Yearbook 07-08 1.Indb
85 Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 43 (2007–2008), pp. 85–114 Economy, Ethnicity and International Migration. The Comparison of Finland, Hungary and Russia1 ANNIKA FORSANDER, Ph.D., Director of immigration affairs City of Helsinki, Finland PERTTU SALMENHAARA, L.Soc.Sc., Ph.D. Student, University of Helsinki ATTILA MELEGH, Ph.D., Senior researcher Demographic Research Instititute, Hungarian Central Statistical Offi ce ELENA KONDRATEVA, Ph.D., Researcher, Siberian Center for Applied Research in Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences Abstract The focus of this paper is to compare present migration situation, history, economy and migration regulation in an European Union country (Finland), and, an EU accessing country (Hungary) and a major non - EU country (Russia). Our material and methods base on literature survey, policy analysis and analysis of the existing statistics and legislation. The results show that even in the era of globalisation that is often claimed to erode states’ regulatory power over the fl ows of capital and people, some regulatory power still exists. Instead of developing their policies in accordance with the largely self-regulating migration process, according to our data, the countries sought to regain political control through reproducing economic, ethnic and national hierarchies. Keywords: Hungary, Russia, Finland, international migration, social structure, the economy, embeddeddness, migration policy Introduction The focus of this paper is to compare present migration situation, history, economy and migration regulation in an European Union country (Finland), and, at the time of analy- sis, an EU accessing country (Hungary) and a major non - EU country (Russia). 1 This paper is a revised version of a working paper with the same title (Melegh et al, 2004).
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