uhm Ma 3222 R.Pdf
Ui\i1VEi~.'3!TY OF HA\/VAI'I LIBRARY PLANNING KADAZANDUSUN (SABAH, MALAYSIA): LABELS, IDENTITY, AND LANGUAGE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN LINGUISTICS MAY 2005 By Trixie M. Tangit Thesis Committee: AndrewD. W. Wong, Chairperson Kenneth L. Rehg Michael L. Fonnan © 2005, Trixie M. Tangit 111 For the Kadazandusun community in Sabah, Malaysia and for the beloved mother tongue IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to take this opportunity to record my gratitude and heartfelt thanks to all those who have helped. me to accomplish my study goals throughout the M.A. program. Firstly, my thanks and appreciation to the participants who have contributed to this study on the Kadazandusun language: In particular, I thank Dr. Benedict Topin (from the Kadazan Dusun Cultural Association (KDCA», Ms. Evelyn Annol (from the Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Sabab/ Sabah state education department (JPNS», and Ms. Rita Lasimbang (from the Kadazandusun Language Foundation (KLF». I also take this opportunity to thank Mr. Joe Kinajil, ex-JPNS coordinator (retired) ofthe Kadazandusun language program in schools, for sharing his experiences in the early planning days ofthe Kadazandusun language and for checking language data. I also wish to record my sincere thanks to Ms. Pamela Petrus Purser and Mr. Wendell Gingging for their kind assistance in checking the language data in this thesis. Next, my sincere thanks and appreciation to the academic community at the Department ofLinguistics, University ofHawai'i at Manoa: In particular, mahalo nui loa to my thesis committee for their feedback, support, and advice. -
INDIGENOUS GROUPS of SABAH: an Annotated Bibliography of Linguistic and Anthropological Sources
INDIGENOUS GROUPS OF SABAH: An Annotated Bibliography of Linguistic and Anthropological Sources Part 1: Authors Compiled by Hans J. B. Combrink, Craig Soderberg, Michael E. Boutin, and Alanna Y. Boutin SIL International SIL e-Books 7 ©2008 SIL International Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2008932444 ISBN: 978-155671-218-0 Fair Use Policy Books published in the SIL e-Books series are intended for scholarly research and educational use. You may make copies of these publications for research or instructional purposes (under fair use guidelines) free of charge and without further permission. Republication or commercial use of SILEB or the documents contained therein is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the copyright holder(s). Series Editor Mary Ruth Wise Volume Editor Mae Zook Compositor Mae Zook The 1st edition was published in 1984 as the Sabah Museum Monograph, No. 1. nd The 2 edition was published in 1986 as the Sabah Museum Monograph, No. 1, Part 2. The revised and updated edition was published in 2006 in two volumes by the Malaysia Branch of SIL International in cooperation with the Govt. of the State of Sabah, Malaysia. This 2008 edition is published by SIL International in single column format that preserves the pagination of the 2006 print edition as much as possible. Printed copies of Indigenous groups of Sabah: An annotated bibliography of linguistic and anthropological sources ©2006, ISSN 1511-6964 may be obtained from The Sabah Museum Handicraft Shop Main Building Sabah Museum Complex, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, -
The Study on Development for Enhancing Rural Women Entrepreneurs in Sabah, Malaysia
No. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE JAPAN INTERNATIONAL AND FOOD INDUSTRY COOPERATION AGENCY SABAH, MALAYSIA THE STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT FOR ENHANCING RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA FINAL REPORT VOLUME II FEBRUARY 2004 KRI INTERNATIONAL CORP. AFA JR 04-13 THE STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT FOR ENHANCING RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA FINAL REPORT AND SUPPORTING BOOKS MAIN REPORT FINAL REPORT VOLUME I - MASTER PLAN - FINAL REPORT VOLUME II - SITUATION ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION SURVEY - PUANDESA DATABOOK PUANDESA GUIDELINE FOR RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS - HOW TO START A MICRO BUSINESS IN YOUR COMMUNITY - EXCHANGE RATE (as of 30 December 2003) US$1.00 = RM3.8= Yen107.15 LOCATION MAP PUANDESA THE STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT FOR ENHANCING RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA FINAL REPORT CONTENTS LOCATION MAP PART I: SITUATION ANALYSIS CHAPTER 1: STUDY OUTLINE ..........................................................................................................1 1.1 BACKGROUND .........................................................................................................................1 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY....................................................................................................2 1.3 TARGET GROUP OF THE STUDY ...........................................................................................2 1.4 MAJOR ACTIVITIES AND TIME-FRAME...............................................................................2 1.5 NICKNAME OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................................6 -
The Performance of Ultrafine Palm Oil Fuel Ash in Suppressing the Alkali Silica Reaction in Mortar Bar
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-2, Issue-9, September 2015 The Performance of Ultrafine Palm Oil Fuel Ash in Suppressing the Alkali Silica Reaction in Mortar Bar Hidayati Asrah, Abdul K. Mirasa, Md. A. Mannan high pozzolanic reactivity and micro-filler effect [5]. Since Abstract— This study evaluates the effect of ultrafine palm then, research of ultrafine POFA has been gaining attention oil fuel ash (POFA) on the alkali silica reaction (ASR) of mortar. among the researchers and more studies need to be performed To study the effectiveness of ultrafine POFA in suppressing the on ultrafine POFA so that knowledge on POFA can be ASR, four different sizes of POFA were used in this study: the well-established. unground (UG), medium (MP), fine (FP), and ultrafine size Alkali silica reaction (ASR) occurs due to the reaction (UF). Characterization of POFA was done to investigate their particle size, fineness, specific gravity, chemical composition, between silica from the reactive aggregate and alkali from the loss on ignition (LOI), and morphology. Initially, the pessimum cement, which leads to the formation of alkali silica gel effect of the sandstone aggregate was determined by blending 5, [6]-[7]. In the presence of moisture, this gel will expand [8] 15, 50, 75, and 100% of sandstone aggregates with the granite. and eventually causes concrete to crack [9]. Three factors POFA was then introduced as cement replacement at 0 - 40% affect ASR occurrence, which are reactive aggregates, high by weight of binder. To investigate the effect of ultrafine POFA alkali cement and presence of moisture.