DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,615,546 B2 Gupta (45) Date of Patent: Nov

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,615,546 B2 Gupta (45) Date of Patent: Nov USOO761.5546B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,615,546 B2 Gupta (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 10, 2009 (54) TOPICAL DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR 6,407,085 B1* 6/2002 Kief ........................... 514, 182 PHYTOSTEROLS * cited by examiner (75) Inventor: Shyam K Gupta, Scottsdale, AZ (US) Primary Examiner Shaojia Anna Jiang Assistant Examiner Eric S Olson (73) Assignee: BioDerm Research, Scottsdale, AZ (US) (57) ABSTRACT (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 This invention relates to certain Sugaresters of phytosterols of U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. formula (I). These esters are useful for topical application, and for the treatment of skin condition, including age spots, (21) Appl. No.: 12/210,266 acne, loss of cellular antioxidants, collagen loss, loss of skin pliability, loss of skin Suppleness, skin wrinkles including (22) Filed: Sep.15, 2008 fine lines, oxidation, damage from radiation, malfunction of matrix metalloproteases, malfunction of tyrosinases, damage (65) Prior Publication Data from free radicals, damage from UV, dry skin, Xerosis, ich US 2009/0042846A1 Feb. 12, 2009 thyosis, dandruff, brownish spots, keratoses, melasma, len tigines, liver spots, pigmented spots, dark circles under the Related U.S. Application Data eyes, skin pigmentation including darkened skin, blemishes, (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/161,856, oily skin, warts, eczema, pruritic skin, psoriasis, inflamma filed on Aug. 19, 2005, now abandoned, and a continu tory dermatoses, topical inflammation, disturbed keratiniza ation-in-part of application No. 12/139,659, filed on tion, skin changes associated with aging, nail or skin requir ing cleansers, conditioning or treatment, and hair or scalp Jun. 16, 2008. requiring shampooing or conditioning, and combinations (51) Int. Cl. thereof; A6 IK3I/58 (2006.01) A 6LX 3/575 (2006.01) A63L/23 (2006.01) (I) A6 IK 3L/22 (2006.01) CO7I 53/00 (2006.01) C07J 9/00 (2006.01) C07C 69/017 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 514/172: 514/173; 514/546; 514/552; 552/510:552/514: 552/544: 552/547: Wherein, 56Of 129 n=0, 1, 2, or 3; and (58) Field of Classification Search ....................... None R=H, CH-OH, CH(OH) CH-OH, -CH(OH) CH See application file for complete search history. (OH) CH-OH; and (56) References Cited R'=Substituent selected from a sapogenin, steroid, or ter penoid. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,733,572 A * 3/1998 Unger et al. ................ 424/450 17 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Nov. 10, 2009 Sheet 1 of 9 US 7.615,546 B2 O OH R n R N O OH OH Sugar Ester of a Polycyclic Polyisoprenoid Wherein, n = 0, 1, 2, or 3, and R = H, -CHOH, -CH(OH)-CHOH, -CH(OH)-CH(OH)-CHOH, and R = Substituent selected from a Sapogenin, steroid, or triterpenoid Steroid HC CH HC Triterpenoid Sapogenin 1 Ergosterol HC HC CH CH Lanosterol Diosgenin HC Cholesterol Cycloartenol CH HC Solanogenin COOH Sitosterol Betulinic Acid HC CH Fig. 1. Sugar Esters of Polycyclic Polyisoprenoids U.S. Patent Nov. 10, 2009 Sheet 2 of 9 US 7.615,546 B2 H3C CH3 Fig. 2. Polycyclic Polyisoprenoid Substituents in Fig 1. U.S. Patent Nov. 10, 2009 Sheet 3 of 9 US 7.615,546 B2 HO (XIX). Fig. 3. Additional Polycyclic Polyisoprenoid Substituents in Fig 1. U.S. Patent Nov. 10, 2009 Sheet 4 of 9 US 7.615,546 B2 Steroid Gluconates CH OH OH O HO S apogeninin GluconatesGl OH, OH O Triterpenoid Gluconates HC o CH3 Ergosterol Gluconate (XXI) CH3 HC Hac-\ O CH CH O OH CH 3 O OH, OH OH OH O HC O Diosgenin Gluconate (XX) OH, OH 3 OH, OH CH 3 CH3 OH OH O re-ell O (XXIV) OH, OH Cholesterol Gluconate CH3 H3C HC CH3 OH, OH (XXIII) 's- OH OH, OH Solanogenin Gluconate (XXVI) Cycloartenol Gluconate OH OH O HO O OH OH HOOC Sitosterol Gluconate (XXV) CH3 O OH OH CH O 2- OH OH OH HC CH Betulinic Acid Gluconate (XXVII) Fig. 4. Gluconate Esters of Sapogenins, Steroids, and Triterpenoids U.S. Patent Nov. 10, 2009 Sheet 5 Of 9 US 7.615,546 B2 OH OH O re O OH OH (XXVIII) HC Divergioic Acid Gluconate 3 (XXXI) Hc Tormetic Acid Gluconate HOOC CH3 ch, Boswellic Acid Gluconate (XXXV) Moronic Acid Gluconate (XXXVI) Ruscogenin Gluconate (XXXVII) HO Fig. 5. Gluconate Esters of Polycyclic Triterpenoids U.S. Patent Nov. 10, 2009 Sheet 6 of 9 US 7.615,546 B2 HC 3 o CH3 HC N-Yo CH3 HC HC 3 O CH3 O O CH3 H O OH OH OHO -- O 50-120' O All ) OH OH Phytosterol (Diosgenin) HO OH (XX) OH Phytosterol Sugar Ester (Diosgenin Gluconate) Sugar Lactone (Gluconolactone) Fig. 6. Process of Phytosterol Sugar Esters from A Phytosterol (Diosgenin) & A Natural Sugar Lactone (Gluconolactone) U.S. Patent Nov. 10, 2009 Sheet 7 Of 9 US 7.615,546 B2 Guggul Sterols Gluconolactone H Y-CH3 O CH CH CH3 C All OH CH O11 Z-Guggul Sterol Gluconate CHf O OH OH CH OH O OH OH E-Guggul Sterol Gluconate Guggul Sterol III Gluconate CH CH3 3 O OH OH CH - No ----orr T 1. OH OH Guggul Sterol IV Gluconate Fig. 7. Guggul Sterols Gluconates & somers U.S. Patent Nov. 10, 2009 Sheet 8 of 9 US 7.615,546 B2 Forskohlin Gluconates Garcinol Gluconates R, R2 = OH; and/or to-illOH OH O OH OH Fig. 8 Polyisoprenoid Gluconates U.S. Patent Nov. 10, 2009 Sheet 9 Of 9 US 7.615,546 B2 HC R CH3 CH3 CH3 HC OH OH O HO O OH OH Campesterol Gluconate : R = CH A. Campestanol: R = CH Sitosterol: R = -CHCH. A Stigmastanol: R = -CHCH Stigmasterol: R = -CHCH A5, 22 Fig. 9. Tall Oil (Pine) Sterols Gluconates US 7,615,546 B2 1. 2 TOPCAL DELVERY SYSTEM FOR ditioning or treatment, and hair or scalp requiring shampoo PHYTOSTEROLS ing or conditioning, and combinations thereof. The present invention is a continuation-in-part of U.S. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART patent application Ser. No. 1 1/161,856 (filed on 19 Aug. The polycyclic polyisoprenoids are a class of polycyclic 2005) now abandoned , and continuation-in-part of U.S. compounds biogenetically derived from isoprene units. The patent application Ser. No. 12/139,659 (filed on 16 Jun. most important of these—sterols, Sapogenins, terpenoids, 2008). and phytosterols—have structures similar to plant and animal 10 steroids. Most of these are obtained from natural source, for BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION example, Wong et al. (Journal of Wood Science, Vol. 47, 400 (2001); Foster et al., TAPPI, Vol. 63, No. 12, 103 (1980); and Phytosterols are a class of polycyclic polyisoprenoids Robinson et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 6,057.462). compounds biogenetically derived from isoprene units. For Steroids are waxy, Soapy or greasy in texture, thus are more practical purpose, the term “phytosterol and “polycyclic 15 soluble in oil than water. The best-known animal sterol is polyisoprenoid’ are used interchangeably in the present cholesterol, which, despite its negative connotation, is essen invention. The most important of these—sterols, Sapogenins, tial for life and a critical component of cell membranes, phytosterols, and terpenoids—have structures similar to plant organs, the brain and the nervous system. Just as cholesterol is the human precursor to all steroid hormones, such as cor and animal steroids, which have a basic structure of three tisol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, beta-sitosterol linked six-membered rings and one five-membered ring. Ste is the plants precursor to growth and reproductive hormones. roids and terpenoids with hydroxyl groups have names that Sapogenins that are stored in plants with Sugars attached end in “ol’ such as cholesterol and menthol, respectively. A are called Saponins. Some Sapogenins, the non-Sugar portion number of these are known to have medicinal properties of a saponin, can mimic or regulate steroid hormones or (Singh et al., Current Science, Vol. 89, No. 2, 269-290 25 hormone precursors. Yams (Dioscorea spp.), which contain (2005)). Most of these polycyclic polyisoprenoids are known variable amounts of the Sapogenin diosgenin, can be con to be water insoluble, which results in their poor bioavailabil Verted into corticosteroids, dehydroepiandrosterone ity from any topical compositions. (DHEA), estrogen and progesterone in the laboratory, The present invention relates to Sugar esters of said phy whereas the body cannot convert diosgenin into steroid hor tosterols, which are conjugates of phytosterols with certain 30 mones. Diosgenin has a weak estrogenic or progesteronic Sugar lactones; in their optically active, inactive, or racemic effect, which may account for its historical folk use by forms (such as d, 1.dll, and meso): wherein phytosterol moiety WOle. provides the alcohol part, and the Sugar lactone moiety pro The yam North American herbalists use most often is D. vides the carbonyl part of said Sugar esters. These esters are villosa, which isn't as rich in diosgenin as are other species. 35 Yam species used for food are lower in Sapogenins than their useful for the treatment of multiple skin conditions and ail wild progenitors (saponins are distasteful and can be toxic). ments, including age spots, acne, loss of cellular antioxidants, Sapon, which means soap, refers to the Saponins tendency to collagen loss, loss of skin pliability, loss of skin Suppleness, foam in water. skin wrinkles including fine lines, oxidation, damage from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is richer in dios radiation, malfunction of matrix metalloproteases, malfunc 40 genin and other Saponins thanyams. Traditionally, fenugreek tion of tyrosinases, damage from free radicals, damage from was prescribed to increase breast milk production and breast UV, dry skin, Xerosis, ichthyosis, dandruff, brownish spots, size.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Antiviral Activities of Oleanolic Acid and Its Analogues
    molecules Review Antiviral Activities of Oleanolic Acid and Its Analogues Vuyolwethu Khwaza, Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji and Blessing A. Aderibigbe * Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; [email protected] (V.K.); [email protected] (O.O.O) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-406022266; Fax: +08-67301846 Academic Editors: Patrizia Ciminiello, Alfonso Mangoni, Marialuisa Menna and Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Received: 27 July 2018; Accepted: 5 September 2018; Published: 9 September 2018 Abstract: Viral diseases, such as human immune deficiency virus (HIV), influenza, hepatitis, and herpes, are the leading causes of human death in the world. The shortage of effective vaccines or therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of the numerous viral infections, and the great increase in the number of new drug-resistant viruses, indicate that there is a great need for the development of novel and potent antiviral drugs. Natural products are one of the most valuable sources for drug discovery. Most natural triterpenoids, such as oleanolic acid (OA), possess notable antiviral activity. Therefore, it is important to validate how plant isolates, such as OA and its analogues, can improve and produce potent drugs for the treatment of viral disease. This article reports a review of the analogues of oleanolic acid and their selected pathogenic antiviral activities, which include HIV, the influenza virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and herpes viruses. Keywords: HIV; influenza virus; HBV/HCV; natural product; triterpenoids; medicinal plant 1. Introduction Viral diseases remain a major problem for humankind. It has been reported in some reviews that there is an increase in the number of viral diseases responsible for death and morbidity around the world [1,2].
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemicals
    Phytochemicals HO O OH CH OC(CH3)3 3 CH3 CH3 H H O NH O CH3 O O O O OH O CH3 CH3 OH CH3 N N O O O N N CH3 OH HO OH HO Alkaloids Steroids Terpenoids Phenylpropanoids Polyphenols Others Phytochemicals Phytochemical is a general term for natural botanical chemicals Asiatic Acid [A2475] is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from found in, for example, fruits and vegetables. Phytochemicals are Centella asiatica which is a tropical medicinal plant. Asiatic Acid not necessary for human metabolism, in contrast to proteins, possess wide pharmacological activities. sugars and other essential nutrients, but it is believed that CH3 phytochemicals affect human health. Phytochemicals are CH3 components of herbs and crude drugs used since antiquity by humans, and significant research into phytochemicals continues today. H C CH H C OH HO 3 3 O Atropine [A0754], a tropane alkaloid, was first extracted from H CH3 the root of belladonna (Atropa belladonna) in 1830s. Atropine is a HO competitive antagonist of muscarine-like actions of acetylcholine CH3 H and is therefore classified as an antimuscarinic agent. OH [A2475] O NCH3 O C CHCH2OH Curcumin [C0434] [C2302], a dietary constituent of turmeric, has chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potentials against various types of cancers. OO CH3O OCH3 [A0754] HO OH Galantamine Hydrobromide [G0293] is a tertiary alkaloid [C0434] [C2302] found in the bulbs of Galanthus woronowi. Galantamine has shown potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. TCI provides many phytochemicals such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, polyphenols and etc. OH References O . HBr Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.271,949 B2 Hazan Et Al
    US00927 1949B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.271,949 B2 Hazan et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 1, 2016 (54) COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING ACIDIC 2005/023874O A1 10/2005 Fotinos EXTRACTS OF MASTC GUM 2009/004.8205 A1 2/2009 Meyer 2014/0294928 A1 10/2014 Hazan et al. (75) Inventors: Zadik Hazan, Zichron Yaakov (IL); Andre C. B. Lucassen, Rehovot (IL) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS CN 1173134 A 2, 1998 (73) Assignee: REGENERA PHARMA LTD., EP 152O585 4/2005 Rehovot (IL) GR 1.003541 3, 2001 GR 10O3868 4/2002 JP 2007135493 6, 2007 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this WO 01.21212 A1 3, 2001 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO O3,O92712 11, 2003 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO O3,O97212 11, 2003 WO 2005/094837 10/2005 (21) Appl. No.: 13/821,194 WO 2005/112967 12/2005 WO 2006/OO3659 1, 2006 WO 20080243.74 A2 2, 2008 (22) PCT Filed: Sep. 7, 2011 WO 2010030082 A2 3, 2010 WO 2010/100650 9, 2010 (86). PCT No.: PCT/L2O11AOOO724 WO 2010/100651 9, 2010 S371 (c)(1), (2), (4) Date: Mar. 6, 2013 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2012/032523 CAS Registry record for “Masticadienoic Acid' (retrieved Aug. 2014).* PCT Pub. Date: Mar. 15, 2012 Al-Habbal, M.J., Al-Habbal, Z, Huwez, F.U. A double-blind con trolled clinical trial of mastic and placebo in the treatment of (65) Prior Publication Data duodenal ulcer, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 1984, 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Terpenes: Substances Useful in Human Healthcare
    REVIEW Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp., 2007, 55, 315–327 DOI 10.1007/s00005-007-0039-1 PL ISSN 0004-069X Terpenes: substances useful in human healthcare Roman Paduch1, Martyna Kandefer−Szerszeń1, Mariusz Trytek2 and Jan Fiedurek2 1 Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk³odowska University, Lublin, Poland 2 Department of Industrial Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk³odowska University, Lublin, Poland Received: 2007.01.23, Accepted: 2007.05.10, Published online first: 2007.10.01 Abstract Terpenes are naturally occurring substances produced by a wide variety of plants and animals. A broad range of the biolog- ical properties of terpenoids is described, including cancer chemopreventive effects, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti- hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antiparasitic activities. Terpenes are also presented as skin penetration enhancers and agents involved in the prevention and therapy of several inflammatory diseases. Moreover, a potential mechanism of their action against pathogens and their influence on skin permeability are discussed. The major conclusion is that larger-scale use of terpenoids in modern medicine should be taken into consideration. Abbreviations: 5-FU – 5-fluorouracil, AKBA – acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid, AZT – zidovudine, CoQ – coenzyme Q, COX-2 – cyclooxygenase 2, DMAPP – dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, HIV – human immunodeficiency virus, HSV – herpes simplex virus, iNOS – inducible nitric oxide synthetase, IPP – isopentenyl pyrophosphate, LPS – lipopolysaccharide, NF-κB – nuclear κ β β factor B, NO – nitric oxide, PGE2 – prostaglandin E2, PLA2 – phospholipase A2, TGF- – transforming growth factor , TNF-α – tumor necrosis factor α. Key words: terpenes, terpene activity, antitumor, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic.
    [Show full text]
  • Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Oleanolic Acid and Its Analogues from Syzygium Aromaticum (Cloves) and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities
    Extraction, isolation and characterization of oleanolic acid and its analogues from syzygium aromaticum (cloves) and evaluation of their biological activities. A ―Dissertation submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science (MSc.) in Chemistry in the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, at the University of Fort Hare‖ By Khwaza Vuyolwethu (201209227) Supervisor: Prof. O. O. Oyedeji Co-supervisor: Prof. B. A. Aderibigbe 2019 i DECLARATION I, ―Khwaza Vuyolwethu, student number 201209227 declare that this Dissertation entitled, Extraction, isolation and characterization of oleanolic acid and its analogues from Syzygium aromaticum (cloves) and evaluation of their biological activities, which I hereby submit to the university of Fort hare in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters of Science (Chemistry) is my own original work, it has never been submitted for any academic award to any other institution of higher learning.‖ ……………………………. …………………………………… Khwaza Vuyolwethu Date ……………………………. …………………………………… Prof O.O Oyedeji Date Supervisor ……………………………. …………………………………… Prof. B. A. Aderibigbe Date Co-Supervisor ii PLAGIARISM DECLARATION I, Khwaza Vuyolwethu, student number 201209227 hereby declare that I am fully aware of the University of Fort Hare‘s policy on plagiarism and I have taken every precaution to comply with the regulations. 1. I declare that this dissertation is the results of my own original work. Where someone else‘s work was used (others sources i.e internet, printed sources etc.) due acknowledgment was given and reference was made according to the department requirements. 2. I did not use another student‘s work and submit it as my own work. 3. I did not and will not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention of presenting it as his/her own work.‖ iii CONFERENCE AND PUBLICATIONS Conferences Vuyolwethu Khwaza, Opeoluwa O.
    [Show full text]
  • Varied Doses and Chemical Forms of Selenium Supplementation Differentially Affect Mouse Intestinal Physiology
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Food & Function. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Varied doses and chemical forms of selenium supplementation differentially affect mouse intestinal physiology Qixiao Zhai 1,2,4#, Yue Xiao1,2#, Peng Li 2,3, Fengwei Tian 1,2,4, Jianxin Zhao 1,2, Hao Zhang 1,2,3, Wei Chen 1,2,3,5* 1 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China 2 School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China 3 National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China 4 International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China 5 Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, P. R. China # These authors contributed equally to this work. * Correspondence: Wei Chen. Tel: 86-510-85912155; Fax: 86-510-85912155 E-mail address: [email protected] Postal address: No 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China Supplementary materials Materials and Methods Fecal metabolomic analysis Sample collection and metabolite extraction Fresh fecal samples were collected in a 1.5-ml tube, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then stored at −80 °C. The fecal samples (60 mg) were mixed with 600-μL pre-cooled mixture of methanol and ultra-pure water (4:1, v/v) and subjected to ice-based sonication (500 W; 6 s on, 6 s off) for 10 min to extract metabolites.
    [Show full text]
  • And Rosmarinic Acid- Mediated Life Extension in C. Elegans
    Defining Quercetin-, Caffeic acid- and Rosmarinic acid- mediated life extension in C. elegans: Bioassays and expression analyses D i s s e r t a t i o n Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades d o c t o r r e r u m n a t u r a l i u m (Dr. rer. nat.) im Fach Biologie eingereicht an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin von Dipl. Biologin Kerstin Pietsch Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. Jan-Hendrik Olbertz Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I Prof. Dr. Andreas Herrmann Gutachter 1. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christian Steinberg 2. Dr. rer. nat. Stephen Stürzenbaum 3. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Rudolph Achazi Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 01.12.2011 „Damit das Mögliche entsteht, muss das Unmögliche immer wieder versucht werden.“ Hermann Hesse für meinen Sohn Dean Contents Contents Summary 5 Zusammenfassung 6 List of used Abbrevations 7 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Background 11 1.2 Phytochemicals in plant-based food 11 1.2.1 Polyphenols 12 1.3 The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans 15 1.3.1 C. elegans in aging research 17 1.4 Aging 19 1.4.1 Why do we age? - Selected aging theories 20 1.4.2 Modulation of lifespan: caloric restriction and hormesis 26 1.5 Goals of this study 30 2 Material and methods 34 2.1 Strains and culture conditions 34 2.2 Life table parameters and functional investigations 34 2.2.1 Lifespan assays 34 2.2.2 Reproduction 35 2.2.3 Growth alterations 35 2.2.4 Pharyngeal pumping rate 36 2.2.5 Stress resistance 36 2.2.6 Attraction assay 36 2.2.7 Bacterial growth assay 36 2.2.8 Fluorescence measurements 36 2.2.9 Total Antioxidative Capacity (TAC) 37 2.2.10 Data interpretation and statistical analysis 38 2.3 Molecularbiological experiments 38 2.3.1 Expression levels of heat shock protein genes (hsps) quanified by 38 reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) 2.3.2 DNA-microarray analyses 39 3 Results 41 3.1 Possible artifacts: antimicrobial properties and transgenerational effects 41 3.1.1 Q and RA diminish the bacterial growth of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Benzoyl Peroxide and Tea Tree Oil in Acne Compositions
    Science IP Order: 3550000 Client Reference: 3456-789 Benzoyl Peroxide and Tea Tree Oil in Acne Compositions Prepared for Dr. Jane Doe Imaginary Pharmaceuticals January 9, 2013 Science IP ® 2540 Olentangy River Road Columbus, Ohio 43202 Telephone: 866-360-0814 Fax: 614-447-5443 [email protected] CONFIDENTIAL Table of Contents Click (or Ctrl-click) page number to jump to a section Original Search Request 3 Science IP’s Understanding of the Request 3 Science IP Search Results 4 Research Summary 4 Discussion of Search Strategy 4 Detailed Results 5 Patent References 5 Non-Patent References 139 Science IP Search Documentation 149 Search Strategy 149 Sources Used 156 Primary Searcher: Sharilyn Woods Disclaimer Copyright©2013. American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved. Except for distribution to Customer’s immediate client, any distribution of this report in any form without prior written permission from ACS is prohibited. The information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Science IP, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), and American Chemical Society (ACS) disclaim all warranties as to accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information; and shall have no liability for errors, omissions or inadequacies in the information contained herein or the interpretation thereof. Science IP does not provide legal advice. For legal advice, please review with your legal counsel. Page 2 of 158 Science IP Order: 3550000 Client Reference: 3456-789 Original Search Request Conduct a search of the literature and patents for references to acne compositions containing benzoyl peroxide and tea tree oil. Remove the duplicates. Science IP’s Understanding of the Request Search the literature and patents for references containing benzoyl peroxide and tea tree oil in acne compositions.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Pharmacological Potential of Stem and Root of Callistemon Citrinus in STZ Induced Diabetes in Rats
    Research Article American Journal of Pharmacology Published: 08 Aug, 2020 Evaluation of Pharmacological Potential of Stem and Root of Callistemon citrinus in STZ Induced Diabetes in Rats Naveen Kumar, Poonam Singh, Govind Singh and Prabhakar Kumar Verma* Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, India Abstract The hydroethanolic extracts of stem and root of Callistemon citrinus were evaluated for their antidiabetic, analgesic and antihypertensive potentials in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats for 21 days. The effect of these extracts was also observed on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters (i.e. SOD level, GSH level, nitrite level, protein level) in STZ induced diabetes in rats after 21 days of treatment. In our in vitro studies results showed that hydroethanolic stem and root extract of Callistemon citrinus inhibit the alpha amylase enzyme in uncompetitive manner whereas inhibit alpha glucosidase enzyme in mixed manner. The results of in vivo studies showed that the hydroethanolic stem and root extract of callistemon citrinus at a dose of 400 mg/kg have antidiabetic and analgesic potential in STZ induced diabetes in rats. Also, there was increase in levels of protein, nitrite and glutathione; whereas there was decrease in SOD level as compared to that of STZ treated rats after 21 days of extract treatment. Keywords: Callistemon citrinus; Antidiabetic; Nitrite level; Streptozotocin Introduction Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder of pancreas, that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body does not utilize insulin efficiently produced by it. One of the major hormones that regulate blood sugar level in human body is insulin.
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Abstracts
    TERPNET 2013 2 TERPNET 2013 TERPNET 2013 11th International meeting Biosynthesis, Function and Biotechnology of Isoprenoids in Terrestrial and Marine Organisms A joint Meeting of TERPNET2013 Cost Action “Plant Engine” Cost Action “QualityFruit” “EU-SmartCell” June 1-5, 2013, Kolymvari, Crete, Greece Department of Pharmaceutical Science Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 3 TERPNET 2013 Contents TERPNET 2013 - Invitation and Introduction .......................................................................... 5 Terpnet Organization ................................................................................................................... 5 Local Organizing Committee .............................................................................................................. 7 Executive Committee of TERPNET ................................................................................................... 7 Financial support-Sponsors ......................................................................................................... 8 Program for TERPNET 2013 .............................................................................................................. 9 Abstracts and Oral presentations .............................................................................................. 29 List of Participants .................................................................................................................... 257 Index of Names .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Full List of All the Articles Published in Volumes 1-29 of Chemistry Review, Arranged by Issue
    Full list of all the articles published in Volumes 1-29 of Chemistry Review, arranged by issue Title of article Key topics covered Type of article Author Vol. No. Welcome to Chemistry Review Editorial John Garratt 1 1 How old is Pharaoh’s coffin? Mass spectrometry , archaeological remains, Robert Hedges 1 1 radioactive decay and half-lives, isotopic fractionation, radiocarbon Ultrasound in chemistry Sonochemistry, cavitation, homogeneous Timothy Mason 1 1 reactions Bonded! How paints stick to Paints, polymers, intermolecular forces, Tony Turner 1 1 surfaces adhesion, surface tension of liquids Bonding between molecules Covalent bonds Revision note Tony Turner 1 1 The structure of insulin Crystals, amino acids, models of insulin In pictures 1 1 The atomic spectrum of hydrogen Ionisation energy of a hydrogen atom, Answer back David Edwards 1 1 atomic spectrum of hydrogen Buckminsterfullerene, Model of Making and doing 1 1 Michael Faraday Michael Faraday Famous names 1 1 The structure of benzene X-ray crystallography, Kekulé How do we know? Richard Norman 1 1 Why is DNA helical? Molecule of DNA, sugar phosphate chain, Rod Hubbard and John Garratt 1 1 hydrogen bonding A new form of carbon to kick Buckminsterfullerene Make your own George Burton 1 1 around Unboiling an egg Ovalbumin Democritus replies 1 1 Joint Matriculation Board Atomic spectrum of hydrogen Answer back David Edwards 1 1 From the classroom to industry Industry Just chatting Miranda Mapletoft 1 1 and from industry to the classroom On being one's own rabbit Haldane Worth reading
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2015/002528 Al 8 January 2015 (08.01.2015) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2015/002528 Al 8 January 2015 (08.01.2015) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C12P 5/00 (2006.01) C12M 1/34 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (21) International Application Number: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, PCT/NL20 14/000020 DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, 4 July 2014 (04.07.2014) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (25) Filing Language: English OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (26) Publication Language: English SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, (30) Priority Data: ZW. EP 13003384.8 4 July 2013 (04.07.2013) EP (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (71) Applicant: ISOBIONICS B.V. [NL/NL]; Urmonderbaan kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 22, NL-6167 RD Geleen (NL). GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, (72) Inventors; and TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, (71) Applicants (for US only): JANSSEN, Antonius Cornells EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, Johannes Matheus; Urmonderbaan 22, NL 6167 RD MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, Geleen (NL).
    [Show full text]