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Universidade Federal Fluminense Programa De Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu Em Direito Constitucional UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU EM DIREITO CONSTITUCIONAL WINGLER ALVES PEREIRA O DILEMA DO IMAGINÁRIO CONSTITUCIONAL BRASILEIRO: TUPI OR NOT TUPI Niterói 2016 WINGLER ALVES PEREIRA O DILEMA DO IMAGINÁRIO CONSTITUCIONAL BRASILEIRO: TUPI OR NOT TUPI Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Constitucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre na Área de Concentração em Direito Constitucional. Orientador: Prof. Dr. André Saddy Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Carlos Sávio Gomes Teixeira Niterói 2016 WINGLER ALVES PEREIRA O DILEMA DO IMAGINÁRIO CONSTITUCIONAL BRASILEIRO: TUPI OR NOT TUPI Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Constitucional da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre na Área de Concentração de Direito Constitucional. _______________, em ____ de março de 2016. BANCA EXAMINADORA ___________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. André Saddy (orientador) – Universidade Federal Fluminense ___________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Carlos Sávio Gomes Teixeira (coorientador) – Universidade Federal Fluminense ___________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Eduardo Manuel Val – Universidade Federal Fluminense ___________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Anderson Vichinkeski Teixeira – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Niterói 2016 AGRADECIMENTOS O significado usual da palavra “agradecer” é o ato de “expressar gratidão”, mas no meu caso também significa o famoso lugar comum de “pedir desculpa”, sobretudo pelas inúmeras horas roubadas justamente daqueles que são mais próximos. Conciliar a advocacia com a atividade acadêmica consistiu, para alcançar as metas traçadas, em adiar viagens, desmarcar encontros e estudar de modo integral em diversos finais de semana. A recompensa veio ao fim, mas não sem os agradecimentos. Em primeiro lugar, agradeço a Deus por essa oportunidade privilegiada. À minha querida mãe Neide, pelo amor incondicional e exemplo de humanidade. Ao querido irmão e amigo Klinger, que desde sempre me acompanha nessa vida. Ao grande amigo Eduardo Sousa, que me incentivou a seguir os passos da carreira acadêmica e me acudiu em incontáveis momentos de incerteza. A todos os amigos, e especialmente à Patrícia Abrantes, Zena Moalla e Maurício Athayde, pela amizade sincera. À Bruna Bataglia, pelas nossas conversas intermináveis. A todos do escritório Paulo Cezar Pinheiro Carneiro Advogados Associados, principalmente aos advogados Gustavo Amaral, Leonardo Schenk, Lyvia Amaral, Alexandre Schiller, Flávio Santos e Manuely Kasali, pelo apoio, paciência e modelo de profissionalismo. À Luiza Sarmento, Juliana Melo, Dennys Adryel, Pedro Amares e Beatriz Cintra, pela ajuda no levantamento dos dados empíricos da pesquisa. Ao meu orientador, professor André Saddy, e ao meu coorientador, professor Carlos Sávio, pelos valiosos conselhos e sugestões, bem como pela paciência e compreensão com a escolha do tema e com os rumos que conferi à pesquisa. A todos os professores do PPGDC/UFF (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Constitucional), pela estimada dedicação acadêmica e contribuição intelectual. E ainda aos funcionários e colegas de turma, sem os quais não seria factível esse trabalho. Agradeço também aos professores que se dispuseram a participar da qualificação e da defesa pública de dissertação para avaliar o meu trabalho acadêmico. Enfim, deixo o meu obrigado a todos os que estiveram presentes nessa caminhada! RESUMO Esta pesquisa analisa o imaginário constitucional brasileiro contemporâneo com a adoção de categorias teóricas das ciências sociais e política quanto ao estudo do pensamento brasileiro. O objetivo geral do trabalho consiste em averiguar se aquele imaginário é autêntico ou se é apenas uma reprodução de ideias de países do Atlântico Norte, usualmente considerados mais “avançados”. O plano de trabalho adota a ideia proposta por Roberto Mangabeira Unger para a análise das ideologias, instituições e suas alternativas, ao tomar como ponto de partida o estudo de três clássicos do pensamento constitucional brasileiro, suplementados por textos que retratam o debate contemporâneo. Assim, o trabalho apresenta três objetivos específicos. O primeiro, consolidado no capítulo inicial, consiste em resgatar o pensamento constitucional de três clássicos da Primeira República (1889-1930): Campos Sales, Rui Barbosa e Oliveira Vianna. O segundo objetivo específico, apresentado no capítulo seguinte, correlaciona as ideias destes clássicos com o imaginário que atualmente orienta o ensino da teoria da constituição em quinze Universidades Públicas brasileiras, dentre as mais conceituadas do país, segundo a avaliação da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB). Neste particular, a pesquisa apresenta natureza empírica, pois compreende o levantamento das referências mais utilizadas nas disciplinas de teoria da constituição e a análise de seus marcos teóricos. O terceiro objetivo específico, revelado no último capítulo, consiste na discussão dos resultados a partir de sua correlação com o marco teórico do imaginário colonial dominante no pensamento brasileiro, como sugerem os estudos de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos e Roberto Mangabeira Unger. Por meio do raciocínio indutivo quanto ao pensamento dominante no ensino da teoria da constituição, o terceiro objetivo específico busca vislumbrar uma interpretação do constitucionalismo mais próxima da realidade brasileira. Ao fim, a conclusão do trabalho aponta para a sintonia entre o pensamento colonial que predomina no país e o imaginário constitucional brasileiro. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: constitucionalismo, pensamento brasileiro, imaginário colonial. RESUMEN Este trabajo analiza el imaginario constitucional brasileño con la adopción de categorías teóricas de las ciencias sociales y políticas en relación al estudio del pensamiento brasileño. El objetivo general de este estudio es investigar si ese imaginario es auténtico o si es sólo una reproducción de los países del Atlántico Norte, considerados más “avanzados”. El plan de trabajo, adopta la idea propuesta por Roberto Mangabeira Unger para el análisis de las ideologías, instituciones y sus alternativas, teniendo como punto de partida el estudio de tres clásicos del pensamiento constitucional brasileño, complementado con textos que representan el debate contemporáneo. De este modo, la obra presenta tres objetivos específicos. El primero, consolidado en el primer capítulo, consiste en rescatar el pensamiento constitucional de tres clásicos de la Primera República (1889-1930): Campos Sales, Rui Barbosa y Oliveira Vianna. El segundo, presentado en el capítulo siguiente, correlaciona las ideas de estos clásicos con imágenes que actualmente orientan la enseñanza de la teoría de la constitución en quince universidades públicas brasileñas, entre las más prestigiosas del país, de acuerdo con la evaluación de la Orden de los Abogados del Brasil (OAB). En particular, la pesquisa presenta naturaleza empírica, ya que incluye el estudio de las referencias más utilizadas en las asignaturas de la teoría de la constitución y el análisis de sus marcos teóricos. El tercero, revelado en el último capítulo, es la discusión de los resultados a partir de su correlación con el marco teórico del imaginario colonial dominante en el pensamiento brasileño, según lo sugerido por los estudios de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos y Roberto Mangabeira Unger. Por medio del raciocinio inductivo cuanto al pensamiento dominante en la enseñanza de la teoría de la constitución, el tercer objetivo específico busca una interpretación del constitucionalismo más cercana a la realidad brasileña. Por fin, la conclusión del trabajo apunta para la armonía entre el pensamiento colonial que prevalece en el país y el imaginario constitucional brasileño. PALABRAS CLAVE: constitucionalismo, pensamiento brasileño, imaginario colonial. LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS CPC – Conceito Preliminar de Curso ENADE – Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio INEP – Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira MEC – Ministério da Educação OAB – Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1 – Universidades Públicas selecionadas pela pesquisa .................................... 61 Tabela 2 – Livros de teoria da constituição, ou equivalente, mais utilizados pelas Universidades Públicas selecionadas................................................................................... 62 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................. 12 1 ENTRE O CONSTITUCIONALISMO ALÉM-MAR E O CONSTITUCIONALISMO TUPINIQUIM: PROPOSTAS DA PRIMEIRA REPÚBLICA BRASILEIRA ............................................................................................ 22 1.1 À sombra do Capitólio de Washington: o constitucionalismo à moda americana da República Velha .................................................................................... 22 1.1.1 O constitucionalismo hiperfederalista e conservador de Campos Sales ........... 22 1.1.1.1 As tensões entre o ideal republicano e a abolição da escravatura ........... 23 1.1.1.2 O constitucionalismo norte-americano como modelo de inspiração ........ 25 1.1.1.3 O plano constitucional para a economia e a administração do país ........ 26 1.1.1.4 O povo ou os Estados: quem detém o poder soberano? ..........................
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