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Communism and Post-Communism in Romania : Challenges to Democratic Transition
TITLE : COMMUNISM AND POST-COMMUNISM IN ROMANIA : CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION AUTHOR : VLADIMIR TISMANEANU, University of Marylan d THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FO R EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE VIII PROGRA M 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N .W . Washington, D .C . 20036 LEGAL NOTICE The Government of the District of Columbia has certified an amendment of th e Articles of Incorporation of the National Council for Soviet and East European Research changing the name of the Corporation to THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH, effective on June 9, 1997. Grants, contracts and all other legal engagements of and with the Corporation made unde r its former name are unaffected and remain in force unless/until modified in writin g by the parties thereto . PROJECT INFORMATION : 1 CONTRACTOR : University of Marylan d PR1NCIPAL 1NVEST1GATOR : Vladimir Tismanean u COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 81 1-2 3 DATE : March 26, 1998 COPYRIGHT INFORMATIO N Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funded by contract with the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research . However, the Council and the United States Government have the right to duplicate an d disseminate, in written and electronic form, this Report submitted to the Council under thi s Contract, as follows : Such dissemination may be made by the Council solely (a) for its ow n internal use, and (b) to the United States Government (1) for its own internal use ; (2) for further dissemination to domestic, international and foreign governments, entities an d individuals to serve official United States Government purposes ; and (3) for dissemination i n accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the United State s Government granting the public rights of access to documents held by the United State s Government. -
Romania Redivivus
alexander clapp ROMANIA REDIVIVUS nce the badlands of neoliberal Europe, Romania has become its bustling frontier. A post-communist mafia state that was cast to the bottom of the European heap by opinion- makers sixteen years ago is now billed as the success story Oof eu expansion.1 Its growth rate at nearly 6 per cent is the highest on the continent, albeit boosted by fiscal largesse.2 In Bucharest more politicians have been put in jail for corruption over the past decade than have been convicted in the rest of Eastern Europe put together. Romania causes Brussels and Berlin almost none of the headaches inflicted by the Visegrád Group—Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia— which in 1993 declined to accept Romania as a peer and collectively entered the European Union three years before it. Romanians con- sistently rank among the most Europhile people in the Union.3 An anti-eu party has never appeared on a Romanian ballot, much less in the parliament. Scattered political appeals to unsavoury interwar traditions—Legionnairism, Greater Romanianism—attract fewer voters than do far-right movements across most of Western Europe. The two million Magyars of Transylvania, one of Europe’s largest minorities, have become a model for inter-ethnic relations after a time when the park benches of Cluj were gilded in the Romanian tricolore to remind every- one where they were. Indeed, perhaps the aptest symbol of Romania’s place in Europe today is the man who sits in the Presidential Palace of Cotroceni in Bucharest. Klaus Iohannis—a former physics teacher at a high school in Sibiu, once Hermannstadt—is an ethnic German head- ing a state that, a generation ago, was shipping hundreds of thousands of its ‘Saxons’ ‘back’ to Bonn at 4,000–10,000 Deutschmarks a head. -
Download the Full Document About Romania
About Romania Romania (Romanian: România, IPA: [ro.mɨni.a]) is a country in Southeastern Europe sited in a historic region that dates back to antiquity. It shares border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south. Romania has a stretch of sea coast along the Black Sea. It is located roughly in the lower basin of the Danube and almost all of the Danube Delta is located within its territory. Romania is a parliamentary unitary state. As a nation-state, the country was formed by the merging of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 and it gained recognition of its independence in 1878. Later, in 1918, they were joined by Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia. At the end of World War II, parts of its territories (roughly the present day Moldova) were occupied by USSR and Romania became a member of Warsaw Pact. With the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, Romania started a series of political and economic reforms that peaked with Romania joining the European Union. Romania has been a member of the European Union since January 1, 2007, and has the ninth largest territory in the EU and with 22 million people [1] it has the 7th largest population among the EU member states. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest (Romanian: Bucureşti /bu.kureʃtʲ/ (help·info)), the sixth largest city in the EU with almost 2 million people. In 2007, Sibiu, a large city in Transylvania, was chosen as European Capital of Culture.[2] Romania joined NATO on March 29, 2004, and is also a member of the Latin Union, of the Francophonie and of OSCE. -
Continuities and Changes of Europe in Romanian National Discourse
Lund UniversityLund University STMV 23, 2017 PoliticalPolitical Science Science Department Department Superviser: Magnus Jerneck MasterMaster of European Of European Affairs Affairs Superviser: STVM 23, Magnus 2017 Jerneck Continuities and Changes of Europe in Romanian National Discourse A thematic analysis of Romania`s chiefs of state speeches, between 1931 and 2016 Mihail Nejneru Lund University Political Science Department Superviser: Magnus Jerneck Master of European Affairs STVM 23, 2017 Abstract There are several problems when studying, as this thesis, the interplay between the concepts of Europe and of nation, in an official discourse of a state. One is that these concepts are largely seen as being in a dichotomous position. This research argues about the importance of changing the perception about the various way the concepts can relate to each other. The study considers the representations of the nation and of Europe as correlated. Consequently, the idea of Europe is modified over time according to the political culture type. The peculiarities of the case selection: Romania, as two violent regime changes, amplifies the effects of this multi faced process of conferring meanings to Europe. First, the communist regime crafted its own national narrative by mixing soviet supranational elements with a strong nationalistic rhetoric. This was done also with the use of Protochronism, a Romanian term, describing the process to ascribe, with the use of questionable data and by questionable interpretations, an idealised past to the country. Second, the post-communist elites could not decide what stance should be adopted towards pre-communist and communist regimes. The implications for the concept of Europe were discovered using a thematic analysis on 25 New Year’s Eve messages of Romanians chiefs of the state, transmitted from 1931 to 2016. -
Extensions of Remarks E1301 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS
July 15, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð Extensions of Remarks E1301 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TRIBUTE TO ROMANIAN PRESI- mania takes a leadership role in the Partner- eral prominent publications have identified DENT EMIL CONSTANTINESCU ship for Peace collaboration. He helped lead health care as the defining issue of the 1990s. the Romanians in giving U.S. President Bill I agree. In meeting after meeting in southern Clinton in 1997 his biggest reception any- Indiana I have noticed how persistently the HON. MIKE PARKER where up to that time. And the same Roma- question of health care comes forward in dis- OF MISSISSIPPI nians have indicated the highest level of sup- cussions. It is the issue that bubbles and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES port for NATO and partnership with America seethes beneath the surface at all times sim- of any of the peoples of Eastern Europe; Wednesday, July 15, 1998 Met with regional and other world leaders ply because it is the most personal and real to demonstrate his determination to make issue that touches the hopes and fears of Mr. PARKER. Mr. Speaker, for the RECORD every American. I would like to submit a statement of tribute by Romania a peaceful island of stability in the volatile region. His outreach to the Hungar- POPULAR VIEWS ON HEALTH CARE my former House colleague David Funderburk ian minority and to neighboring Hungary as to Romania's President who is visiting Wash- well as to neighboring Ukraine have been I find Hoosiers overwhelmingly want ev- ington this week. models of cooperation in the region; eryone to have access to health care services Helped guide Romania through its most A TRIBUTE TO ROMANIAN PRESIDENT EMIL but they split on how to pay for that access. -
UDMR - Coloana a V-A a Ungariei În România Din Angajamentele Fata De UDMR ION GOIA Ş
p mm i ; Astăzi vremea va * î ^ 1 K ţ- fi în generat închisă ♦ ****•/! .. *■- 5s I Rozii vuiturilor/> & % ! 1 T cu cerut temporar fc * B5v' - ■ • ’M • noros. Pe alocuri va ninge. 4 PoHtifi/J î "• f ' * ţ Aria - citlturâ/5 a $ *: Vînt slab la moderat dîs I f Omuhi w iita tca /6 * : SE, Temperaturile în j f Puhlifiuii’/7 creştere* maximele vor 6 cuprinse între.-6 şi -3°C- j ţ / «w/î Izolat ceaţă dimineaţa. I ţ / «ymf/y z ia r independent Meteorolog dc sefvîciu: ţ Hiu!ion/10-lI Constanţa Kagyi/" | lurifljlâti/12 MARTI, 31 DEC. 1996- AIUUL VII NR. 1861 ţ Spnrt/U-N VINERI, 3 IAN. 1997 tn pagina a'16-a: .harta i hmtiment/15 ISSN 1 2 2 0 -3 2 0 3 privind starea probabilă a vremii, valabilă pentru azL' + lltimu orii/16 16 PAGINI 5 0 0 LEI Adrian Severin a achitat prima rată CE NE VA ADUCE 1997? * UDMR - coloana a V-a a Ungariei în România din angajamentele fata de UDMR ION GOIA ş . ' t ■ : Din nefericire, constatăm cu - UDMR şi -Ungaria au impus . | ^Conducerea Organizaţiei judeţene oficializarea acestei limbi în ub multe aspecte, 1997 se aseamănă îngrijorare că tot ceea ce au semnalat Guvernului român deschiderea mai i Cluj a P.D.S.R. a luat act cu îngrijorare instituţiile de stat, învăţămînt de toate S cu 1993: este primul an postelectoral Uniunea "Vatra Românească” şi multor consulate, în special în l-de înţelegerile convenite între gradele în limba maghiară, separat de în care noua putere instalată a scăpat PUNR poporului român, din timp şi 'Transilvania; | ministrul Afacerilor Externe român, cel românesc, restituirea bunurilor; de teama şi emoţiile alegerilor; noii; ori de cîte ori a fost cazul, s-a'adeverit - limba maghiară se va utiliza ca Adrian Severin, şi oficialităţile de la care au aparţinut cîndva Bisericii guvernanţi sînt dornici dc a demonstra că în privinţa acţiunilor UDMR şi ale limbă'oficială în numeroase localităţi Budapesta. -
Collective Memory and National Identity in Post-Communist Romania: Representations of the Communist Past in Romanian News Media and Romanian Politics (1990 - 2009)
COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN POST-COMMUNIST ROMANIA: REPRESENTATIONS OF THE COMMUNIST PAST IN ROMANIAN NEWS MEDIA AND ROMANIAN POLITICS (1990 - 2009) A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Constanta Alina Hogea May 2014 Examining Committee Members: Carolyn Kitch, Advisory Chair, Journalism Nancy Morris, Media Studies and Production Fabienne Darling-Wolf, Journalism Mihai Coman, External Member, University of Bucharest © Copyright 2014 by Constanta Alina Hogea All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT My dissertation situates at the intersection of communication studies and political sciences under the umbrella of the interdisciplinary field of collective memory. Precisely, it focuses on the use of the communist past by political actors to gain power and legitimacy, and on the interplay between news media and politics in shaping a national identity in post-communist Romania. My research includes the analysis of the media representations of two categories of events: the anniversaries of the Romanian Revolution and the political campaigns for presidential/parliamentary elections. On the one hand, the public understanding of the break with communism plays an important role in how the post-communist society is defined. The revolution as a schism between the communist regime and a newborn society acts like a prism through which Romanians understand their communist past, but also the developments the country has taken after it. On the other hand, political communication is operating on the public imaginary of the past, the present and the future. The analysis of the political discourses unfolded in the news media shows how the collective memory of the communist past is used to serve political interests in the discursive struggle for power and legitimacy. -
FINAL REPORT International Commission on the Holocaust In
FINAL REPORT of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania Presented to Romanian President Ion Iliescu November 11, 2004 Bucharest, Romania NOTE: The English text of this Report is currently in preparation for publication. © International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania. All rights reserved. DISTORTION, NEGATIONISM, AND MINIMALIZATION OF THE HOLOCAUST IN POSTWAR ROMANIA Introduction This chapter reviews and analyzes the different forms of Holocaust distortion, denial, and minimalization in post-World War II Romania. It must be emphasized from the start that the analysis is based on the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum’s definition of the Holocaust, which Commission members accepted as authoritative soon after the Commission was established. This definition1 does not leave room for doubt about the state-organized participation of Romania in the genocide against the Jews, since during the Second World War, Romania was among those allies and a collaborators of Nazi Germany that had a systematic plan for the persecution and annihilation of the Jewish population living on territories under their unmitigated control. In Romania’s specific case, an additional “target-population” subjected to or destined for genocide was the Romany minority. This chapter will employ an adequate conceptualization, using both updated recent studies on the Holocaust in general and new interpretations concerning this genocide in particular. Insofar as the employed conceptualization is concerned, two terminological clarifications are in order. First, “distortion” refers to attempts to use historical research on the dimensions and significance of the Holocaust either to diminish its significance or to serve political and propagandistic purposes. Although its use is not strictly confined to the Communist era, the term “distortion” is generally employed in reference to that period, during which historical research was completely subjected to controls by the Communist Party’s political censorship. -
A New French Revolution? an Integrative Approach in the Analysis
A New French Revolution? An integrative approach in the analysis of the Romanian transition A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Cand. Polit. Øyvind E. Lervik Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Norway February 2001 Avdeling for forskningsdokumentasjon, Universitetsbiblioteket i Bergen, 27.03.2001 SUMMARY This thesis has focued on the Romanian transition. The critical period concerned was from March 1989, with apparent signs of liberalisation, to the 1990 elections. Romania differed from the East and Central European transitions and the background of these cases. The Integrative Approach provided the analytical framework for relations between relevant structural characteristics and the violent revolution. An examination of several levels of aggregation gave actors’ preferences and the context of the transition, forming the basis for a game theoretic analysis. The issues justifying a transition questions and its proceedings were scrutinised. Selected theories in transitology were elaborated in light of these requirements. The study thus gave a methodological critique as well. The conclusions both gave insight into the forces that provoked the Romanian transition and illustrated how it was supervised. The observations provide contributions to generalisations on rational choices under transitions’ structural constraints, if supplemented with similar theoretical approaches to other cases. The Romanian transition was incomparable to the French revolution. Avdeling for forskningsdokumentasjon, -
L'anticommunisme En Roumanie (1996-2000)
www.ssoar.info L’anticommunisme en Roumanie (1996-2000) Gussi, Alexandru Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Gussi, A. (2007). L’anticommunisme en Roumanie (1996-2000). Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review, 7(1), 117-132. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-56062-8 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/1.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/1.0/deed.de L’anticommunisme en Roumanie (1996-2000) 117 L’anticommunisme en Roumanie (1996-2000) ALEXANDRU GUSSI La principale caractéristique de l’anticommunisme, commune à ses deux di- mensions, civique et politique, vient du fait qu’il apparaît comme un discours de division, de contestation à la fois de la réalité d’avant 1989 et des premiers diri- geants postcommunistes, dans un espace public où cette contestation n’existait pas auparavant. On peut définir le discours anticommuniste à la fois comme symp- tôme, instrument et cadre. Symptôme d’une réalité sociale et intellectuelle qui ne peut s’exprimer de fa- çon critique qu’après 1990. Car si, par exemple, Vaclav Havel n’a pas voulu créer le mythe d’une nation dissidente, mais intégrer les dissidents à la nation1, l’absence d’un mouvement d’opposition au régime en la Roumanie communiste a fait qu’après 1989 il y a eu d’abord un effort de différenciation par rapport aux ex-com- munistes de la part des intellectuels critiques et de ceux qui les suivaient2. -
MAPPING DIGITAL MEDIA: ROMANIA Mapping Digital Media: Romania
COUNTRY REPORT MAPPING DIGITAL MEDIA: ROMANIA Mapping Digital Media: Romania A REPORT BY THE OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS WRITTEN BY Manuela Preoteasa and Iulian Comanescu (lead reporters) Ioana Ava˘dani and Adrian Vasilache (reporters) EDITED BY Marius Dragomir and Mark Thompson (Open Society Media Program editors) EDITORIAL COMMISSION Yuen-Ying Chan, Christian S. Nissen, Dusˇan Reljic´, Russell Southwood, Michael Starks, Damian Tambini The Editorial Commission is an advisory body. Its members are not responsible for the information or assessments contained in the Mapping Digital Media texts OPEN SOCIETY MEDIA PROGRAM TEAM Biljana Tatomir, deputy director; Meijinder Kaur, program assistant; Morris Lipson, senior legal advisor; Miguel Castro, special projects manager; and Gordana Jankovic, director OPEN SOCIETY INFORMATION PROGRAM TEAM Vera Franz, senior program manager; Darius Cuplinskas, director 4 December 2010 Contents Mapping Digital Media ..................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 6 Context ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Social Indicators ................................................................................................................................ 12 1. Media Consumption: Th e Digital Factor -
Antologie Philobiblon –
BIBLIOTHECA BIBLIOLOGICA Fondată de I. Crăciun SERIE NOUĂ 29 (48) HERMENEUTICA BIBLIOTHECARIA – Antologie Philobiblon – ( III) Editori Carmen Crişan, István Király V., Cristina Popa, Viorica Sâncrăian şi Raluca Soare Presa Universitară Clujeană Biblioteca Centrală Universitară „Lucian Blaga” Cluj-Napoca, 2007 Copyright © Biblioteca Centrală Universitară „Lucian Blaga” – Cluj-Napoca CUPRINS CONTUR Re-Introducere, sau: Dincolo de „teoria şi practica” informării şi documentării – Spre o hermeneutică necesară Viorica Sâncrăian Atelier Philobiblon FOCUS Gheroghe Vais Biblioteca Universităţii din Cluj, 1906-1909 Dénes Győrfi Gyalui Farkas – fost director adjunct al bibliotecii universităţii din Cluj Vladimir F. Wertsman Seria filatelică multiculturală Librariana Meda-Diana Hotea „O scriere chineză în cifre arabe” Carmen Crişan Utilizarea bazelor de date ştiinţifice abonate de Biblioteca Centrala Universitara Lucian Blaga în anul 2005 Gabriela Morărescu Anul 2005 – o nouă abordare a bibliotecilor filiale Mariana Falup Realizări şi perspective în automatizare şi modernizare Maria Petrescu Digitizarea documentelor culturale Alina Ioana Şuta De la schimbul internaţional de publicaţii la schimbul experienţei – un contact polonez Marcela-Georgeta Groza Biblioteca de Matematică şi Informatică între ieri şi mâine Luminiţa Tomuţa Remodelarea unei biblioteci – Remodelarea mentalităţilor Emilia-Maria Soporan O prietenie activă pe tărâmul multiculturalităţii: Andrei Pippidi - Adrian Marino Costel Dumitraşcu Informaţiile bibliografice sau: Pe urmele cărţii