Volume 20, Volume No. 1 2008 Higher Education Management and Policy Higher Education JOURNAL OF THE PROGRAMME ON INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION Management Contents Fair Access to Higher Education: Analysis of a Targeted Incentive and Policy Educational Policy JOURNAL OF THE PROGRAMME Charlotte Le Chapelain 9 Assessment of Higher Education Personnel: Comparative Study of France ON INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT and Finland IN HIGHER EDUCATION Emmanuel Salmon 25 Long-term Human Outcomes of a “Shotgun” Marriage in Higher Education: Anatomy of a Merger, Two Decades Later Rosalind M.O. Pritchard and Arthur P. Williamson 47 From Public University Dominance to Private University Policy Initiatives in Nigeria: The Push and Pull Factors Gboyega Ilusanya and S.A. Oyebade 71 Accessibility and Equity, Market Forces, and Entrepreneurship: Higher Education Management and Policy Developments in Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe Marek Kwiek 89 Internationalisation of Higher Education and Language Policy: Questions of Quality and Equity Rebecca Hughes 111 Strategic Enrolment Management: Improving Student Satisfaction and Success in Portugal James Taylor, Rui Brites, Fernanda Correia, Minoo Farhangmehr, Brites Ferreira, Maria de Lourdes Machado, Cláudia Sarrico and Maria José Sá 129 Subscribers to this printed periodical are entitled to free online access. If you do not yet have online access via your institution’s network, contact your librarian or, if you subscribe personally, send an e-mail to [email protected]. Volume 20, No. 1 2008 ISSN 1682-3451 2008 SUBSCRIPTION Volume 20, No. 1 (3 ISSUES) -:HRLGSC=XYZUUU: ����������������������� 89 2008 01 1 P 2008 JOURNAL OF THE PROGRAMME ON INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION Higher Education Management and Policy Volume 20, No. 1 ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. Also available in French under the title: Politiques et gestion de l’enseignement supérieur Volume 20, no 1 © OECD 2008 No reproduction, copy, transmission or translation of this publication may be made without written permission. Applications should be sent to OECD Publishing [email protected] or by fax 33 1 45 24 99 30. Permission to photocopy a portion of this work should be addressed to the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, fax 33 1 46 34 67 19, [email protected] or (for US only) to Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers, MA 01923, USA, fax 1 978 646 8600, [email protected]. HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT AND POLICY Higher Education Management and Policy ● A journal addressed to leaders, managers, researchers and policy makers in the field of higher education institutional management and policy. ● Covering practice and policy in the field of system and institutional management through articles and reports on research projects of wide international scope. ● First published in 1977 under the title International Journal of Institutional Management in Higher Education, then Higher Education Management from 1989 to 2001, it appears three times a year in English and French editions. Information for authors wishing to submit articles for publication appears at the end of this issue. Articles and related correspondence should be sent directly to the editor: Prof. Michael Shattock Higher Education Management and Policy OECD/IMHE 2, rue André-Pascal 75775 Paris Cedex 16 France To subscribe send your order to: OECD Publications Service 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France 2008 subscription (3 issues): EUR 120 USD 154 GBP 82 JPN 16 800 Online bookshop: www.oecdbookshop.org HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT AND POLICY – VOLUME 20, No. 1 – ISSN 1682-3451 – © OECD 2008 3 The Programme on Institutional Management in Higher Education (IMHE) started in 1969 as an activity of the OECD’s newly established Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI). In November 1972, the OECD Council decided that the Programme would operate as an independent decentralised project and authorised the Secretary-General to administer it. Responsibility for its supervision was assigned to a Directing Group of representatives of governments and institutions participating in the Programme. Since 1972, the Council has periodically extended this arrangement; the latest renewal now expires on 31 December 2008. The main objectives of the Programme are as follows: ● To promote, through research, training and information exchange, greater professionalism in the management of institutions of higher education. ● To facilitate a wider dissemination of practical management methods and approaches. EDITORIAL ADVISORY GROUP Editorial Advisory Group Elaine EL-KHAWAS George Washington University, United States (Chair) Philip G. ALTBACH Boston College, United States Chris DUKE RMIT University, Australia Leo GOEDEGEBUURE University of Twente (CHEPS), Netherlands Ellen HAZELKORN Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland Salvador MALO Instituto Mexico de la Competitividad, Mexico Vin MASSARO University of Melbourne, Australia V. Lynn MEEK University of New England, Australia Robin MIDDLEHURST University of Surrey, United Kingdom José-Ginés MORA Technical University of Valencia, Spain Detlef MÜLLER-BÖHLING Centre for Higher Education Development, Germany Christine MUSSELIN Centre de Sociologie des Organisations (CNRS), France Jan SADLAK UNESCO-CEPES, Romania Jamil SALMI The World Bank, United States Sheila SLAUGHTER University of Georgia, United States HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT AND POLICY – VOLUME 20, No. 1 – ISSN 1682-3451 – © OECD 2008 5 EDITORIAL ADVISORY GROUP Andrée SURSOCK European University Association, Belgium Ulrich TEICHLER INCHER-Kassel, Germany Luc WEBER Université de Genève, Switzerland Akiyoshi YONEZAWA Tohoku University, Japan 6 HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT AND POLICY – VOLUME 20, No. 3 – ISSN 1682-3451 – © OECD 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Fair Access to Higher Education: Analysis of a Targeted Incentive Educational Policy Charlotte Le Chapelain . 9 Assessment of Higher Education Personnel: Comparative Study of France and Finland Emmanuel Salmon. 25 Long-term Human Outcomes of a “Shotgun” Marriage in Higher Education: Anatomy of a Merger, Two Decades Later Rosalind M.O. Pritchard and Arthur P. Williamson . 47 From Public University Dominance to Private University Policy Initiatives in Nigeria: The Push and Pull Factors Gboyega Ilusanya and S.A. Oyebade. 71 Accessibility and Equity, Market Forces and Entrepreneurship: Developments in Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe Marek Kwiek . 89 Internationalisation of Higher Education and Language Policy: Questions of Quality and Equity Rebecca Hughes . 111 Strategic Enrolment Management: Improving Student Satisfaction and Success in Portugal James S. Taylor, Rui Brites, Fernanda Correia, Minoo Farhangmehr, Brites Ferreira, Maria de Lourdes Machado, Cláudia Sarrico and Maria José Sá . 129 HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT AND POLICY – VOLUME 20, No. 1 – ISSN 1682-3451 – © OECD 2008 7 ISSN 1682-3451 Higher Education Management and Policy Volume 20, No. 1 © OECD 2008 Fair Access to Higher Education: Analysis of a Targeted Incentive Educational Policy by Charlotte Le Chapelain Louis Pasteur University, France Social inequality with regard to education seems to be mainly the result of two factors: the reduced success of certain socio-economic categories within the education system and distinct educational requirements once the compulsory education period is over. In this article, we shall focus on the inequality stemming from the choices and personal decisions of individuals by highlighting the influence of social origins as a factor capable of inducing an under-investment in education. Thus, we shall examine how an auto-selection process contributes to the iniquity of the education system. This analysis is based on the theoretical framework of human capital investment developed by Gary Becker (1964) and principally underlines the effects of expectations, uncertainty and cost perception in the differences