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Genetic Diversity in Widespread Species Is Not Congruent with Species Richness in Alpine Plant Communities

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Genetic Diversity in Widespread Species Is Not Congruent with Species Richness in Alpine Plant Communities Supporting information Genetic diversity in widespread species is not congruent with species richness in alpine plant communities Pierre Taberlet, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Thorsten Englisch, Andreas Tribsch, Rolf Holderegger, Nadir Alvarez, Harald Niklfeld, Gheorghe Coldea, Zbigniew Mirek, Atte Moilanen, Wolfgang Ahlmer, Paolo Ajmone Marsan, Enzo Bona, Maurizio Bovio, Philippe Choler, Elżbieta Cieślak, Licia Colli, Vasile Cristea, Jean-Pierre Dalmas, Božo Frajman, Luc Garraud, Myriam Gaudeul, Ludovic Gielly, Walter Gutermann, Nejc Jogan, Alexander A. Kagalo, Grażyna Korbecka, Philippe Küpfer, Benoît Lequette, Dominik Roman Letz, Stéphanie Manel, Guilhem Mansion, Karol Marhold, Fabrizio Martini, Riccardo Negrini, Fernando Niño, Ovidiu Paun, Marco Pellecchia, Giovanni Perico, Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa, Filippo Prosser, Mihai Puşcaş, Michał Ronikier, Martin Scheuerer, Gerald M. Schneeweiss, Peter Schönswetter, Luise Schratt-Ehrendorfer, Fanny Schüpfer, Alberto Selvaggi, Katharina Steinmann, Conny Thiel-Egenter, Marcela van Loo, Manuela Winkler, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Tone Wraber, Felix Gugerli, IntraBioDiv Consortium This pdf file includes: 1. Supplementary Tables 2. Supplementary Figures 3. List of IntraBiodiv Consortium members page 1 1. Supplementary Tables Table S1 Pearson correlations between total species richness and single species genetic diversity in the Alps. __________________________________________________________________ Species Correlation P-value Significance __________________________________________________________________ Androsace obtusifolia 0.260 0.085 Arabis alpina -0.035 0.719 Campanula barbata -0.242 0.016 * Carex firma -0.181 0.131 Carex sempervirens -0.007 0.942 Cerastium uniflorum 0.328 0.030 * Cirsium spinosissimum 0.178 0.065 Dryas octopetala -0.215 0.023 * Gentiana nivalis -0.025 0.835 Geum montanum 0.021 0.819 Geum reptans -0.304 0.030 * Gypsophila repens 0.165 0.106 Hedysarum hedysaroides -0.404 <0.001 *** Hornungia alpina -0.242 0.020 * Hypochaeris uniflora -0.031 0.814 Juncus trifidus 0.141 0.185 Ligusticum mutellinoides 0.105 0.442 Loiseleuria procumbens -0.167 0.117 Luzula alpinopilosa -0.191 0.085 Peucedanum ostruthium 0.014 0.879 Phyteuma betonicifolium 0.108 0.294 Phyteuma hemisphaericum 0.200 0.086 Ranunculus alpestris -0.375 0.001 ** Rhododendron ferrugineum 0.206 0.026 * Saxifraga stellaris -0.171 0.094 Sesleria caerulea -0.011 0.910 Trifolium alpinum -0.078 0.549 __________________________________________________________________ Bonferroni-corrected significance of correlations: * = P < 0.05; ** = P < 0.01; *** = P < 0.001 page 2 Table S2 Pearson correlations between total species richness and single-species genetic diversity in the Carpathians. __________________________________________________________________ Species Correlation P-value Significance ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Arabis alpina -0.266 0.357 Campanula alpina -0.112 0.647 Campanula serrata 0.433 0.107 Carex sempervirens 0.654 0.006 ** Dryas octopetala 0.705 0.011 * Festuca carpathica 0.157 0.736 Festuca supina -0.306 0.202 Festuca versicolor 0.018 0.952 Gentiana nivalis 0.587 0.221 Geum montanum -0.052 0.843 Geum reptans -0.013 0.975 Hedysarum hedysaroides -0.452 0.189 Hypochaeris uniflora -0.120 0.646 Juncus trifidus -0.040 0.875 Loiseleuria procumbens -0.039 0.905 Luzula alpinopilosa 0.059 0.822 Phyteuma confusum -0.692 0.128 Primula minima -0.014 0.954 Rhododendron myrthifolium 0.217 0.456 Saxifraga stellaris 0.138 0.685 Saxifraga wahlenbergii 0.511 0.489 Sempervivum montanum 0.254 0.543 Soldanella pusilla -0.305 0.463 Veronica baumgartenii 0.241 0.475 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bonferroni-corrected significance of correlations: * = P < 0.05; ** = P < 0.01 page 3 2. Supplementary Figures Figure S1 Sampling grid for species diversity data (Alps above, Carpathians below). page 4 Figure S2 Sampling grid for genetic diversity data (Alps above, Carpathians below). The distinctly reduced number of grid cells sampled for genotyping in the Carpathians is due to the limited availability of areas above the elevation threshold of 1500m a.s.l. page 5 Figure S3 Cells included in the analysis at the species level in the Alps. Only cells with 50 or more species of alpine taxa were used in analysis (blue cells). Cells with less than 50 species (orange), mainly located at the margin of the Alps, were not used in analysis. page 6 Figure S4 Patterns of species richness and genetic diversity in the Alps for 2 x 2 aggregated cells. To represent larger regions, original grid cells were aggregated 2 × 2, representing four original cells for the species data and two cells for the genetic data (six individuals per species). No significant Bonferroni-corrected correlation between species richness and standardized genetic diversity was found in the Alps (r = 0.167; P = 0.222). page 7 Figure S5 Patterns of species richness and genetic diversity in the Alps for 3 x 3 aggregated cells. To represent larger regions, cells were aggregated 3 × 3, representing nine original cells for the species data and four to five cells for the genetic data (12-15 individuals per species). No significant Bonferroni-corrected correlation between species richness and genetic diversity was found (r = 0.167; P = 0.506). page 8 Figure S6 Patterns of species richness and genetic diversity in the Alps for cells containing the same set of species for the genetic dataset. Cells containing the same ten genotyped species (Arabis alpina, Carex sempervirens, Cirsium spinosissimum, Dryas octopetala, Geum montanum, Gypsophila repens, Peucedanum ostruthium, Rhododendron ferrugineum, Saxifraga stellaris, Sesleria caerulea) were mapped for species richness and genetic diversity. No significant Bonferroni-corrected correlation between species richness and genetic diversity was found (r = 0.065; P = 0.716). page 9 3. List of IntraBioDiv Consortium members The IntraBiodiv Consortium is composed of members of the IntraBioDiv project, as well as additional scientists, botanical experts, and technical assistants who participated to this project in relation with the official contractors and subcontractors. The project was financially supported by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Programme. Acronym: IntraBioDiv Title: Tracking surrogates for intraspecific biodiversity: towards efficient selection strategies for the conservation of natural genetic resources using comparative mapping and modelling approaches. Reference: GOCE-CT-2003-505376 Coordinator: Pierre Taberlet Scientists Wolfgang AHLMER6 Grażyna KORBECKA12 Mihai PUSCAS11 Paolo AJMONE MARSAN2 Philippe KÜPFER3 Michał RONIKIER12 Nadir ALVAREZ3 Benoît LEQUETTE14 Patrizia ROSSI15 Enzo BONA9 Dominik Roman LETZ10 Martin SCHEUERER6 Maurizio BOVIO9 Stéphanie MANEL1 Gerald SCHNEEWEISS4 Elżbieta CIESLAK12 Guilhem MANSION3 Peter SCHÖNSWETTER4 Gheorghe COLDEA11 Karol MARHOLD10 Luise SCHRATT- Licia COLLI2 Fabrizio MARTINI9 EHRENDORFER4 Vasile CRISTEA11 Zbigniew MIREK12 Fanny SCHÜPFER3 Jean-Pierre DALMAS8 Riccardo NEGRINI2 Alberto SELVAGGI17 Thorsten ENGLISCH4 Harald NIKLFELD4 Katharina STEINMANN5 Luc GARRAUD8 Fernando NIÑO13 Pierre TABERLET1 Myriam GAUDEUL1 Massimiliano PATRINI2 Conny THIEL-EGENTER5 Ludovic GIELLY1 Ovidiu PAUN4 Andreas TRIBSCH4 Felix GUGERLI5 Marco PELLECCHIA2 Marcela VAN LOO4 Walter GUTERMANN4 Giovanni PERICO9 Manuela WINKLER4 Rolf HOLDEREGGER5 Halina PIEKOS-MIRKOWA12 Thomas WOHLGEMUTH5 Nejc JOGAN7 Peter POSCHLOD6 Tone WRABER7,† Alexander A. KAGALO18 Filippo PROSSER16 Niklaus ZIMMERMANN5 Botanical experts Gabriel ALZIAR14 Paolo FANTINI15 Hugues MERLE8 Carlo ARGENTI16 Germano FEDERICI9 Marco MERSCHEL6 Tinka BACIC7 Franco FENAROLI9 Henri MICHAUD8 Jean-Eric BERTHOUSE14 Viera FERÁKOVÁ10 Luca MISERERE17 Alessio BERTOLLI16 Roberto FERRANTI9 Gian Paolo MONDINO17 Enrico BRESSAN9 Francesco FESTI16 Patrik MRÁZ10 François BRETON14 Bozo FRAJMAN7 Benoît OFFERHAUS14 Massimo BUCCHERI9 Jean-Claude GACHET14 Adrian OPREA11 Sonia D'ANDREA17 Bruno GALLINO17 Marziano PASCALE17 Sergio DANIELI9 Federica GIRONI9 Roberto PASCAL17 Rosanna DE MATTEI17 Gheorghe GROZA11 Giorgio PERAZZA16 Thierry DELAHAYE8 Andreas HILPOLD19 Marián PERNY10 Roberto DELLA VEDOVA17 Catherine JOLLIBERT14 Jean-Louis POLIDORI14 Cédric DENTANT8 Denis JORDAN8 Guy REBATTU14 Alessandra DI TURI17 Thomas KIEBACHER19 Jean-Pierre ROUX8 Wolfgang DIEWALD6 Michael KLEIH9 Ioan SÂRBU11 Rolland DOUZET1 Michel LAMBERTIN14 Silvio SCORTEGAGNA16 Constantin DRAGULESCU11 Cesare LASEN9 Paola SERGO9 Philippe DRUART3 Petra MAIR19 Natalia SKIBITSKA18 Siegrun ERTL4 Luca MANGILI9 Adriano SOLDANO17 Delphine FALLOUR-RUBIO14 Diego MARANGONI17 Jean-Marie SOLICHON14 Gino FANTINI9,† Carlo & Marisa MARCONI9 Simona STRGULC KRAJSEK7 page 10 Nadiya SYTSCHAK18 Peter TURIS10 Jean-Charles VILLARET8 Zbigniew SZELAG12 Tudor-Mihai URSU11 Łukasz WILK12 Filippo TAGLIAFERRI9 Jérémie VAN ES8 Technical assistants Sarah BOUDON13 Philippe LAGIER-BRUNO8 Dirk SCHMATZ5 Sabine BRODBECK5 Chritian MIQUEL1 Ivan VALKO10 Véronique FINIELS8 Virgile NOBLE8 Stéphanie ZUNDEL1 Jean-Michel GENIS8 Tjasa POGACNIK LIPOVEC7 Hanna KUCIEL12 Delphine RIOUX1 Acknowledgments Christian BOUCHER14 Laurence FOUCAULT14 Monique PERFUS14 Jean-Marie CEVASCO14 Jean-Félix GANDIOLI14 Daniel REBOUL14 Guillaume CHAUDE14 Ernest GRENIER14 Alain ROCCHIA14 Dominique CHAVY14 Emmanuel ICARDO14 Jean-Pierre ROUX14 Bruno CUERVAN14 Zoltan JABLONOVSKI11 Robert SALANON14
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