DOCSLIB.ORG

EXHIBITION GUIDE 1 2 3 a Goethe-Institut with the Support of P R O J E C T the European Union

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EXHIBITION GUIDE 1 2 3 a Goethe-Institut with the Support of P R O J E C T the European Union w w w .balkantale.com EXHIBITION GUIDE 1 2 3 a Goethe-Institut with the support of p r o j e c t the European Union produced by FONDI SHQIPTAR PER MONUMENTET p a r t n e r s (Albanian Fund for Monuments) This booklet is not for sale. It accompanies the photo exhibition ‘A Balkan Tale’. It provides historical information for each monument. Do you have a SMARTPHONE? Download any free QR-Code Reader application, scan the QR-Code and explore ‘A Balkan Tale’. www.balkantale.com 4 5 p a g e p a g e 1 2 İSHAK BEY (ALADŽA) MOSQUE, SKOPJE 4 1 BEDESTEN, ŠTIP 1 3 TOMB OF SULTAN MURAD I, MAZGIT 4 2 GAZI MEHMED PAŞA HAMAM, PRIZREN 1 4 MIRAHOR İLYAS BEY MOSQUE, KORÇË 4 3 BAZAAR HAMAM, ALIAS ‘JEWISH’ HAMAM, THESSALONIKI 1 5 MAUSOLEUM OF GAZI EVRENOS, YANNITSA 4 4 KURŞUNLU / KURŠUMLI HAN, SKOPJE 1 6 Didymoteicho Mosque, Thrace 4 5 WHITE BRIDGE, VRANJE 1 7 FORTRESS OF ELBASAN 4 6 GRAND BAZAAR, GJAKOVA 1 8 MOSQUE OF THE CONQUEST (FETHIYE), ATHENS 4 7 İSA BEY HAMAM, NOVI PAZAR 1 9 MOSQUE OF SULTAN MEHMED II FATIH, PRISHTINA 5 0 YENI MOSQUE, THESSALONIKI 2 2 SINAN PAŞA MOSQUE, PRIZREN 5 1 PAŞA’S RESIDENCE, VRANJE 2 3 BLAGOVEŠTENJE MONASTERY, OVČAR-KABLAR GORGE 5 2 BENÇA AQUEDUCT, TEPELENË 2 4 DURBALI SULTAN TEKKE, ASPROGEIA, FARSALA 5 3 CLOCK TOWER, BITOLA 2 5 ALADŽA MOSQUE, TETOVO 5 4 VOULEFTIKO’, NAFPLIO 2 6 CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL, SHKODËR 5 5 ‘RÉGIE’ TOBACCO WAREHOUSE, XANTHI 2 7 SYNAGOGUE IN THE JEWISH QUARTER, VEROIA 5 6 ‘SARAY’, RESEN 2 8 BALI BEY MOSQUE, NIŠ 5 7 DOSITEJ OBRADOVIĆ LYCEUM, BELGRADE 2 9 MELANI TEKKE, GJIROKASTËR 5 8 CLOCK TOWER, PRISHTINA 3 0 ORTHODOX CHURCH OF THE VIRGIN MARY, BERAT 5 9 SCHOOL FOR THE MUSLIM GIRLS (“TURKISH SCHOOL”), RETHYMNO 3 1 ARABATI BABA TEKKE, TETOVO 6 0 OTTOMAN MILITARY HEADQUARTERS, SHKODËR 3 2 THE CHURCH OF SVETI SPAS, SKOPJE 6 1 GOVERNMENT BUILDING, THESSALONIKI 3 3 BAYRAKLI MOSQUE, BELGRADE 6 4 TOMB IN BERAT 3 4 ALTIN ALEM MOSQUE, NOVI PAZAR 6 5 JEWISH CEMETERY, NIŠ 3 5 HACI EDHEM BEY MOSQUE, TIRANA 6 6 PAŞA’S GATE, BERAT 3 8 ÇIFTE HAMAM, SKOPJE 6 7 BUDISAVCI MONASTERY, KLINA 3 9 FOUNTAIN OF THE VALIDE SULTAN MOSQUE, HERAKLION 6 8 JEWISH CEMETERY, BITOLA 4 0 TAILORS’ BRIDGE, GJAKOVA 6 9 IMARET, ARTA INDEX 6 7 CONQUER ING WORSHIPPING LIVING TOGETHER MODERNISING FORGETTING & REMEMBERING he Ottoman presence in the Balkans lasted from the 14th to the 20th centuries. In some regions this presence was continuous, in others interrupted (in the Morea, for instance), and still others never suffered an Ottoman conquest (for instance, the Ionian Islands and the Dalmatian shores). Yet, for almost the entire population of the Balkan Peninsula, the TOttoman centuries have been an important part of their historical experience. To a great extent, this history is unknown, or known under different perspectives in each country. This is due to the fact that the Christian peoples of the Balkans established their nation-states through, usually military, conflict with the Ottoman Empire. These conflicts placed a great emphasis on the religious difference between Christians and Muslims. At the same time, the appeal of the Western European model led to the devaluation of the cultural significance of the Ottoman centuries. The Ottoman Empire thus became identified with cultural ‘backwardness’ and was considered by all its successors as an ‘undesirable heritage’. Nevertheless, for some 600 years, Christians, Muslims and Jews lived together in urban and rural areas, farmed the land, patronised each other’s shops, met, and entertained themselves at bazaars and coffeehouses. Ottoman society was, of course, a society of hierarchies and discrimination be- tween rulers and subjects. For the reayas [taxed subjects], everyday life had its cruel side, conflicts and hardships. Today, memory of this period remains hidden in buildings that have changed use, or has faded out completely due to negligence and destruction. Yet, whatever their condition, ruined or preserved, the buildings of the Ottoman period, private and public, Christian, Muslim and Jewish, remain as documents of a common history – the history shared by the peoples of the Balkans for some six centuries. The contemporary photographs of these monuments enable us to see in a different light the Ottoman heritage, to revisit our common past and to tell our Balkan tale. 8 9 CONQUERING any believe that the Balkans were conquered by the Ottomans after the fall of Con- stantinople in 1453. The truth is, though, that a large part of the Balkan Peninsula had already been conquered in the 14th century, and the sultans had located their palace on European ground, in Adrianople (Edirne), as early as the 1360s. Despite the Mturmoil and destabilisation caused by their defeat by Tamerlane in the Battle of Ankara (1402), the Ottomans ultimately completed their conquest of the Balkans in the late 15th century. They twice attempted to conquer Vienna, in 1529 and 1683, but their conquering impetus in Europe definitively came to a halt in front of the city’s walls. Through its territorial expansion, from the 14th century to the late 17th, the nomadic kingdom of the Osman dynasty became a global Islamic empire, which held as its duty to pursue a holy war against the Christian West. During its heyday, in the reign of Süleyman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire extended from the Danube to the Nile. The Balkans formed an important part of this empire for six centuries. The Ottomans expanded in the Balkans to the west, towards the Roman Via Egnatia, which, through Serres and Manastir (Bitola), led to the Albanian shores, as well as north, towards Philippoupolis (Plodviv) and Sophia, up to Belgrade. Muslim populations from Anatolia followed behind the armies and settled in the occupied territories. Conversions to Islam, whether voluntary or not, and popula- tion movements slowly yet radically changed the demographic profile of the Balkan Peninsula. Equally dramatic was the change of the landscape in Balkan cities with the Ottoman conquest. As soon as the Ottomans occupied a city, they would transform the large churches into mosques, or build new, imposing mosques with tall minarets, and other ‘public’ buildings (bedestens [covered markets], hamams [bathhouses], imarets [public kitchens], caravanserais [inns]). The urban land- scape of the Balkans thus acquired ‘Ottoman’ features, reflecting the new political reality. The Ot- tomans indeed sought to make their conquest ‘visible’. 1 0 1 1 01 02 CONQUERING CONQUERING İSHAK BEY TOMB OF (ALADŽA) SULTAN MOSQUE, MURAD I, SKOPJE MAZGIT Photographer: Ivan Blazhev Photographer: Samir Karahoda Type: Mosque Type: Tomb (türbe) Place: Skopje Place: Mazgit, Kastriot or Obiliq Date: 1438-9 Date: 14th century Patron: İshak Bey Patron: Bayezid I, son of Sultan Murad I History: Originally a guesthouse Current condition/use: Restored many times over the centuries Current condition/use: In use The İshak Bey (Aladža) Mosque is one of the oldest buildings in Skopje and was built in 1438-9, This monument commemorates the Ottoman victory against the Serbian and Bosnian army in the initially as a guesthouse. Its patron, İshak Bey, was a pioneering Ottoman patron of architecture and famous Battle of Kosovo (1389) and honours Sultan Murad I,murdered on the battlefield. His son the son of Paşa Yiğit Bey, the conqueror of Skopje. Because of its formerly rich decoration (a painted Bayezid I (reg. 1389-1402) erected a türbe (tomb) at the location of his death. According to an old portico), it is also called Aladža (colourful; from Turkish “alaca”). The minaret, approximately 30 m Turkish tradition, the internal organs of the body of the sultan were buried here. His body was sent to high, is built of finely chiselled rectangular stone blocks. The building formed part of a cluster of Bursa, then the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The tomb has been renovated several times over the buildings sponsored by İshak Bey, which consisted of an inn, a public kitchen and a medrese (Muslim centuries and has managed to survive the wars that ravaged the region. It is encircled by the tombs theological school). Behind the mosque there is a tűrbe (mausoleum), probably built in the second of 19th-century Ottoman officials, with detailed inscriptions about their lives. The square building half of the 15th century. It is believed to be the burial site of İshak Bey’s son, known as Deli Paşa. that still stands today was built by the Ottoman official Hürsid Paşa in 1845. Sultan Abdülhamid The main feature that makes this mosque unique in the Balkans (with the exception of the portal II (reg. 1876-1909) ordered the construction of a spacious two-storey building, located behind the of the Yeni Mosque in Bitola) is the decorative use of blue, green and turquoise tiles, found on the tomb, to host visitors (completed in 1896). tambour of the dome. 1 2 1 3 03 04 CONQUERING CONQUERING MIRAHOR MAUSOLEUM İLYAS BEY OF GAZI MOSQUE, EVRENOS, KORÇË YANNITSA Photographer: Jutta Benzenberg Photographer: Kamilo Nollas Type: Mosque Type: Tomb (türbe) Place: Korçë Place: Yannitsa Date: 1495-6 Date: 1417 Patron: İlyas Bey Patron: The sons of Gazi Evrenos Current condition/use: In use History: In its current form, the building is the result of several interventions, the latest in the early 20th century Current condition/use: Excellent condition; recently restored by the The construction of the mosque in 1495-6 was sponsored by İlyas Bey, a high-ranking Ottoman ad- Greek Archaeological Service ministrator who originated from the same district. This building is related not only to the early phase of Ottoman rule in Albania, but also to the beginnings of the history of Korçë as a town.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reuse Potential Within Industrial Heritage Tourism Per- Spectives Case Study: Allatini Mills
    Reuse Potential within Industrial Heritage Tourism Per- spectives Case study: Allatini Mills FERRANTI NATALIE JANUARY 2019 Thessaloniki, Greece Reuse Potential within Industrial Heritage Tourism Perspectives Case study: Allatini Mills Ferranti Natalie SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION & LEGAL STUDIES A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (MSc) in Hospitality and Tourism Management January 2019 Thessaloniki – Greece Student Name: Natalie Ferranti SID: 1109160006 Supervisor: Dr. Alkmini Gkritzali I hereby declare that the work submitted is mine and that where I have made use of another’s work, I have attributed the source(s) according to the Regulations set in the Student’s Handbook. January 2019 Thessaloniki – Greece Abstract It is unquestionable that heritage buildings are containers of culture and identity of a region or city. Heritage buildings include also industrial buildings and sites. They repre- sent an integral part of cultural heritage whose value, identification, protection and con- servation has become an important issue within the European countries. However, con- serving and restoring old industrial buildings, without adapting them, leads to dimin- ished historical value. If left without re-functioning, they become obsolete and deterio- rated. One suitable treatment method for conserving them is through the adaptive re- use method which is determined as the reuse of old, sometimes abandoned buildings, for new purposes without losing its former character. This action could have social, eco- nomic and environmental benefits for cities and their inhabitants. Arguably, field of industrial heritage has not been extensively researched especially in Greece. The current situation in Thessaloniki within the field of industrial heritage will be examined and analyzed, with special emphasis put on Allatini Mills, an abandoned industrial heritage complex.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Ideas of Derviş Vahdeti As Reflected in Volkan Newspaper (1908-1909)
    THE POLITICAL IDEAS OF DERVİŞ VAHDETİ AS REFLECTED IN VOLKAN NEWSPAPER (1908-1909) by TALHA MURAT Submitted to the Graduate School of Social Sciences in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University AUGUST 2020 THE POLITICAL IDEAS OF DERVİŞ VAHDETİ AS REFLECTED IN VOLKAN NEWSPAPER (1908-1909) Approved by: Assoc. Prof. Selçuk Akşin Somel . (Thesis Supervisor) Assist. Prof. Ayşe Ozil . Assist. Prof. Fatih Bayram . Date of Approval: August 10, 2020 TALHA MURAT 2020 c All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT THE POLITICAL IDEAS OF DERVİŞ VAHDETİ AS REFLECTED IN VOLKAN NEWSPAPER (1908-1909) TALHA MURAT TURKISH STUDIES M.A. THESIS, AUGUST 2020 Thesis Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Selçuk Akşin Somel Keywords: Derviş Vahdeti, Volkan, Pan-Islamism, Ottomanism, Political Islam The aim of this study is to reveal and explore the political ideas of Derviş Vahdeti (1870-1909) who was an important and controversial actor during the first months of the Second Constitutional Period (1908-1918). Starting from 11 December 1908, Vahdeti edited a daily newspaper, named Volkan (Volcano), until 20 April 1909. He personally published a number of writings in Volkan, and expressed his ideas on multiple subjects ranging from politics to the social life in the Ottoman Empire. His harsh criticism that targeted the policies of the Ottoman Committee of Progress and Union (CUP, Osmanlı İttihâd ve Terakki Cemiyeti) made him a serious threat for the authority of the CUP. Vahdeti later established an activist and religion- oriented party, named Muhammadan Union (İttihâd-ı Muhammedi). Although he was subject to a number of studies on the Second Constitutional Period due to his alleged role in the 31 March Incident of 1909, his ideas were mostly ignored and/or he was labelled as a religious extremist (mürteci).
    [Show full text]
  • Historia Scribere 13 (2021)
    historia scribere 13 (2021) The Beginnings of an Empire. The Transformation of the Ottoman State into an Empire, demonstrated at the example of Grand Vizier Mahmud Pasha’s life and accomplishments Vera Flatz Kerngebiet: Neuzeit eingereicht bei: Yasir Yilmaz, MA PhD und Univ.-Prof. Dr. Stefan Ehrenpreis eingereicht im: WiSe 2019/20 Rubrik: Seminar-Arbeit Abstract The Beginnings of an Empire. The Transformation of the Ottoman State into an Empire, demonstrated at the example of Grand Vizier Mahmud Pasha’s life and accomplishments The following seminar paper deals with Grand Vizier Mahmud Pasha’s life and the processes that turned an Ottoman principality into the Ottoman Empire. Starting with Sultan Mehmed’s II appointment in 1444, important practic- es such as the nomination of a grand vizier changed significantly. Moreover, Mehmed II built a new palace which reflected the new imperial self-percep- tion, a new code of law was installed, and the empire was centralised. All these developments become especially visible in the life of Grand Vizier Mahmud Pasha Angelovic. The paper examines secondary literature as well as contem- porary sources of Kritobolous and Ibn Khaldun. Sources on Mahmud Pasha’s life are rare and need to be analysed with caution as his posthumous legend influenced the production of literature about his life. 1. Introduction Mahmud Pasha Angelovic, born at the beginning of the 15th century in a town in Ser- bia, became one of the most influential grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire. How did that happen? In 1453, Mehmed II conquered Constantinople and made it the capital of one of the biggest empires of the early modern period.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkomans Between Two Empires
    TURKOMANS BETWEEN TWO EMPIRES: THE ORIGINS OF THE QIZILBASH IDENTITY IN ANATOLIA (1447-1514) A Ph.D. Dissertation by RIZA YILDIRIM Department of History Bilkent University Ankara February 2008 To Sufis of Lāhijan TURKOMANS BETWEEN TWO EMPIRES: THE ORIGINS OF THE QIZILBASH IDENTITY IN ANATOLIA (1447-1514) The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by RIZA YILDIRIM In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA February 2008 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Assist. Prof. Oktay Özel Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Prof. Dr. Halil Đnalcık Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Yaşar Ocak Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Assist. Prof. Evgeni Radushev Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History.
    [Show full text]
  • A Look to Cash Waqfs As an Indicator of Ottoman Financial Mentality
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive A Look to Cash Waqfs as an Indicator of Ottoman Financial Mentality Bulut, Mehmet and Korkut, Cem Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University 2019 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/94784/ MPRA Paper No. 94784, posted 04 Jul 2019 06:26 UTC A Look to Cash Waqfs as an Indicator of Ottoman Financial Mentality1 Mehmet Bulut* Cem Korkut** ABSTRACT In spite of the fact that the waqfs have existed with the history of humankind and are helpful in all social communities, they have a different and important place in Islamic societies. The waqfs have made assistance and solidarity between individuals organized and institutionalized. Especially in Islamic societies, a great importance has been attached to waqfs. The waqfs that helped institutionalize the concept of infaq met many needs of the community. One of the Islamic states where the waqfs are very active was the Ottoman Empire. The size of the waqf services in the Ottomans expanded so much that, besides the human services, waqfs for injured birds and sick animals were established. The fact that the waqfs are so widespread in the state has made it possible to refer the Ottoman Empire as a waqf civilization. One of the waqf types operating in the Ottoman Empire was the cash waqfs (CWs) which had cash money as capital. The CWs operated its capital with various Islamic finance methods. Revenues from the operating money were used in the direction of waqf purpose. The CWs provided the vital necessities of the society such as education and religion in the period they were active in the Ottoman Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • The State's Religion Is Islam
    REMOVAL OF THE STATEMENT “THE STATE’S RELIGION IS ISLAM” FROM THE CONSTITUTION IN 1928 Assist. Prof. Dr.Mehmet BICICI Gaziantep University Introduction Historically, the concept of a Constitution first appeared in the late 1700s. In order to limit the power of the state and, at the same time, guarantee the rights and freedoms of the citizens, the need arose to enact laws which would stand above other laws and which could not be easily amended, leading to the emergence of the concept of a constitution. Before the constitutional movements started gaining a foothold, countries maintained law and order through their own legislation or edicts. But none of these laws had a privileged status in the hierarchy of laws and they were very easy to change. The first constitution known to have been written is the 1787 United States Constitution. The Constitution of the United States of America was followed by the 1791 French Constitution , the 1809 Swedish Constitution, the 1812 Spanish Constitution, the 1814 Norwegian Constitution, the 1831 Belgian Constitution, the 1848 Swiss Constitution, the 1848 Italian Constitution, the 1848 Prussian Constitution, the 1849 Danish Constitution, the 1849 Luxembourgian Constitution, the 1864 Greek Constitution, the 1866 Romanian Constitution and finally the 1876 Ottoman Constitution (Gözler, 2004; p.13-19). Prior to the Ottoman Constitution that came into force in 1876, the legal system of the Ottoman Empire, which had a monarchical and theocratic structure and consisted of two basic elements. The first of these were the rules of Islamic law (Shariah or Ahkam-i Şer’iyye), and the second were the set of rules dictated by the Ottoman sultans (customary laws, laws, code of customary laws).
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/26/2021 07:23:45AM Via Free Access
    Chapter 5 Tales of Viziers and Wine: Interpreting Early Ottoman Narratives of State Centralization Dimitri Kastritsis The dominant paradigm of Ottoman state-building is one of progressive cen- tralization and institutionalization, from the late fourteenth to the mid- sixteenth century ce. This paradigm was first developed by Paul Wittek in the 1930s, and later refined by Halil İnalcık and others.1 According to Wittek’s well- known thesis, the Ottoman state-building venture was at first an egalitarian affair. Frontiersmen with a more or less tribal and nomadic background, pos- sessing a deep religious devotion embodied by holy men, carried out religious- ly motivated raids (ġazā) into Christian territory. By means of such activity, they were able to push the frontiers of Islam from the Anatolian borders of Byzantium to the Danube and Adriatic. But as the borders of their principality grew and its frontier advanced into Europe, a hinterland developed, in which the need for central state institutions became apparent. Such institutions were modelled on those already present in other Islamic states. They included shariʿa courts, taxation based on population surveys, and employment of slaves in the army and state administration. Since at first the Ottoman princi- pality consisted of territory newly conquered for Islam, in order to build such institutions, there was a need for scholars (ulema, Ar. ʿulamāʾ) imported from outside the Ottoman borders. Members of this new class (distinct from the holy men already mentioned) entered the Ottoman domains from rival Mus- lim principalities to the east. At first they mainly came from the neighboring Turkish emirates (beyliks) of Anatolia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ottoman State and Semi-Nomadic Groups Along
    HStud 27 (2013)2, 219–235 DOI: 10.1556/HStud.27.2013.2.2 THE OTTOMAN STATE AND SEMI-NOMADIC GROUPS ALONG THE OTTOMAN DANUBIAN SERHAD (FRONTIER ZONE) IN THE LATE 15TH AND THE FIRST HALF OF THE 16TH CENTURIES: CHALLENGES AND POLICIES NIKOLAY ANTOV University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA E-mail: [email protected] The main subject of this article is the relationship between the Ottoman state and semi-nomadic groups in the Ottoman Danubian frontier zone (serhad) in the late 15th and the first half of the 16th century. Taking the two extremities of the Danubian frontier zone – the provinces of Smederevo in Serbia and Silistre in the northeastern Balkans – as case studies, the article compares the ways in which the Ottoman state dealt with semi-nomadic Vlachs at one end of the frontier zone and Turcoman yürüks (and related groups) at the other. Placing the subject in the broader context of the historical development of the Danubian frontier zone, the author analyzes the Ottoman state’s changing policies toward these two groups. Taking into account the largely different historical legacies and demographic make-ups, the article analyzes the many commonalities (as well as some important differences) in the way the Ot- toman government integrated such groups in its administrative structure. It high- lights the process in which such semi-nomadic groups, traditionally utilized by the Ottoman state as auxiliary soldiers, were gradually “tamed” by the state in the course of the 16th century, becoming gradually sedentarized and losing their privi- leged status. Keywords: Ottoman, frontier, 16th century, semi-nomads, Vlachs, Yürüks The frontier and (pastoral) nomadism are two concepts that have fascinated (Mid- dle Eastern and) Ottomanist historians from the very conception of these fields of historical inquiry.
    [Show full text]
  • Blood Ties: Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878
    BLOOD TIES BLOOD TIES Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 I˙pek Yosmaog˘lu Cornell University Press Ithaca & London Copyright © 2014 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2014 by Cornell University Press First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2014 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yosmaog˘lu, I˙pek, author. Blood ties : religion, violence,. and the politics of nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 / Ipek K. Yosmaog˘lu. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-5226-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8014-7924-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Macedonia—History—1878–1912. 2. Nationalism—Macedonia—History. 3. Macedonian question. 4. Macedonia—Ethnic relations. 5. Ethnic conflict— Macedonia—History. 6. Political violence—Macedonia—History. I. Title. DR2215.Y67 2013 949.76′01—dc23 2013021661 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Paperback printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Josh Contents Acknowledgments ix Note on Transliteration xiii Introduction 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconsidering the Annexation of the Sanjak of the Alexandretta Through Local Narratives
    RECONSIDERING THE ANNEXATION OF THE SANJAK OF THE ALEXANDRETTA THROUGH LOCAL NARRATIVES A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY SITKIYE MATKAP IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MEDIA AND CULTURAL STUDIES DECEMBER 2009 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Raşit Kaya Head of Department That is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science Assist. Prof. Dr. Nesim Şeker Supervisor Examining Committee Members Assist. Prof. Dr. Nesim Şeker (METU, HIST) Assist. Prof. Dr. Necmi Erdoğan (METU, ADM) Assist. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şen (METU, SOC) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: SITKIYE MATKAP Signature : iii ABSTRACT RECONSIDERING THE ANNEXATION OF THE SANJAK OF THE ALEXANDRETTA THROUGH LOCAL NARRATIVES Matkap, Sıtkıye M.Sc., Department of Media and Cultural Studies Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Nesim Şeker December 2009, 154 pages The main aim of this thesis is to examine the history of Sanjak of Alexandretta in the Turkish nationalist historiography.
    [Show full text]
  • The Place of the Young Turk Revolution in Turkish History
    THE PLACE OF THE YOUNG TURK REVOLUTION IN TURKISH HISTORY. Prof. Dr. sı.. AKŞİN •• i. Introduciioa J'be Turu in History: The Turks of Turkeyarepan of the Tuılcic.pcoples who. back in history. were once concentrated in Central Asia. Central Asia can be roughly described as the region to the north and the north-west nf the China Wall. The China Wall was built to koopthe namadie peoples -ineloding the Tuikic peoples- out of China. The Wall also roughly corresponded to the frontler of feıtile iand wbere agriculture could be practised. In Centtal Asia the tand was generally not suitable for qriculıure. but could sustain the animal hents of the nomads. The fmt "state" of the Turlcicpeoples was the Empiıe of the Hmıs. for which the apprOximate dates 220 BC-216 AD are given. But whether or not this formatian can be considered a state or empire in the proper sense of the word is not clear. because the Hmıs did not use the written word. Probably this fonnatian was a coofederation of tribes. raiher' than a state. The same can probobly he said for the Göktürks (552-745). though at the end of their primacy they hegan to use writing. The third important poIitical formation of the Turkic peoples was the Uygur State (745-940). By the end of the 8th century. two important developments took place among the Turkic peoples. 1) A great number of them hegan to move west, Lo Transoxania and contiguous regions and 2) they began to . adopt Islam. It seems that the proces of Islamization was a rather loog.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ottoman Policy Towards Non-Muslim Communities and Their Status in the Ottoman Empire During the 15Th & 16Th Centuries: Interaction of Civilizations Mughul, M
    2137 THE OTTOMAN POLICY TOWARDS NON-MUSLIM COMMUNITIES AND THEIR STATUS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING THE 15TH & 16TH CENTURIES: INTERACTION OF CIVILIZATIONS MUGHUL, M. Yakub* PAKİSTAN/PAKISTAN/ПАКИСТАН ABSTRACT This paper focuses on Ottomans liberal policy and tolerance towards the non- Muslims and other religious communities during 15th, 16th century. In particular, it explores the key role of Sultan Mohammad-II in consolidating and harmonizing different cultures and religions across Europe and Asia. The paper also addresses the Islamic attitude towards inter-religious relations, which was at that time quite unknown in rest of Europe, where they were burning its heretics at the stake, whereas races and religions coexisted under the Ottoman rule. It will highlight how the advent of Ottoman Rule in Eastern Europe brought the Muslim and European Civilizations face to face, which ultimately created an interaction among them. Finally, it will describe the image of the millet system introduced during this period, which brought all non-Muslim communities within the Turkish commonwealth, and allowed them to govern itself by its own laws and live in peace in the Ottoman Empire. Key Words: Ottoman, policy, Empire, Constantinople, Turkish, history. INTRODUCTION The Ottoman Empire1 would be defined as a mosaic of different cultures and religions, which provided peace and harmony among members of society without distinction between Muslim and non-Muslim, race, and color. The story of Ottoman history involves not only the Ottoman dynasty but the many peoples who ruled the Empire and were ruled by it: Turks, Arabs, Serbs, Greeks, Armenians, Jews, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Albanians, North Africans and others.
    [Show full text]