Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan Violence against Women, Domesc Abuse and Sexual Violence Strategy 2018 ‐ 2023 DRAFT It’s in our hands

Statutory Partners

This document is available in Welsh / Mae’r ddogfen hon ar gael yn Gymraeg

2 CHAPTER / SECTION PAGE CHAPTER / SECTION PAGE CHAPTER / SECTION PAGE Introducon 5 Safe Use of Technology 28 Managing VAWDASV PPNs 55 Definions 5 Encouraging Vicms to Report 28 Mul‐Agency Risk Assessment Conference 56 Vicm or Survivor? 6 CHAPTER THREE ‐ PREVENT (MARAC) Framework 7 Educaonal Sengs 30 Specialist Courts 57 Vision and Aims 7 Naonal Training Framework 34 Housing‐Related Support 58 Regional Partners 7 Early Intervenon 38 Workplace Policies 59 Legislave and Strategic Context 8 Sexual Violence 39 Target Hardening 60 Scope 11 Stalking 40 CHAPTER FIVE ‐ SUPPORT Glossary of Terms 12 Honour Based Violence / Forced 40 Research 62 Key Annual Dates 12 Marriage Independent Advocates 62 Links to Further Informaon 12 Female Genital Mulaon (FGM) 41 Children and Young People 64 CHAPTER ONE ‐ PREPARE Health Based IDVA 42 Family Intervenons 64 Regional Overview 14 Night Time Economy 43 People from a BME Background 65 Needs Assessment 15 Sex Workers 43 Gypsy and Traveller Communies 65 Regional Working 15 Trafficking and Modern Slavery 44 Male Vicms 66 Governance 16 Adverse Childhood Experiences 45 LGBTQ+ Vicms 66 Available Specialist Services 17 IRIS 48 Sexual Assault Referral Centre 67 Wider Collaboraon 18 Formal Reviews 48 Older People 67 Survivor Engagement 19 White Ribbon Campaign 50 Complex Needs /Toxic Trio 68 Equality and Diversity 20 CHAPTER FOUR ‐ PROTECT Sex Workers 69 CHAPTER TWO ‐ PURSUE Clare’s Law / Sarah’s Law Disclosures 52 Adults at Risk 69 Criminal Jusce Response 22 Noces and Orders 52 Integrated Offender Management 24 Safeguarding 53 Working with Perpetrators 26 Cardiff Mul‐Agency Safeguarding 54 Restorave Jusce 27 Hub

3 Third Sector Partners

4 Introducon The mul‐agency statutory partners (outlined on p.2) responsible for this strategy have agreed to Violence against women is a violaon of human adopt the widest definion, acknowledging that rights and both a cause and consequence of not all abuse is perpetrated within inmate inequality between women and men. It happens partner or familial relaonships, but can also be to women of all classes, cultures and commied by strangers (e.g. stalking). backgrounds. It happens to women because they are women and they are disproporonately It is also acknowledged that some forms of abuse impacted by all forms of violence. Tackling “all acts of gender‐based violence that result in, disproporonately affect those with protected violence against women, domesc abuse and or are likely to result in, physical, sexual, characteriscs. Issues of gender identy (including sexual violence (VAWDASV) has far‐reaching psychological or economic harm or suffering to transgender), race, religion, culture, disability and consequences for families, children, communies women, including threats of such acts, coercion sexuality can exacerbate vulnerability and can and society as a whole and requires a disnct and or arbitrary deprivaon of liberty, whether also shape atudes and behaviours within proporonate approach by public bodies in occurring in public or in private life.” relaonships from both the vicm’s and the Wales. This encompasses, but is not limited to: perpetrator’s perspecves.

This strategy does not disregard violence and  Physical, sexual and psychological violence abuse directed towards men and boys, or violence occurring in the family, including baering, and abuse perpetrated by women. This strategy sexual abuse of female children in the recognises that whilst anyone (women, men, household, dowry‐related violence, marital children and young people) can experience and be rape, female genital mulaon and other affected, it is women and girls who are tradional pracces harmful to women, disproporonately affected by domesc abuse, non‐spousal violence and violence related rape and sexual violence, sexual exploitaon to exploitaon;

(including through the sex industry), modern day  Physical, sexual and psychological violence slavery, forced marriage, female genital occurring within the general community, mulaon, child sexual exploitaon and abuse, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual stalking and sexual harassment. This can happen harassment and inmidaon at work, in in any relaonship regardless of sex, age, educaonal instuons and elsewhere, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, disability, religion or trafficking in women and forced belief, income, geography or lifestyle. prostuon;

Definion  Physical, sexual and psychological violence The United Naons Declaraon on the perpetrated or condoned by the State, Eliminaon of Violence against Women defines wherever it occurs. this as:

5 WHAT ABOUT MEN? Vicm or Survivor? This is a question that is always asked at public engagement events and in training sessions. All The words ‘vicm’ and ‘survivor’ have very different connotaons. Being partners in the region know that men can also be victims of domestic abuse, sexual assault, a ‘vicm’ can imply helplessness and pity, being trapped and having forced marriage, trafficking and honour based violence and have acknowledged this throughout something done to you that you are not in control of, which might not the strategy and continue to highlight this at all public events and staff training. The VAWDASV adequately describe some people’s experiences of VAWDASV. However, Act addresses domestic abuse and sexual violence perpetrated against all people in Wales, while the term ‘survivor’ recognises that people are able to take control of their own lives; it implies progression over stagnancy, and many choose recognising that women and girls are disproportionately impacted by much of the violence and it because it serves as a term of empowerment. Some people exclusively abuse covered by the Act. This strategy aligns itself with the Act by recognising that, for this use the term ‘survivor’ over ‘vicm’, and vice versa. People are not reason, a gender-responsive approach is required. either ‘survivors’ or ‘vicms’ because it’s equally possible to be both,

depending on the context of the experience. Partners working across Cardiff and the Vale recognise that more work is needed to support male victims of domestic and sexual violence, both in terms of recognising abuse when it occurs and However, for simplicity and in accessing appropriate services for support. Work is required to ensure that our communities clarity to a wide‐ranging recognise that violence and abuse perpetrated by anyone is unacceptable and does not have a audience, this strategy has place in our society. With our specialist partners, we will continue to address any gaps whilst used the term ‘vicm’ to refer continuing to support services that are already in place, targeting additional resources where to those that have recently, or there is greatest need. The views of victims will be integral to this. Finally, this strategy are currently experiencing champions the Welsh Government Live Fear Free Helpline which provides information and advice VAWDASV and for those who for everyone affected by violence against women, domestic abuse and sexual violence and are not aware or accepng anticipate an increase in the number of male victims contacting this service for information, that what they are advice and support. experiencing is abuse.

Sebastian’s Story (taken from ManKind Initiative:) ‘Survivor’ is used to refer to Problems began in Sebastian’s relationship with his partner once they started living together and those that have overcome she became pregnant. He is 6ft and his partner is 5ft 3 inches. After suffering months of violent their abusive situaons, abuse, he decided he could take no more and decided he should leave but his partner whether as a result of their own acons and/or following threatened that if he left he would never see his son again. His partner’s abuse has been engagement with statutory or increasing and over the last four years, he has been assaulted ten times, receiving black eyes, other support services. being constantly spat at and recently he had a chair thrown at him with such force that it shattered on him. He is not allowed to go to bed before his partner – if he does she comes in I think both words have their place in the journey. But for me having and turns all the lights on and begins shouting at him to prevent him from getting to sleep. He broken free it was important I was classed as a survivor. I believe people in the end had to leave; he has kept a diary, taken photographs and told friends. He is now in shouldn't be looked down upon if they identify themselves as a victim touch with his solicitors regarding custody of his son. rather than survivor. SW Survivor

6 Framework Aim 1 ‐ PREPARE Regional Partners Improve strategic planning and commissioning of This regional Strategy sets out how all partners VAWDASV services through a more coordinated This strategy has been developed with the will shape and deliver responses to all forms of partnership approach across the region. cooperaon and collaboraon of the following violence against women, domesc abuse and statutory partners across the region: sexual violence across the region. Aim 2 ‐ PURSUE Address perpetrators of VAWDASV by improving  Cardiff Council It sets out a number of ambious acvies to be intelligence sharing across services and the use  Vale of Glamorgan Council undertaken over the next 5 years. These are listed of legal powers to disrupt and convict.  Cardiff and Vale University Health Board  South Wales Police as ’We Will’ commitments throughout the Aim 3 ‐ PREVENT  South Wales Police and Crime Commissioner document and are summarised in the Pro‐acvely address negave atudes and  Naonal Probaon Service accompanying acon plan. These acons will be behaviours that have the potenal to result in  Community Rehabilitaon Company connually monitored with partners to inform a VAWDASV, recognising this as everyone’s  Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust report of progress to be published each year. This business. will ensure that the Strategy remains focused and  South Wales Fire and Rescue Service relevant. A number of abbreviaon and acronyms Aim 4 ‐ PROTECT  Velindre NHS Trust have been used throughout—please refer to the Improve the mul‐agency response and support glossary of terms (p.12). to all vicms and their children regardless of risk Third sector partners throughout the region have level and needs. been involved in the development of this strategy Vision and Aims as key stakeholders in the delivery of the frontline Aim 5 ‐ SUPPORT response to vicms and are listed on p.4. Vision: Ensure that innovave, flexible and evidence‐ People who live, work, study in and visit Cardiff based services are available to meet the needs of Most importantly, this strategy has been and the Vale of Glamorgan have the vicms experiencing any form of VAWDASV. developed with the input and insights of survivors of VAWDASV, predominantly through the Welsh opportunity to live posive, independent lives Women’s Aid SEEdS (Survivors Empowering and without being affected by violence and abuse. These aims reflect the requirements of the Educang Services) project, and their contribuon Welsh Government naonal strategy (see next is gratefully acknowledged. The Strategy has been developed in a me of page) to address the prevenon, protecon and challenges: new legislave dues on statutory support of vicms and also the efforts required to bodies, connuing austerity leading to pursue those responsible. Each of these aims will unprecedented budget cuts and an increasing be addressed in a separate chapter, although it is demand for services. Recognising these acknowledged that many issues cut across a challenges, 5 key aims have been idenfied: number of strands.

“When women thrive, all of society benefits, and succeeding generations are given a better start in life.” Kofi Annan

7 Legislave and Strategic Context VAWDASV Wales Strategy 2016 World: UK: Ending Violence This issue has been acknowledged by the Council of Europe, in The UK Government ‘Ending Violence Against Against Women and the form of the Council of Europe Convenon on prevenng and Women and Girls Strategy 2016‐2020’ builds Girls Strategy 2016- combang violence against women and domesc violence. The on a number of iniaves including: the 2020 Convenon was adopted by the Council of Europe on 7 April introducon of a new offence of controlling or Wellbeing of Future 2011 and came into force on 1 August 2014. The UK Government coercive behaviour, the Modern Slavery Act, Generations (Wales) Act 2015 signed the Convenon on 8 June 2012 but has yet to rafy it, Domesc Violence Protecon Orders (DVPOs) VAWDASV (Wales) however there is overwhelming support to do so soon. Also there under the Crime and Security Act 2010, the Act 2015 is recognion from the United Naons, in the form of their Domesc Violence Disclosure Scheme (DVDS), Serious Crime Act Declaraon on the Eliminaon of Violence against Women, and FGM Protecon Orders under the Female 2015 most recently in the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Genital Mulaon Act 2003 and an FGM Modern Slavery Act mandatory reporng duty inserted into the 2015 Wales: 2003 Act by the Serious Crime Act 2015, and Social Services and The purpose of the Violence against Women, strengthening measures to manage people Wellbeing (Wales) Domesc Abuse and Sexual Violence (Wales) who commit sexual offences or those who Act 2014 Act 2015 is to improve prevenon, protecon pose a risk of sexual harm. Istanbul Convention and support for people affected. The resulng (Convention on naonal strategy provides the leadership and Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan Region: preventing and The Violence against Women, Domesc Abuse and Sexual combating violence direcon which will promote consistency and against women and best pracce in the way in which violence Violence (Wales) Act 2015 placed a number of dues on local domestic violence) against women, domesc abuse and sexual authories and statutory organisaons to develop regional 2014 violence is priorised and tackled across strategies, comply with the Naonal Training Framework, NICE Public Health Wales, with the aim of “creang a Wales that including a duty to Ask and Act, and to ensure that this agenda is Guidance ‘Domestic referenced across Educaon services. This regional Strategy violence and abuse; we all want to live in, now and in the future, a how services can Wales where everybody is able to live fear‐free therefore idenfies how these dues are being be tackled in the respond region and how it will support the naonal strategy to prevent, effectively’ (PH50)

in safe, equal, violence free relaonships and KEY DOCUMENTS TIMELINE OF RECENT 2014 communies.” protect and support those affected by VAWDASV. 8 In addion to the Violence against Women,  The Housing (Wales) Act 2014 enshrines in  Regional Safeguarding Children Boards (RSCBs) Domesc Abuse and Sexual Violence (Wales) Act legislaon, amongst other maers, a reform of and partner agencies must report progress 2015, there is other Welsh Government homelessness law and strengthens dues on against the four overarching outcomes of the (and wider UK) legislaon and policy that informs local authories to prevent and alleviate Naonal Acon Plan to Tackle Child Sexual gender specific services in the region. These are: homelessness. Exploitaon (CSE) (Wales):

 The Renng Homes (Wales) Act 2016 aims to  The Social Services and Well‐being (Wales) Act 1. PREPARE: make it simpler and easier to rent a home, 2014 provides a ‘legal framework for improving RSCBs and partner agencies assume CSE to be replacing various and complex pieces of the well‐being of people (adults and children) present and have specified objecves to exisng legislaon with one clear legal who need care and support, carers who need support:‐ framework. This includes a new approach to support, and for transforming social services in  The idenficaon of children and young joint ‘occupaon contracts’ which replaces Wales.’ people subject to or at risk of CSE tenancies and licenses with two contracts and  A range of appropriate responses and will help vicms by enabling perpetrators to be resources designed to improve well‐being targeted for evicon. outcomes for children subject to or at risk of CSE  The Well‐Being of Future Generaons (Wales) 2. PREVENT: Act 2015 sets out 7 well‐being goals that public RSCBs and partner agencies have a prevenon sector bodies must take acon to achieve. programme and responsive services in place to These are all relevant to the prevenon of help children and young people at risk of CSE VAWDASV and the support of vicms, including and their families an equal Wales, a resilient Wales and a healthy 3. PROTECT: Wales. RSCBs and partner agencies acvely protect children and young people from CSE, by working together to achieve the connuity and effecveness of care plans for those children  The Welfare Reform Act 2012 laid out the UK and young people subject to or at risk of CSE Government’s proposals for reforming the 4. PURSUE: welfare system to improve work incenves, RSCBs and partner agencies have a clear and simplify benefits, address fairness and tackle shared understanding about how they can administrave complexity. This affects funding contribute to the disrupon and prosecuon of provided to operate supported housing perpetrators and to the support of vicms schemes, including refuges. through a consistent child‐centred approach

9  scope a needs analysis of training currently Within the 6 priories idenfied in the Police being delivered in Wales and future and Crime Reducon Plan is Priority 3: “We requirements; will work to protect the most vulnerable in our  develop intelligence/informaon sharing communies”. To achieve this priority, the protocols; South Wales PCC is commied to “Complete  The Home Office Strategy—’Ending Violence  establish a Wales an‐slavery the implementaon of the South Wales against Women and Girls 2016‐2020’ sets out communicaons engagement plan; Violence Against Women and Girls Acon an ambious vision to tackle violence against  idenfy and encourage good pracce in Plan.” women and girls in all its forms, drive a vicm care. transformaon in the delivery of VAWG services, make prevenon and early Wales is the only government within the UK to intervenon the foundaon stones of a new employ an An‐Slavery Coordinator, following approach, and embed VAWG as ‘everyone’s a recommendaon from the Welsh business’ across agencies, services and the Government Cross Party Group on Slavery. The wider public. post has been in existence since April 2011.

 The Wales An‐Slavery Leadership Group provides  The South Wales Police and Crime strategic leadership for tackling slavery in Commissioner’s (PCC) ‘Police and Crime Wales and co‐ordinates collaboraon between Reducon Plan 2017‐2021’ idenfies that, devolved and non‐devolved partners and third although it covers just 10% of the geographical sector organisaons. Working to the Modern area of Wales, South Wales Police provides a Slavery Act 2015, the Group's strategic policing service to 1.3 million people covering objecves are to: 42% of the country's populaon with 49% of  build an evidence base using primary and the total crime in Wales. secondary data sets to beer assess the scale of slavery in Wales;

“It ought to concern every person, because it is a debasement of our common humanity. It ought to concern every community, because it tears at our social fabric. It ought to concern every business, because it distorts markets. It ought to concern every nation, because it endangers public health and fuels violence and organized crime. I’m talking about the injustice, the outrage, of human trafficking, which must be called by its true name - modern slavery.” Barack Obama

10  Although police have been advised to priorise  Cardiff’s Child Sexual Exploitaon Prevenon Scope sex workers’ safety since 2011, the Naonal Strategy outlines how partners will prepare Police Chief Constable’s Policing Sex Work children, families, communies and This regional VAWDASV strategy reflects the Strategy 2016 takes this duty even further. It professionals to spot children at risk, prevent current strategic and policy framework in force introduced a new responsibility to protect sex harm, protect vicms and pursue, disrupt and and will be amended as naonal or local policy workers, and also frames prostutes as prosecute perpetrators. changes. potenal vicms of criminality rather than offenders. It is acknowledged that raiding Specifically it idenfies objecves to: brothels breeds mistrust amid sex workers,  Understand the scale of the problem police and external agencies. Rather, police  Raise awareness of the issue through forces in England and Wales have been advised educaon and training to move away from enforcing laws that  Idenfy those at risk and provide early criminalise the sale of sex. The strategy has support to prevent exploitaon and abuse accompanying guidance for police officers that  Protect children who are affected by A number of crime types and issues are naturally connues to support the work of chief following the All Wales Child Protecon referenced in this strategy. These include: constables and their staff when they deal with Procedures prostuon, related exploitaon and social  Support vicms to break away from sexual  Coercive control consequences in their areas. exploitaon and recover from their  Domesc abuse experiences  Female Genital Mulaon In terms of regional context, the following local  Disrupt and prosecute perpetrators  Honour Based Violence and Forced Marriage strategies and policies are supported by this  Modern slavery – people trafficking; domesc strategy and, where necessary, relevant servitude; labour exploitaon objecves and/or acons will be referenced to  Sexual violence – Child Sexual Exploitaon; show alignment. Child Sexual Abuse; rape  Stalking  ‘Delivering a Safe and Welcoming Night Time  Perpetrators of all of the above Economy’ strategy idenfies that Cardiff already has a proven record of ensuring safety A number of related issues will be within the and wellbeing of those who use, and work in, scope of this strategy. These include:

the night me economy in the capital of Wales.  The Sex Industry It is in this context that this strategy will help to  Night‐Time Economy ensure Cardiff retains a vibrant and safe night  Technology – sexng; dang websites; cyber me economy by connuing to work with WE WILL: grooming; sex work partners, ensuring that the necessary Work towards developing relevant joint  County Lines ‐ response to cross‐border commitments and resources are secured so regional strategies and policies where illegality that impacts on VAWDASV that exisng best pracce is sustained. possible

11 Glossary of Terms  PSE—Personal and Social Educaon Links to Further Informaon  ACE—Adverse Childhood Experience  SARC—Sexual Assault Referral Centre  www.livefearfree.org.uk  APR—Adult Pracce Review  SEEdS—Survivors Empowering and  www.gov.wales/topics/people‐and‐  BCU—Basic Command Unit Educang Services communies/communies/safety/  CPR—Child Pracce Review  SWP—South Wales Police domescabuse/  www.youtube.com/watch?  CPS—Crown Prosecuon Service  VAWDASV—Violence against Women, Domesc Abuse and Sexual Violence v=u7Nii5w2FaI  CSE—Child Sexual Exploitaon  WASPI—Wales Accord in Sharing of  www.beyond‐the‐gaze.com/briefings  DHR—Domesc Homicide Review Personal Informaon  www.gov.uk/government/publicaons/  FGM—Female Genital Mulaon analysis‐of‐serious‐case‐reviews‐2011‐  GP—General Praconer to‐2014  HBV—Honour Based Violence  IDVA/ISVA/IPA—Independent Domesc/ Key Annual Dates (for informaon only) Sexual Violence Advocate/Independent DATE EVENT Personal Advocate 6th February Internaonal Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mulaon  IRIS—Idenficaon and Referral to Improve Safety 8th March Internaonal Women’s Day  LGBTQ—Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, 18th March CSE Naonal Awareness Day Transgender & Queer 18th April Naonal Stalking Awareness Day  MAPPA—Mul‐Agency Public Protecon Arrangements 17th May Internaonal Day against Homophobia and Transphobia  MARAC—Mul‐Agency Risk Assessment 14th July Memory for Vicms of Honour Based Violence Conference 19th November Internaonal Men’s Day  MASH—Mul‐Agency Safeguarding Hub  MATAC—Mul‐Agency Tasking and 20th November Children’s Rights Day Coordinaon 25th November Internaonal Day to Eliminate Violence against Women / White Ribbon Day  NRM—Naonal Referral Mechanism November Naonal Safeguarding Week  NTF—Naonal Training Framework 17th December Internaonal Day to Eliminate Violence against Sex Workers  PCC—Police and Crime Commissioner  PPN—Public Protecon Noce 10th December Human Rights Day

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CHAPTER ONE

PREPARE

13 Improve strategic planning and commissioning of VAWDASV services through a more coordinated partnership approach across the region. 8 Hospitals Regional Overview Ethnicity The area covered by Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan local authority boundaries has a total populaon of 489,931; 16% of the Welsh populaon. The following facts and figures apply to the region:

475.3 2 km 18 Police Staons 93.9% Heterosexual 4 ‐ Vale 18.6% 2.5% Gay or Lesbian 14 ‐ Cardiff disabled 1.1% Bisexual

194,556 men 1.6% Other 205,093 women 205,093 women 44,237 girls 46,045 boys 46,045 boys 0.9% N/K or refuse to say

Weekly Gross Earnings (f/t): 2 official 85 GP Ages Totals gypsy/ surgeries: Cardiff Vale 206,577 Cardiff 62, households traveller sites 0‐4 15,115 14,489 29,604 Male £576.0 £639.4 = 80 pitches Vale 23 5‐15 30,930 29,748 60,678 Female £498.9 £551.1 Schools Cardiff Vale 16‐24 37,248 38,241 75,489 Primary 95 49 25‐44 67,835 65,168 133,003 1 prison EMPLOYMENT Cardiff Vale Secondary 19 9 45‐64 55,595 58,786 114,381 Employee 60.9% 63.1% Special 7 4 65+ 33,878 42,898 76,776 Self‐Employed 7.2% 10% Independent 8 2 TOTAL 240,601 249,330 489,931 Unemployed 5.6% 4.6% Colleges / 12 All figures correct as at January 2018 Rered / Other 26.3% 22.3% Universies 14 Needs Assessment In addion the tool also idenfies the esmated Regional Working cost of domesc and sexual violence in an area of A regional needs assessment exercise was this size: In 2016 the Welsh Government’s Cabinet undertaken to gather data from statutory and Secretary for Communies & Children required a Total costs Physical and Criminal specialist services to inform the Local Wellbeing move towards a naonal rollout of a regional (not including mental health jusce costs: Assessments. A subsequent exercise was funding and commissioning model approach from human and care costs: undertaken to inform this Strategy and future 2018 onwards. emoonal commissioning of services. Findings will be costs): referenced throughout this Strategy to illustrate Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan have agreed to demand for services and to idenfy any gaps or £76,344,150 £16,451,082 £10,361,971 operate as a region due to a shared Health Board duplicaons. Social services Other costs Human and footprint, natural travel to work paerns, service costs: (incl. housing, emoonal access migraons for residents across the area, One of the tools for understanding need for civil legal & costs (not and the pre‐existence of a number of regional VAWDASV services in an area is the Home Office’s employment included in services and policies. Ready Reckoner Tool. This was developed as a key costs): total): acon from the Home Office Violence against £1,951,360 £47,579,738 £243,751,358 The Cardiff and Vale region have submied a Women and Girls (VAWG) Strategy. Using findings Commissioning Plan for 2018/19 to the Welsh from the Brish Crime Survey, it enables The figures do not include addional costs from Government. During 2018/19, which is the last commissioners of services to esmate the need stalking, female genital mulaon, 'honour'‐based transion year, all regions will be required to for local services for domesc violence, sexual violence and forced marriage. As well as the develop a Commissioning Strategy to encompass violence and stalking in their area. human cost of violence against women, domesc requirements laid out in statutory guidance due abuse and sexual violence, there is clearly a cost to be circulated to local authories in early 2018. For the adult populaon of the region of 399,649, to society. Funding for other third sector services currently the tool esmates that: paid direct by the Welsh Government will also All partners in Cardiff and the Vale will connue to transfer to local authority regional allocaon enhance their knowledge base regarding the true from 2019. impact of VAWDASV in the region and ensure data is captured on all services operang in the Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan local authories area. will be establishing formal partnership arrangements to take forward regional acvies WE WILL: including commissioning, and connuing Connually improve data collecon discussions with partners on the approach to methods to beer inform ongoing needs procuring specialist services in the region. assessment

15 Sexual Violence Strategic Group There will connue to be a degree of reporng Governance This group will ensure that sexual violence issues through local authority governance and oversight To move from a single authority to a regional including rape, sexual assault, sexual harassment, arrangements. This regional structure will be partnership arrangement, many of the exisng CSE and FGM are addressed strategically. connually monitored and reviewed to remain in reporng groups and structures required some line with other relevant structures. raonalisaon. The diagram below is the Professional Interest Forum proposed governance structure to be adopted in A means of sharing new and emerging research WE WILL: the region. The following strategic and over‐ projects and findings, best pracce examples and Implement and connually review arching groups are explained in more detail: evaluaons between all interested stakeholders governance arrangements including working in the sector. membership, to ensure they remain fit for Cardiff and Vale VAWDASV Steering Group purpose This overarching strategic group will ensure the delivery of the Strategy’s acon plan and have oversight of all issues pertaining to VAWDASV. It will also have links into other regional structures.

VAWDASV Execuve Groups These groups will connue to oversee the issues relang to VAWDASV in each local authority area, ensuring representaon from Educaon, Adults and Children’s services to address local service access and delivery and strategic issues.

Regional VAWDASV Commissioning Board A specific requirement of the Welsh Government, this Board will manage the commissioning of specialist service through assessing the needs of vicms, designing and securing services using the ‘analyse’, ‘plan’, ‘do’ and ‘review’ cycle.

Ask & Act, Educaon and Training Group This Group will oversee the planning and delivery of the Naonal Training Framework (see p.34) to public sector employees; ensuring schools, colleges and universies are aware of services and referral pathways; and to develop appropriate awareness‐raising materials.

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Available Specialist Services Dyn naonal male Cardiff and Vale New Pathways Mapping of services available across the region vicm service Health‐based IDVA delivers current shows that there are currently: Safer Wales Streetlife and historic sexual  1 One Stop Shop (Cardiff only) project for street sex abuse counselling  36 Independent Domesc Violence Advocates workers for women, men (IDVAs) and 5 Independent Sexual Violence Safer Wales and and children Advocates (ISVAs) Probaon Women’s Gwalia male refuge  84 units of specialist accommodaon pathfinder service  4 MARAC Coordinators overseeing 4 MARACs  2 VAWDASV Managers and 1 Domesc and Sexual Violence and Abuse Coordinator  9 specialist providers of vicm support services  2 providers of perpetrator programmes

Cardiff Women’s Aid (working as Triwriaeth with Bawso and Llamau) delivering the RISE Cardiff‐Cymru VAWDASV service for female vicms including One Stop Regional Sexual Assault Referral Shop, a range of Centre (SARC) crisis accommodaon/ refuge, floang Regional Specialist

support, specialist Domesc Violence children and young Court (SDVC) people support, IPAs and therapeuc work

Atal Y Fro provides stac and dispersed Bawso provides refuge, IDVA support, community human trafficking, intervenons, children and young people forced marriage support and perpetrator programmes / family and FGM services intervenons

17 Wider Collaboraon

The Home Office Violence Against Women and Girls Service Transformaon Fund (2017) provided an opportunity for commissioning partners to bid for funding that supported acvity that “seeks to embed Violence Against Women and Girls as ‘everyone’s business’ across agencies, services and the wider public, ensuring every vicm gets the support she needs ‐ and the support her children need ‐ at the right me.”  Change that Lasts ‐ early intervenon and  Ensuring availability of trained and trusted The South Wales Police and Crime Commissioner prevenon (to be trialled in Cardiff) professionals to Ask and Act was successful in being awarded £1.4m of this  Holisc services including work with  Providing specialist services to support both funding over three years to establish a strong perpetrators and families vicms and perpetrators foundaon that enables a whole systems 4. Raise awareness of all forms of VAWDASV, approach to improving the response to this issue thereby supporng community engagement Research also indicates that sex workers are and making a posive impact in relaon to all and empowerment. highly likely to be vicms of crime, but are vicms/survivors and wider communies across unlikely to report incidences to the police and the South Wales area. The collaboraon between The whole Programme will support the seek jusce. South Wales Police has secured all the commissioning bodies eligible for this overarching outcomes framework shown above. funding to enhance exisng provision in order to funding across South Wales (PCC, Health Boards The specific acvies to be undertaken during the be able to respond to these vulnerabilies and and local authories) was idenfied by the Home three year funded period include: address neighbourhood concerns associated with Office as a parcular strength of the bid. The prostuon. This includes the establishment of objecves of this whole systems approach are to:  Establishing a South Wales Regional dedicated Sex Work Liaison Police Officer’s in Collaborave Board to oversee the project both Swansea and Cardiff and addional 1. Improve strategic planning and commissioning  Establishing themac workstreams to explore dedicated advocacy services for those involved in of VAWDASV services, through a more soluons to a range of issues prostuon. This work is part of the wider coordinated partnership approach.  Establishing a South Wales Service Provider systems change iniaves that are being led by 2. Enhance and maximise on the evidence base Forum the Police and Crime Commissioner. underpinning pracce addressing VAWDASV,  Establishing South Wales Survivor Engagement through a collaborave shared learning processes WE WILL: approach.  Developing a South Wales regional learning Acvely assist with embedding a whole 3. Improve the service delivery landscape – network systems approach across the region through invesng in services in two key areas:  Delivering the ‘Ask Me’ Scheme and local Ambassadors

18 Survivor Engagement SURVIVORS’ VOICES SEEdS is a survivor The Welsh Government is seeking comments on parcipaon project its Survivor Engagement Framework. It states I love being part of this project and love the way it's that gives women who that “the purpose of a Naonal Survivor driving forward. I feel we can make real change and at have lived through all Engagement Framework is to ensure that the last it's not just me knocking on doors on my own. forms of domesc and needs and experiences of survivors of violence sexual violence and against women, domesc abuse and sexual The confidence and skills I have developed since joining abuse the opportunity violence, including the most marginalised SEEdS has enabled me to return to work after a period to share their experiences and influence change. survivors, those who face mulple disadvantage of uncertainty and lack of self-belief. The project brings together women from across a in accessing help and support, are understood. It number of South Wales regions and provides is also important that those for whom policy is I feel listened to, I feel valued and I feel an important training, support and resources as well as a safe made, are able to influence and guide that policy part of change space where survivors can learn from and and share what works for them.“ encourage one another. SEEdS has let me experience environments I have never

It works in partnership with agencies across the had the opportunity to see or be part of and I hope public and voluntary sectors to provide plaorms this will continue to be the case. where survivors can have a voice to inform the planning, development and delivery of violence SEEdS project is a hugely important part of my life. It against women services, including domesc is giving me the strength to move forward, regain my abuse and sexual violence. SEEdS parcipants are self-confidence, self-esteem and once again be the supported and encouraged to speak out about strong independent woman I was before my experience. their own and other survivor’s experiences of violence and abuse. This has included their To know my experiences will now influence other parcipaon and input into local campaigns Within the region this concept is fully supported women's experiences and implement change for the and subsequent publicity. SEEdS have worked to as it is acknowledged that the views of those with better, means that all that suffering was not in vain raise awareness about the reality of domesc protected characteriscs and those with abuse, sexual violence and all other forms of complex, mul‐faceted needs must also be and that light can arise from the darkness that is violence against women, so that it is understood, allowed the opportunity to input their views and violence against women. challenged and prevented. This is especially voices into service design and feedback. Any such helpful through delivery of training and speaking framework must be sustainable and at conferences. SEEdS representaves have geographically representave and the region will WE WILL: helped inform the development of this Strategy, fully support Welsh Government requirements in Acvely seek engagement and input from providing quotes and valuable input into the this area. vicms and survivors that represent all commitments made by partners. crime types and protected characteriscs.

19 Equality and Diversity Protected Characterisc Service Requirements Working to the Equalies Act 2010 and the Welsh Language Act 1993 which has been further Age  Acknowledge and understand the impacts of violence against women, domesc amended by the Welsh Language Measure 2011, abuse and sexual violence on older people seeking support and tailor services all partners in the region are mindful how they appropriately. respond to the diverse needs of vicms including  Deliver a range of age‐appropriate therapeuc intervenons for children and how they engage with, and meet the needs of, young people. vicms and their children with protected Disability  Ensure equitable access to services, especially informaon and advice and in characteriscs. Partners share the values of being accommodaon‐based support. open‐minded and respecul and have a  Develop referral pathways into other specialist support such as mental health and commitment to equality and diversity, substance misuse services acknowledging individuality and recognising that Gender Have clear policies and procedures in place for delivering services to transgender people are not a homogenous group of vicms. Reassignment vicms, especially in shared accommodaon‐based sengs and in group work – both in terms of keeping the vicm safe and managing any impact Partners require the same values to be displayed Pregnancy and Service provision should acknowledge and understand how violence against women, within the specialist services commissioned to Maternity domesc abuse and sexual violence is impacng on a vicm’s own wellbeing and on support vicms ‐ they must be commied to an‐ their capacity to form posive aachments and effecvely parent their children oppressive and an‐discriminatory pracce, Race Provide sensive and appropriate services for all vicms but specifically for those display non‐judgmental acceptance of the from a BME background who may experience addional barriers that may affect their vicm’s experiences and demonstrate ability to seek help and support and who may have addional needs. understanding and empathy. Services must be Religion / Have an awareness of the different requirements of a vicm’s religion/belief and inclusive, recognising the specific needs, and Belief meet these needs wherever possible, for example the use of prayer/contemplaon barriers to accessing support, of all vicms and rooms in the accommodaon‐based support sengs. their children, especially those with protected Sex  Deliver services that are informed by a gendered understanding of violence against characteriscs. women, domesc abuse and sexual violence to reflect the Violence Against Women, Domesc Abuse and Sexual Violence (Wales) 2015 Act. Services in the region are also required to  Ensure that children of any gender accompanying a vicm are provided with support any revised Equality and Human Rights appropriate support and posive mentoring. Commission (EHRC) stance on the delivery of Sexual Acknowledge and understand the effects of sexual orientaon on the abuse helplines, to ensure that male and female callers Orientaon experienced by vicms who are LGBT+. receive the same level of service. Welsh Facilitate response to inial enquiries in the Welsh language and ensure that all

Language publicity materials regarding services are bilingual.

“Equal rights, fair play, justice, are all like the air; we all have it, or none of us has it. That is the truth of it.” Maya Angelou

20

CHAPTER TWO

PURSUE

21 Address perpetrators by improving intelligence sharing across services and the use of legal powers to disrupt and convict. Criminal Jusce Response to convict perpetrators. In domesc violence There is no specific offence of 'domesc violence’ cases, if the vicm is willing to give evidence, it is or ‘domesc abuse'; however, the term can be All police first responders wear body cameras so more likely than not that the decision made will applied to a number of offences commied in a that events from the moment police respond to a be to prosecute. Where the vicm is not willing to domesc environment. The domesc nature of call‐out can be recorded to support a vicm’s case parcipate, prosecutors will need to give careful the offending behaviour is an aggravang factor and, where necessary, be used for vicmless consideraon to public interest factors, including because of the abuse of trust involved. prosecuons. Also known as evidence‐based the interests and safety of the complainant, other prosecuon, a vicmless prosecuon is where the family members and any children or other Some 11,302 incidents of domesc abuse were police or Crown Prosecuon Service progress a dependants. reported in the region in 2016/17, with a total of case without the cooperaon of an alleged vicm 5,067 recorded crimes as follows:

Cardiff Vale Assault 1,915 566 Harassment 929 353 Stalking 47 15 Coercive Control 25 9 Threat to Kill 17 4 TOTAL 3,837 1,230

The offence of coercive or controlling behaviour in an inmate or family relaonship became a criminal offence as part of the Serious Crime Act 2015. Coercive control is an act or a paern of acts of assault, threats, humiliaon and inmidaon or other abuse that is used to harm, punish, or frighten. This controlling behaviour is designed to make a person dependent by isolang them from support, exploing them, depriving them of independence and regulang their everyday behaviour.

22 Coercive control creates invisible chains and a There were 99 incidents of honour based violence sense of fear that pervades all elements of a and 37 recorded crimes in 2016/17. Of all vicm’s life. Experts such as Evan Stark liken recorded crimes, 10% were not progressed due to coercive control to being taken hostage. As he lack of evidence and a further 11% were not says: “the vicm becomes capve in an unreal progressed due to a lack of vicm engagement. 30 world created by the abuser, entrapped in a world cases of trafficking were reported in the region in of confusion, contradicon and fear.” This 16/17; 14 of the vicms were children (86% girls). offence is starng to become more recognised For sexual violence there were 1,011 recorded amongst professionals as specialist training is crimes in 2016/17 with a further 182 related to Female Genital Mulaon (FGM) is usually rolled out. In 2017, a total of 309 offences of historical abuse. 77% of vicms were female and carried out on young girls between infancy and coercive and controlling behaviour came before 23% of vicms were aged under 16. Some 69 the age of 15, most commonly before puberty the courts in England and Wales; 97% of perpetrators of sexual violence were also known starts. It is illegal in the UK and is child abuse. defendants were male (CPS.) domesc abuse offenders. Of all offenders, 33% The number of applicaons made for FGM were not convicted due to lack of evidence; a Protecon Orders (FGMPOs) remains very small Of the 5067 cases of recorded domesc abuse in further 12% due to lack of vicm engagement. across the UK. In total, there have been 205 Cardiff and the Vale, 27% were not progressed applicaons and 179 orders made in England and due to lack of evidence and a further 33% were The service in the Vale of Glamorgan now Wales up to the end of September 2017 since not progressed due to a lack of vicm responds to those experiencing sexual violence their introducon in July 2015. engagement. through a specialist team of police officers to invesgate and respond to rape and sexual WE WILL: In terms of Forced Marriage Protecon Orders assault. This new team will deliver experse and  Increase the number of posive (FMPO), the number of applicaons made confidence amongst fellow officers and vicms outcomes for vicms naonally is very small although figures suggest when dealing with such cases and will be able to  Enhance the monitoring of the an upward trend in their use. To date, only two ensure that more perpetrators are brought to outcomes of cases appearing before FMPOs have been granted in the region. jusce. Magistrates and Crown courts

“We remain committed to working collaboratively with our partners, focusing on early intervention and prevention to tackle abuse at its root as well as supporting police action and appropriate prosecutions…we will continue to drive this agenda by tackling the harmful attitudes that underpin these behaviours...and investing in Alun Michael, South Wales Police and Crime Commissioner evidence-based perpetrator interventions.”

23 all of which provides added value to the Integrated Offender Management management of this dangerous cohort.

This project is able to define, in its own terms, the scope of its acvies and therefore the cohort of offenders who form the subject of its acvies. It is therefore more responsive to operaonal need and as such provides a more sharply focused and flexible body of experse to tackle some of the In order to opmise collaboraon in the largest risks both agencies have to manage – with idenficaon, assessment and management of all the presentaonal and reputaonal benefits offenders who pose mul‐agency defined high this can bring. risk, threat and harm, the High Risk of Harm Project (Wales Integrated Serious and Dangerous The WISDOM project has adopted an evidence‐ Offender Management (WISDOM)) has been based approach, by using the available mul‐ South Wales Police use local, regional, naonal iniated. agency experse, with the aim of realising the and internaonal intelligence to undertake following benefits: specific, directed operaons and raids as The types of offenders within this definion will necessary to arrest and detain suspects and include sexual and violent offenders, serial  Enhanced informaon‐sharing arrangements in gather evidence. For example there could be domesc abuse perpetrators and serious and relaon to dangerous priority groups; specific operaons relang to human trafficking organised crime nominals, amongst other  Improved public protecon and community or CSE and also raids of commercial and/or dangerous priority groups. Key to the safety as well as reduced re‐offending of the residenal properes. These operaons and raids achievement of the WISDOM objecves is the most dangerous offenders in Wales; are oen undertaken collaboravely across a integraon of the statutory responsibilies of  Developed, evidence‐led, targeted approach to number of police areas, somemes referred to as police, probaon officers and prison staff, as well mul‐agency management of high risk of harm ‘County Lines’ operaons, with raids across as other social jusce partners such as health, by cohorts; different areas taking place simultaneously. harnessing their respecve experse. Inter‐  Greater efficiencies realised through beer agency working is not new, indeed this project integrated services and reduced duplicaon; draws on the experse the police and Probaon  Development of a vehicle through which bring by using exisng Integrated Offender lessons can be idenfied and mul‐agency Management principles in relaon to: learning can be shared to prompt invaluable systemic changes.  fundamental informaon‐sharing;  intensive, joint supervision and surveillance;  dynamic risk management and enforcement taccs,

24 A new approach to tackling perpetrators has MATAC Toolkit been successfully trialled in Scotland and Northumbria. Called Mul‐agency Tasking and Coordinaon (MATAC) it takes a similar Perpetrator Perpetrator ASB Injuncon approach to MARAC in having partners share engaging not ASB ABC/CBO The Drive Project currently delivered in Cwm Taf engaging the responsibility of tackling perpetrators of MAPPA referral will be extended to Cardiff from September 2018, domesc abuse through disrupon and ulising Home Office Transformaon Funding. direct support. Its aims include: Cocoon Watch Drive is a community‐based intervenon for Perpetrator PIN perpetrators of domesc abuse whose vicms are  programme Tackling the cause of the problem DVPO/DVPN assessed as at a high risk of significant harm or (perpetrators) referral fatality. The service offers a risk and needs led Prevenon Rehousing  Prevent domesc abuse related offending response that proacvely works with this  Improve vicm safety Claire’s Law potenally involuntary client group. The service is Adult at Risk  Improve criminal jusce outcomes Restraining Order delivered in the context of a mul‐agency  Improve partnership engagement Referral Target Hardening response, provides a tailored intervenon plan  Improve offender behaviour that meets needs, addresses offending and CJ Tags movates acve engagement in acvies that will A 'Recency, Frequency and Gravity' analysis Fire safety survey produce sustained behavioural change; whilst Substance idenfies the most harmful and oen serial Diversion keeping the risk to vicms paramount. Misuse Licence perpetrators to be targeted. Partnership Referral condions meengs are then held to determine what In Cardiff, perpetrators will be idenfied through mul‐agency intervenons can be Disrupon Noce the MATAC process, including intelligence from implemented. Partners will need to include Outstanding MARAC, MAPPA and WISDOM and they will Mental Housing, Probaon, Mental Health and Orders receive support from Safer Merthyr workers who Health Substance Misuse services. Links to MARAC have been involved in the Cwm Taf Drive pilot. Referral Outstanding and MAPPA must also be facilitated to Disrupon offences ensure ongoing vicm safety and to raise An important focus of work with perpetrators is awareness of the impact of any Arrest to increase the safety and wellbeing of survivors Housing intervenons. It is ancipated that this Outstanding bail and their children. The Cardiff RISE service will model will be implemented in Cardiff in the Assistance Tenancy work with Drive to ensure that vicms can be near future. supported and will contribute to effecve risk enforcement management. WE WILL: Revisit former Other mul‐ Trial and evaluate the MATAC Enforcement partners WE WILL: agency Evaluate the impact of Drive including Intervenon for perpetrators of Surveillance support domesc abuse impact on vicms and children

25 Working With Perpetrators Programmes Project Held For the period 2016/17, some 207 adults were on Name: Aimed at: Descripon: Jan‐Dec 2017: Community Orders with a domesc violence related index offence; of these 6% were female. Break 4 Adolescent A programme that supports parents/carer’s and young 2 in the Vale Only 79 offenders completed their Community Change to parent people in building healthy relaonships. The programme 1 in Cardiff Orders successfully. A further 94 adults were on Cymru violence aims to help the family break paerns. where a young = 9 families Licence with a domesc violence related index person in the home is: offence; 3% were female and only 48 completed  Controlling the home environment their Licences successfully.  Being violent or aggressive towards a parent  Making threats The HM Prison and Probaon Service is currently Choose to Male 24 week rolling programme for men who are movated to 1 in Cardiff transioning towards a new model of delivery for Change perpetrators make changes and willing to engage. They must be over 18 = 34 men Accredited Programmes for perpetrators of (Respect and cannot be on any other programme, or on bail or abuse. The ‘Kaizen’ programme is designed for accredited) waing for a court date. adult males assessed as high risk of reoffending with a high level of criminogenic need, All programmes adopt a strengths based, future individual work, underpinned by ‘Maps for irrespecve of the nature or type of their focused approach, paying aenon to the Change’ is also undertaken with sexual offenders. offending. ‘Becoming New Me+’ (BNM+) is the individuals needs of each parcipant and places equivalent of Kaizen but suitable for parcipants an emphasis on the Risk, Need and Responsivity Currently the only non‐Criminal Jusce with Learning Disability. ‘Horizon’ is designed for model of rehabilitaon. All programmes are community perpetrator provision available in the adult males who have been convicted of sexual underpinned by a commitment to inclusivity and region is the suite of programmes delivered by offences and who have been assessed as medium can be delivered as group work or on a 1‐1 basis. Atal y Fro’s EPIC project (show above). In addion risk and above of re‐convicon. ‘New Me Importantly, programmes can also be delivered they offer ‘Journey Beyond Abuse’ for women Strengths’ (NMS) is for individuals with Learning where an offender is in denial of their offending. who have used forced in a domescally abusive Disability who are assessed as medium risk and relaonship. However this funding is due to above. Both BNM+ and NMS have a ‘bolt on’ Currently the Wales Community Rehabilitaon cease in 18/19 and so alternave provision is module called ‘Living as New Life Me’ that Company deliver Building Beer Relaonships being explored, including preventave opons focuses on maintaining the strength and skills (BBR) group work programmes for domescally for those concerned about their own sexual learned from programmes. violent/abusive men in the community. ‘Horizon’ thoughts or behaviour and for young people is also delivered (as menoned above) and concerned about their behaviours.

“If you tackle male violence against women & girls, you tackle all the other issues.” Nazir Afzal OBE, formerly Crown Prosecuon Service and now Welsh Government Naonal Advisor

26 An important focus of work with perpetrators is to increase the safety and wellbeing of survivors Restorave Jusce and their children. Restorave jusce is the process of bringing together those harmed by crime or conflict with Respect, the organisaon that provides the those responsible for the harm to find a posive accreditaon for perpetrator programmes, has way forward. Following the provisions of the recently launched its revised standards Crime and Courts Act 2013, it is possible that (November 2017). The Respect Standard sets out sentencing can be deferred or adjourned for pre‐ an evidence‐based, safety‐focused framework sentence restorave jusce to take place. which idenfies good pracce and offers guidance for organisaons to ensure that they are meeng Cardiff Prison Under the Code of Pracce for Vicms of Crime the needs of service users safely and effecvely. It (October 2013), vicms are entled to take part in covers the whole cohort of perpetrators; men and A mul‐agency Specialist Domesc Violence Court restorave jusce techniques. Police policy does women in straight or same sex relaonships; (see p.57) Operaonal Group meets twice a year not support the use of restorave jusce for those movated to change and those who aren’t; to discuss the regional approach in handling domesc abuse and sexual violence in inmate and those presenng different levels of risk and cases. The Group considers the praccalies of (current or previous) partner cases and some need. It encompasses all work an organisaon trials from a vicm’s perspecve and ensures the familial abuse cases; the use of restorave jusce carries out with perpetrators, including: process runs as smoothly as possible for all is not seen to be appropriate. Therefore, concerned. restorave jusce should only take place aer  Early intervenon cauous consideraon and advice from experts.  Behaviour change programmes (groups or 1‐1) Examples include cases being listed on a Monday  High intensity case management with high risk to minimise disrupon, the use of IDVA/IPA In the cases where it is requested and felt perpetrators support to represent vicms and video‐ appropriate, restorave jusce or mediaon must  Disrupon acvies conferencing facilies in the Vale to support focus on a vicm's safety. Care should be taken to vicms who feel that aending court is too ensure the vicm is a willing parcipant and there Evidencing that they meet the Standard, traumac. The assistance of IDVA/ISVA/IPA needs are no coercive influences; this is because of the organisaons demonstrate their competence in to be extended to all vicms at all courts. nature of the relaonship between the working with perpetrators, with the safety of complainant and offender. A properly trained survivors and their children integral. The Code of Pracce for Vicms of Crime (Vicms' facilitator experienced in dealing with sensive Code) was introduced in 2006 and sets out the cases of this nature, should manage arrangements WE WILL: minimum levels of service which vicms can to ensure the vicm is not pressurised.  Improve monitoring and reporng of expect from agencies that are signatories to it. perpetrator programmes/intervenons For those who have not engaged with an IDVA/  Consider early intervenon opons for WE WILL: ISVA/IPA there may be support for court Connually review the guidance and those concerned about their behaviour representaon from Vicm’s Support.  Explore opons for delivering a range of approach to the use of restorave pracce community perpetrator intervenons for vicms of VAWDASV 27 Safe Use of Technology Encouraging Vicms to Report Although services’ capacity to respond is a real issue, this should not be a factor that impedes The reluctance of vicms of any form of the confidence of the public to report crimes. All VAWDASV to come forward and report to partners, whether statutory or third sector, need anyone, including the police, can involve a to work together to support each other’s number of factors: contribuon to tackling VAWDASV in all its forms.

 Vicms’ Percepons This strategy idenfies a number of opportunies Vicms oen feel shame, guilt, or are to support vicms to feel more confident in An online life is now taken for granted. immobilised by psychological or physical trauma, coming forward, thereby assisng the Criminal Smartphones, email, social networking, online and have a fear of not being believed; not even Jusce System to improve its intelligence of dang, chat rooms, blogs, online gaming, telling family or friends. Some believe in family/ perpetrators and improve the range of support Facebook, Twier, Snapchat and Instagram etc. religious values that encourage the maintenance services to vicms. Examples include: allow greater interacon than ever before. of the family unit at all costs and many connue However, these online interacons can easily to hope for the perpetrator's promises to change.  Training of first responders in all services to become abusive and harmful, and new recognise vulnerability and understand all technology and applicaons can be used as a  Perceived Powerlessness of Police types of VAWDASV and effects of coercive means of monitoring and controlling others. People see the police as being over‐stretched and control. Online abuse can include grooming of children oen minimise their experience as not worth  More collaborave approach through MASH and young people, cyberbullying and sexng. reporng and needing to take up police me. and MARAC processes and co‐locaon. The ability to seek a criminal sancon or civil  Assisng vicms with a named support worker As well as raising awareness with children and remedy can also be perceived as unlikely. This throughout their recovery journey such as an young people about these issues, adults are not ‘lack of confidence’ in the criminal jusce system IDVA/ISVA/IPA to advocate with services on immune from being vicms of online sexual is an important factor in reporng. their behalf. harassment, stalking, shaming, violent threats  More opportunies to disclose through and being targeted through dang websites and  Threat of Further Vicmisaon from the Community Ambassadors / Ask Me Scheme. chatrooms. Unfortunately these issues are of a Perpetrator and Authories global nature and must be tackled at naonal Fear of reprisals, either by the offender or his or Ulmately, the aim of all partners is to stop government levels. Locally however, partners can her family members or friends is a major reason repeat vicmisaon and so this requires a do more to alert people of potenal harm and for people's silence. Others do not report as they collaborave approach in giving confidence to make them more cauous about how they use cannot face the thought of taking their case vicms to report, which may also protect others and respond to this technology. through the courts, with the me and stress that from being abused in the future. can involve. Addionally they have to repeat WE WILL: their stories to a range of statutory services in WE WILL: Deliver local campaigns to highlight safe order to access health or housing services for Encourage and assist more vicms to seek use of technology example. criminal sancons and civil remedies

28

CHAPTER THREE

PREVENT

29 Pro‐acvely address negave atudes and behaviours that have the potenal to result in VAWDASV, recognising this as everyone’s business.

Educaonal Sengs  Barnardo’s Cymru ‘Seraf Service’ has produced Estyn were asked by Welsh Government to One way to address atudes of violence towards the ‘Hidden’ and ‘What’s Happening Frankie?’ undertake a Themac Review to evaluate the women and girls is to start with children and school resources – 2 lesson plans and quality of provision for healthy relaonships young people. Beginning at a young age to extensive acvies looking at child sexual educaon in schools in Wales. The resulng explore gender stereotyping and what a healthy exploitaon targeted at 14‐18 year olds. report published in 2017 idenfies strategies to relaonship looks like, will equip young people to  Hafan’s ‘Spectrum’ Programme ‐ an All Wales support schools in improving provision and noce the signs of unhealthy symptoms in their Healthy Relaonships Programme funded by outcomes for pupils and made the following own and other’s relaonships and will heighten Welsh Government that is delivered by recommendaons: their awareness of potenal exploitaon. qualified and experienced teachers in all types of schools. Spectrum also offers briefings on  Implement Welsh Government guidance to Welsh Government and Welsh Women’s Aid whole school approaches that can be provide a whole‐school approach to produced a good pracce guide in 2015 called delivered to school staff and governors. prevenng VAWDASV. ‘Keeping learners safe’ to support the VAWDASV  Ensure that key messages around healthy Act. The guide provides advice for primary and Cardiff Vale relaonships are embedded in the curriculum Primary secondary schools on how to develop, embed Total schools 97 49 and reinforced regularly. and successfully deliver a whole‐school approach  Build on best pracce idenfied in the report. Schools accessed 9 (9%) 9 (18%) to promong gender equality and in challenging  Local authories and regional consora should VAWDASV. In 2016, the Welsh Government also Pupils taught 576 613 ensure that all staff who work in schools produced a guide for school governors on the Secondary complete the training set out in the Naonal Total schools 19 9 issues surrounding VAWDASV and the acons Training Framework. that they can take to make their schools safer. In Schools accessed 7 (37%) 6 (67%) the same year they worked with the Children’s The Welsh Government will also be developing Pupils taught 2003 1168 Commissioner, NSPCC, Cardiff University, Welsh statutory guidance under secon 15 of the Act Women’s Aid and young people to produce The table above shows the impact of the and regulaons to place a duty on local ‘AGENDA: A young people’s guide to making Spectrum programme across the region during authories to report annually on the acon they posive relaonships maer’. This resource 2016/17. Clearly there is more to be done to are taking, including within schools. However, no includes a range of acvies for schools to use enhance take‐up to ensure equitable access to requirements have yet been made of private with young people. this key resource for all children, as well as schools and home‐schooled children. connued engagement with schools year on There are a number of programmes raising year. Obviously such training can generate WE WILL: awareness about all forms of VAWDASV currently disclosures from both pupils and staff following Connue to promote and monitor delivered to pupils through PSE sessions in all these sessions. Unfortunately the extent of these educaon‐based acvies across the schools. The following resources are promoted is not known as this informaon is not collated region to include ‘hard to reach’ children widely across the region: centrally. 30 Every school in Wales is being encouraged by Public Health Wales to take up a new training CASE STUDY package so that staff can help pupils overcome Sian is a year two student; during her first year she was accommodated in University halls. the damaging effects of early childhood trauma. During her second year she rented a shared house with three of her female friends. This Staff will be offered training to make them more house accommodated 8 students in total, Sian knew of the other students but they were aware of the life‐long impact adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have on pupils (see p.45). not on the same course as her; there were three males and two females, two of the other males were also attending a different University nearby. A pilot project has been funded by the Home Office Police Innovaon Fund and the South Over a period of time one of the housemates known as Simon, became infatuated with Wales Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC), Sian, asking her out on dates and coming on to her suggestively during house parties. resulng in a training package being made However Sian always spurned his advances and Simon would become verbally aggressive available to all primary and secondary schools in toward her, calling her a slut. As time went on Simon disclosed that he masturbated when Wales from mid 2018. The pilot schools received she was in the shower stating he dreamt of raping her and that she should always keep an inial introducon to ACEs awareness her door locked, then would go on to say he was joking. He would brush up against her delivered by Barnardo's Cymru and the NSPCC, then two further sessions from educaonal whilst she was cooking in the kitchen and rub himself suggestively against her clothing, psychologists focusing on how to support children and would often brush past her touching her breast. affected by trauma. Sian began to withdraw and her studies were affected, she was reluctant to disclose Barnardo's Cymru has been working on a whole‐ anything as when things were witnessed by her housemates they brushed off Simon’s school approach to building resilience called behaviour stating he was only messing, showing off, just being a lad and to take no notice PATHS© programme. Youngsters have been of him. Things became overwhelming for Sian and she became tearful in one of her lessons, taught how to recognise their emoons and she confided in her personal tutor who initially did not know what to do but told her to handle them beer, look aer children who look sad or lonely in the playground and feel more report to the Police. She was also advised to contact a specialist service after speaking to posive about themselves. a counsellor at the University. She eventually built up the courage to do so and they supported her and offered counselling, they explained what her options were in relation to Addionally, the School Standards and the law and what help was available. Organisaon (Wales) Act 2013, requires local authories to make reasonable provision of With advocacy support, Sian told the University advice centre and accessed their counselling independent counselling services for children and service and eventually reported the matter to the police. Simon was arrested and given bail young people aged between 11‐18 and pupils in conditions removing him from the accommodation, prohibiting him from having any direct Year 6 of primary school. or indirect contact with Sian. The University was dealt with the perpetrator internally too, being suspended from lessons, pending an investigation.

31 South Wales Police have Schools Liaison Officers  Hidden Hurt – Year 9. This lesson, with the use to deliver awareness sessions to school children of a DVD entled ‘Hidden Hurt’, focuses on a and to ensure a posive relaonship between young couple called Carys and Rhys. The lesson pupils, staff and the Police as part of its helps young people to understand the different community policing funcon. These Officers forms of domesc abuse and through the use deliver sessions to different school years on a of interacve acvies pupils are empowered range of topics within the VAWDASV agenda: to idenfy the warning signs of an abusive relaonship. Scenarios are used to help the  Safe Haven – Year 2. This lesson sensively pupils idenfy how to access help and support. introduces the concept of domesc abuse.  No Means No – Years 10‐11. This lesson Through the use of role‐play, story me and introduces the concept of consent and other interacve acvies, it helps children develops strategies to empower young people explore and understand difficult emoons. The  Risky Pics – Year 7. An internaonal award to understand sexual consent. Pupils watch a lesson also highlights the importance of talking winning film provides the focal point of this DVD clip to trigger group discussion around to a trusted adult if they feel unsafe or lesson where Erin, a schoolgirl makes the sexual consent, the law and its consequences uncomfortable. decision to send an indecent image of herself and explore scenarios to enable them to make  Friend or Foe – Year 4. The lesson raises to her boyfriend. The film presents the informed decisions. The lesson also highlights awareness with pupils that it’s not possible to consequences for Erin when she presses 'send' local and naonal support agencies. tell what a person is like just by their and shows the different course of events when appearance. It helps idenfy potenally she chooses to 'delete'. Pupils discuss the dangerous situaons and explores coping social and emoonal consequences of sexng strategies. A short DVD called ‘Anwen’s Story’ and discover what the law says. Pupils are then highlights the importance of talking to a signposted to help available. trusted adult if they feel unsafe or  Dangerous Decepon – Year 9. Based on a uncomfortable. real life event, a DVD describes the story of Students studying at college or university away  The Right to Be Safe – Year 6. This lesson Lucy who is groomed by a man, who contacted from home for the first me can find themselves focuses on all children and young peoples' right her on the Internet, posing as a model agency. vulnerable to sexual assault, violence and abuse. to feel safe. Through class acvies and group Lucy soon becomes a vicm of CSE. Using All further and higher educaon bodies have a work, pupils are asked to consider various safe discussion and interacve acvies, the lesson duty of care to support the pastoral needs of all and unsafe situaons, how risks can be focuses on idenfying early warning signs and students and this includes their health and reduced, and who they can turn to if they need encourages pupils to make posive choices and emoonal wellbeing. Examples of current good help or support. keep safe. pracce provided in the region include:

“The first 5 years have so much to do with how the next 80 turn out.” Bill Gates 32  Cardiff University, the University of South Wales (USW) and Cardiff Met are part of the Safe Taxi Scheme with Dragon Taxis. This emergency‐only service ensures students return safely to their homes, halls or can be taken to hospital or local police staons.

 The Bystander Iniave is an evidence‐based programme for the prevenon of sexual coercion and domesc abuse in university  Cardiff University has recently launched their  All Students Unions parcipate in campaigns sengs, through empowering students to act Disclosure Response Team to support such as White Ribbon and promote this to the as prosocial cizens. It is delivered through a students who have experienced violence or 66,000 students in the region. programme of eight facilitated sessions with abuse. accompanying resources.  Cardiff Met have specialist team of qualified Although there is a good range of responses being  South Wales PCC and the alcohol educaon internaonal welfare advisors who have made by universies, closer links need to made charity Drinkaware have come together with specific responsibility for the safety and with all further and higher educaon facilies in student unions to launch a scheme to welfare of their transnaonal students; 20% of the region to ensure that best pracce is shared, safeguard students and raise awareness of all students in the region. They are trained to consistently adopted, and that current pathways sexual harassment within the night me assess vulnerabilies, parcularly in relaon to to specialist support are known and understood. economy. Specially trained staff, known as cultural isolaon and alienaon. Drinkaware Crew, will work in a number of  Professionals from specialist providers and WE WILL: student venues across South Wales to support statutory partners supplement teaching on Give support to all higher and further customers who are vulnerable as a result of university courses at undergraduate and post‐ educaon establishments to have a drinking too much and prevent them from graduate levels, sharing their experience and consistent and visible approach to tackling potenally becoming vicms of crime. knowledge of key issues relang to VAWDASV. VAWDASV and in managing disclosures

33 Naonal Training Framework In order that jusce is effecve it is imperave ancipated that this training will be delivered to that judges and magistrates also undertake staff in class‐based sessions lasng 1 day. This Framework and materials have been regular training to understand the impact of developed by the Welsh Government to ensure a VAWDASV on vicms and their families. Group 3 is for staff in roles where the client consistent and strengthened formal response to group is likely to have experienced a form of vicms from all public services in Wales. It is In the region all public sector staff will receive the violence against women, domesc abuse and/or acknowledged that many vicms may be in Group 1 e‐learning which provides an sexual violence or in a seng or locaon which is contact with housing, social care, health and introducon to violence against women, domesc reason alone to ‘Ask & Act’ (midwifery, mental educaon services and each of these is ideally abuse and sexual violence. This is hosted in‐house health, child maltreatment). This experience placed to provide a gateway into specialist in both local authories and accessed via the All complicates and impacts on the nature of the support services. However it is recognised that Wales Academy NHS hosng site for health staff. client’s engagement with that role. staff in these services are not currently equipped For those staff who work predominantly off‐site in to deliver a sasfactory response to vicms, due manual roles, the e‐learning has been adapted Groups 2 and 3 connue to be piloted by the to lack of confidence in knowing how to discuss into a presentaon that can be delivered in Welsh Government with the expectaon that the topic and where to signpost for support. facilitated group sengs, generang discussion each region ulises the ‘Train the Trainer’ and ensuring understanding by all. approach to roll‐out. Both group 2 and Group 3 The Framework is delivered via specific levels to sessions will be co‐delivered by specialist IDVAs/ recognise the various staff roles and their ability For all staff, a quesonnaire both before and aer IPAs. Regionally the following addional modules to interact with, signpost and support vicms. In the e‐learning, will assess prior knowledge of the will be developed, accredited and delivered to addion to these levels (next page), there can be issues being discussed and how aware staff feel Groups 2 and 3 aendees: a number of bolt‐on modules delivered through a once they have completed the e‐learning.  Human Trafficking  Sex workers specialist subject syllabus, which can be designed locally but must be accredited by the Welsh Group 2 is concerned with the VAWDASV Act  Stalking  Female Genital Mulaon Government. Relevant Authories (local requirement to ‘Ask and Act’. This will be for staff authories, Health and Fire Service) have that come into daily contact with paents/clients/ Group 4 will deliver addional skills to specialist developed 5 year training plans to set out how tenants/cizens as part of their role and have the third sector workers, and Group 5 will similarly this Framework will be delivered (see p.36‐37). ability to enquire about VAWDASV where they address the managers of specialist services. Welsh feel this may be a factor. The training will equip Government has awarded a contract to Welsh staff to ask the right quesons and understand Women’s Aid to deliver this training. the local pathways to signpost vicms into specialist support services. In the region it is

"Sometimes you just want someone to ask you. You don't know how to bring up that you're a victim of abuse but you are hoping for an opportunity to tell someone who will understand." Domesc Abuse Survivor, South Wales

34 Finally, Group 6 is aimed at strategic Leaders who To take forward the approach to roll‐out, each case study around a sexual assault on a have a responsibility to foster a culture and relevant authority has internal oversight of Group vulnerable female. infrastructure in which VAWDASV are 1 training but for other Groups this is facilitated  SCAIDP – (Specialist Child Abuse Invesgators acknowledged as issues which may affect the and coordinated by a joint steering group. There Development Programme) – 3 week specialist workforce, the client group, friends and family. is a need to integrate this Framework with other course aimed at child protecon officers in This will be delivered through the Strengthening safeguarding training. PPU. Also includes case study scenario Leadership Series of short films, each on an involving neglect of a female child. important issue related to VAWDASV. As a non‐devolved body, South Wales Police are not required to adopt the NTF; nevertheless it The majority of the above courses are specialist Below is a summary of the delivery methodology requires officers to undertake a range of relevant courses that Criminal Intelligence Dept/Public for the Naonal Training Framework: training and awareness around violence against Protecon Unit/Major Crime teams receive. women and sexual violence. This includes: Response officers also receive training on stalking Level Aimed at Method Total and recognising vulnerability and how to inially Staff  SOFR – (Sexual Offences First Responder) – 3 respond and make the correct referrals. All have Group 6 Strategic leaders Videos 72 day course aimed at first responders to sexual refresher training on an annual basis. assaults and rapes. This is for response officers Specialist service Class 12 Group 5 and a pre‐requisite for officers aending the Overleaf is the 5 year training plan for all Relevant managers working in based VAWDASV sector SOIT course. Authories across the region. South Wales Fire  SOIT – (Sexual Offences Invesgaon Trained) and Rescue Service and the Wales Ambulance Group 4 Specialist workers in Class 42 – 5 day course aimed at invesgators of sexual Services NHS Trust will deliver their Framework VAWDASV sector based assaults and rapes. through a separate approach in collaboraon with  PIP 2 Witness and Suspect – both of these Welsh Government. It is unclear whether the Group 3 Individuals in Class 1,726 courses are 5 day. Threaded through both are Naonal Probaon Service or the Wales champion roles based supporng colleagues scenarios around a sexual assault and domesc Community Rehabilitaon Company will be and family members violence incident. This is now being delivered adopng the Framework. of those affected. to CID, PPU and HUB officers as part of a PIP 2 Roles requiring more pathway. than Ask & Act  Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery – a WE WILL:  Liaise with the Judicial College to Group 2 Professionals likely to Class 24,782 number of courses are delivered including a First responder and SIO course. ensure Magistrates are trained in be in relevant roles, Based i.e. treang or working  Proacve – One scenario within this five day VAWDASV awareness and sentencing with someone as a course includes a Human Trafficking scenario. guidelines result of violence and  SAAIDP – (Serious Adult Abuse Invesgators  Implement the regional training plan to abuse (Ask & Act) Development Programme) – 3 week specialist ensure all staff are trained in accordance with the Naonal Training Group 1 All public sector staff E‐learning 34,493 course aimed at officers working within Vulnerable Adult arena in PPU. This includes a Framework

35 COMBINED 5 YEAR NATIONAL TRAINING FRAMEWORK PLAN

36 COMBINED 5 YEAR NATIONAL TRAINING FRAMEWORK PLAN Cont...

37 Early Intervenon In the region, funding was redistributed in 2017/18 to ensure some resource was targeted at Upon taking the courage to contact services, standard risk vicms to prevent escalaon of risk vicms of VAWDASV require the response of and to ensure ongoing safety. specialist staff that can give non‐judgmental advice and who will: However, as part of the Transformaon Fund The level of response will depend on their  validate their experience of violence against approach, all services in the region will be circumstances and role. They will be empowered women, domesc abuse and sexual violence; exploring how to make the shi from a purely risk to act as a gateway, not a barrier, to whatever the  explain the gendered understanding of the ‐based to a needs‐led service model or at least a individual vicm needs at that point. This scheme relevant abuse being experienced; combinaon of the two. Risk is recognised as a will target professionals and local community  explain the range of service opons available safety need, but the approach to service delivery workers who fall outside the scope of the and the general arrangements for access, must consider the wider array of needs and statutory ‘Ask and Act’ guidance. Examples of engagement criteria and expectaons; resources vicms have. potenal ‘Ask Me’ points (not limited) include:  offer praccal safety planning support. An element of the Transformaon Fund that is  Hairdressers Such contact points need to be able to assist with being piloted in Cardiff, with the learning shared  Shop assistants any form of VAWDASV. The naonal Live Fear across the region, is the ‘Ask Me’ Ambassador  Local community champions, e.g. Women’s Institute Free, and local specialist service provider scheme. Volunteers who live and work in local representatives helplines and One Stop Shops can offer advice to communies will be equipped with the basic  Avon representatives vicms, friends, family and professionals alike. skills, knowledge and tools to have a supporve  Job centre personnel conversaon and provide an inial appropriate  Community centres response to their clients who are experiencing  Food banks abuse. The Ask Me scheme tells survivors of  Youth centres domesc abuse that the individual:  Court personnel  Licensed premises  Is inving them to disclose they are experiencing domesc abuse;  Will give them enough informaon about The opportunity to act sooner will ensure that Another indicaon of early help‐seeking is a 999 immediate opons to take the next step further harm is minimised and vicms can be call to the Police. Following a call‐out, South towards safety, freedom and independence. supported to recover from their experiences. Wales Police refer cases to specialist services WE WILL: including the SARC and third sector providers. The scheme does not expect that all Ambassadors  Priorise funding for early intervenon High risk domesc violence cases may be referred will become experts in abuse, case workers or be services that prevent all forms of to MARAC and are dealt with by agencies significantly diverted from their day to day job. VAWDASV immediately, contact with medium and standard The purpose is to ensure that they will, as a  Implement the Ask Me Ambassador risk vicms can be less responsive. minimum, act as a point of safe disclosure to pilot in Cardiff and share the learning enable access to appropriate support and safety.

38 Any culture that minimises, trivialises or excuses and unambiguous agreement, expressed Sexual Violence sexual violence, and shis responsibility away outwardly through mutually understandable Sexual violence is a serious public health and from perpetrators and onto vicms means that words or acons, to engage in a parcular human rights problem with both short‐ and long‐ individuals, organisaons and communies are acvity.” Consent can be withdrawn by either term consequences for an individual’s physical, less likely to respond. This culture is oen party at any point. Consent must be voluntarily mental, and sexual health. Whether occurring in referred to as ‘rape culture’. given and may not be valid if a person is being the context of an inmate partnership, within the subjected to acons or behaviours that elicit larger family or community structure, or during Sexual harassment is oen normalised as a social emoonal, psychological, physical, reputaonal, mes of conflict, it is a deeply violang and nuisance—in the workplace, on public transport financial pressure, threat, inmidaon, or fear painful experience. The consequences on a and in the street. Sexual violence and the (coercion or force). Consent to engage in one vicm’s psychological wellbeing can be far‐ atudes that condone it are learned. If atudes sexual acvity, or past agreement to engage in a reaching including guilt, anger, anxiety, are to be changed, social culture and the parcular sexual acvity, cannot be presumed to depression, post‐traumac stress disorder, sexual influences that shape it must also be challenged. constute consent to engage in a different sexual dysfuncon, somac complaints, sleep This involves the way boys and girls are raised, the acvity or to engage again in a sexual acvity. disturbances, withdrawal from relaonships and way men’s and women’s relaonships are Consent cannot be validly given by a person who in a number of cases, aempted suicide. portrayed in the media and popular culture, and is incapacitated. the stance leaders and key influencers visibly take on this issue. The ‘Cup of Tea’ Gang YouTube video (see link rape Murder South Wales Police & Crime Commissioner (PCC) on p.12) is a very useful Rape Molestaon is aware that sexual harassment is oen resource that explains Culture Rape Violence thoughtless, wholly inappropriate and extremely consent in simple terms. Sexual Groping personal, it can also be of a criminal nature and Presumed consent is coercion Safe word more oen than not goes unreported. Working oen central to trials, especially those involving Threatening violaons with partners to shape their approach to this public or prominent figures and fuels public Dosing Covert condom removal issue, and with the support of Welsh opinion on this issue. The current groundswell of Stalking Non‐consensual Government and the other Welsh Police publicity on this issue can only serve to raise photos forces, the South Wales PCC will be awareness and improve service responses. Unsolicited “Revenge Cat‐calling commissioning a survey aimed at personal porn” Whistling obtaining a fuller understanding WE WILL: photos of the scale of unreported sexual  Provide a male ISVA at the SARC Rape jokes “Boys will be boys” Unequal pay harassment.  Work with the South Wales Police & Crime Commissioner to gain a greater “Girls should Vicm “Locker room Sexist Integral to this issue is understanding of sexual harassment stay home” blaming banter” atudes the concept of consent.  These are not isolated incidents. The atudes and acon on the boom ers Raise awareness of consent at all This is defined as “a clear opportunies reinforce and excuse those higher up. This is systemac. 39 Stalking Honour‐Based Violence / Forced Marriage

Stalking can be hard to define and prove. While a small proporon of stalkers are strangers, most are known to their vicm ‐ the majority are ex‐ partners (parcularly those who were abusive). Stalking indicates a high risk of serious harm, making idenficaon very important and potenally lifesaving. Stalking examples include:

 following a person  contacng, or aempng to contact, a person by any means The terms ‘honour crime’, ‘honour‐based  publishing any statement or other material violence’ or ‘izzat’ embrace a variety of crimes of relang or purporng to relate to a person, or violence (mainly but not exclusively against purporng to originate from a person women), including assault, imprisonment and  monitoring the use by a person of the murder where the person is being punished by internet, email or other electronic their family or their community. They are being communicaon punished for actually, or allegedly, undermining  loitering in any place (whether public or what the family or community believes to be the private) including the vicm’s workplace correct code of behaviour. In transgressing this  interfering with any property in the possession code, the person shows that they have not been of a person properly controlled to conform and this is to the  watching or spying on a person “shame” or “dishonour” of the family. It can be disnguished from other forms of abuse, as it is Stalking is rarely reported to police ‐ vicms are oen commied with some degree of approval unsure what support can be offered. All partners and/or collusion from family and/or community in the region need to do more to raise awareness members. Vicms will have mulple perpetrators that stalking is a crime. Partners and the public and not only in the UK; Honour‐Based Violence need to be clear on how to spot the signs, feel (HBV) can be a trigger for a forced marriage. confident to report and record evidence to support the criminal jusce process. A forced marriage is where one or both people do not consent to the marriage and pressure or WE WILL: abuse is used. Pressure can include threats, Improve awareness of stalking and physical or sexual violence and financial pressure. promote the praccal steps to reporng 40 This is different to an arranged marriage, where Female Genital Mulaon (FGM) October 2015 and rafied both pares have consented to the union but in July 2016. Specific feel free to refuse if they want to. Child FGM is a procedure where the female genitals mandatory training for marriage is any formal marriage or informal are deliberately cut, injured or changed, but Midwives has been in place union where one or both people are under 18 where there's no medical reason for this to be since 2014; bespoke years old. All child marriages are forced, done. It's also known as "female circumcision" training has also been because a child cannot provide informed or "cung", and by other terms such as sunna, delivered to targeted areas consent, and are therefore a violaon of gudniin, halalays, tahur, megrez and khitan, across Health in the Sexual children’s rights. Child marriage also affects among others. Assault Referral Centre boys, but to a lesser degree than girls. (SARC), Sexual Health and The UK Government and UNICEF hosted the first Gynaecology departments. ‘Girl Summit’ in July 2014 aimed at mobilising Online FGM training naonal and internaonal efforts to end Female endorsed by the Home Genital Mulaon (FGM) as roune pracce in Office is accessible to all some countries across the world. Health staff.

In 2015 a number of amendments were made Since October 2016 Health Boards must provide to the UK’s Female Genital Mulaon Act 2003 quarterly updates to Welsh Government through the Serious Crime Act 2015. Secon 4 of idenfying FGM, this also includes referrals made the 2003 Act specifies that extra‐territorial to Children’s Services where mothers of female jurisdicon extends to prohibit acts done children are idenfied as having experienced outside the UK by a UK naonal or a person who FGM. These referrals ensures that professionals Wider acknowledgement is also needed that is resident in the UK. Considered with that are aware of an increased risk that any female forced marriage can also take place between change, secon 70 (1) of the Serious Crime Act children may also experience FGM in the future. those with disabilies. For instance, in 2017, 125 also amends Secon 3 of the 2003 Act (offence In the year July 2016‐June 2017 there were 199 of all cases (12%) involved vicms who had a of assisng a non‐UK person to mulate idenfied cases of FGM, resulng in 86 child learning disability. Of these 66 (52.8%) were overseas a girl’s genitalia) so that it extends to protecon referrals. male and 59 (47.2%) were female (Forced acts of FGM done to a UK naonal or a person Marriage Unit 2018). Similarly, forced marriage who is resident in the UK. It is essenal that the safeguarding leads in affects many different communies including schools are aware of FGM and have ensured that Gypsies & Travellers. This Act has placed a mandatory reporng duty their staff are aware of the potenal risks. This on health professionals to report ‘known’ cases includes awareness of the new FGM clinic and WE WILL: of FGM in under 18 year olds to the police; this referral methods (see page 65). Improve understanding of how forced duty has been in force since October 2015. The marriage affects individuals with All Wales Clinical Pathway for FGM was created WE WILL: protected characteriscs and completed by a task and finish group in Increase FGM referrals from schools 41 Health Based IDVA In addion, the Health IDVA’s role within the hospital is ulised by safeguarding partner Supporng the work of the health‐based ISVA’s, agencies working within the Cardiff Mul‐Agency the Health Independent Domesc Violence Safeguarding Hub (MASH) and both local MARACs Advisor (IDVA) within Cardiff and Vale University to reach and offer support to hidden clients who Health Board (C&V UHB) supports paents and are not engaging with other services but are staff members who are experiencing domesc accessing hospital services. abuse. The Health IDVA receives referrals from Furthermore, the Health IDVA provides regular across C&V UHB and is able to meet with paents training to health professionals and promotes at me of disclosure in a hospital seng. For awareness of domesc abuse and specialist referrals received out of hours, the Health IDVA support services through aending departmental will contact the client and can meet them in the meengs and presenng at various conferences. community ulising GP surgeries and partner agency premises, however health staff are In line with the South Wales Police and Crime signposted to contact out of hours partner Commissioner’s Tackling Violence against Women agencies for immediate advice if necessary. For and Girls Plan 2014‐17, and in parcular it’s be reporng to the police or accessing domesc those clients that accept support, an assessment objecve to improve early idenficaon and abuse services but will be accessing health is completed, along with a safety and support intervenon, health services have an important services. The Health IDVA role can help to plan, which may include referrals to other role to play in idenfying hidden vicms of increase the confidence of health praconers in services, usually mul‐agency partners and third domesc abuse and can provide a gateway for asking about domesc abuse and responding to sector specialist agencies. paents to access support. Many vicms may not disclosures, as they have a direct and easy pathway to refer paents for IDVA support within C&V UHB. Health praconers can also contact the Health IDVA for support and advice.

This service in C&V UHB is unique in Wales. The Health IDVA post is now a full‐me permanent posion following part‐funding from the South Wales Police and Crime Commissioner for the first 2 years. The post has been successfully idenfying vicms at the point of aendance in A&E and providing early intervenon and support to vicms. Staff working within the department have received addional training and the Ask & Act process is completed here as well as in other departments across the Health Board.

42 Night Time Economy Partners have introduced a number of acons in Sex Workers order to ensure women are safe from domesc Cardiff has a thriving dayme economy and is and sexual violence in the night me economy. In 2006 the Home Office published ‘A renowned for successfully hosng large sporng These have included the expansion of the Safe Coordinated Prostuon Strategy’ stang that and cultural events, with local and regional Taxi scheme for students and training for door addressing prostuon requires strong residents travelling for work and pleasure. Based staff to spot and assist those who are vulnerable. partnerships, involving a wide range of on this success and as one of the fastest growing The links between domesc and sexual violence enforcement and support agencies. The Strategy cies in the UK, the popularity of Cardiff’s night and excessive alcohol consumpon have also was welcomed but however focussed mainly on me economy can only be expected to increase. A been acknowledged. A number of acons have visible street‐based sex workers, considering broad definion of this economy is that it occurs already been outlined in the Delivering a Safe and them vicms of exploitaon. This was an between 6pm and 6am and involves a wide range Welcoming Night Time Economy’ strategy 2017‐ important move, however did not offer guidance of leisure acvies (pubs, clubs, live music, 2022 that support the VAWDASV agenda: on supporng those working in the commercial cinemas, theatres, retail, cafes and restaurants) as off‐street sex industry, which accounts for the well as the services that exist to support them  Improve lighng in areas of the city where a largest number of sex workers and includes (policing, transport, enforcement, street cleansing need is idenfied. massage parlours, lap dancing clubs, escort including rubbish removal and health services).  Consider and review the need for safe spaces agencies and those selling sex via the Internet. at night where individuals can go to wait for friends, charge phones and receive first aid and Many men and women who become involved in advice. the industry are oen vicms of childhood and/or  Maintain and build on relaonship with the adult trauma and damage resulng from domesc Taxi Forum to develop the role of taxi drivers and/or sexual abuse, neglect and CSE. Many are as ambassadors for safeguarding. oen vicms of poverty, use substances and are  Work with licensed premises in the city centre vulnerable to exploitaon. Street sex workers are to expand vulnerability awareness training to oen caught in the revolving door of the criminal door staff. jusce system where arrest and penales do not Drinkaware’s “Its Ok to Ask” Campaign  Funding has been secured to enhance the address the behaviour. provision of the Stay Safe joint project with the It is recognised that for some people the night aim of protecng vulnerable young people at me economy does not always feel very key mes during the week and for parcular welcoming and can occasionally feel unsafe. dates e.g. Bonfire Night, Halloween and a pop While 96.3% of people surveyed felt safe walking and rock concerts and similar events. in the city centre in daylight, this reduces to 56% aer dark. Gender is also a factor in percepons WE WILL: of safety. Less than half of females (49.0%) felt Assist with implemenng the acons from safe when walking in the city centre aer dark the ‘Delivering a Safe and Welcoming compared to two thirds of males (64.9%). Night Time Economy’ strategy

43 All those engaged in sex work, whether by choice Trafficking and Modern Slavery or exploitaon, experience an increased risk of physical, emoonal and sexual violence. All Human trafficking is a form of modern‐day partners must promote the acceptance of the slavery, in which human beings are controlled and principle that sex workers are oen vicms of exploited for profit. Perpetrators use force, fraud crime who have enhanced vulnerabilies. This will or coercion to manipulate and establish control facilitate increased confidence of sex workers to over individuals. Various forms of modern slavery report abuse, bolstering the exisng Naonal Ugly exist around the world, including forced labour, Mugs scheme that collates data on perpetrators. sex trafficking, child labour, commercial sexual exploitaon of children and child soldiers. 30 trafficking offences The Streetlife project in were reported in 16/17 Trafficked persons oen have limited access to Cardiff acvely supports 70 basic necessies such as safety, food, sleep, street‐based sex workers at hygiene, and medical care. any me to undertake sex work safely, offering advice, The Naonal Referral Mechanism (NRM) is a health screening, condoms framework for idenfying vicms and ensuring and the opportunity to they receive the appropriate support. The NRM discuss opons for exing. For those that have was introduced in 2009 to meet the UK’s chosen to exit prostuon, the Ty Tarian obligaons under the Council of European supported housing scheme is being piloted to Convenon on Acon against Trafficking in support up to 5 women to manage their complex Human Beings. From 2015 the NRM was extended issues and consider alternave life paths. to all vicms of modern slavery in England and Wales following the Modern Slavery Act 2015; Off street sex work includes 5 massage parlours (17 such referrals were made in 2016/17). in Cardiff, with approximately 50 women working Statutory staff can receive training on how to in this area at any given me. Most sex work is idenfy the signs that someone may be the vicm offered via the Internet and reaching out to and of modern slavery or human trafficking, engaging with those who provide internet based understand how the NRM works and to navigate sex work is extremely challenging. the referral pathway. However this training has yet to be mainstreamed to extend the potenal WE WILL: reach to idenfy vicms earlier.  Raise awareness across the region of the issues faced by sex workers WE WILL:  Review the effecveness of the Ty Widen the reach of the Human Trafficking Tarian scheme to inform future service awareness module through the Naonal delivery Training Framework

44 adversity. Specifically, figures show that, in Specialist services are beginning to embrace Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE’s) Cardiff, the number of children where domesc trauma‐informed approaches which must be Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE’s) are abuse is a factor in their registraon has remained vicm‐centred and age appropriate. The use of stressful experiences occurring during formave stac at 73% of all registraons. Figures for 16/17 psychological and cognive behavioural therapies years that directly harm a child (e.g. sexual or show that a further 5% of all registraons have are being used to help a wide variety of clients in physical abuse) or affect the environment in sexual violence as a factor. a range of sengs including homelessness, which they live (e.g. growing up in a house with schools and for vicms of VAWDASV. repeat offending, domesc violence or substance Clearly many of the issues misuse). ACEs have harmful impacts on physical seen in current adult vicms and mental health, aainment and well‐being and perpetrators have their across the life course. Individuals affected are roots in childhood. There is a more likely to perform poorly in school, more requirement to manage the likely to be involved in crime, experience chronic effects of historic ACEs on health issues and ulmately less likely to be a the current adult populaon producve member of society. and minimise the potenal effects of ACE’s on children Those children currently on the Child Protecon and young people now. Register obviously have already experienced

45

Wales is seeking to develop a programme of innovave local soluons over the next 3 years. These local soluons will include implemenng ACE informed approaches for operaonal polic‐ ing and key partners, and developing single integrated early help front door services. Formal governance arrangements and a network of coordinators will oversee the programme.

Public Health Wales The Early Help Front Door has been acknowl‐ Other responses that could be applied to prevent that enables early intervenon and root cause edged by Public Health Wales as a key response to ACEs and minimise the impact of exisng ACEs prevenon. Working with the 4 Police forces in ACEs. In Cardiff this is called Support4Families and include: considering the ACE history of parents, Wales, the NSPCC and Barnardo’s, Public Health is being delivered in a partnership between Tros assessing the risk of exposure to the child, and Gynnal Plant and Children’s Services. A core team integrang a roune ACE enquiry into exisng WE WILL: of Family Praconers will be able to provide a assessments. Support Public Health Wales to move from clearer point of access to early help services for a posion of understanding the ACE families in Cardiff so that they can receive the Public Health Wales has received an award of research to understanding what a posive right services at the right me to prevent their £6.87m from the Home Office Transformaon and effecve response looks like situaons geng worse. It is hoped that this will Fund to transform the policing of vulnerability in reduce the numbers of families needing statutory Wales to a mul‐agency, ACE informed approach intervenons or being referred to the MASH.

46 In Cardiff, the specialist IPA service is expected to Cardiff & Vale IRIS develop effecve links with Support4Families, CASE STUDIES Stascs 2014‐16 receive referrals and to refer families who might “I have experienced domestic abuse from childhood; my first memory is seeing my dad hit my benefit from other early help services that might mother. When my Dad left, my older brothers stepped into his abusive shoes and were very be offered, using a Team Around the Family violent to each other and my mother. My mum struggled to cope and sadly had an issue with approach. alcohol. I think this impacted on my own relationship choices and I’ve had two very abusive

partners leading to me battling my demons with alcohol at times and having a bad effect on my In the Vale of Glamorgan, the Fact Team is a mental health. I have moved from area to area and been under loads of different doctors but my crucial part of the Families First iniave as it 26 of 27 manages referrals, and provides a team of current GP was the first doctor to identify that all my issues are linked to my domestic abuse surgeries support workers who will complete a ‘Joint experiences and took the time to ask me about it. She explained she could make a referral to received Assessment Family Framework’ (JAFF) for each someone who would see me at the practice and be able to get me the right support. I was training referred family. relieved there was someone I could talk to and it came at the right time when my life has been particularly difficult and I knew I needed to focus on getting myself some help. I agreed to 359 health referrals to the freedom programme and recovery toolkit on that day and started the freedom professionals programme the following week. When we met we agreed that I’d benefit from some stress control trained sessions and mindfulness to hopefully meet new people in my area, and my GP also referred me to MIND, a mental health service. I’m also looking for voluntary work further down the line to keep myself busy. I really enjoyed volunteering before my ex-partner stopped me doing it. I know it’s a journey but the difference this time is that I know I am on the right road thanks to my

GP referring me to the IRIS service.” 186

paents “Sarah is 41 years old and has been married for 20 years; her husband was sexually, physically referred This ensures that they deliver family support and emotionally abusive. She never reported this abuse to the police or shared her experiences to IRIS through holisc mul‐agency service tailored to with family, friends or professionals. Having recently filed for divorce, she went to the doctors as service the idenfied needs of individuals and the family she was not sleeping and feeling depressed. Her doctor asked her if the split from her husband as a whole. The FACT Team has been developed in was amicable and if he had ever been abusive in any way. Sarah said she felt comfortable line with the 'Team Around the Family' (TAF) speaking openly with the doctor who clearly was very knowledgeable. She didn’t feel she had to model and will be supported by a range of go into detail and her GP told her she would put her in touch with someone specialising in supporve programmes. domestic violence and abuse. Sarah was relieved to speak to someoneIRIS who logo could give her advice and support and she agreed to referrals to the Freedom Programme and survivor groups. She also 41% of referrals WE WILL: agreed to referrals to mindfulness and confidence courses. She said since disclosing to the doctor had Police Develop close working arrangements she finds it easier to speak to others including family and friends, and is eager to deal with involvement, between the Early Help Front Door things, draw a line and move on.” 43% none and services and specialist VAWDASV services 16% not known

47 IRIS Research indicates that women are more likely to Formal Reviews disclose domesc violence and abuse to their GP The Idenficaon and Referral to Improve Safety than to anyone else. The pilot has proved The Office for Naonal Stascs has undertaken (IRIS) service aims to improve the idenficaon of, extremely successful; to date it has generated analysis of homicides combining data between and response to, paents who are or have been more than double the amount of referrals that April 2013 ‐ March 2016. Analysis shows: affected by domesc violence and abuse across were expected with Year 1 resulng in 156 and  There were a total of 454 domesc homicides general pracces (GPs) in Cardiff and the Vale of Year 2 resulng in 284 referrals. Prior to the pilot, in England and Wales; this represents 31% of Glamorgan. The service provides training to GP GPs had only generated 5 referrals annually to all homicides where the vicm was aged 16+. praconers and support staff to idenfy and specialist services. The analysis of the pilot  The majority of vicms were female (70%, or refer paents affected by domesc violence and idenfies that the effecveness of IRIS increases 319), with 30% male (135); this contrasts with abuse and to establish care and referral pathways year on year with IRIS trained GP’s being 22 mes vicms of non‐domesc homicides, where the to specialist domesc violence services. more likely to ask about domesc abuse than a majority of vicms were male (88%, or 704) non‐IRIS trained GP. and 12% were female. IRIS has been independently evaluated in a  Over 3/4 of female vicms were killed by a randomised controlled trial in Bristol and Funding was found by the South Wales Police and male partner or ex‐partner (76%, 242 females). launched its first pilot in Wales in November 2014 Crime Commissioner to extend the pilot for a  Only 3% of female vicms (11 females) were in Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan region, further year during 2017/18, but in 2018/19, the killed by a female, 8 of which were killed by followed by the Cwm Taf region. Cardiff and Vale University Health Board have their mother; females were killed by their secured funding in to train the remaining GP sur‐ fathers in 34 cases. The objecves of the service are to: geries in the region.  The majority of male vicms (66%) were killed  Increase knowledge of GP staff about domesc by another male; a higher proporon of male abuse and the help available for paents. From 2019 the service will vicms were killed by a family member than  Improve the confidence of general pracce therefore be mainstreamed females (47% compared with 23%). staff to ask quesons about possible abuse in a into exisng service  Around half (53%) of male vicms were killed safe way. provision, with minimal by a partner/ex‐partner (32 male/40 females.  Make referrals (in a mely manner appropriate funding needed to ensure to the needs of the paent and the idenfied connuaon of training Home Office Mul Agency Statutory Guidance risk) resulng in improved paent care. and support. (revised December 2016) is issued under secon 9  Improve the recording of domesc abuse in (3) of the Domesc Violence Crime and Vicms the paents’ medical notes. Act 2004 and, since April 2011, there has been a  Increase the number of paents referred from IRIS logo statutory requirement for local Community Safety GPs for help with domesc abuse. Partnerships to conduct Domesc Homicide WE WILL:  Improve data collecon and analysis of the Reviews (DHRs) following a homicide that meets Remain commied to mainstreaming the number of disclosures and referrals. the following criteria: where the death of a IRIS model across all GP surgeries in the  Improve the safety of paents by reducing person aged 16 or over has, or appears to have, region repeat vicmisaon. resulted from violence, abuse or neglect by:

48  a person to whom he/she was related or with Also these reviews can be undertaken alongside perpetrator), deaths caused by individuals to whom he/she was or had been in an inmate court proceedings (both criminal and Coroner), whom the vicm was not related or in a personal relaonship, or Child Pracce Reviews, Adult Pracce Reviews, relaonship with but where there was an element  a member of the same household as himself/ Further Serious Offence Reviews, internal and of abuse (e.g. neighbours) and suicides where herself. external formal invesgaons (including the vicms have felt there is no other way out of their Independent Police Complaints Commission and abusive situaons. The DHR’s purpose as outlined in the Guidance is: the UHB Root Cause Analysis) and staff  To establish what lessons are to be learned disciplinary proceedings. All of these processes Due to the me to undertake each DHR, partners regarding the way in which local professionals are governed by different guidance whether UK‐ will oen implement learning and amend policies and agencies work individually and together to wide or Welsh Government policy led and can and procedures as early as possible. The Welsh safeguard vicms; oen duplicate aendees and overlap reviewing Government are reviewing the DHR process in  To idenfy clearly what those lessons are both criteria. Nonetheless, the findings of all of these Wales and potenal changes to naonal policy. within and between agencies, how and within reviews are invaluable if lives are made safer what mescales they will be acted on, and because learning from past mistakes has been WE WILL: what is expected to change as a result; remedied.  Ensure that the learning from all formal  To apply these lessons to service responses service reviews including DHRs is including changes to inform naonal and local It must be acknowledged that there are other reflected in service delivery and is policies and procedures as appropriate; VAWDASV related deaths that do not meet the shared widely  To prevent domesc violence and homicide criteria for a DHR. These include death by  Implement any Welsh Government and improve service responses by developing a dangerous driving and road traffic collisions policy changes arising from its review coordinated mul‐agency approach to ensure (where the vicm is being pursued by a of DHR processes that abuse is idenfied and responded to effecvely at the earliest opportunity;  To contribute to a beer understanding of the nature of domesc violence and abuse; and  To highlight good pracce.

“Reviews should illuminate the past to make the future safer.” Home Office Guidance, 2016

To date the region has iniated 8 Domesc Homicide Reviews. The breakdown of these Reviews is shown in the table (right). Such Reviews can be lengthy, costly and emoonally challenging for Panel members and family alike.

49 White Ribbon Campaign In 2014, the Minister for Housing and Regeneraon, the late Carl Sergeant, urged all The White Ribbon Campaign is the largest effort in local authories in Wales to sign up to the WRC. the world of men working to end male violence Both Cardiff the Vale of Glamorgan Councils duly against women. Started in Canada in November applied and were awarded White Ribbon City/ 1991, the White Ribbon Campaign (WRC) is acve Town status by December 2014. Other in over 60 naons across the world including organisaons such as South Wales Police followed Canada, Australia, Pakistan, Italy the UK. The suit soon aer. White Ribbon UK branch was established in 2004 with separate Scotland (2006) and Ireland (2010) The Campaign has also chosen the Internaonal branches established soon aer. Day to eliminate Violence Against Women as White Ribbon Day (25th November each year). To WRC states that “This is not and never has been a date acvies have included the annual march to ‘women's issue’. We address men directly so they Llandaff Cathedral and the mul‐faith service, understand the scale of the problem, and become stands in public spaces including hospitals and part of the soluon, alongside women.” The supermarkets, an annual ‘Walk a Mile in Her campaign asks men to wear a White Ribbon as a Shoes’ event through Cardiff city centre, a flower personal pledge to never commit, condone or bed depicng the White Ribbon and sckers on remain silent about violence against women to be Police and Fire Service fleet vehicles. the faces and leaders as Ambassadors in local awareness raising and educaon acvies. All partners are commied to a new regional applicaon to renew the status already held ‐ this is being led by the local authories but will require the input of all partners to implement the required acon plan of acvies. Ideally a White Ribbon Wales branch of the charity would ensure that any funding from the sale of merchandise would remain in Wales and all publicity and merchandise would reflect the naonal legislaon around VAWDASV and the Welsh language. #Whiteribboncardiffvale had a reach of 2.1m people in 2017 WE WILL:  Implement the White Ribbon Acon “The people who could do most to improve the situation of so many women and children Plan across the region Patrick Stewart  Connue to advocate for a White are in fact, men. It’s in our hands to stop violence towards women.” Ribbon Wales

50

CHAPTER FOUR

PROTECT

51 Improve the mul‐agency response and support to all vicms and their children regardless of risk level and needs. Clare’s Law / Sarah’s Law Disclosures those with a jail term of 30 months to life are DVPOs are a new civil order power that enable subject to an indefinite term of registraon but the Police and Magistrates Courts to put in place Clare’s Law (Domesc Violence Disclosure can appeal aer 15 years; a sentence of 6‐30 protecve measures in the immediate aermath Scheme) allows the Police to disclose bad months requires 10 years on the register; and a of a domesc violence incident, where there is character informaon to men and women who sentence of under 6 months requires up to 7 insufficient evidence to charge a perpetrator and believe themselves or their children to be at risk years registraon. Those in receipt of a Police provide protecon to a vicm via bail condions. from another person. It was established aer Cauon can be registered for up to 2 years. In 16/17, 34 were granted regionally. A DVPO can Clare Wood was stabbed to death by her ex‐ prevent the perpetrator from returning to a boyfriend, who had been stalking her. Following From 2011 the Child Sex Offender Disclosure residence and from having contact with the vicm her death, Clare’s parents campaigned for “Clare’s Scheme, known as Sarah’s Law, allows parents, for up to 28 days, allowing the vicm me to Law” as they believed that if she had known carers and guardians to ask the Police if someone consider their opons with the help of a support about his violent past, she would never have has a record for child sexual offences. The Scheme agency. Both the DVPN and DVPO contain a entered into a relaonship with him. Coming into was developed by Sara Payne, mother of Sarah condion prohibing the perpetrator from force across the UK in 2012 there are 2 strands: who was abducted and murdered at age 8. molesng the vicm. Although disclosure is not guaranteed, it can RIGHT TO KNOW – If trigger an invesgaon to see if a person has a The An‐social Behaviour Crime and Policing Act RIGHT TO ASK – any the Police or other known history even if there are no firm grounds 2014 introduced Sexual Harm Prevenon Orders person can request a agency believe that a for suspicion. (SHPOs) and Sexual Risk Orders (SROs). An SHPO disclosure about person needs to know is a measure given by the Magistrates’ Court or somebody with WE WILL: about their partner’s Crown Court to a person who poses a risk of whom they are in, or Further promote Disclosure Schemes at all history, it will be sexual harm to the public or an individual person. about to start a available opportunies provided without They can be made in relaon to a person who has relaonship them asking for it been convicted or cauoned for an offence under Noces and Orders the Sexual Offences Act 2003 in the UK or abroad. During 2016/17 the region have made 90 Clare’s A Domesc Violence Protecon Noce (DVPN) is Prohibions can be wide ranging and include Law disclosures from 134 applicaons. an emergency non‐molestaon and evicon prevenng travel overseas, restricons on noce which can be issued by the Police to a undertaking certain forms of employment and The sex offenders register contains the details of perpetrator when aending a domesc abuse liming Internet use by the offender. anyone convicted, cauoned or released from incident (39 issued in 16/17). Effecve from the prison for a sexual offence since September 1997. me of issue, it gives the vicm the immediate An SHPO lasts for a minimum of five years and has All convicted sex offenders must register with the support they require. Within 48 hours of a DVPN no maximum length, except for any foreign travel Police, in person, within three days of their being served, an applicaon for a Domesc restricons stated in the Order, which must be convicon, or release from prison. They must Violence Protecon Order (DVPO) may then be renewed aer five years. connue this registraon on an annual basis ‐ made by the Police to the Magistrates Court.

52 SROs can be used to impose prohibions on an Safeguarding services are delivered. Cizens have more of a say individual who has commied an act of a sexual in the care and support they receive and there are nature, as a result of which there is reasonable also stronger powers to keep people safe from cause to believe that it is necessary to make an abuse and neglect. Order to protect the public from harm. There is no requirement for the individual to have actually Working together to protect children and been convicted of any offence. Only the Police vulnerable adults and promote their welfare is are able to make an applicaon to the Court for therefore a key legislave and policy requirement an SRO. of all agencies. The idenficaon of risk, to ask, act and refer all safeguarding concerns is the duty An SRO prohibits the relevant individual from of all professionals employed by the partner doing anything described in the Order. The agencies in the region, both statutory and third prohibion either lasts for a fixed period of not sector. less than two years (as specified in the Order) or unl a further Order is made. The Welsh Government’s Naonal Training Governing the approach to safeguarding are the Framework Statutory Guidance, published in two regional boards ‐ the Regional Safeguarding Both SHPOs and SROs may contain foreign travel January 2016 under s.15 of the Violence against Adults Board (RSAB) and the Regional restricons where this is necessary for the Women, Domesc Abuse and Sexual Violence Safeguarding Children Board (RSCB). The role of purpose of protecng children or vulnerable (Wales) Act 2015 states that: the Boards is to ensure partner agencies are adults abroad. working well together and delivering their “Whilst violence against women, domesc abuse responsibilies. A Forced Marriage Protecon Order (FMPO) and sexual violence are safeguarding issues, it is assists those who are in, or about to enter, a important they are not only seen as issues of child Policies, procedures and forced marriage. An FMPO is unique to each case protecon. To do so may exclude adults from training for staff and all and contains legally binding condions and services they require and miss the wider needs of partners is coordinated direcons that change the behaviour of a person families affected by these issues. The purposes of by the business unit or persons trying to force someone into marriage this specific, focussed Framework is to administering both Boards. and aims to protect the vicm. The Court can acknowledge VAWDASV as significant social care, make an Order in an emergency so that public health and social jusce issues, directly protecon is in place straight away. affecng a significant proporon of the Welsh populaon, including children and young people, WE WILL: as primary issues.” Improve the use of Noces and Orders across the region. This is supported by the Social Services and Wellbeing (Wales) Act 2014 which changes the way people’s needs are assessed and the way

53 SURVIVORS’ VOICES Cardiff Mul‐Agency Safeguarding Hub

What people don't realise is that when you have at last separated, a new form of abuse Ineffecve informaon sharing and joint working begins - the stalking - leaving abusive messages on your answerphone and standing outside was a consistent finding of Serious Case Reviews your house at 2am. It was then that the neighbours started calling the Police. within Cardiff; these findings have been mirrored in other areas of the UK. This has led to the Mul Stalking…He had a bike. Everywhere I turned he was there across the road at school ‐Agency Safeguarding Hub (MASH) model pretending to alter his wheel. He would drive around my street late at night copying down becoming an increasingly adopted approach in registration numbers, especially if I had visitors. He followed a worker home and put nails addressing the issue UK‐wide. A Home Office and knife blades in my tyres. My circle of friends shrunk. evaluaon in July 2014 idenfied the MASH model as making a posive contribuon to the

He threw the phone at me in the car - “transfer the money”, he said. I picked up the effecve management of Child Sexual Exploitaon in Gangs and of Domesc Abuse. phone - the line was live. He looked at me ‘do it now’ he mouthed, as he put his foot to Therefore Cardiff partners agreed to establish a the floor up the winding b-road. The kids were in the back of the car - we drove full pelt. MASH which became operaonal in September I transferred the money - £10,000 from his card to mine. The car resumed calm driving. 2016. The aims of the MASH model in Cardiff are: The kids were safe; I was safe, because I had done exactly as he asked.  To improve the capacity and efficiency of He did not hit me... He frequently told me this as he held me down with the knife on the exisng referral management and risk table. I did whatever he asked, I wanted to survive. assessment systems in collaboraon with key partners. We are trying to advocate for and protect our children from ongoing abuse by going to  To improve demand management for family court. We are the only ones who can advocate, but we are limited in witnesses. We statutory assessments by ensuring vulnerable leave family court feeling gagged and incorrectly viewed as two kids squabbling in the children and adults receive mely intervenons to prevent their needs from playground and our children end up with no advocate. Our children end up traumatised escalang. and not safeguarded.  To improve the effecveness of risk assessment in relaon to children and adults I ran. It was not safe to stay. I was pregnant with two small children. I was technically considered to be at risk of significant harm. homeless. I have no solicitor. No support. My job is in jeopardy. I have to fight my way through benefits and housing systems. I have to attend family court in this state. They are This facility, based at Cardiff Bay Police staon, not interested in what happened before I left. He has a solicitor. He is allowed to leer over offers an environment which supports effecve me in the waiting room. He is allowed contact. He loves family court. He knows it aids him sharing of informaon, collaboraon and in his abuse towards me and the kids. We go 21 times over 8 years before me and my understanding between professionals and third sector agencies concerned with the safeguarding kids are protected. of adults and children.

54 daily discussion process involving all relevant social behaviour cases to improve the intelligence agencies to put in place strategies to safeguard gathering to inform wider safeguarding vicms. On average 7 referrals are discussed in processes. In Cardiff the local authority has used this way each day. This approach enables mul‐ the third sector to manage the PPN process for agency informaon to be discussed and decisions some me. The average weekly total of domesc to be made in a mely manner. abuse PPN referrals received for the region for 16/17 across the risk levels are shown below:

High Medium Standard Cardiff Bay Police Staon Weekly Avg. Weekly Avg. Weekly Avg.

This is managed through agreed operang 20 45 15 procedures, a Wales Accord on Sharing of Personal Informaon (WASPI) informaon In both local authories, an IDVA/IPA is used to sharing protocol and is overseen by a mul‐ make contact with vicms and offer advice, agency Board. Key partners have allocated space support and advocacy within prescribed and use of their own IT systems to record and mescales ‐ high risk vicms are contacted within share informaon in a mely manner. A shared To support the statutory response to 1 day, medium risk 3 days and standard risk 7 system allows for greater collaboraon on cases, safeguarding, the new specialist VAWDASV days. pulling together key informaon to support service in Cardiff is also responsible for ensuring safeguarding soluons and safety planning. an IDVA/IPA is based within the MASH each day. The priority is obviously to support those This worker can provide valuable input into daily assessed as high risk to address immediate safety In Cardiff, all safeguarding concerns go via the discussions and act as liaison between all concerns, but the region idenfied the need to Cardiff Mul Agency Safeguarding Hub. Concerns services, providing advice and guidance on cases. address standard and medium risk vicms more may be raised in following ways: via a Public effecvely to stop escalaon of risk and to Protecon Noce (PPN) form completed by the Managing VAWDASV PPNs provide effecve early intervenon. This requires Police, a Mul‐Agency Referral Form (MARF) South Wales Police idenfy vicms as either some reallocaon of funding through completed by professionals working across the Standard, Medium or High risk following Police recommissioning and revised specialist service public and third sector or via an A1 ‘Adults at assessment at a domesc incident and then refer specificaons. Risk’ form that again is completed by vicms through the PPN process or other professionals working across the public and third referral. WE WILL: sectors.  Work with partners to ensure In the Vale, VAWDASV PPNs are managed by a connuous improvement of the MASH Referrals to Mul‐Agency Referral Assessment dedicated worker employed by the local  Closely monitor the specialist service Conference (MARAC) are also received by the authority, based within the Community Safety response to PPNs MASH. The MASH facilitates a ‘live me’ team. This allows for cross‐referencing with an‐

55 MARAC’s across the UK and undertake annual MARAC (Mul‐Agency Risk Assessment Conference) reviews of MARACs and develop guidance, MARACs are mul‐agency meengs where procedures, templates and training. The statutory and voluntary agency representaves following is a breakdown of Domesc Abuse share informaon about high risk vicms in order MARAC cases received and discussed between to produce a coordinated acon plan to increase Jan‐Dec 2017 across the region: vicm safety. The role of the MARAC is to provide MARAC Jan‐Dec 17 Cardiff Vale a forum for effecve informaon sharing and partnership working amongst a diverse range of Cases Referred 1208 n/k adult and child focussed services in order to Cases Discussed 453 319 enhance the safety of high risk vicms and their Although each MARAC monitors agreed acons children. Repeats 96 (21%) 134 (42%) by partners, the true outcomes of the MARAC process are not fully understood regionally, No. Children 657 384 The concept of MARAC was first trialled in Cardiff especially whether vicms feel supported in 2002 for domesc abuse vicms and now BME Vicms 60 (13%) 28 (9%) throughout. Cardiff University has been asked to there are over 250 such MARACs across the UK. Male Vicms 20 (4%) 16 (5%) undertake a piece of work to beer understand the future of MARACs, given the changes brought The region now operates 2 MARACs for domesc LGBT Vicms 3 (1%) 4 (1%) about by the operaon of the MASH locally. It abuse vicms (fortnightly meengs ‐ 1 in the Disabled Vicm 6 (1%) 52 (16%) will also review how the enre process can be Vale and one for Cardiff), 1 for sex workers made more effecve for partners to respond (monthly meengs) and 1 for human trafficking Pregnant Vicm 24 (5%) n/k appropriately so that vicms can be beer (monthly meengs). Each locality has signed up Vicm aged 16/17 8 (2%) 8 (3%) safeguarded. Views of all partners and survivors to its own WASPI. will be sought as part of the evaluaon. Vicm aged 60+ 16 (4%) 15 (5%) Referrals are received from a wide range of Levels of cases discussed from those with statutory and third sector agencies using the Safe protected characteriscs are generally in line Lives DASH‐Ric, a standardised form designed to with Safe Lives guidance, however Cardiff needs idenfy high risk vicms, which is commonly used to improve its quesoning around disabilies by all partners. including complex issues such as mental health and substance misuse. The Vale needs to beer The Safe Lives record those who are pregnant and manage WE WILL: charity (formerly repeat cases. Individually, Cardiff is classified as a  Improve the quality of MARAC referrals CAADA) have the High Volume MARAC, although numbers of cases across the region responsibility for discussed each fortnight have reduced following  Review the findings of the research into overseeing the the implementaon of the Daily Discussions the future of MARAC and consider any operaon of all process at the MASH. impact on exisng processes

56 Specialist Courts Cardiff & Vale of Glamorgan Magistrates Court is an accredited Specialist Domesc Violence Court. Cases are usually heard on a Monday each week, with vicms being supported by their IDVA/IPA. CAFCASS Cymru (Children and Family Court Videoconferencing facilies exist to support those Advocacy and Support Service) provides a voice who cannot aend in person. The Probaon for children in Wales that are involved with the Service aims to support vicms by being aware of Family Jusce System, working with families and their views and wishes. When they are fully aware other organisaons to find long‐term soluons of the court condions applied, this makes it for the child. Although appointed by the courts, easier to work through with perpetrators and any CAFCASS is not a legal service ‐ it provides expert safeguarding consideraons for vicms. independent social work advice to family courts across Wales. Legal Aid can help meet the costs The difference between civil and criminal of legal advice, mediaon and court/tribunal procedures can be confusing for vicms and representaon. Legal Aid can be applied for if perpetrators alike; very oen they will be dealing there is evidence that a vicm and/or their with both systems. Family law generally involves children have been vicms of domesc abuse issues that have to be decided when an inmate and/or financial control and have been at risk of relaonship breaks down, and can also involve harm from an ex‐partner. Vicms usually need to childcare maers. The family court helps solve show that they cannot afford to pay for this help. disagreements and helps protect children and This ‘Pracce Direcon’ was amended in October WE WILL: young people who may be at risk of harm. In any 2017 to ensure that when considering child  Beer support vicms through the applicaon for contact, residence and child contact, the court must now assess if there is an criminal and civil jusce processes arrangements where there is alleged or admied ongoing risk of domesc abuse to the child or the  Work with campaigners to strengthen domesc violence or abuse or risk of this by a parent in cases where domesc violence and/or vicms voices across all courts party to the case, clear guidelines are followed. abuse is a factor.

“My 7 year old looked at me from behind the sofa. I held his coat out to him. His father shouted from the door. Our son’s eyes did the talking whilst my hands, my encouraging words, gave him to his dad despite wanting to protect him. He says desperately

“why are you sending me mum when I have told you what happens? I told you I don't feel safe.” He had told me so I could protect him - he doesn't know it’s the family court who aren't listening. I desperately hold the pain in as I do the opposite of what

my child needs.” Survivor, South Wales

57 Housing‐Related Support praccable to do so, a return to a target‐ residenal accommodaon either in the social or hardened property in the community. private rented sectors. Both local authories Having made the decision to leave an abusive priorise cases in their social housing allocaon relaonship, this becomes the most risky me for Over 700 households accessed refuge in 2016/17. policies and can assist with bonds etc. The impact vicms as this opens them up to other forms of The breakdown of family size is shown in the next of the proposed Renng Homes (Wales) Act 2016 abuse such as stalking and harassment. Across table. Unfortunately not everyone can access legislaon on accommodaon for vicms is yet to the region there are 84 units of crisis/emergency crisis/refuge accommodaon in the region when be fully understood as the implementaon has accommodaon for vicms and, if necessary, they need it. UK Routes to Support (formerly been further delayed unl 2019. their families who need to flee from their abuse Refuges Online) is a network of refuges across and feel safe. These range from 1‐bed self‐ the UK to allow vicms to access safe crisis/ Other crisis support in Cardiff includes IPA contained dispersed units to family sized rooms emergency accommodaon out of area. support to accompany police call‐outs to in shared houses accommodang up to 7 Adult No. of TOTAL incidents. This has proved beneficial as the IPA families. Accompanied by: Households PEOPLE can talk through the range of opons open to Women Men 0 children 439 439 vicms and can support the Police in encouraging Units Only Only Either 1 child 66 132 formal reporng. This can then be followed by a period of intensive tenancy support where the DA, SV, HBV 61 5 6 2 children 125 375 3 children 44 176 vicm wants to remain in their own home, rather Trafficking 8 4 0 4 children 14 70 than access refuge. 5+ children 0 0 TOTALS 69 9 6 Target hardening can also be accessed for vicms TOTALS 688 1192 In line with best pracce guidelines of the who want and are able to remain in their home Welsh Government Modernisaon Group, such Services in the region understand the barriers to with addional safety measures (see p.59). Use refuges offer self‐contained units wherever accommodaon‐based support caused by of security and safety measures around the possible to allow for different family sizes, immigraon legislaon. Bawso predominantly homes negates the need for family upheaval. including older and male children to be migates these barriers and provides safe This can also be supplemented with a period of accommodated with their parent. The dispersed accommodaon and support to vicms and tenancy support in any tenure to ensure that the unit approach adopted in the Vale of Glamorgan children with no recourse to public funds (NRPF) vicm feels safe in their home and can engage is being explored regionally for male vicms. and other insecure immigraon status, bringing once more with their community in safety. in other resources to finance this provision: The Modernisaon Group also advocated the use WE WILL: NRPF 14/15 15/16 16/17 of the Intake and Assessment model trialled in  Connually monitor the use of crisis/ Cardiff, which has proved beneficial in delivering No. presenng 44 31 27 emergency accommodaon to ensure short‐term, emergency, safe accommodaon to No. supported 14 18 16 provision for those who need it most allow for a full assessment of need to be  Assess the impact of welfare reform undertaken. Then a move to a specialist refuge Move‐on from all refuges can be into a step‐ changes and the Renng Homes Act on can be facilitated or, where it is safe and down supported housing scheme or a return to specialist accommodaon for vicms

58 CASE STUDY Workplace Policies An employee disclosed to her line manager that she was experiencing threatening and controlling In the UK every year, 20% of employed women take me off work behaviour by her ex-partner. They had now ended the relationship but the abuse had continued and because of VAWDASV and 2% lose their jobs as a direct result of the increased, resulting in harassment and further threats. The ex-partner was also an employee and they abuse. 53% of abused workers (male and female) miss at least 3 days both worked at the same site, though not in the same department. The emotional abuse and anxiety from work per month (Welsh Women’s Aid, 2017). experienced by the victim on a daily basis at the thought of seeing her ex-partner was impacting on her work and affecting her emotional well-being. She was referred by her line manager to an IDVA. who was able to offer expert support and advice as often as the employee required.

Once she had engaged with the IDVA and felt able to discuss the extent of her abuse, it became clear that additional support was required. The employee described her fear of returning to her car at the end of her working day, the thought of seeing her ex-partner at work and the intimidation that she felt due to the position that he had. The IDVA completed a risk assessment and a safety/support plan which included a referral to a specialist agency that provided additional locks, vibration alarms and a door brace for the property; supporting her in reporting each incident to the police; a referral to a solicitor for advice and support around child contact and financial advice to maintain her home. For employers, this can manifest into performance and producvity concerns. The effects of violence against women, domesc abuse and As well as practical support, the IDVA undertook therapeutic work including helping the employee to sexual violence can include decreased producvity, poor me‐ understand power and control, post separation tactics of abuse and acknowledge and challenge her keeping, stress, absenteeism, errors and increased employee feelings of self blame which often accompanies domestic abuse. With the victim’s consent the IDVA turnover. It is also important to recognise that whilst VAWDASV spoke with her line manager to explore what adjustments the employer could facilitate including impacts on the health, safety and wellbeing of employees, for some altering working hours or a move to another workplace. A new parking permit was issued that the workplace can be the safest place to be and for many this is the changed the area where her car was parked at work. She was referred to employee wellbeing for only element of their life they feel they have some degree of control additional support and advised to speak with her GP; her line manager would also be her initial point over. of contact should she feel anxious at work. All statutory partners in the region fully recognise the duty of care As is often the case, the harassment from her ex-partner did increase following the relationship ending owed to their employees and have therefore revised or are currently however with support in place and her increased confidence to report to the police, the risk has since revising their exisng domesc abuse workplace policies to reduced and the employee has said that she feels a lot safer and happier. She now knows that there encompass the wider issues under the VAWDASV Act. It is hoped that other non‐statutory partners, including private sector employers, will is support available and how to make contact should she need any further support in the future. be encouraged to develop their own VAWDASV workplace policies.

“Equality is the soul of liberty; there is, in fact, no liberty without it.” Frances Wright (Scosh Writer)

59 Employers can also extend their duty of care Target Hardening landlords need to ensure operang units are through sub‐contractual arrangements. This is recycled when no longer required. usually undertaken through explicitly outlining legal requirements in any contract terms and All refuge provision has CCTV and vicms are condions to look out for, and report, any provided with personal aack alarms. safeguarding maers when working directly with Assessments are carried out on properes with clients or when working in their homes. vicms before any measures are installed. The local authority can provide the safety measures The requirement for all contracted staff to be for those who rent privately so long as the aware of safeguarding issues is nothing new ‐ landlord consents. In addion, the Fire Service child protecon protocols have been used for and the Police also provide security equipment to some me but a wider awareness of VAWDASV vicms. Figures for 16/17 are as follows: will be of huge benefit as such contractors are oen the real eyes and ears of statutory services Area: Cardiff Vale that can spot the early signs of abuse. Assisng Wherever possible and safe to do so, vicms Provider: Referred Installed Referred Installed contractors to develop workplace policies will also should be supported to stay in their exisng ensure that such duty of care is extended to all home with addional security measures if Council/RSL 169 154 55 55 contracted staff. necessary. As well as offering praccal soluons Fire Service 79 48 23 15 to prevent unwanted access, they can offer peace Police n/k n/k 15 available WE WILL: of mind to vicms. Such provision is oen referred to as ‘target hardening’ and can include  Develop and adopt revised VAWDASV TOTAL Min. 272 Installed workplace policies and encourage all security measures on the fabric of the building partners to do the same such as external locks on gates, security lighng, Monitoring of the availability and use of such fencing and CCTV, or internal measures such as equipment is therefore key. The region needs to  Adopt the requirement for contractors to develop workplace policies through window locks, fireproof leerboxes, bogus caller explore the current approaches to target commissioning and procurement buons and community alarms. hardening and consider if any shared pracce can arrangements be implemented to combine efforts. Currently, through their landlord and/or an‐  Ensure contractors are aware of the WE WILL: issues and understand referral social behaviour funcons, local authories and Review the availability of target hardening pathways other Registered Social Landlords offer a range of opons. Some measures, such as community opons and develop a regional approach alarms and CCTV are a finite resource and

“For years I felt constantly afraid in my own home, now it is the safe place it should be.” Survivor, South Wales

60

CHAPTER FIVE

SUPPORT

61 Ensure that innovave, flexible and evidence‐based services are available to meet the needs of vicms experiencing any form of VAWDASV. Research Independent Advocates are clear and measurable improvements in safety, including a reducon in the escalaon and The main purpose of Independent Domesc severity of abuse and a reducon or even Violence Advocates (IDVA), or Independent cessaon in repeat incidents. Domesc and Sexual Violence Advocates (ISVA) is IDVA / ISVA / IPA Specialism (not FTE) No. to address the safety of vicms at high risk of harm from inmate partners, ex‐partners or Health‐Based 1 family members to secure their safety and the Sexual Assault Referral Centre (SARC) 5 safety of their children. In Cardiff, IDVAs have been renamed as Independent Personal Immigraon/ Human Trafficking 1 Advocates (IPAs) to acknowledge their wider MASH 1 remit under the VAWDASV Act. Court‐Based 3 The region is a prominent supporter of the use of Serving as a vicm’s primary point of contact, Flying Start (children aged 0‐4) 2 research and fully embraces all opportunies to IDVA/ISVA/IPAs normally work with vicms from be involved in exploring issues in‐depth and the point of crisis, assessing the level of risk and Families 1st 1 developing innovave soluons to address them. discussing the range of suitable opons leading Young Male Vicms 1 Over the past 10 years, partnerships have been to the creaon of a workable safety plan. They Children and Young People 2 developed with a range of Welsh and English are proacve in implemenng the plans which Universies to take forward a number of pieces address immediate safety, including praccal Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender 1 of research that explore different elements of the steps to protect vicms and their children, as well General 23 VAWDASV agenda. Some findings have already as longer‐term soluons. These plans will include been translated into service delivery and have acons from MARAC as well as sancons and In the region, there are 41 workers, some with proved to work such as MARAC, IDVA and IRIS. remedies available through other organisaons. specialisms/specific roles outlined in the table Other research has ceased and revised service The IDVA/ISVA/IPA’s role in all mul‐agency above. Although originally established to work delivery is sll in its infancy, whilst other projects sengs is to keep the client’s perspecve and with the highest risk cases, it has been are ongoing, such as Change That Lasts; these will safety at the centre of proceedings and be the recognised regionally that supporng lower risk be discussed further throughout this chapter. vicm’s voice. vicms is beneficial, prevenng further harm. IDVAs/ISVAs/IPAs are used to deliver a range of WE WILL: IDVAs/ISVAs/IPAs receive specialist accredited therapeuc and self‐help intervenons to help Acvely parcipate in a range of training as part of the Naonal Training vicms recognise and come to terms with the meaningful research projects to broaden Framework and hold naonally recognised abuse experienced. This is especially important understanding and improve services qualificaons. Studies have shown that when when perpetrators are undergoing intervenons high risk clients engage with an IDVA/ISVA, there to prevent further abuse ‘spikes’.

62 Services are also becoming more trauma‐ Therapeuc Group informed, in acknowledgement of the impact of Work Opons: SURVIVORS’ VOICES early childhood neglect and abuse on the physical “If it wasn’t for the services, understanding and support that Cardiff Women’s Aid provided me health, mental health, and well‐being of vicms, with I would not be where I am today. I am not sure I would even be here at all (I know that compounded by the abuse experienced in later may seem like a strong statement) but I owe so much to them. life. In Cardiff the new commissioned specialist service for female vicms will use the I was referred via the IRIS project from my GP. I was really lucky to be one of the first to take Psychological Advocacy Towards Healing (PATH) part in the Recovery Toolkit programme, which was amazing. I learnt so much more of what I intervenon. This targeted 1‐1 counselling has had/was experiencing; this course was the beginning of a new life for me. I cannot explain how been developed by Bristol University and Cardiff grateful I am to have participated in this. It helped me see things differently and made me feel Women’s Aid parcipated in the largest like I was not alone and not the only one going through so much. European clinical trial. Research showed that those receiving the PATH intervenon I was given a great opportunity to go on the PATH project which once again helped me so much experienced clinically lower levels of - both these courses helped me with my self-esteem and my confidence. I previously had psychological distress, depression and post‐ counselling through my GP but never opened up what I was experiencing and found no help. I traumac stress and a clinically important feel I have a lot to be thankful for from Women’s Aid, they really helped me change my life reducon in anxiety. around. I don’t like to think where I would be today without them and their support and

specialised services. I feel extremely lucky to have had been given the opportunity to access such

great support services and I am grateful for that. Once again I truly believe my life would not be the way it is now without them.”

“It was only with support from an IDVA that my situation was at last taken seriously and I gained the first steps in moving safely away from a situation of coercive control that others I had Not all specialist providers in the region reported to did not understand.” employing IDVAs/ISVAs/IPAs hold the Safe Lives Leading Lights quality accreditaon but all “Attending sessions that help individuals understand that what they have experienced is recognised services either already hold or are in the process and that they are not alone is a major contributing factor to moving on and re-building your life. of applying for the Welsh Women’s Aid Naonal Individual specialist counselling allows you to reflect on what you have been through and begin to Quality Service Standards and/or other relevant find closure through this supportive healing process.” Service Standards.

“I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.” Maya Angelou

63 As well as the wide range of awareness raising Children and Young People Family Intervenons that takes places in schools and colleges, and the Underpinning Wales's approach to child range of child protecon arrangements in place protecon is the importance placed on children's across the region, children and young people can rights. The Rights of Children and Young Persons receive direct support for any abuse or trauma (Wales) Measure 2011 made Wales the first they have experienced or witnessed. country in the UK to incorporate the United Naons Convenon on the Rights of the Child The main specialist providers in the region (UNCRC) into its domesc law. Therefore all support children and young people with both One of the services offered by Atal y Fro is the Welsh policy and legislaon has to take into individual and group work from ages 4‐25. Some Early Intervenon programme. This means that account children's rights. group work including Star and the Recovery as soon as a referral is received they call together Toolkit are aimed at working with the child and the agencies who need to be involved, to develop In 2015 the Welsh Government published its their parent/carer. a ‘package’ for the whole family, with safety Programme for children and young people. This always central. The package is inially for six has 7 core aims, each linked to arcles in the In addion, through the specialist Safe As team, weeks then reviewed and a longer term plan put UNCRC. The programme says children and young Cardiff Women’s Aid deliver the SODA (Survivors together, providing a service for couples who people should: of Domesc Abuse) project, designed for teenag‐ wish to stay together or separate amicably. The  have a flying start in life ers who are using self‐harm and experiencing sui‐ service supports family members by providing  have a comprehensive range of educaon and cide ideaon to deal with the trauma of living, or one to one work for the vicm, their partner and learning opportunies having lived previously, with domesc violence or any children involved. This will oen include  enjoy the best possible health and be free abuse. Dave’s House is a programme for young required aendance on community perpetrator from abuse, vicmisaon and exploitaon men aged 17‐25 years who may have been affect‐ programmes, but many of those currently in  have access to play, leisure, sporng and ed by domesc abuse, or are concerned about existence do not support the different family cultural acvies their behaviour within their own relaonships. composions that exist, relying on the tradional  be listened to, treated with respect, and have Cardiff Council is also funding a Male IDVA/IPA to family stereotype. their race and cultural identy recognised support young men and boys who are more  have a safe home and a community which difficult to engage in discussing their experience Services in Cwm Taf will be delivering similar supports physical and emoonal wellbeing of domesc violence/abuse. This service feeds family intervenons through the PCC  not be disadvantaged by into the Dave's House group work. Transformaon Fund programme to further test poverty and pilot the whole‐family approach. WE WILL: Partners in the region fully Consider extending posive male role WE WILL: support these aims and work models to children and young people Research and consider family intervenon collaboravely to ensure the experiencing other types of violence and models for future service delivery safety of children and young abuse people at all mes.

64 People from a BME Background Findings showed a lack of real understanding of Gypsy & Traveller Communies the issues and a need for training and delivery of BME vicms’ and specialist services were recommended. Gypsies and travellers experience a high level of their children’s discriminaon and prejudice in their daily lives, experience of The populaon across Cardiff & the Vale (C&V) is and experience great difficulty in maintaining violence can be constantly evolving, with a growing number of their lifestyle and heritage. They are shaped by their diverse ethnic cultures and increased migratory disadvantaged in accessing healthcare, relaonship to movement. With the increased diversity, it is not educaon, and securing accommodaon. concepts such as uncommon to idenfy increased cultural health culture and their concerns which affect reproducve, psychosocial Research shows that domesc abuse is a relaonship with communies. These issues can and psychosexual health. This includes the significant health issue for the Gypsy & Traveller define their experiences of violence and abuse pracce of FGM; the trauma of which has been communies. A recent study esmated that and impact on their access to, and the types of widely reported to be relived for many years between 60% – 80% of women from travelling services they may need or want. Addional aer the mulaon takes place. communies experience domesc abuse during barriers to support may be experienced by BME their lives, compared to 25% of the female vicms and their children due to the impact of Nong the significant need for a seamless service populaon generally. Cultural expectaons language, discriminaon, racism or immigraon to meet the needs of all females affected by combined with the isolated nature of the status. The region recognises the imperave to FGM, it is proposed that a pilot community clinic communies, can make it difficult for domesc have services delivered by and for BME people. is established. Cardiff & Vale UHB Midwifery violence to be challenged with successive service and Bawso will deliver a service that will generaons of both men and women viewing The Centre for the Study of Safety and Well‐ help break down barriers to accessing care and domesc abuse as normal. A Gypsy or Traveller being, University of Warwick and Imkaan ensure all females affected have access to woman leaving because of domesc abuse not undertook a study to explore the extent to which clinicians and counselling support. It will also only loses her home and partner, but also her BME women and girls are disclosing sexual facilitate an opportunity to work with some of community, her culture and her way of life. For violence and accessing support and to look at the deep‐rooted cultural beliefs with older family these reasons, Gypsies and Travellers are far less emerging barriers and gaps to accessing support. and extended community members. likely to report an incident or to seek help. The resulng report ‐ Between the Lines ‐ Service Responses to Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) WE WILL: WE WILL: Women and Girls Experiencing Sexual Violence Review the pilot FGM clinic’s effecveness Raise awareness of available support reviewed 38 specialist services across the UK. services to the Gypsy and Traveller communies

“I was 14 years old when my mother presented me with the picture of a man I later learned I had been promised to at the age of eight. I was the one who dared to say: ‘No, I was born here, I want to go to school – I don’t want to marry a stranger.’”

Jasvinder Sanghera, CBE, founder of Karma Nirvana

65 Male Vicms LGBTQ+ Vicms

Both local authories in the region have In 2016/17: idenfied a need for discrete male vicm provision and acknowledge that the delivery of services to male vicms can differ from those provided to female vicms. Although praccally there are similaries in that they require non‐ 216 men contacted judgmental validaon of the abuse suffered, a the Live Fear Free IDVAs/ISVAs/IPAs work with vicms who idenfy as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual safe place to stay and support to rebuild their helpline and Transgender, however Rainbow Bridge is a service operated by Vicm lives. It is evident that some male vicms are also Support that specifically supports vicms of domesc abuse who idenfy as accompanied by their children of either gender. LGBTQ+. This includes abuse from inmate partners, ex‐partners (also heterosexual ex‐partners) and relaves. Services include advocacy, personal Access to services is oen made via male‐specific and home security, emoonal support and mentoring. Reporng from LGBT helplines or through Council homelessness vicms remains especially low and confidence to report and seek help needs routes. In terms of a safe play to stay, Cardiff to be encouraged. There is a willingness from partners to work and engage currently hosts the South Wales male‐only Dyn Project received with organisaons who have specialist knowledge of the needs of LGBTQ+ refuge. The dispersed refuge service currently 236 referrals to the vicms to ensure that services are accessible and appropriate. delivered in the Vale of Glamorgan has been Cardiff male IDVA idenfied as a good model for complex cases In respect of the transgender community, in July 2017 the UK Government including larger families and male vicms. announced plans to reform the Gender Recognion Act (2004). The proposed changes include making the process to change the gender on someone’s birth Work is underway to explore best pracce and cerficate less bureaucrac and bring it into line with exisng non‐ develop a more rounded end‐to‐end service for medicalised processes for changing gender, e.g. on passports, relying on ’self‐ male vicms, to replicate the seamless services 36 high risk male idenficaon’. Changing atudes to gender and sexuality are hotly discussed offered to female vicms. To broaden economies vicms discussed at subjects and the proposed changes to legislaon are proving controversial. of scale, other South Wales local authories have MARAC Currently, the Equality Act 2010 has exempons that permit single‐sex been invited to parcipate in the needs services, occupaons, communal accommodaon and sporng acvies assessment and commissioning process. Data and where these are a proporonate means of achieving a legimate aim. views will be captured from partners, current Campaigners raise concerns that a move towards gender self‐idenficaon could have unintended providers and past vicms, along with best WE WILL: consequences. These issues pracce and research.  Strengthen links with specialist are complex and clearly Almost 100 males LGBTQ+ organisaons to improve require further open WE WILL: sought help from the services and increase reporng Commission a specialist male vicm discussion regarding service SARC  Ensure services are responsive to accessibility and delivery. service with wider regional partners LGBTQ+ vicms 66 The SARC also provides a specialist paediatric Sexual Assault Referral Centre Older People service for children and young people, The full extent of the effect of sexual violence acknowledging that this client group have specific Some older people may be vulnerable to within our communies is largely unknown as needs which must be addressed in a sensive and domesc or sexual abuse as a result of their many vicms do not report to the Police. Male mely manner. Sexual crime amongst children mental or physical frailty, and/or mental capacity rape is parcularly under reported, the reasons and young people is now more publicised than or physical disabilies; however, these are not for not reporng include shame, guilt and fear of ever before and the risks to the younger the only factors which could lead to an older not being believed or of being denounced for generaons are increasing; the development of person being abused. Abuse may be perpetrated what has occurred. Myths and strong prejudices the use of social media, the grooming and on older vicms for a number of reasons, and surrounding male sexuality also prevent men exploitaon of those who are vulnerable and does not necessarily cease or reduce as the from coming forward. those who are abused within their own families. vicm or abuser gets older. In fact, an older vicm may experience more frequent or Much work has been done to ensure a increased intensity of abuse; addionally, some sustainable model for sexual violence services older people may only start to experience abuse across South Wales. Plans are underway to at this stage in their life. Older people may also regionalise services and develop the Cardiff and be the vicms of abuse perpetrated by mulple Vale SARC as a ‘Hub’ for acute service provision family members, some of whom may also be for adults and children in South East Wales. This assuming a caring role. Financial abuse by family highlights the recognion that service provision members should be regarded as domesc abuse. for sexual violence is highly specialised and requires the best models of care that can be Issues of mental capacity have arisen in a local Ynys Saff Sexual Assault Referral Centre (SARC) provided for all vicms. However, there remain DHR, both in terms of the vicm with early signs offers services to vicms of sexual violence, many factors which need to be addressed in the of demena not being asked if she was meeng the needs of all ages and all genders. Its future. It is recognised that there are groups who experiencing any abuse and also in terms of her aim is to offer appropriate support and care under‐report such as male vicms, sex workers, carer who was experiencing signs of carer stress required at the point of need, working to those from ethnic minority backgrounds and but who refused help. A debate has arisen over advocate on behalf of the client ensuring that the vicms of HBV. There is a requirement to develop local procedures and whether it is appropriate to service is vicm focused at all mes. The SARC is a greater understanding of the problem, the override an individual’s decision, evidencing the based in the Cardiff Royal Infirmary and is jointly causes and circumstances and to build reasons, and managing any consequences. funded as part of the provision of Cardiff and confidence of individuals to report. Further guidance is needed on this issue. Vale UHB. The Centre can facilitate forensic medical examinaons, Police interviews, ISVA WE WILL: WE WILL: support during the criminal jusce process, Embed the new Hub SARC model for Work with the Regional Safeguarding specialist trauma counselling and psychological vicms of sexual violence across South Adults Board to develop policies and educaonal group support. Accountability for East Wales training for those working with older Ynys Saff rests with Cardiff and Vale UHB. vicms of VAWDASV

67 In the Vale of Glamorgan, a new partnership Complex Needs / Toxic Trio Toxic Trio between Atal y Fro and Gofal will deliver a 12 There are high rates of overlap between month specialist mental health support service VAWDASV and substance use for both vicms for vicms of abuse. The Mental Health Worker is and perpetrators of abuse. While it is accepted based within Atal Y Fro and supports any clients that alcohol and drug abuse does not cause accessing services with mental health needs. VAWDASV, the presence of substance use can increase the frequency and severity of abuse. In analysis of Serious Case Reviews undertaken Children are at a parcularly high risk of harm by the Department of Educaon in England when substance misuse and domesc violence (Pathways to harm, pathways to protecon: a are present. triennial analysis of serious case reviews 2011 to The Toxic Trio have all been idenfied as 2014, published in 2016), found that in a total of Substances can also be involved as a means to common features of families where harm to 293 Serious Case Reviews, domesc abuse was incapacitate the vicm or make them do things the most common factor idenfied, followed by adults and children occurs: they do not want to do. This can include pushing parental mental health problems and thirdly, boundaries in sex, recording it or prostuon. In one situaon domesc abuse may be the substance misuse. “it is now abundantly clear Partners might be forced to sell, buy or even result of women who misuse substances being from research that living with domesc abuse is consume drugs. Later on, this might be used as always harmful to children and it is rightly seen more likely to form relaonships with violent leverage when the vicm becomes addicted. as a form of child maltreatment in its own men. Another situaon may be that maternal right.” (Humphreys and Bradbury‐Jones, 2015). Vicms of abuse have a higher rate of drug and/ substance abuse may be as a direct This report further highlighted that sexual abuse or alcohol misuse (whether it starts before or consequence of their experience of domesc oen co‐exists with other types of harm. In this aer the abuse): at least 20% of high‐risk vicms abuse. Maternal mental ill health may be a study there was evidence of sexual abuse in 53% of abuse report using drugs and/or alcohol (Safe of cases in children aged between 1‐17. result of violence or abuse that they have Lives 2015). Oen they are used as a self‐ medicated coping mechanism. experienced or depression may lead to a This study highlights that no one single agency parent to misuse substances. can manage the risks and harms when complex Vicms who use alcohol and drugs are more needs co‐exist. Importantly, when complex needs likely to be abused, and abused vicms are more 40% of high‐risk vicms report having mental are idenfied, consideraon must be given to how likely to use substances. One of the causes of this health issues (Safe Lives 2015). coercive control may impact upon behaviours. might be that experiencing prolonged hoslity, violence and abuse contributes to deterioraon Alcohol and drugs might help them temporarily WE WILL: of the vicm’s mental health – they may struggle alleviate anxiety, make them forget, or simply Ensure health and social care with depression, .anxiety, suicidal behaviour, low make further abuse easier to bear. They might professionals consider and address how self‐esteem, inability to trust others, flashbacks, not realize that self‐medicang like this can lead complex needs impact on adults and sleep disturbances and emoonal detachment. to addicon and more problems. children

68 Sex Workers A number of insighul Adults At Risk studies have been Within Cardiff, significant tensions have existed undertaken into sex Some adult men and women do not have the over me between residents and those involved work, and with the basic skills to be able to take care of themselves in street‐based prostuon in Grangetown and support of sex and stay safe – and this can make them more Splo. Research undertaken by Swansea workers, in the past 8 vulnerable to abuse. It is their vulnerability – and University in 2010 explored the percepon of years with a variety of somemes the lack of mental capacity – that these communies who believe it is not sufficient Universies, looking makes these adults more suscepble to different to merely move the problem elsewhere but to at discrete issues types of abuse, as well as neglect. implement a strategic enforcement approach including substance which brings together harm reducon and misuse, links with The Social Services and Well‐being (Wales) Act criminal jusce. traumac childhoods 2014 defines an 'adult at risk' as someone who: and BME issues. Cardiff responded to changes in Secon 17 of the Currently, Beyond the 1. is experiencing or is at risk of abuse or neglect; Crime & Disorder Act in 2010 with the Gaze is the largest 2. needs care and support (whether or not the development of a diversionary pathway, which study to date of UK authority is meeng any of those needs); and moves sex‐working women away from punive online sex work, 3. as a result of these needs is unable to protect fines and penales within the criminal jusce examining working themselves against abuse, neglect or the risk system and into support services, recognising the condions, safety and of either. complexity of the situaon. This has been policing of the industry by researchers from the successfully implemented by local police and Universies of Leicester and Strathclyde. A This may include people with physical, learning or support agencies and has had a significant impact number of briefings have been produced with sensory disabilies. Factors that increase in increasing the numbers of women who now final findings due to be available in 2018 when vulnerability include age, mental health engage with support services. However, despite the project ceases. problems, chronic illness, challenging behaviour, the implementaon of various methods, lack of mental capacity, social and emoonal including the Cardiff Diversionary Pathway, problems, poverty, homelessness and substance tensions remain between sex workers and WE WILL: misuse. residents, with increasing an‐social behaviour,  Explore new ways to idenfy, protect abuse and threats of violence. and safeguard sex workers and the Partners in the region have established policies communies affected and procedures for referring and managing  Review the findings of the ‘Beyond the Adults at Risk through the Regional Safeguarding Gaze’ research Adults Board, replacing the previous Protecon of Vulnerable Adults (POVA) arrangements.

“We cannot all succeed when half of us are held back.” Malala Yousafzai

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