One City Climate Strategy

A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 1 Foreword From the One City Environmental Sustainability Board

We are facing a climate In the One City Plan, Bristol This strategy sets the vision for where This strategy is a call to action. committed to becoming carbon we need to be in 2030 based on We call on you, as people who live, emergency. As a city neutral and climate resilient by 2030. sound science. We would like to thank work, visit and invest in Bristol, to join we need to act now to To achieve this, over the next decade, our colleagues on Bristol’s Advisory with us on this exciting decade of we need to radically rethink how we Committee on Climate Change for transformation. reduce direct and indirect live, work and invest in the city. their review and challenge of the We will engage widely to understand evidence for Bristol. carbon emissions to net We also need action regionally, how we can work together to achieve nationally and internationally. We recognise that achieving our vision the ambitions set out in this strategy. zero. We need to prepare will not be easy. There are entrenched However, this does not mean that any This provides an opportunity to take market and wider forces that will organisation or individual should wait and adapt to deal with a collaborative, inclusive and citywide support existing fossil-fuel dependent, for a plan to be shared. This strategy approach to make this a fair transition. the projected impacts of consumption-based systems. We gives the city a focus and direction and climate change. As Bristol’s Environmental will need to show strong leadership provides the framework within which Sustainability Board, we are proud to create opportunities for all to we can each take responsibility and to lead this transition for the city. participate in the benefits of change work together to transform the city. Representing a range of organisations, with its costs shared fairly. we have come together to set out our We have an exciting opportunity to shared vision in this strategy. address the challenge of climate Given Bristol’s strong history in change whilst also delivering new delivering climate action, we are homes, reducing inequalities, creating excited to work hand in hand across a city with more green spaces, places the city to continue to lead the way. for our children to play, cleaner air, We will move faster than the national jobs and opportunities for all. average, learning with other cities on Cities are complex places. We know our journey. that no single organisation, nor even the organisations that make up the Bristol’s One City Environmental Environmental Sustainability Board Sustainability Board, February 2020 can deliver the scale and pace of https://www.bristolonecity.com/ change we need alone. environment/the-environment-board/

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 2 Foreword From the One City Environmental Sustainability Board

This strategy is: This strategy is not: -- A strategy to set a shared vision for -- A delivery plan which details the Bristol in 2030. exact route for the city to 2030. -- Co-ordinated by Bristol’s One City Detailed delivery plans will be Environmental Sustainability Board, developed and consulted on. on behalf of the City Office and the -- Owned by any one organisation, One City Boards. such Bristol City Council. We will -- A strategy for the city that will need people from across the city to need the collaboration of multiple meet its goals. partners across the city to reach our -- Perfect. We are facing a climate city goals. emergency and we have -- Built on the currently available developed this strategy at a pace evidence base. There are gaps in commensurate with the challenge. understanding and more work will -- Static. As the world around us need to be undertaken over time. evolves in terms of knowledge, -- Integrated. It covers both direct and legislation and policy, technology indirect carbon emissions as well as and the market, we will adapt climate resilience. to take advantage of these opportunities.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 3 Executive summary

Bristol’s climate vision Bristol’s strategy is built on a strong Bristol’s climate strategy 3. Heat decarbonisation: “In 2030, Bristol is carbon neutral and evidence base; setting a clear pathway The action that is needed to achieve implementing a carbon neutral climate resilient. We have collectively to carbon neutrality for our direct our ambition is complex and multi- energy method for heating and hot achieved a fair and inclusive transition; emissions within Bristol. Our evidence faceted. water. This is one of the areas that helps us to start the journey for will be supported by City Leap Energy capturing the opportunities of new The strategy details ten key areas reducing our wider emissions and Partnership, a radical new approach jobs and investment, improved health, where climate action is needed to enhancing our resilience to future to delivering energy infrastructure in wellbeing and education, and a better achieve the vision for Bristol in 2030. climate change. The challenge is Bristol environment for local people. We Across each of these, we need action huge, and we recognise that this is have helped lead the way to a safer at every level. These are: 4. Electricity: make our electricity use global climate.” just the start. As our knowledge base as smart and flexible as possible (to 1. Transport: switching to significantly grows, and as the world around us support electricity decarbonisation Introduction and approach more walking, cycling and zero changes, we will adapt and evolve to nationally), maximise local renewable carbon public transport modes; Bristol’s Environmental Sustainability deliver the best outcomes for the city. energy generation and increase converting the remaining vehicles Board has come together to develop Taking action on climate change system resilience to zero carbon fuels; transforming a One City Climate Strategy. presents a great opportunity for freight, aviation and shipping 5. Consumption and waste: We are building on Bristol’s challenges Bristol; supporting our One City Plan responsible buying of goods and 2. Buildings: retrofitting and building and opportunities, including the ambition to become a fair, healthy services, alongside zero carbon from them to become carbon neutral and inequalities in the city, but also the and sustainable city. A city of hope waste management existing climate action and the and aspiration, where everyone can resilient to a changing climate, calling 6. Business and the economy: Bristol networks and knowledge in the city. share in its success. on central government to develop businesses move to be carbon neutral However, in this strategy we are a supportive planning framework to and climate resilient, capturing job describing a step change. deliver this opportunities for all through the We need urgent and transformative transition action in response to this complex, 7. Public, voluntary, community and critical global challenge. social enterprise services: carbon neutral public and VCSE services and supply chains that are also prepared for future climate conditions and hazards

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 4 Executive summary

8. Natural environment: restoring, protecting and 1. Transport enhancing these spaces and wildlife within them as the climate continues to change 9. Food: a resilient supply chain, with food and drink produced locally, sustainably and moving to a more plant- based diet 10. Infrastructure interdependencies 2. Buildings 10. Infrastructure interdependencies: collaboration in running vital services to the city such as water, transport, waste, ICT and energy to improve their climate resilience and embed carbon neutrality across different systems. Data 3. Heat Across all these key areas there will need to be the 9. Food decarbonisation skills, funding, national action and local leadership, data, Infrastructure Funding CO2 infrastructure and engagement to enable the action to happen. Radical system changes will be required across all of these areas, at every level. Engagement National action Delivery, monitoring and review 8. Natural 4. Electricity This strategy is for all of us to deliver, and nobody need environment wait for permission to take action. However, in recognition that we need co-ordinated action Skills in some areas to deliver the scale of change required, the 5. Consumption City Office and the Environmental Sustainability Board will 7. Public HOSPITAL take the lead in co-ordinating the development of delivery services & waste plans and a clear framework for monitoring and review. Work has already started, so we will hit the ground running. We will engage widely, and work with a wide range of organisations, community groups and individuals to transform Bristol. 6. Business & the economy

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 5 Contents

1. Vision and principles: The vision and principles that inform and guide our strategy. 2. Introduction and approach: Setting out our approach and evidence base. 3. Challenges and opportunities for Bristol: Setting out the context that this strategy will be delivered in; our city of passion and paradoxes. 4. Our climate strategy: An overview of the strategy’s structure. 4a. Enabling conditions for change: The radical system changes that we need to deliver our strategy. 4b. Delivery themes: The key areas where climate action is required in the city. 5. Monitoring and review: Our approach to monitoring and review of the strategy. 6. Delivery: Our initial approach to planning and implementation for this decade of transformation.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 6 1. Vision and principles

Bristol’s climate vision In 2030, Bristol is carbon neutral and climate resilient. We have collectively achieved a fair and inclusive transition; capturing the opportunities of new jobs and investment, improved health, wellbeing and education, and a better environment for local people. We have helped lead the way to a safer global climate. This vision is supported by a number of key principles:

Fair Collaborative Transformative Learning Evidence-based

Achieving a just transition We are all partners Bristol will be a global This strategy will evolve Our strategy will build is central to our strategy with rights and leader for rapid and radical as we deliver it, learning on robust evidence from and critical to it achieving responsibilities to deliver city action to address the as we go and sharing leading science and by successful outcomes. this strategy for Bristol, climate emergency, taking that learning within the harnessing collective This means maintaining working inclusively and the initiative to create city, building adaptive intelligence within the a democratic mandate, collaboratively within conditions for success and capacity, innovating and city to understand how ensuring there are the city, as well as across supporting others on their learning with other cities systems are performing. opportunities for all to boundaries. Good journey. We will embrace the and regions and adapting We recognise the global participate in the benefits communication will opportunities that come with as conditions change. goal for the world to of change with its costs be central to effective being a first-mover in the UK limit warming to 1.5oC, shared fairly. collaboration. and influence the national and acknowledge our and international agenda. responsibility to act.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 7 2. Introduction and approach

Global warming and climate change Global warming has already impacted In addition to the climate It is essential that we address both present us with an urgent challenge natural and human systems through emergency, we are also experiencing climate mitigation and adaptation we need to address. To solve this increased flooding, devastating unprecedented global change due together as an integrated response as challenge there is the opportunity to wildfires, storms, loss of biodiversity to land and sea use change, direct no single option is sufficient by itself. take a collaborative city-wide approach and extreme drought. exploitation of species, pollution and Integrated consideration of adaptation to make transformational change. Climate related risks to the invasive alien species. Human actions and mitigation will allow us to identify As the Environmental Sustainability environment, health, livelihoods, food threaten more species with global interdependencies, be more efficient Board we have developed this security, raw materials, water supply extinction than ever before with the and minimise risk. strategy with partners, based on and economic growth will rise, even sixth mass extinction already underway. The world is rapidly changing and robust evidence. if we manage to limit change to 1.5°C This strategy provides a way forward there is uncertainty over what the and will be felt differently in different for Bristol to respond to the climate future will look like. Climate change We are facing a climate regions. Populations most at risk are emergency. We explore opportunities is likely to impact the city directly and ecological emergency marginalised, disadvantaged and to maximise benefits to the ecological though local extreme weather events vulnerable. In Bristol, some of our emergency, but a full response will be and through changes further afield Human activities are estimated to most deprived wards will be the most developed separately. which may impact the city indirectly have caused 1°C of global warming vulnerable to the impacts of climate This is a climate strategy for Bristol to by impacting the economy and the above pre-industrial levels. We are change, including areas like Lawrence respond to both: supply of goods and services, such as already seeing devastating impacts Hill, where flood risk is also higher. food or public services. -- Mitigation: the causes of climate of 1°C warming; this is expected We urgently need to transform change e.g. reducing greenhouse We need to plan for, adapt and build to get worse. The science on the our resilience for projected future We are facing twin emergencies: a gas emissions and improving climate emergency is clear; we need risk in a way that provides wider co- climate emergency and an ecological carbon sinks; and urgent action to reduce our carbon benefits so that, no matter what the emergency. -- Adaptation: addressing the emissions to limit global temperature future looks like, our city will be better o potential impacts of climate change rise to below 1.5 C, and so prevent for our citizens. This plan is for 2030 e.g. actions to adapt to floods, disastrous impacts. We also need to when we aim to have the plans and storms or heatwaves and ongoing prepare for a changing climate. mitigation in place or in progress to stresses such as sea level rise and make us resilient for events that will increasing urban heat. occur in 2030 and well beyond.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 8 2. Introduction and approach

Taking this integrated approach will This will require us, as the enable our climate action to support Environmental Sustainability Board, Bristol’s wider goal, set out in the One to work closely with the Housing City Plan, of becoming a fair, healthy Board, the Health and Wellbeing and sustainable city. A city of hope Board, the Learning and Skills and aspiration, where everyone can Board, the Economy Board and the share in its success. Transport Board, as well as with a An integrated approach to delivering wide range of others across the city. our One City Climate Strategy will We are committed to doing this, as enable us to achieve so much more for we recognise the opportunity that Bristol than simply achieving carbon tackling the climate emergency brings neutrality and climate resilience. to tackle many more challenges in the city. It will also require others to step Working together as a city, we up and take action across the city. can achieve a future that delivers improvements in public health, reduced costs for public services, improved air quality, reduced congestion, reduced inequalities and reduced poverty, increases in job and economic opportunities across society, greater community engagement, improved biodiversity alongside wider environmental benefits such as soil and water quality, and more.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 9 2. Introduction and approach

Developing this strategy All of the underpinning evidence We will continue to have an open towards our vision. Businesses, Bristol’s One City Approach brings to inform this strategy has been dialogue and engage with individuals, organisations, communities and together a wide range of public, developed with advice and challenge households, organisations and individuals will need to work hand in private, and third sector partners from the Bristol Advisory Committee businesses over the coming decade. hand to deliver a step change in terms within Bristol. on Climate Change. This evidence This strategy sets the direction of of scale and pace of action. is explained in more detail in the As part of this approach, six boards travel for Bristol as a city. A number remainder of this section. have been set up to provide leadership of detailed delivery plans will be on key themes. As the Environmental We recognise that evidence is developed and work has already Sustainability Board, we have led not fixed. As this evidence base started on these. the development of this strategy, evolves and we gain new learning, As we explore in section 3, we are not engaging with all of the other five we will use this knowledge to starting from scratch, there is wealth boards, recognising the cross-cutting overcome challenges and respond of activity in the city that is already nature of the challenge we face. to new opportunities that arise as underway to support the journey we implement this strategy together.

We have engaged One City Boards and One City Approach with over 300 people Environmental Sustainability Board in the development Bristol’s Advisory of this strategy. Committee on Climate strategy Delivery plans Climate action Climate Change

Underpinned by evidence and engagement

In place In progress Still to be developed

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 10 2. Introduction and approach

Engagement The evidence base 3. Household consumption The climate mitigation evidence base emissions study. This was a study, is made up of four reports. Studies 1-3 Initial engagement has already To develop the One City Climate based on expenditure, of direct work to establish a baseline of current commenced. This is a One City Strategy, we commissioned (in city) and indirect (out of city) emissions in Bristol. This includes Climate Strategy; its development has evidence-based reports on reducing emissions associated with the the direct emissions from energy, been steered by the Environmental greenhouse gas emissions and production of goods and services transport and waste in the city (scope Sustainability Board, with input from on improving our resilience to the consumed within households in 1 and 2) and consumption-based each of the other five One City impacts of a changing climate. Boards, supported by the Bristol Bristol. emissions from the supply of goods The five studies that inform this Advisory Committee on Climate 4. Net zero by 2030 scope 1 and 2 and services from the wider world, strategy are: Change. study. This study provides a detailed such as food, clothing, electronics 1. A scope 1 and 2 baseline and and surface and air travel (scope 3). The strategy has also been influenced look at emissions from Bristol’s gap analysis. This sets out the by engagement with businesses, use of energy, transport and waste Building on the baseline in study 1, baseline, historic trends, as well as organisations, charities and people management in the city and actions study 4 analyses the scale and nature the trajectory from actions that are from across the city. needed to get to net zero by 2030. of changes needed in the city to reach already planned or in place and the net zero scope 1 and 2 emissions by This has comprised both 1-1 dialogue, 5. Preliminary climate resilience trajectory to meet the UK national 2030. It details the conditions required and two major workshops for study. This comprised a high- net zero target by 2050. to secure those changes, and outlines approximately 300 people. level analysis of the city’s hazard 2. Total business emissions study. exposure along with addressing the actions likely to be required to The strategy will be delivered by This was an assessment of scope 1, vulnerability of the city’s key create these conditions. organisations, communities and 2 and 3 emissions associated with physical, social and economic Studies 3 and 4 highlight the scale of individuals working together. The business activities in Bristol. It is assets to physical climate risk. the challenge for Bristol achieve carbon engagement and collaboration based on the UK total scaled down neutrality. We will need economies is just the start of what is needed. according to Gross Value Added of all over the world to decarbonise at We will continue to have an open industry sectors in Bristol. the same speed as we reduce our dialogue and engage with individuals, own direct emissions in Bristol. This households, organisations and will be challenging, but we can use businesses over the coming decade. our buying power to effect change, and demonstrate what is possible by reducing our own emissions.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 11 2. Introduction and approach

This evidence is described in more The Committee understands that detail in the sections that follow. decarbonisation and adapting to The findings of this evidence base climate change will not be easy, and have fed into this One City Climate welcomes this important first step. Strategy. The evidence base has been In line with the requirements of a reviewed by the independent Bristol climate emergency, these reports Advisory Committee on Climate have been developed rapidly and with Change (BACCC), who note: limited resources, with the intention of catalysing urgent action. As such “The BACCC welcomes the it provides a good evidence base development of a One City Climate from which to get started, whilst Strategy, which sets out an ambitious recognising that in some areas more plan to try to achieve the goal of evidence is needed, and this should Bristol being carbon neutral and be brought in to decision-making as it climate resilient by 2030. becomes available. The focus should now shift to developing the urgent next steps that are needed in areas like transport and heating. The BACCC looks forward to continuing to work with local government and city partners and to advise on the development of the evidence base and delivery plans in order to help the city achieve its climate change ambitions.”

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 12 2. Introduction and approach

Greenhouse gas emissions 1. A scope 1 and 2 baseline and 2. Total business emissions study 3. Household consumption baseline gap analysis and 4. Net zero by In a study of business related emissions study The evidence base provided in studies 2030 scope 1 and 2 study emissions in Bristol, scope 1, 2 This study established that in 2016, 1-3 provide a baseline assessment of According to this study, direct energy and 3 emissions in 2016 totalled the household consumption of greenhouse gas emissions for Bristol. use, transport and waste management ~5,000ktCO2e. The study identified goods and services by citizens of Each of the three studies overlaps with emissions in the city totalled that approximately half of all Bristol Bristol resulted in approximately one another to provide a picture of ~1,600ktCO2e in 2017. This baseline business related emissions originate 4,000ktCO2e of greenhouse gas Bristol’s emissions in full. A high-level does not include the value chain in supply chain activities. As such, in emissions. This study takes into summary of the results from each emissions of these activities and does order to reach the carbon neutral account the supply chain emissions of study is given below. not cover land use, agriculture, and 2030 target, we would need all goods and services consumed as forestry, which are defined as scope economies all over the world to well as any direct emissions associated 1 emissions sources Greenhouse Gas decarbonise at the same speed as we with their consumption. The Protocol for Cities. reduce our own direct emissions in methodology followed is aligned with The study identifies that the evaluated Bristol. This will be challenging, but the assessment of business emissions. direct emissions have decreased by significant attention must be paid to Of this footprint, energy consumption, 36% since 2005. However, to reach reducing the value chain emissions of personal vehicle use, and the the city’s target of a carbon neutral economic activity in the city. production of food and drink 2030, the rate of reduction will need Production (predominantly generation account for the highest proportion to be 1.6 times that of the previously of energy), manufacturing, distribution of emissions at 27%, 20% and 14% observed rate. and the provision of public services respectively. account for 82% of Bristol’s business and economy footprint. Service based sectors such as finance, real estate and consultancy account for much smaller proportions of the city’s business emissions. Public services account for 14% of emissions, providing a great opportunity for public sector leadership.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 13 2. Introduction and approach

5. Preliminary climate resilience Climate hazards Temple Meads station), causing Summer maximum assessment The future climate is not certain, and impacts to livelihoods, disruptions to temperature is projected our daily lives and a risk to life. These In the preliminary climate resilience we should be planning for a range of to increase by over assessment, an evidence base was different emissions scenarios. Whilst impacts will get progressively worse gathered on physical climate risk, this is a strategy setting a pathway to +9°C to 2080. based on an initial understanding of: 2030, we recognise the need to look By 2080, summer precipitation Whilst we know less about the spatial further into the future to consider the -- Climate hazard exposure, and how rate in Bristol is projected to distribution of extreme heat and potential climate hazards we face if decrease by up to this is projected to change in the drought, we know that the physical we don’t take action now. Looking out coming decades on the basis of the 68% impacts can be serious. to 2080, when today’s school children best climate science; will be reaching retirement, we can The potential impacts to our people There is projected to be a reduction -- The sensitivity of the physical, set ourselves on course for a more and public services are wide ranging. in likelihood of other hazards, such social, environmental and resilient future. Most infrastructure We can learn and adapt from events as extreme cold. However, we need economic systems in Bristol to lasts for decades, if not hundreds of such as the 2003 heatwave in Europe, to make sure we are still prepared for these hazards; and years, so investment decisions made where hundreds died. them. -- Adaptive capacity, which is the in 2030, will still be being felt in 2080. Our food system is at risk of shortages ability of systems, organisations or Physical, social and economic Under a high emissions scenario, by of supply and increased costs, people to adjust to events, respond impacts of extreme weather 2080, Bristol could expect to see: particularly given the global nature of to consequences or take advantage The climate hazards identified here the supply chain. of opportunities. Sea level on Bristol’s could have very serious impacts for Our wider economic supply chain Climate change is a complex coastline is projected the people of Bristol. is also at risk, with clothes and to increase by up to challenge. We recognise the Of each of the climate hazards, we electronic equipment, being the other interconnected and global nature +72cm understand the spatial distribution areas particularly at risk. of the world, which exposes Bristol of flooding best, and therefore the This evidence base is part of the to potentially catastrophic climate Winter precipitation potential physical impacts are clearer. foundations of this climate strategy. risks arising well beyond the city’s rate is projected to boundary. This evidence base was increase by up to We know that there are risks to mainly focused on the projected local 48% homes, businesses, schools, impacts within our city boundaries. community assets, and critical infrastructure (including, for example

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 14 3. Challenges and opportunities for Bristol

Introduction Our city Housing affordability and provision Bristol’s leading ambition Bristol is a city of paradoxes. It is Bristol is a place where an increasing remains a challenge for Bristol. In order for the world to achieve a city leading in many areas of number of people want to live, work This has been seen through rising our climate targets there is need for climate action, but not everyone is and study. Bristol’s population is homelessness and a lack of public frontrunners in climate action. Bristol is yet engaged. Bristol was the first UK increasing at a higher rate than other resources to address deprivation. excited to be pioneering the response city to develop a climate strategy similar UK cities with its wealth of Alongside the delivery of new to this challenge. homes for Bristol is a need for these in 2004, and since then the city culture, creativity and easy access to The UK has set in law the need to homes to be part of thriving and safe has been a leader in the UK and other places appealing to many. transition to carbon neutrality by 2050. communities. Europe delivering on progressively Bristol is a truly global city; home to a In order to achieve this, parts of the more ambitious targets. As the first mix of cultures and ideas, with at least Transport remains an area of country will need to lead the way, European Green Capital in 2015 and 91 different languages spoken. concern, with 77% of people in Bristol enabling time for other places to learn the UK’s first council to declare a concerned about congestion and air Bristol is the only one of ten major and evolve. Bristol is well-placed to climate emergency in 2018, Bristol quality. However, 57,000 people walk cities outside London to be a net lead. is a leading voice in the response to or cycle to work, and the number contributor to the UK treasury. climate change. of people cycling to work in Bristol However, Bristol remains a city of increased by 64% between 2011 People of Bristol are increasingly contrasts; some of the most affluent (15,800) and 2018 (25,900). concerned about climate change areas border some of the most (88% reported being concerned or deprived. Economic success has also In 2018, the Low Carbon very concerned in 2019, a continuing created problems such as transport Environmental Goods and Services upward trend). congestion, environmental pollution sector supported about 14,000 and increasing house prices. Contrasts employee jobs in Bristol and about are seen in levels of fuel poverty, 37,000 in the West of England. with an estimated 20,709 fuel poor We are seeing increases in action at a households in Bristol, 10.8% of all personal level as a result of concern households. about climate change. People are reducing waste (69%), reducing energy use (57%) and flying less (25%).

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 15 3. Challenges and opportunities for Bristol

Bristol City Council (BCC), supported Bristol recognises, and is proud 3000 Heat - 29% by political leadership from all parties, to play our role in minimising, the Power (not incl Evs or heat) - 58% was the first UK local authority to impact of climate change on the Waste (estimated) Transport - 9% declare a climate emergency for most marginalised and vulnerable 2500 the city on 13th November 2018. communities in Bristol and globally. A number of institutions in the city We will do this through emissions have followed, including (but not reductions, minimising the impacts 2000 limited to) the University of Bristol, the of climate change and supporting Diocese of Bristol, North Bristol NHS and providing security to those most

Trust and University Hospitals Bristol affected. 1500 NHS Foundation, We the Curious, Building on our success ktC02 the University of the West of England, the Watershed, Bristol Old Vic and We’ve already started on a journey to 1000 Colston Hall. reduce emissions; since 2005, carbon emissions from energy, waste and The 2020 One City Plan sets out transport in the city have decreased an ambitious goal of making Bristol by 36%. 500 carbon neutral and climate resilient by 2030. This is set in the wider context of our wider objectives, leading us to 0 an ambition for a fair and inclusive 2005 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 transition that does not marginalise disadvantaged communities or leave Bristol’s direct emissions between 2005 and 2017 people behind.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 16 3. Challenges and opportunities for Bristol

History of climate action in Bristol Knowledge and capacity Past action and future Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems Bristol is an exciting and creative city Bristol has one of the largest commitments (SuDS) schemes have been delivered with a range of organisations and environmental networks of its kind A wide range of renewable energy to reduce local flood risk, such as individuals working towards improving - Bristol Green Capital Partnership - projects have been delivered since in Embleton Road in Southmead. our resilience and supporting carbon capturing over 900 organisations from 2005. For example, Bristol City Similarly, Bristol City Council’s gully reduction. across sectors. The Bristol Natural Council has installed over 8MW solar maintenance programme has delivered significant benefits. It is therefore impossible to summarise History Consortium (BNHC) reflects and 8MW wind and Bristol Energy the breadth and depth of this activity the fact that the BBC’s natural history Co-operative has installed over 9MW A range of collaborative research and succinctly. We have undoubtedly left unit is in Bristol. Indeed, we have a solar. Heat networks have been development projects have been exciting and important organisations long history of organisations based in installed in Bristol City Centre. delivered, such as REPLICATE, SoLa and initiatives out of this summary. the city with clear remits to improve Since declaring climate emergencies Bristol, and 3EHouses, providing an our environment, such as Sustrans, understanding of the potential for new It will be important that we capitalise through 2018/2019, we’ve seen the Soil Association, the Environment approaches to be adopted. on this commitment and diversity, and organisations building on the range Agency headquarters and the Centre continue to enable activity to flourish. of actions they already had underway. A range of community engagement for Sustainable Energy. One of the most visible has been projects have been delivered, from We have a thriving Low Carbon We The Curious science museum’s Green and Black Ambassadors, Healthy Environmental Goods and Services commitment to no longer having Planet Bristol, Community Places of sector, and a wider business sector an outdoor ice rink over the winter Safety and many more. engaged in tackling climate change. season. One of the most significant future We have two leading universities, We’ve seen miles of cycle committed actions is the development leading in many areas of research and infrastructure built and improved, of Bristol City Leap Energy Partnership. education to support climate action. we’ve seen bus patronage go up Bristol City Council is seeking one or significantly. From a low base in 2011, more Joint Venture partners for a radical Bristol is now in the top ten cities for new approach to delivering energy bus use in the UK. infrastructure in the city. We expect this to deliver significant investment for Bristol over the coming decade.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 17 3. Challenges and opportunities for Bristol

2018 – Bristol City Council first to declare a climate emergency

2018 – Bristol launches 2008 – Bristol City search for a City Leap Strong legacy of Council sets target to partner organisations, reduce city’s emissions 2010 – Bristol Energy action and by 40% by 2020, and Network forms to 2014 – Greater 2018 – University of Bristol knowledge in campaigns for the support grassroots Bristol Bus Network announces fossil fuel Bristol Climate Change Act energy activity established divestment

2005 2010 2015 2020

2007 – Bristol Green 2009 – GENeco 2011 – Bristol 2013 – 2015 – Bristol 2016 – Bristol 2019 – First Capital Partnership established to becomes UK’s Avonmouth becomes UK’s awarded silver commercial heat forms treat sewage and first Cycling City Wind Turbines first European status as a network connection food waste in energised Green Capital Sustainable the city Food City 2019 –Avonmouth 2015 – Bristol and Severnside Energy and flood defence Bristol Waste scheme approved formed 2019 – Metrobus launched

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 18 4. Our climate strategy

Introducing the strategy 1. Transport Our climate strategy has been developed with our vision and principles informing and guiding all of our activity. We have set out ten delivery themes for Bristol to deliver our vision (shown around the outside of the graphic). 10. Infrastructure These represent our collective commitment to capture the interdependencies 2. Buildings opportunity and respond to the challenge of reaching our ambition to be carbon neutral and climate resilient by 2030.

The strategy sets out our goals for 2030 in each of these Data themes. These are supported by 2030 objectives. 3. Heat 9. Food The scale of change required to achieve our vision is not to decarbonisation be underestimated. Some fundamental system changes will Infrastructure Funding CO2 be required, within Bristol and beyond, in order to enable delivery of our plan. We’ve described these as “enabling conditions for change”; cross-cutting changes that will be Engagement National action required (shown on the inside of the graphic). 8. Natural 4. Electricity Moving to action environment Time is short, our 2030 deadline means that we need careful planning to get us much right the first time as possible. This Skills strategy is design to enable us to do that. Having a shared 7. Public 5. Consumption vision for the city, means that we can all be working towards HOSPITAL & waste the same goals. As the Environmental Sustainability Board, services we can work to reinforce mechanisms to enable change, and unblock some of the major barriers to change. However, the pace and scale of change required also means that we need action by others to continue and scale up. We 6. Business & pledge not get in the way of that. the economy

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 19 4a. Enabling conditions for change

The pace and scale of change for us to deliver our vision by 2030 requires fundamental and radical changes to the way that we currently work as a city. We know that there are some cross- cutting changes that will be required for us Data to deliver across each of the ten delivery themes. Six enabling conditions for change have been identified that will support us to achieve our delivery themes. Infrastructure Funding

Engagement National action

Skills

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 20 Enabling conditions for change Engagement, culture and inclusion

Why What Next steps -- City engagement on how climate The people of Bristol are concerned We will all (people who live, work -- In order to support and enable change is affecting Bristol now and about climate change, in fact the and play in the city) be involved in further citizen action, development what a future emission scenarios majority are very concerned. This is city planning, decision making and of a communication and would actually look like. Using this why this strategy has been developed. delivery of climate action. We know engagement plan with buy-in from to explore steps to take to reduce carbon emissions and adapt to Many people are already taking action that different people and community all delivery partners, to include climate change to build community as individuals and communities, and groups have different needs which effective participation mechanisms. resilience. they support changes to the city need to be heard and addressed. -- The development of delivery plans which would help them to reduce We will engage to develop a shared to ensure that the perspectives of -- Working with all partners who have carbon emissions, such as better understanding and language on what a range of equalities groups are declared, or want to declare, a public transport. However, this climate change means for the city and incorporated (in line with protected climate emergency or made public strategy demonstrates the scale, pace a shared commitment to the climate characteristics described in the climate change commitments to and breadth of change needed. action that we need to take. Equalities Act). We will also develop support them to develop delivery plans. To enable this change, we need all We need an improved citywide approaches to engage with harder our citizens and communities to understanding of carbon emission to reach communities, this could create, shape and be part of the city reduction targets and the potential be through culture, music, dance transformation. Citizens should be hazards that can impact citizens and sport. connected, feel empowered and able at a personal, neighbourhood and to influence the future of the city, community level to support everyone so that all individuals have the tools, to be an active part of this transition. capacity and the opportunity to thrive. Community climate action is a key To deliver a fair transition, we need to part of this transformation and all make sure that unintended negative citizens have the opportunity to make consequences are quickly identified this happen. and minimised or avoided entirely so that change is accessible and possible for all.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 21 Enabling conditions for change Funding and finance

Why What -- Growing the ability to raise local Expenditure in carbon reduction can To achieve the transformational We need investment to deliver action. investment through charging levies, often deliver direct savings. We need change set out in this strategy, we will It is crucial that we think about more business rates etc; to take advantage of identifying and need long-term financial resources. innovative and collaborative ways to -- Addressing high risk shortfalls in re-investing money saved. We need to build carbon neutral finance climate action. This will be capital and revenue budgets which We also need to be financially energy, transport and waste systems made possible through: could undermine our resilience, and; resilient, this includes being able to and to make the city resilient to the -- Government, at all levels, -- Incentivising action through provide suitable investment to be able impacts of climate change. It has redirecting and increasing long- procurement and supply chains. to bounce back after major events, been estimated that carbon neutral and provide emergency services with term investment to support Local government needs support to heating systems for the city will initiatives such as sustainable the resources to support this. require £3 billion over the decade and plan for the long-term, with certain transport. Ensuring that decision- long-term finance, rather than the Next steps substantial investment will be needed making processes and the length in sustainable transport. Some of this yearly bidding cycles to central -- In establishing City Leap Energy of budgetary cycles support government. Partnership, Bristol City Council investment is already being made but investment needed; we need to increase the scale and The decisions individuals make will will form an ambitious joint venture -- Private sector, investment funding, pace, and redirect existing finance to also have an impact on investment. partnership to bring investment to new business models and public carbon neutral and climate resilient Citizens’ personal expenditure, and help transform the city’s energy private partnerships, including the projects. the choices they make about what system. City Leap Energy Partnership; We need to use our purchasing they buy and invest in can help to -- Quantification of the cost and -- Embedding carbon neutral and power and investment activity as a drive change. benefits of preparing for climate resilient infrastructure planning city, recognising that over 50% of Investment assessment mechanisms hazards and the carbon neutral in investment, operational and our emissions come through supply need to have a firm policy basis to economy in Bristol to support the regulatory cycles and decision- chains outside the city. We have the support new approaches. This will need economic viability and stimulate making. This will include working ability to support other places in to include new accounting approaches investment for climate adaptation with regulators to change undergoing a similar transformation to to clearly value wider benefits, such and climate mitigation interventions. regulatory frameworks; that planned in Bristol. as carbon reduction and climate -- Consideration of opportunities for -- New financing approaches such as resilience, rather than just taking a an investment or trading platform to Green Bonds, crowdsourcing and traditional cost-benefit approach. lever investment into climate action more; for community groups.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 22 Enabling conditions for change National and regional action and city leadership

Why What To achieve a just transition and Next steps To have rapid and radical We need long-term commitment make change affordable for all we -- Joint articulation with central transformational action we will need from local, national and regional will need systemic market changes. Government on the role they have to reshape governance systems government to support, fund and This will require the city to lobby to play in enabling conditions and distribute powers appropriately. accelerate the delivery of our goals. central government to address for change, taking advantage of Current UK legislation and policy The city will also need further market failures, barriers to change established city networks. and initiate a market shift in favour will not enable Bristol to become a devolved powers to implement new -- Working to influence the national of climate mitigation and adaptation carbon neutral and climate resilient polices and plans. To support this planning system to reflect the scale interventions. city. We need to work with the UK local government will need longer- of change required. government to help them create the term central funding to allow the city Regulators and regulatory frameworks -- Working with other cities ahead of right laws and policies and to devolve invest and plan for the long-term, will need to support positive change the UN climate talks in Glasgow powers and freedoms to the regional looking to 2030 and beyond. We will and restrict further action that works November 2020 around planning, and city level. continue to work with other major against the climate vision through regulation, legislation and devolved cities and other partners to make the updated guidance and requirements We will need to build on existing power to support climate action. effective local, regional and national case for change. from the bodies they regulate. -- Playing a part in reviewing laws, regulations, policies and We need to have supportive urban We will continue our collaborative regulation, to ensure that regulation plans. We will also need to engage planning frameworks, to encourage approach to city leadership, using our can be designed to use as a tool to stakeholders and connect decision- and prioritise development our convening power as the One City enable an intelligent response to makers with citizens, business owners climate goals and embed climate Environmental Sustainability Board to the climate emergency. and third sector representatives to mitigation and adaptation as a central encourage other stakeholders to join make change happen. part of design. with us on this journey. -- Engagement with the national climate citizens assembly.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 23 Enabling conditions for change Skills and capacity

Why In particular, we recognise that the What -- Integration of training and Bristol is a Learning City, and climate skills and capacity in the construction We need the right skills and resources requirements for carbon neutral and challenge creates both a need and industry to deliver the scale and pace through strong networks of training climate resilient related knowledge opportunity for learning, in work or in change needs a dramatic overhaul. and skills sharing. We will also need to and skills into Further Education, life more generally. We want everyone We need to make sure we have the enable effective ways of connecting apprenticeships and job roles across to be able to be part of delivering the skills and capacity within the city our newly skilled workforce with those all ten delivery themes. vision and ensure that we make a fair to implement and maintain these with a demand for skills. -- Identification, incentivisation and solutions. This will support the uptake transition away from fossil fuels. We need to make sure we take delivery of skills development of these solutions, and also support We have estimated that replacing advantage of new innovation and skills training programmes to achieve our our local economy and businesses. fossil fuels directly consumed in the and share these with wider networks, delivery theme goals. city alone will require 7,500-10,000 We recognise that many of the both within the city and beyond, to -- Engagement with citizens so that full time workers for 10 years. This skills and knowledge lie within enable transfer of our learning. everyone has the skills and capacity communities seldom heard within creates a great opportunity to increase In particular, we will need to work to know what to do in an extreme the environmental sector and employment and replace jobs that are with the Learning and Skills Board weather events. This may include a we will need to share knowledge no longer needed. to convene the Further Education wider understanding of flood risk, across the city. For example, some Alongside specific skills we need providers in the city, who are likely to knowing the nearest community ethnic minority communities have a to support everyone to be able to deliver much of the training required place of safety or preparing a family number of environmentally sensitive make choices which reduce carbon in the construction sector. emergency plan. practices, which those communities emissions or increase climate -- Review of the success of the carbon do not badge as “green“, but which Next steps resilience. We also need to transform literacy training programme being could be more widely shared as part the way in which all of our decisions -- Development of a skills and training trialled for officers within Bristol City of existing knowledge, language and are made, empowering everyone with delivery plan for the climate Council and consider wider roll-out other skills transfer. the skills, knowledge and capacity. strategy. in other organisations. -- Adult learning and updated national curriculum to improve education on climate change, hazards and carbon emissions.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 24 Enabling conditions for change Data and knowledge

Why What For others, for example on climate -- Creation of an accessible Climate We need more information and Robust, shared and organised data impacts and resilience, we need to Atlas tool which allows users to evidence to develop our city delivery which can be used across the city’s develop our understanding so that investigate vulnerability to climate plans to ensure that we invest in the organisations to enable a shared we can plan actions more effectively, risks using a combination of climate most effective actions to achieve understanding and a shared evidence build the business case for investment hazard information, maps of city carbon neutrality and climate base. and monitor our progress. assets and socio-economic data. resilience. Ensuring that we build on We also want to be able to share Next steps -- An impact assessment on the supply chains of businesses and develop current knowledge will this knowledge and data, where We need to make sure we have the in Bristol to develop further support the city’s integrated long-term appropriate, with other cities to share right data and information to support understanding of consumption- planning. our understanding and learning from the decisions that will support action: Without good data we cannot be both successes and opportunities based emissions and climate -- Development of further knowledge change hazards. sure we are focusing on the key for improvement. We will look to on how extreme heat, drought, -- Creation of a One City Climate Data issues and it is difficult to measure work with partners both in the city storm and rainfall changes could Store on an open data website and our progress. Therefore we need to and beyond to use the best global impact the city and city assets in encourage partners to share data. establish baselines and set targets to expertise to help meet our goals. the future and a management plan allow monitoring and evaluation to Given the urgency of the challenge, to deal with this risk. We also need -- Identification of the appropriate take place. we need to work with our current to know more about the impacts tools to capture, monitor and report We need to have a shared data and evidence, but then adapt our of cumulative or sequential events the impacts of climate change. understanding of the challenge we approach as we learn more. where we may have limited periods -- Supporting smarter energy use are facing, and data is not always For some delivery themes we have of time between events to recover across Bristol based on better available across partners and citizens. good data and knowledge about the and adapt. access to, and analysis of, real- In order to achieve our objectives, challenge and the actions which are -- Citywide climate scenarios that are time data on energy demand we also need to encourage climate needed (for example how we heat our used by all in future planning, which and generation and the status of action elsewhere in the world; sharing homes and the low carbon options use the most up to date climate different energy assets in the city and learning from other cities is available). projections to support this. and more widely. therefore vital. -- Further work to inform the evidence base concerning scope 3 emissions.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 25 Enabling conditions for change Infrastructure

Why What We will need to build new Next steps To enable the delivery of this strategy, Infrastructure can be described infrastructure to protect the city -- Engagement with Western Power we need to deliver significant new as the basic systems and services from flooding. This will include grey Distribution and Ofgem ahead of infrastructure across the city and needed for society to operate. As an infrastructure, such as flood walls, but the next price control period to beyond. We also need to manage and enabling theme, we are considering a we also need to take opportunities develop a clear plan for investing in maintain our existing infrastructure, similar definition to that taken by the where natural solutions could be upgrades required to the electricity using best practice asset management national infrastructure commission implemented to support flood distribution grid. protection while providing urban to support our transformational (covering energy, transport, water, -- Implementation of the Avonmouth cooling, environmental and health change. waste, flood risk management, and and Severnside flood defence and wellbeing benefits. Whilst we need to continue to communications infrastructure). project. We will need to protect and use undertake key maintenance, such as We will need new specific -- Development and implementation our ICT and communications BCC’s gully cleaning programme to infrastructure, in terms of heat, of a city centre flood mitigation infrastructure to enable the use of support flood protection, we still need electricity and transport, to meet strategy. to do more. The way we live and use our goals. For example, as we move smart technologies and to share data -- Development of a citywide plan resources will need to change and our towards electrified heat and transport across the city. for electric vehicle charging and weather is projected to significantly systems, we will need significant We will also need to maintain and hydrogen refuelling infrastructure change. Our infrastructure will need upgrades to our electricity distribution update the infrastructure which is and engage with the market. to enable and facilitate changes to all systems. We will need to engage with supported, designed and invested in, of the delivery themes identified whilst Western Power Distribution and with and focus on ways to provide multiple remaining resilient to changes in our Ofgem to enable this to happen. wider benefits. climate and more extreme weather We will need significant new events. walking, cycling and public transport infrastructure, as well as charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, or other zero carbon fules

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 26 4b. Delivery themes

The pages that follow set out our ten Building on the enabling conditions 1. Transport delivery themes; the key areas where for change, the our journey to 2030 climate action is required in the city. section sets out what our journey to Under each delivery theme, we have make this happen might look like. This is based on the evidence we have in 10. Infrastructure set out: 2. Buildings 2020, and we recognise that this will interdependencies -- The challenge: We highlight the need to be flexible and will evolve as scale of the challenge, relating this our evidence base improves. back to our evidence base; We recognise that this journey will -- Our strategy: An introduction to our 3. Heat not be easy. We have therefore 9. Food decarbonisation proposals as they have emerged highlighted the key challenges that CO2 from our evidence base; we will need to overcome in order to -- A goal or goals for Bristol in deliver a fair transition in line with our 2030, which sets out what Bristol principles. 8. Natural could look like in 2030 with 4. Electricity We also know that if we get this environment transformational climate action journey right, there are significant implemented; opportunities to achieve multiple -- Objectives for 2030, which benefits for our citizens and our city. 5. Consumption describe key outputs that will be 7. Public HOSPITAL This evidence and framing will & waste needed to achieve these goals. services be critical as we move towards These goals and objectives set out developing delivery plans. the fundamental changes we want to achieve as a city. They form the backbone of our strategy. 6. Business & the economy

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 27 Delivery theme 1 Transport CO2

The challenge economy’s footprint, both within the Our strategy within the city our analysis shows we The transport challengeHOSPITAL refers to all city and beyond. So how we organise We know that we will significantly need to firstly reduce the amount movements of goods and people transport within the city, where we enhance benefits for the city through of vehicles on the roads, with more within Bristol. By its nature, transport source goods from, and how we a blend of measures to achieve and people using buses, walking and is a cross-boundary issue and as such work with others to organise transport deliver the carbon neutral strategy cycling instead of private cars. This a solution for Bristol will affect, and to and from the city are all critical in for Bristol, minimising cost, and would positively impact peoples’ be affected by, actors, organisations reducing our carbon emissions. maximising positive outcomes, health due to reduced air pollution and infrastructure outside Bristol’s We also know that our transport including health, well-being and and an increase in exercise, as well as administrative boundary. Transport system is vulnerable to future climate social usefulness for people and for improved transport systems benefiting accounts for 34% of the average change; with some major nodes, businesses. Ensuring our transport lower income households. We also Bristol resident’s carbon footprint. such as Temple Meads, at risk from system is climate resilient will enable need to phase out petrol and diesel Driving is the largest single element future flood events, and the potential our citizens to have usable and powered vehicles, converting to - approximately 17% from the use of impacts of high temperatures, through efficient access across the city, and electric for most vehicles and biogas diesel or petrol cars and 2% from the melting tarmac, or contorted railway outside with city, no matter what the or hydrogen for some larger vehicles making of the car. Other transport tracks. We know the devasting impact city’s future climate looks like. like buses or lorries. Without the change in travel patterns, a sudden services, such as buses and trains loss of access to transport can have Personal travel and freight must be swap to these clean vehicles would accounts for 7% and aviation accounts on our lives and livelihoods. tackled at a local, regional, national require a significant amount of for about 7% of the average resident’s and international level, working with charging infrastructure and would also footprint. Freight and business travel regional and national government as omit the possible health, congestion is also a substantial part of the city’s well as the private sector. For travel footprint, constituting 17% of the and social benefits.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 28 Delivery theme 1 Transport CO2

2030 goal: BristolHOSPITAL will have a sustainable carbon neutral transport 2030 goal: Everyone will have access to a transport system that is system with modal shift to significantly more citizens walking, cycling resilient to a changing climate and using low carbon public transport

2030 Objective (i) 2030 Objective (v) Significant reduction in 2030 Objective (iv) car mileage achieved Existing transport 2030 Objective (ii) 2030 Objective (iii) Significant through mode shift infrastructure enhanced All of Bristol’s cars Reduce total improvements made to towards public transport, to withstand future primarily consist of ultra- carbon emissions accessibility and service walking and cycling; climate projections low emission vehicles from international and of sustainable travel commercial vehicle with the effect that (ULEVs) and 90% of domestic air travel infrastructure to ensure mileage reduced the transport network other vehicles to be associated with residents it can support carbon through freight continues to function ULEV. and businesses. neutral, climate resilient consolidation; aiming well during severe transport systems. for a total 40% reduction climate events. in vehicle miles.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 29 Delivery theme 1 Transport CO2

Our journey to 2030 We know that we need to make National and regional action Data and -- Using transport corridors fundamental changesHOSPITAL to reach our and city leadership knowledge to enhance blue and green 2030 goals. Based on the evidence We know the we will need support We know that we need further infrastructure; that we have in 2020, we anticipate from local and national government knowledge of how our transport -- Improving public transport services this will include actions such as: to achieve these objectives. These infrastructure is projected to be through major expansion of Engagement, culture actions may include: impacted by future climate hazards. infrastructure and services to create and inclusion -- The creation of a regional This will enable us to focus action, an integrated, segregated, high quality, rapid and reliable service People are key to changing our collaborative transport strategy such as schemes to mitigate risk and and ultra low emissions vehicles ; transport system. Therefore we organisation (akin to Transport for enhance resilience for areas most at will need to undertake extensive London, with buy-in from major risk of climate and weather events. -- Delivering a comprehensive freight engagement with the public and public transport providers) with the We will also aim to harness innovation consolidation scheme, including businesses to achieve our goals powers and funding to enable rapid from the private sector, such as effective first and last mile solutions, across the city. This could involve modal shift; and mobility as a service (MAAS) business that drastically reduce delivery trips; models to encourage modal shift programmes such as extensive -- Information campaigns, policies -- Installing and smart management away from car ownership. electric vehicle car club/share and incentives to reduce air mileage of electrical vehicle charging and schemes and personalised travel hydrogen infrastructure across the of residents and businesses in the Infrastructure planning programmes. city. city; and Funding Skills and We will need to implement some -- Reduction in parking capacity for and finance capacity new infrastructure to make this non ultra low emission vehicles, transformational change happen. This increased car parking charges and We know we will need to update how We know we need to have the will need to be through actions like: workplace car parking levy. transport is financed through actions skills and capacity in the city to -- Enhancing walking and such as subsidised public transport, maintain and operate our updated cycling experience and road user charging and business rate infrastructure. incentives for sustainable transport infrastructure through reallocation use and low aviation mileage. of road space away from the motor vehicle;

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 30 Delivery theme 1 Transport CO2

Key challenges to delivery: Opportunities: -- Identifying, securingHOSPITAL and justifying -- Improved public transport, public funding realm and air quality. It has been -- Time needed for regulatory identified that this will particularly and planning processes and for benefit lower income households construction of new infrastructure and young people. -- The higher capital cost of ultra low -- Release of land for other uses – e.g. emission vehicles, both for private housing, green space, and use of owners and commercial operators transport corridors to support green infrastructure -- The input needed from national and international bodies and businesses -- Mode shift to more space efficient to change the market, incentives options will allow the city to grow for businesses and individuals, and effectively while easing the traffic policy and regulation. congestion that currently costs the city’s businesses -- Improved health outcomes, through both active travel and air quality improvements -- Removing unnecessary journeys by car should free up road space and save time for people whose mobility needs are more acute, such as disabled drivers.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 31 Delivery theme 2 BuildingsCO2

The challenge However, the next phase of energy Our strategy A tailored approach will ensure that

HOSPITAL Bristol’s existing buildings, both performance improvement in A focus on retrofitting will ensure solutions reflect a building’s use, commercial and residential, will need buildings will involve more complex, our current buildings will have better design, heritage and construction to be transformed if the city is to more expensive measures which energy performance, cutting heating materials, as well as reducing climate achieve its target to achieve carbon require better skills and knowledge to demand and therefore carbon, and risks such as summer overheating, neutrality by 2030 and make them design and install, and some financial will support the target to eliminate fuel flooding and drought. This retrofit resilient to the potential impacts of incentives to reduce and/or spread poverty and end the risk of anyone programme will support local jobs a changing climate. In addition, the the cost of improvements, particularly having to live in a cold home. This and businesses, with an extensive city’s need for new housing and for lower income households and will also incorporate the appropriate programme to upgrade skills and other buildings will need to be met small businesses. Specific approaches solutions for carbon neutral knowledge in the building trades so only from developments which are to tackle the generally lower energy heating (see delivery theme 3: Heat they can design, specify and deliver carbon neutral and climate resilient, performance of the private rented Decarbonisation). complex insulation programmes aligning with the city’s approach to sector, for both domestic and to a high quality using appropriate decarbonising heat and transport. commercial buildings, will be needed. materials and techniques. We will also work with central government to call In recent decades, the widespread We know that with the projected for the transformation of the planning installation of relatively straightforward climate changes, we need our system to deliver carbon neutral and and low cost energy saving measures buildings to be designed to prevent climate resilient new buildings. such as cavity wall insulation and loft overheating. We also know that insulation in the city have contributed there are a number of potential new to a reduction in carbon emissions development areas in the city in areas from heating buildings of 29% since of flood risk. 2005.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 32 Delivery theme 2 BuildingsCO2

HOSPITAL2030 goal: All buildings in the city will be carbon neutral and use resources efficiently, ensuring everyone can enjoy affordable warmth in 2030 goal: All buildings in the city will be resilient to a changing climate winter and avoid overheating in summer

2030 Objective (ii) 2030 Objective (iii) 2030 Objective (i) The energy performance of existing buildings All key stakeholders (with a focus on building New buildings are carbon neutral and in the city is improved to minimise heat owners and operators) work together to climate resilient (aligning heat provision to demand, whilst preventing overheating, prepare and adapt our current building stock the city’s heat decarbonisation programme). through tailored retrofit solutions. for future climate hazards.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 33 Delivery theme 2 BuildingsCO2

Our journey to 2030 We know that we need to make Funding and -- Leadership from public sector

HOSPITAL Infrastructure fundamental changes to reach our finance building owners and social 2030 goals. Based on the evidence Finance will be required to support landlords to demonstrate To achieve this built infrastructure that we have in 2020, we anticipate and spread cost of deep retrofit, opportunities, stimulate supply upgrade by 2030 will require a this will include actions such as: including grant support for low chains and drive technology cost programme of works across the city, Engagement, culture income households and small reductions through effective linked to the heat decarbonisation and inclusion businesses. procurement. and wider adaptation programmes, to provide energy retrofit solutions for Households and businesses across National and regional action Skills and capacity every building and to orchestrate the the city will need to understand what and city leadership relevant skilled contractors, funding a well-retrofitted ‘futureproofed’ Transforming Bristol’s buildings for a Such a transformation of buildings solutions and advisory support. building is like and how it should be carbon neutral and climate resilient will need a skills upgrade and training managed – through demonstrators, future will require: for city’s building contractors and education and advice initiatives. We technical advice for building owners -- New powers and regulations to will need to provide clear pathways on carbon neutral retrofit and climate drive high energy efficiency and to securing that outcome for their resilience. climate resilience standards for building, with the right advice, support existing building retrofit and tighten Data and and appropriate funding support to up the enforcement and pace knowledge encourage prompt action. There of improvement in the domestic will need to be a particular focus on Guidance, advice, and support will and non-domestic private rented those experiencing fuel poverty, with be required for building owners sectors; tailored support services and funding (including householders) and building for home upgrades. -- Effective powers to set and managers on creating and living enforce requirements for new in low carbon, climate adapted build developments to achieve buildings. meaningful carbon neutral and climate resilience standards; and

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 34 Delivery theme 2 BuildingsCO2

Key challenges: Opportunities:

HOSPITAL -- Shifting focus of current -- Green jobs from major retrofit refurbishment work and complex programme suiting range of supply chains towards achieving qualifications carbon neutral outcomes -- Relatively strong local ‘green -- Lack of skills associated with low building skills’, building services carbon retrofit and whole building expertise and public energy advice solution design (particularly for services housing) -- Addressing fuel poverty goals in -- Financing the additional upfront tandem with carbon neutral goals cost of achieving high standards of -- Delivering health benefits energy performance (vs standard through providing better indoor retrofit) environments -- National government policy not -- Leadership from public sector favourable to stronger carbon to demonstrate potential with neutral and climate resilient exemplar retrofits and new standards being set for new build projects on own buildings developments by individual local (including housing) and to drive planning authorities skills and quality improvements. -- Ensuring that jobs and skills opportunities from transition to zero carbon construction include those most in need to training and employment

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 35 Delivery theme 3

CO2 Heat decarbonisation

The challenge Now we need to go much further, Our strategy Some organisations are exploring HOSPITAL Heating buildings and hot water in both by driving much deeper To achieve carbon neutral emissions the potential to replace fossil gas Bristol currently accounts for nearly improvements in insulation and by 2030 will require the phase out of with hydrogen for heating. However, 40% of the city’s scopes 1 and 2 building energy performance (see gas – a massive undertaking, though analysis undertaken for this strategy, carbon emissions. This makes it the Buildings theme) and by switching potentially one with significant job confirmed by a recent publication largest source of direct emissions. At away completely from gas boilers to opportunities. Our analysis shows that from the UK’s gas networks, suggests least 85% of this heat is supplied by replace them with efficient electric to become carbon neutral we need that this potential is not expected to gas with about 10% from electricity heating supplied by carbon neutral to replace the estimated 160,000 gas be realised at scale, if at all, until well (including storage heating). As a result electricity (see Electricity theme) boilers across the city with electric after 2030. This is even assuming that of the widespread adoption of simple and district heating (where heat is heat pumps supplied by renewable the other challenging technological insulation measures (such as cavity wall generated centrally and piped to electricity or carbon neutral district breakthroughs it requires to be carbon and loft insulation) and other efficiency buildings, a common approach in heating (where heat is generated neutral, safe and cost-effective are gains over the last 15 years (the future European cities such as Copenhagen). centrally from a large heat pump made promptly over the next decade. roll-out of these being covered under Until recently, gas was the lowest and piped to buildings). This will be Our analysis confirms that there are delivery theme 2: Buildings), the city’s carbon source of heating when far more efficient and have a much limited opportunities to increase the carbon emissions from heat have compared with oil, electricity or even, lower operating cost than using direct supply of green ‘biogas’ within the reduced by 29% since 2005. according to some analysis, wood. electric heating which would result in city. These conclusions have driven This is no longer the case. As a result a much larger increase in electricity our approach for Bristol. of the achievements in decarbonising demand. electricity nationally means that electricity is a lower carbon source of heating than gas, particularly when the electricity is used in high efficiency heating like heat pumps.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 36 Delivery theme 3

CO2 Heat decarbonisation

HOSPITAL 2030 goal: Bristol will have to implement carbon neutral forms of energy for heating and hot water for all by 2030

2030 Objective (i) 2030 Objective (ii) Individual electric heat pumps installed in ~95,000 buildings which have 65,000 buildings connected to heat networks to support the phase out of been well-insulated to support the phase out of gas heating in Bristol. gas heating in Bristol.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 37 Delivery theme 3

CO2 Heat decarbonisation

Our journey to 2030 We know that we need to make Funding and National and regional action Data and HOSPITAL fundamental changes to reach our finance and city leadership knowledge 2030 goals. Based on the evidence The cost differential between Regulations and powers will Improved understanding of the that we have in 2020, we anticipate gas boilers and both heat pumps be needed to phase out gas performance and optimum operating this will include actions such as: and heat networks will require boilers, necessitate heat network regimes for heat pumps and heat Engagement, culture funding and incentivisation to drive connections, protect consumers networks would assist the development and inclusion investment from building owners and drive retrofit with a focus on of staged programme of works to After 50 years of gas central heating into carbon neutral heat solutions. a just transition. This will include a deliver the heat decarbonisation, likely being seen as the desirable ‘cleaner’ National fuel cost subsidies for planning system that is supportive of to kick off with some carbon neutral choice, there will need to be a vulnerable households will also need this transition to heat decarbonisation heating pilot zones. sustained engagement programme to be redesigned to provide price and requires the alignment of each with households, landlords and protection. new development with the city’s heat Infrastructure decarbonisation plans. businesses to promote ‘the end of The City Leap Energy Partnership is The electricity network will need to gas’ and the genuinely clean, carbon expected to provide access to new There is potential for public sector be upgraded and operated more neutral alternatives to achieve heat private sector funding to support the (e.g. by social landlords and large smartly to serve higher demand (see decarbonisation (potentially led by capital costs of new infrastructure. public building owners) to drive ‘Electricity’). both cost-reductions, technology public sector and major building There will need to be early performance improvement and skills owners, including social landlords). examination (with Ofgem and others) development. Some major heat users in the city will of the value of continuing to invest in have the capacity to determine the Skills and upgrading the city’s gas network, given most appropriate approach. capacity the 2030 carbon neutral ambition. There will need to be training for new technology implementation (including skills upgrades for the city’s heating engineers and building contractors)

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 38 Delivery theme 3

CO2 Heat decarbonisation

Key challenges: Opportunities: HOSPITAL -- Cost and ‘effort’ differential between -- Reducing fuel poverty (with careful replacement gas boiler and carbon targeting to achieve affordable neutral alternatives and the current warmth), and improving health and low cost of gas as a heating fuel economic outcomes for people -- Lack of powers or regulations to -- Future-proofing now to enable a require action (to underpin business speedy transition case for heat networks) -- New low carbon construction jobs -- Lack of skills and decent supply -- Lowest lifetime cost route to chains for heat pumps and heat carbon neutral heat by 2030 networks -- Attract heat pump and heat network -- Dominant and unchallenged businesses to establish in exemplar cultural belief that ‘natural’ gas city heating is the modern, efficient and -- Avoided costs of upgrades to the ‘clean’ choice gas network in the city. -- Promotion of hydrogen as an alternative carbon neutral solution -- Whilst long-term investment will lead to lower bills, there is an interim need to ensure investment costs do not adversely impact those who find it hardest to pay -- Achieving carbon emission reductions and addressing fuel poverty together with common solutions.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 39 CO2

HOSPITAL Delivery theme 4 Electricity

The challenge With the electrification of heat and Our strategy But most importantly, Bristol can Achieving carbon neutrality by 2030 vehicles required across the city to Bristol will need to play its role help accelerate and reduce the cost in Bristol will depend heavily on achieve carbon neutrality by 2030, locally in enabling this national grid of national grid decarbonisation by the electricity it consumes being Bristol’s electricity demand is likely decarbonisation. The evidence participating at scale in smart energy decarbonised – so that virtually to increase by 50% by 2030 from demonstrates that the city can not solutions to create more flexible no carbon dioxide is emitted for current levels. These new sources generate within its boundaries enough demand, to shift and reduce peaks every unit of electricity used in the of demand out-run the continuing zero carbon electricity to meet its and to store excess production. city. This in turn depends on the efficiency gains in other power uses own electricity demand. So it will By becoming a smart and flexible decarbonisation of the national which will more than compensate for rely on new renewable generation demand, the city will be able to electricity system by 2030, often the anticipated population growth. being installed elsewhere. But it can better match the output of renewable referred to as ‘grid decarbonisation’. They will also change the scale and generate more ‘in area’ by realising generation on the system, reduce While this is not currently on track for pattern of demand peaks on the significantly more of the potential for system costs and enable higher 2030, it is now occurring very quickly, electricity network, requiring much rooftop solar PV on residential and levels of renewable generation to be particularly as a result of the rapid smarter demand management across non-residential buildings across the accommodated. deployment of renewable energy the city and a significant upgrade of city (estimated at 500MW at viable (such as off-shore wind and solar PV). the electricity distribution network to rates of return – only 28MW of which Moreover, there are expectations and make it ‘net zero ready’. This must be has been realised to date). Additionally, official scenarios that this will proceed achieved whilst working to ensure that if local households, businesses and apace in the 2020s and be achieved the electricity system is resilient to the organisations contract for genuine at some point in the early 2030s, impacts of climate change. 100% renewable electricity tariffs having achieved very low levels of they will help to create strong market carbon intensity by 2030. demand and price support for subsidy-free renewable generation across Great Britain, hastening its deployment.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 40 CO2

HOSPITAL Delivery theme 4 Electricity

2030 goal: All electricity supplied to and generated in Bristol will be 2030 goal: We will have an electricity system that is resilient to a carbon neutral (taking into account the anticipated 50% increase in changing climate demand by 2030)

2030 Objective (i) 2030 Objective (iii) 2030 Objective (ii) Decarbonisation of the national grid will be The local electricity network is reinforced, Renewable generation within the city will be supported by the extensive adoption of smart managed more smartly and made more maximised, including approx. 350MW solar. electricity solutions in Bristol. resilient to accommodate increased demand.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 41 CO2

HOSPITAL Delivery theme 4 Electricity

Our journey to 2030 We know that we need to make Funding and Planning policies nationally, regionally Data and fundamental changes to reach our finance and locally will need to be supportive knowledge 2030 goals. Based on the evidence Investment in establishing innovation of renewable energy generation. Stimulating participation in smart that we have in 2020, we anticipate and engagement with smart energy Public bodies in the city can use energy opportunities across the this will include actions such as: solutions will be required, potentially their procurement powers to drive city would benefit significantly from Engagement, culture by bidding to national funding pots high standards and lower costs in access to smart energy meter data and inclusion and establishing a local cluster. electricity-using equipment, flexibility and other energy system data to services, storage and PV, opening A citywide approach to financing improve understanding of the patterns Bristol’s businesses, public sector and up the resulting gains to the wider new solar PV rooftop installations of demand, opportunities for flexibility households will need to be engaged population. with emerging demand flexibility and (such as envisaged with City Leap and reduction and the potential value demand reduction services (including Energy Partnership) could significantly Skills and of action. battery storage). This should include accelerate take up. capacity Infrastructure innovative approaches to engaging The business case for upgrading For smart energy, to stimulate more vulnerable households to the electricity network will need to the required innovation, skills and We will need to work with Western ensure that everyone in Bristol has be developed with Western Power partnerships at the required pace and Power Distribution (WPD) during the opportunity to participate in the Distribution (see Infrastructure) to capture the economic benefits of 2020-21 to establish the engineering benefits of a smarter energy system. smart energy for the city, an initiative National and regional action and business case for accelerated The opportunities to install solar PV such as a smart energy cluster will and city leadership upgrade of the city’s network to cope and sign up for genuine renewable be needed. There will also need to with the anticipated new scale and To achieve grid decarbonisation electricity tariffs will also need active be a rejuvenation of the solar PV patterns of demand. We will also need nationally will require the government promotion. installation sector to take advantage of to engage with regulator Ofgem to and the energy regulator Ofgem the emerging viability of subsidy-free help WPD secure approval to proceed to continue to drive the rapid installations at scale. within the next price control (RIIO- deployment of renewables, to ED2). strengthen policies to stimulate and reward smarter energy solutions and to set and strengthen high energy performance standards for energy using equipment and buildings.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 42 CO2

HOSPITAL Delivery theme 4 Electricity

Key challenges: Opportunities: -- Developing a detailed picture of -- First mover advantages of building a network upgrade needs to 2030 ‘net zero ready network’ and making a legitimate case with -- ‘Innovation test bed’ for city-wide WPD to Ofgem for accelerated smart energy approaches (including investment in Bristol how to enable participation by -- Re-booting public and business vulnerable households) assumptions about viability of roof- -- Employment from accelerated top PV after the ending of Feed in network upgrade, PV installations Tariff subsidies and smart energy services -- Sufficient power systems engineers implementation and joint fitters for network upgrade -- Smart energy business sector -- Complexities of markets for smart growth from cluster approach energy and flexibility services -- Community energy investment and (creating significant barrier to entry). local energy trading (potentially for benefit of more vulnerable households) from PV installations.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 43 CO2

HOSPITAL

Delivery theme 5 Consumption and waste

The challenge Our strategy Achieving near carbon neutral Cities drive the wider global economy For us, responsible consumption emissions from waste management and our consumption has an impact is that as citizens and businesses/ requires not only waste reduction well beyond Bristol’s boundaries; we organisations, we value and reduce and improved recycling but also the can and need to reduce the amount our impact on the world’s natural removal of these plastics from the we consume as a city. Just under 50% resources, focusing on fair and residual waste stream or the cessation of the carbon footprint of Bristol’s sustainable consumption and of incineration altogether. households comes from indirect, or production. Reducing greenhouse gas As a city that leads on responsible scope 3, sources with approximately emissions caused by the production consumption we can take the 50% of these emanating from outside of the goods and services which opportunities to develop new the UK. Bristol’s residents and businesses business models which focus on The management of Bristol’s waste consume and by the management sustainable consumption, reducing currently causes c. 5% of Bristol’s of the waste we produce requires a waste and developing a circular scope 1 and 2 emissions, largely as a comprehensive approach. We need economy. This will support a longer- result of the incineration of residual to adapt and reduce our current term goal in the One City Plan for us waste and particularly the fossil-fuel consumption patterns, particularly to become a zero waste city. derived plastics it contains. our consumption of carbon-intensive products and activities and to re-use We know that extreme weather events and repair items we already have caused by climate hazards in other rather than replace them. This change parts of the world, put some of the in approach to consumption will also goods and services that we currently reduce our exposure to climate risks rely on at risk. In addition to food (see in supply chains. delivery theme 9), the Committee on Climate Change has highlighted that clothes and electronic equipment are especially at risk from their climate risk in international supply chains.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 44 CO2

HOSPITAL

Delivery theme 5 Consumption and waste

2030 goal: Bristol will be recognised as a city of responsible 2030 goal: Bristol will generate no carbon emissions from waste consumption, buying goods and services that are carbon neutral, and management reducing our exposure to climate hazards in the supply chain

2030 Objective (ii) 2030 Objective (i) Everyone follows principles of 2030 Objective (iii) Bristol’s retail economy has 2030 Objective (iv) responsible consumption, using Significant levels of waste transitioned to high quality, At least 65% of all ‘waste’ is and buying less and buying reduction (particularly for food, durable products that can be repaired, recycled or re-used. carbon neutral goods and textiles, and plastic). easily repaired. services.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 45 CO2

HOSPITAL

Delivery theme 5 Consumption and waste

Our journey to 2030 We know that we need to make Funding and -- Greater local powers to oversee Data and fundamental changes to reach our finance commercial waste collection to knowledge 2030 goals. Based on the evidence Financial incentives, such as the reduce complexity, inefficiencies To develop an effective One City that we have in 2020, we anticipate implementation of Pay As You Throw and enforcement challenges approach to reducing waste and this will include actions such as: (PAYT) schemes, or other financial -- Legal requirements on businesses improving recycling will require much Engagement, culture mechanisms to reduce waste and to sort waste for recycling, collect better data about the commercial and inclusion encourage recycling will be needed. food waste separately and effective (i.e. non-residential) waste being enforcement. A wide-ranging engagement There will also be a need for regional produced across the city. We will also campaign will be needed to achieve investment to improve plastics Skills and need a much better understanding our objectives, including: recovery from residual waste. capacity of how to communicate messages and design initiatives around reducing -- A comprehensive and sustained National and regional action We will need to share skills and and city leadership consumption to different types of communications and engagement knowledge across businesses, household so as to enthuse rather campaign across the public and We know that a range of policy and individuals and community groups than alienate. businesses, targeting areas with leadership actions will be required, within Bristol, as well as sharing with higher levels of consumption, including: networks outside the city. This will Infrastructure low recycling performance and -- Design and implementation of a tax support us in becoming leaders in reductions in food waste and plastic and dividend scheme, which taxes responsible consumption. Develop waste storage, transfer use; high carbon products and services treatment and recyclate processing -- Developing a citywide shared and provides the tax back as a facilities that create value from waste understanding and commitment to dividend to be spent on ‘green’ or and resources that can be directly re- responsible consumption (including ‘eco’ products and services invested back into the city. lower carbon food and reduced -- Public sector leadership to support flying), which acknowledges the re-use activities and use of generally lower impact of lower procurement to build markets for income households; and re-use and recycled goods. -- Creating advertising standards and restrictions to support responsible consumption.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 46 CO2

HOSPITAL

Delivery theme 5 Consumption and waste

Key challenges: Opportunities: -- Limited influence of local -- Further cost savings for the public authority over commercial waste purse from improved more efficient management. recycling and waste reduction -- Lack of powers for the local -- Cost savings for individuals through authority to introduce ‘pay as you reducing overall consumption throw’ and waste restrictions levels -- Status of EU circular economy -- Bristol to enhance reputation as package post Brexit city with strong environmental -- Cultural expectations of credentials and approach to consumption are deeply responsible consumption embedded, and are part of much -- Opportunities for improvements to wider national and global systems health and wellbeing, with greater -- Existing inequalities in household societal value placed on experience carbon footprints mean messaging over consumption and support for change needs to be -- Wider benefits of sustainable targeted consumption to resource depletion -- Nearly 50% of our household and resource use. consumption emissions originate from outside the UK, meaning that the control that we have locally may be limited.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 47 CO2

HOSPITAL

Delivery theme 6 Business and economy

The challenge changes are likely to make extreme Our strategy Businesses in Bristol contribute events more likely. International events The carbon neutral goal and £1.7bn to the UK’s economy. There can impact the local economy and adoption of a circular economy are approximately 18,300 businesses business through international supply seeks to decouple economic or operating in Bristol, the large majority chains and many companies do not business growth from resource being independent micro and review and monitor the resilience of consumption by creating value small businesses. Bristol’s economy their supply chains. from resources in new ways. This is predominantly service-based Businesses and organisations in can directly address issues around spanning professional services, food Bristol have an approximate total resource scarcity, productivity and and hospitality, retail, education, (scopes 1, 2 and 3) greenhouse gas carbon, while indirectly addressing healthcare. Over 20,000 people are footprint of 5,000ktCO2e, a significant issues around innovation, inclusivity also employed in manufacturing, contribution to the overall footprint of and inequality. For example, it is construction, energy supply, water the city. Approximately 50% of this is projected that investing 0.4% (£58m) and waste management jobs. Extreme from their indirect (scope 3) emissions, of Bristol’s annual GVA to exploit weather events can have significant which are not well understood, and energy efficiency and low carbon consequences on the local and where levers for change are more opportunities will result in 0.7%GVA regional economy through direct and distributed. (£102m) annual savings in the city’s indirect losses, and future climate energy bill, 2,000 jobs in the low carbon goods and services sector and wider social and economic benefits such as a decrease in fuel poverty and improved resource efficiency.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 48 CO2

HOSPITAL

Delivery theme 6 Business and economy

2030 goal: Bristol’s businesses will be carbon neutral and climate 2030 goal: Bristol will have a strong carbon neutral, and climate resilient resilient economy, maximising on the opportunity from the transition

2030 Objective (i) 2030 Objective (ii) 2030 Objective (iii) 2030 Objective (iv) All businesses and organisations All businesses (especially those Businesses improve resilience Bristol builds on its leadership in Bristol are carbon neutral with high GHG footprints) are to climate hazards through position, attracting businesses (direct and supply chain supported in the transition to collaborative organisational at the forefront of the green emissions) and will annually carbon neutrality to ensure that strategy, planning and revolution and developing an record and measure scope Bristol’s economy is diverse. operation. Provision of services eco-innovation cluster, and 1, 2 and 3 GHG emissions This will include training, to the most vulnerable in providing access to these jobs in accordance with the engagement, management and society is prioritised. to a diverse group of citizens. Greenhouse Gas Protocol. operation support.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 49 CO2

HOSPITAL

Delivery theme 6 Business and economy

Our journey to 2030 We know that we need to make Funding and Skills and We also know that businesses and fundamental changes to reach our finance capacity economic sectors will need to 2030 goals. Based on the evidence We know that financial and tax We recognise that the city would undertake analysis in order to that we have in 2020, we anticipate incentives for carbon neutrality need to gather people and businesses align their future plan with Bristol’s this will include actions such as: would be a strong option to offer alike with the relevant skills and vision. This would include circularity Engagement, culture additional help to businesses capacity to take these steps forward, assessments to identify and and inclusion who are transitioning and sharing their experience and implement opportunities for circular adapting. Another area to explore knowledge for the benefit of the business model development as well We know that engagement will be as supply chain analysis to establish required to change business models is implementing further incentives that whole city. focus on attracting ‘eco’ businesses to resilience, vulnerabilities and carbon and the way in which businesses Data and neutral intervention opportunities. operate. This could include business- the area, helping to drive collaborative knowledge innovation. led employee programmes, Bristol is missing data to Infrastructure promoting behaviour change and National and regional action quantify the economic impacts raising climate and ecological and city leadership of climate hazards. We believe it We know that the city and its emergency awareness, or evidence- There may be some areas where new would be beneficial to evaluate the businesses would benefit from based education for senior policy and legislation is required to significance these hazards have on our infrastructure that provides a strong management regarding circular incentivise or mandate change for economy. This could include the foundation for a growing green economy principles and business some businesses. direct impacts, impacts on revenues economy. models/planning. Our engagement, and sales, impact on productivity, and culture and inclusion programme impacts on resources, production and will also need to address the diversity supply chain. of the environmental sector; as new jobs are created in the carbon neutral and adaptation economies, it will be critical that they are open to all.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 50 CO2

HOSPITAL

Delivery theme 6 Business and economy

Key challenges: Opportunities: -- Reducing supply chain emissions -- Development of specialised and risk can be dependent on skills related to green economy adoption of best practice of businesses and organisations organisations outside of the city -- The opportunity to establish an where supply chains are inflexible economy where financial gain is -- Establishing an engagement not coupled with environmental approach appropriate for the vast and ecological degradation portfolio of Bristol businesses -- Much of the job growth from -- The current environmental sector delivering the strategy and is not very diverse, with limited subsequent delivery plans will be representation of ethnic minorities in related sectors where ethnic in particular. minority workforce representation is higher; this provides an opportunity to diversify the environmental workforce -- There are opportunities for businesses to consider climate action in tandem with wider environmental and societal benefits.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 51 CO2

HOSPITAL Delivery theme 7 Public, voluntary, community and social enterprise services

The challenge Furthermore, the provision of public Our strategy As well as responding to severe Public services include services services in Bristol results in 747ktCO2e Public services plan for emergencies weather, public services organisations such as government, education, of annual GHG emissions, which is through the Local Resilience Forum, need to maintain delivery of essential healthcare and hospitals, social care the equivalent of driving from Land’s which for Bristol works across the services during incidents. Maintaining and community facilities, public End to John O’Groats 4,500times. West of England and Somerset. this continuity of service during green space, emergency services This represents 14% of the overall They are joined in this by private longer, more frequent and more and law enforcement. In some cases emissions associated with Bristol’s companies which carry out essential intense weather events will require a it also includes private companies economic activity. 608ktCO2e (or 81%) public services, like water and energy strengthening of these services. Many who provide essential public services of Bristol’s public services emissions distribution companies. They assess of these services have seen significant such as water or energy networks. are attributed to the supply chain. risks and work together to ensure that funding reductions in the past decade The Voluntary, Community and The public sector will have an they have the collective capability and will need additional funding to Social Enterprise (VCSE) sector also important role to play in delivering to respond to incidents. As climate provide this resilience. provide important services which against each of the of the other delivery change increases the severity and Public services have also been leading complement public services. themes. This covered elsewhere. frequency of severe weather events action to decarbonise their activities. These services are fundamental to these services will need to reassess For example, the City Council has the lives of everyone who lives and risks and increase their capability to reduced its direct emissions by 80% works in Bristol. Climate change is respond. Examples include more since 2005 and is now working to projected to put additional strain on intense and longer heat waves reduce its indirect emissions. All of the our public services as a result of the resulting in more people needing key public services in the city will need increased frequency and intensity health care services or flooding to develop plans to decarbonise their of extreme weather events, this may requiring more rescue services. This operations and supply chains, helping have devasting effects on some of the is likely to require additional capacity, to lead the wider changes in the city. most vulnerable in society . resources and funding.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 52 CO2

HOSPITAL Delivery theme 7 Public, voluntary, community and social enterprise services

2030 goal: Our city will lead the way with carbon neutral public, 2030 goal: Public, voluntary, community and social enterprise services voluntary, community and social enterprise services and supply chains in Bristol will be prepared for future climate conditions and hazards

2030 Objective (ii) 2030 Objective (i) All public and VCSE service 2030 Objective (iii) All public and VCSE service organisations (especially those Public and VCSE service 2030 Objective (iv) organisations in Bristol are with high GHG footprints) are organisations improve resilience Bristol’s public and VCSE sector carbon neutral (direct and supported in the transition to to climate hazards through will build upon its leadership supply chain emissions) and will carbon neutrality to ensure that collaborative organisational position, sharing lessons from annually record and measure access to services are protected strategy, planning and its earlier transition with other scope 1, 2 and 3 GHG emissions for Bristol’s citizens. This will operation. Provision of services organisations in the city. in accordance with the include training, engagement, to the most vulnerable in Greenhouse Gas Protocol. management and operation society is prioritised. support.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 53 CO2

HOSPITAL Delivery theme 7 Public, voluntary, community and social enterprise services

Our journey to 2030 We know that we need to make We are also aware that specific National and regional action Data and fundamental changes to reach our engagement and training in public and city leadership knowledge 2030 goals. Based on the evidence service workplaces is required. This We know that the public sector can play We will aim to gather data to inform that we have in 2020, we anticipate would relate to changes in service an exciting leadership role for the rest action plans and improve our this will include actions such as: delivery and the expectations during a of the city. We therefore recognise the understanding of the current levels Engagement, culture climate emergency. need to work closely with the national of operational, organisational and and inclusion Funding and and regional governments to support all financial resilience of public and Improving education around climate finance public services and successfully achieve VCSE services. We know that this change, and engaging with the Our local public and VCSE services the objectives stated. will be achieved through work such public to induce wider community have stretched budgets, and Skills and as a Bristol public services climate resilience will be key. We know that competing priorities. There is a clear capacity vulnerability study, implementable we will need to engage to explore need for reprioritisation of budgets at business continuity plans and analysis We will need to have the skills and of supply chains. options for community resilience, a national level, as well opportunities capacity within the city and its public including providing information on for new and innovative financial and VCSE services to accomplish Infrastructure the available public and VCSE services mechanisms. these objectives, this include actions and respective response actions Financial resilience will be critical for such as climate emergency training Public services need to plan effectively during extreme weather events. We our public services, as they are often programmes for public services and in order to be resilient both now recognise that on a day to day basis, funders of last resort in the case of their supply chains, covering both and in the long-term. We therefore our public and VCSE services are most an emergency – the ability to quickly mitigation and adaptation. recognise the importance of building used by some of the most vulnerable mobilise and raise funds to support infrastructure that can withstand in the city. This means that it will be livelihoods will be critical. all future climate scenarios whilst beneficial to focus on the effects of ensuring connectivity and equal extreme weather events on health access across the city. and wellbeing.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 54 CO2

HOSPITAL Delivery theme 7 Public, voluntary, community and social enterprise services

Key challenges: Opportunities: -- The transition to carbon neutrality -- Collaboration for health-led and and the wider resilience of public climate resilient infrastructure to services given their reliance on relieve the strain on healthcare and public funding emergency services -- Potential inflexibility of supply chain -- Leadership from the public sector options for some public services. could support action in other sectors, in particular through their significant buying and convening power -- Opportunities to improve shared knowledge and implementation across public services organisations, increasing capacity and saving money.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 55 CO2

DeliveryHOSPITAL theme 8 Natural environment

The challenge Developing, protecting and enhancing Our strategy Action in this area is also needed to The natural environment refers to green infrastructure and the natural Delivering blue and green limit the damage that will be caused all naturally occurring living and environment can help protect urban infrastructure provides co-benefits to wildlife by the impacts of climate non-living things such as living environments against the impacts for the health and wellbeing of change, whilst also supporting species, climate, weather and of climate change by, among other Bristol’s citizens by reducing the direct opportunities for recovery and natural resources. This includes things, improving surface drainage human harm caused by flooding and protection of species. green infrastructure, a network of and helping to reduce the urban heat extreme heat (the two major climate A response to the ecological natural and semi-natural features, island effect. Green infrastructure change induced physical risks facing emergency is being developed green spaces, rivers and lakes within can also be designed to optimise the the city in the upcoming years). separately to this strategy. Our and between urban areas. This carbon carrying capacity of the natural There is also the added benefit of approach to looks to achieve as many encompasses all urban and rural environment, helping to reduce the directly and positively impacting both co-benefits as possible to respond to green spaces in Bristol including city’s emissions. mental and physical health through wider city challenges. However, this parks, open spaces, playing fields, Climate change can promote stress, providing access to recreation and separate response will set out a wider woodlands, allotments, trees, soils. It and the spread of pests, diseases and relaxation opportunities. Research range of interventions required. also includes rivers, streams, canals non-native invasive species. shows that moving to greener areas and other water bodies, sometimes can significantly improve mental referred to as blue infrastructure. health, as well as evidence to suggest that the likelihood of obesity can be reduced by 40% with increased green infrastructure.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 56 CO2

DeliveryHOSPITAL theme 8 Natural environment

2030 goal: As the climate changes, we will adapt to limit damage to 2030 goal: The natural environment in Bristol will be restored, protected wildlife, whilst supporting opportunities for recovery and protection of and enhanced to deliver climate change benefits species

2030 Objective (i) 2030 Objective (ii) 2030 Objective (iv) 2030 Objective (iii) All new developments use The city’s natural environment Bristol businesses and Everyone lives and works within appropriate blue and green (including canopy cover and organisations are wildlife friendly a 10 minute walk of a quality infrastructure to protect from biodiversity) has been restored, by providing habitats, birdboxes green space with sufficient tree future climate events whilst preserved and enhanced to or sponsoring the development canopy cover to provide refuge also providing ecological maximise carbon sequestration of green infrastructure in an for citizens during climate net gain and enhancing the in carbon sinks, climate effort to recover wildlife lost as change induced extreme heat sequestration potential of all resilience and health and a direct result of climate change conditions. developments. wellbeing. or urbanisation.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 57 CO2

DeliveryHOSPITAL theme 8 Natural environment

Our journey to 2030 We know that we need to make Funding and Skills and Infrastructure fundamental changes to reach our finance capacity 2030 goals. Based on the evidence We know we will need new funding We recognise that we will need the Developing new and enhancing that we have in 2020, we anticipate mechanisms that fully value the skills and capacity to successfully current blue and green infrastructure this will include actions such as: natural environment, recognising implement a blue and green in the city will play a large role in Engagement, culture the benefits that ecosystem services infrastructure strategy. This will involve improving future resilience. Such and inclusion have on the population’s wellbeing. a plan and programme of works that initiatives could include: If designed right, we know that green This could involve working with supports a nature and land-based -- Integrating green infrastructure infrastructure can have a large and organisations such as BCC and the response to the physical impacts of solutions into a city centre flood positive impact on communities. We NHS to develop models around the climate change in Bristol. As a result, management strategy will therefore aim to use these green payment for ecosystem services. we will aim to maximise the wider -- Developing wildlife and nature spaces as vehicles for community National and regional action benefits of creating a natural urban corridors (green and blue) to create education and engagement. An and city leadership environment. a network through Bristol that example of this would be through the We know we will need to build on Data and connects to surrounding areas. NHS encouraging active participation current work, working alongside city knowledge in green infrastructure and the natural leadership to create a robust blue and In order to develop blue and green environment, which in turn would green infrastructure strategy for Bristol. infrastructure planning, we know benefit the health and wellbeing We will also need planning policy that further analysis of data will be of Bristol’s citizens. We know that that supports the delivery of green required. An example of this could be engagement schemes will inform infrastructure, and we may also need detailed heat mapping of Bristol to citizens on the role climate change wider environmental regulation. understand hot spots in accordance has on the natural environment, with climate change projections. for example on our wildlife and the spread of new species and diseases.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 58 CO2

DeliveryHOSPITAL theme 8 Natural environment

Key challenges: Opportunities: -- Integrating blue and green -- Health and wellbeing-led infrastructure into existing crowded infrastructure approach transport and infrastructure -- True and sustainable restoration and networks in Bristol enhancement of wildlife population -- Ensuring functionality of blue and and habitats in Bristol to tackle the green infrastructure is sufficient ecological emergency to support commuting/ transport -- Using other capital infrastructure to needs of citizens deliver green infrastructure through -- Overcoming silo budgeting – co-design (e.g. district heating) creating an integrated approach to -- Redressing the balance of access invest in public green space. to nature and green space, which is lower in some deprived communities who cannot always travel to access it.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 59 CO2

Delivery theme 9 HOSPITAL Food

The challenge products within the city boundary Our strategy The majority of food consumed and transportation of all food/drink Developing a resilient and low carbon in Bristol is produced outside the products around the city), while the food supply chain will contribute city (and country) boundary and remaining 88% are attributed to our to the reduction of Bristol’s carbon transported into the city for use food and beverage supply chains. footprint whilst also improving in schools, hospitals, care homes, Meat and dairy are amongst the security to the supply chain and charities and businesses and for sale highest carbon food groups. boosting the local food economy. in supermarkets, restaurants and other Given the complexity of our food Positive change around Bristol’s food consumer outlets. The total emissions supply chains, we are at risk of food culture also provides an opportunity associated with the production shortages or food price rises as a to engage with children and adults of all food and drink consumed result of extreme weather events about health, wellbeing and nutrition by households in Bristol annually elsewhere in the world. Some of as well as different cultures and diets. accounts for approximately 14% of the world’s core crops are mainly This is especially important in a time the total (570ktCO2e). Only 12% of produced in relatively concentrated when tens of thousands of children in these emissions occur directly within geographic areas, reinforcing the Bristol are either overweight or obese. the Bristol city boundary (this covers vulnerability. An example of this the manufacturing of food and drink impact in practice is the Russian heatwave in 2010 which was linked to the doubling of global wheat prices. When food prices rise, it is the poorest in society who are hit hardest.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 60 CO2

Delivery theme 9 HOSPITAL Food

2030 goal: Bristol will have a resilient food supply chain that supports 2030 goal: People in Bristol will consume carbon neutral food and drink the city region’s local food economy

2030 Objective (i) 2030 Objective (iii) 2030 Objective (iv) Sustainable and low carbon 2030 Objective (ii) Urban food production potential Our citizens will have a more food options will be available Bristol city region specific is maximised for sustainable and plant-based diet, minimise food to everyone, respectful carbon neutral, climate resilient resilient food production and is waste and support an increase of all dietary and cultural food supply and distribution used as a mechanism for active in the market for sustainable requirements, in all future solutions will be implemented. community participation and and carbon neutral food. climates. education in food sustainability.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 61 CO2

Delivery theme 9 HOSPITAL Food

Our journey to 2030

We know that we need to make Funding and Skills and Infrastructure fundamental changes to reach our finance capacity 2030 goals. Based on the evidence We know that we will need to We know that we will need to The implementation of roof and that we have in 2020, we anticipate provide financial support to promote share skills with those that supply vertical urban farming solutions is an this will include actions such as: sustainable food systems. This and distribute food within the city. area that we know will require a lot of Engagement, culture could be through national subsidies, Through this kind of collaboration focus and support. This infrastructure and inclusion changes in policy, including new we will have the opportunity to could include making use of redundant assets such as city carparks, Engaging people of all ages is financial incentives for consumers and understand their carbon emissions which would be in alignment with essential to deliver the change businesses. and get further guidance on how they a transport mode shift. We know required. Food can have a powerful resolve matters such as improving National and regional action it would also be advantageous social and cultural role, and this their resilience. and city leadership to develop mutually beneficial can be harnessed to support wider The national, regional and local Data and systems, an example of this would be community benefits. Engagement government has the power to make knowledge agrovoltaics (agriculture and solar PV). would include providing essential a large impact on the city’s food We realise the importance of information such as the origins of economy. We know that this could be harnessing data to fully understand food, practical skills and principles of achieved through actions such as: the impact of climate change in this sustainable consumption for people -- Formal adoption of policy that area. An example of this would be of all ages and backgrounds. designs out food waste in both through analysing current supply commercial and residential settings chains in order to highlight key areas for optimisation. -- Local reward scheme recognising low carbon businesses and farmers that operate with sustainable and resilient supply chains. -- Local government incentives, adaptation funding and guidance to support food businesses transition to carbon neutral and resilient supply chains.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 62 CO2

Delivery theme 9 HOSPITAL Food

Key challenges: Opportunities: -- Implementing a sustainable and -- Setting a national example by resilient supply chain that extends positively influencing the health and across all aspects of the city’s food wellbeing of Bristol’s citizens whilst network establishing a sustainable, resilient -- Adjusting the long-engrained and low carbon supply chain for the preferences of citizens for city convenience -- Avoiding food waste, healthy eating -- Some ethical and sustainable food and food growing can all save items can be more expensive, money and improve health for which can disproportionately affect people on low incomes those on low incomes -- Harnessing the social and cultural -- Many global companies marketing power of food to promote wider and producing a cheap and societal benefits convenient high carbon food, -- As well as reducing risks from which may be vulnerable to the global climate hazards, more local impacts of climate change food supply chains provide the opportunity to create jobs -- Sustainable food production methods could promote wider environmental benefits, such as improved soil quality and water quality

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 63 Delivery theme 10 Infrastructure interdependenciesCO2

The challenge HOSPITAL As the city is made up of complex Our strategy This encompasses all grey interdependent systems, climate Adopting a joined up approach infrastructure, blue and green risks can have direct or indirect can enable more efficient resource infrastructure (covering vital services relationships between wider city use and share the costs and risks. such as water, transport, waste, assets and cause cascading shocks Collaborating across systems ICT and energy), and the social and stresses. Therefore, failure of an will enable us to reduce system infrastructure (such as hospitals, asset can cause impacts far beyond vulnerabilities in a way that is focused schools, social care services, the directly impacted area, and on protecting provision of services to community services and emergency the failure of assets geographically the most vulnerable in the city first. remote from Bristol can have knock services) present within the city, or Collaborative infrastructure on consequences for the city. For providing services to people in the city. management for the transition to example, water availability outside the Infrastructure assets work together to carbon neutrality will also work to city boundaries could be affected by provide essential services to people. minimise the disruption experienced a climate event which would in turn For example, to receive clean drinking by citizens, businesses, organisations impact availability of water in the city. water, we are not only reliant on the and the city as a whole during this infrastructure that treats and moves As we develop and adapt our period of rapid and drastic change. In the water, but also on the transport infrastructure to deliver a low carbon order to reach the goals set for 2030, infrastructure that enables staff to future, new interdependencies it is crucial that carbon neutral designs access water treatment sites, the will emerge. For example, as we are explored and implemented, ICT infrastructure that supports the electrify heat and transport, additional finding the optimum solutions to control systems, and the electricity electricity distribution infrastructure ensure Bristol is resilient to climatic infrastructure that delivers power to will need to be built in the city. changes whilst working towards treat and pump water. Collaboration across infrastructure carbon neutrality. systems will be needed to plan this effectively. It will also lead to potential new vulnerabilities within city systems.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 64 Delivery theme 10 Infrastructure interdependenciesCO2

HOSPITAL 2030 goal: Infrastructure investors, owners, operators and regulators 2030 goal: Infrastructure investors, owners, operators and will collaborate to improve the resilience of the services provided by our regulators will collaborate to develop and maintain infrastructure infrastructure systems to future climate change and extreme weather events supports a carbon neutral Bristol across systems

2030 Objective (i) 2030 Objective (ii) Our infrastructure is projected The extent and criticality 2030 Objective (iii) to deliver the needs of everyone 2030 Objective (iv) of Bristol’s infrastructure We understand the risk extreme in the city in even an extreme Infrastructure stakeholders work interdependencies is weather events pose across future climate scenario. together to develop cross- understood by all necessary our infrastructure systems Provision of vital services, sector, whole system carbon stakeholders and used to and collaborate to improve such as water and sewerage is neutral solutions. optimise performance now and resilience. maintained in all but the most in the future. extreme circumstances.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 65 Delivery theme 10 Infrastructure interdependenciesCO2

Our journey to 2030

We know that we need to makeHOSPITAL aligning the timescales and Skills and Infrastructure fundamental changes to reach our requirements across partners to deliver capacity 2030 goals. Based on the evidence benefits that will extend beyond an We know we will need the skills as We recognise the importance of that we have in 2020, we anticipate individual infrastructure provider. well as training for infrastructure digital and ICT developments and this will include actions such as: Financial resilience will be critical for operation and maintenance staff will need to take advantage of these Engagement, culture our infrastructure services, as they are to align with the identification of to support the other infrastructure and inclusion often providing critical services that interdependencies between systems. networks. Additionally, we know need to be maintained in the case of that all interdependencies and We acknowledge the need to Data and an emergency – the ability to quickly vulnerabilities of current and new undertake some form of joint knowledge mobilise and raise funds to support infrastructure will need to be community and user engagement to livelihoods will be critical. Collecting data and sharing managed and mitigated. This could understand areas such as accessibility knowledge would allow for a greater be through promoting collaboration issues and potential improvements to National and regional action understanding of infrastructure between infrastructure providers and services. This will provide assurance and city leadership interdependencies and informed operators, interdependency mapping that infrastructure is usable and fit for We know that we will need support planning. This could include: and analysing the predicted impacts purpose for citizens and organisations, from local and national government -- An infrastructure resilience plan and of climate change. as well as highlighting how to optimise to achieve these objectives. These programme of works aligning with infrastructure to benefit the city. actions may include: interdependency mapping; and Funding and -- Undertaking design and planning at -- Collaborative adaptation planning finance a community level through a knowledge sharing Ensuring maintenance of existing -- Using leadership within local group between major infrastructure infrastructure and delivery of new government to encourage cross- groups e.g. Network Rail, Highways infrastructure across the city is critical. sector design and collaboration England, ICT providers, Bristol Sharing costs and risks implies new with projects such as green Water, Wessex Water, Western delivery and financing mechanisms, infrastructure and district heat Power Distribution, National Grid, networks. BCC, major building owners, large institutions like the NHS and nature organisations.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 66 Delivery theme 10 Infrastructure interdependenciesCO2

Key challenges: HOSPITAL Opportunities: -- Integrating blue and green -- Sharing knowledge, data, costs and infrastructure into existing crowded risks of projects between those who transport and other infrastructure would benefit networks in Bristol -- Opportunities to protect the most -- Potential for some issues around vulnerable in society data privacy may limit data sharing -- Opportunities for innovation and between infrastructure providers for Bristol to develop a creative -- Legislative powers may be needed adaptation economy, with products to encourage all providers to work and services that can be shared collaboratively with others -- Infrastructure does not respect -- Opportunities to enhance health administrative boundaries and wellbeing through developing -- Better information and data creative solutions that maximise is need to fully understand these outcomes through e.g. green interdependencies. infrastructure.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 67 Monitoring and review

Overview Mirroring the national Committee on Next steps A note on offsetting In order for Bristol to become carbon Climate Change, we have established In 2020, and in parallel with the Achieving carbon neutrality will neutral and climate resilient and the Bristol Advisory Committee on delivery planning, we need to develop mean managing residual emissions to have maximum impact on the Climate Change to review progress a clear framework for monitoring and remaining after all planned global climate, Bristol’s experience and act as a critical friend to review in subsequent years. We will: interventions have been made. This stakeholders in the city. should provide a roadmap for other -- Develop indicators for mitigation will typically involve offsetting; this similar places to follow, reflecting our They will produce biennial reports and resilience action covering is a complex issue, with challenges principle of being transformative. We on both adaptation and mitigation both outputs (what is delivered around additionality, fairness, financing will also need to evolve and learn, in needs and progress in implementing through actions) and outcomes (the interventions and carbon accounting. line with our learning principle. measures, which will provide difference made by the outputs). For example, sequestration of We already have a city baseline stakeholders and the public with This monitoring will aim to identify carbon emissions through land use provided by the evidence base reports. transparency about the process. and mitigate any unintended change may be more acceptable We will develop this knowledge and As one of our key principles is learning negative consequences. than sequestration through land use change outside the city. monitor progress against this evidence. and evolving this plan, this review -- Establish a transparent process to We need a robust monitoring regime will feed into continuous review and monitor delivery, communicate Given the need to prioritise direct to record which interventions work revision of the delivery plans. This will progress and update planning. interventions to reduce emissions, best, which offer best value for money enable us to be agile and expend effort offsetting will be considered as we get and which provide the widest co- on the most effective interventions. closer to 2030. benefits. Therefore an essential part However, given the potential lead of this strategy is the monitoring, in times to assemble finance from measuring and public reporting to across partners in the city, the communicate the progress the city potential need for land assembly and has made. other complexities to resolve, we are proposing a review of offsetting requirements in the late 2020s.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 68 Delivery

This strategy sets out the city’s shared Committed, collective leadership However, governance provides This will require a commitment from ambition and vision for a decade of from across the city accountability, support and co- an initial partner to kick-start and co- transformative climate action. The The One City Approach has already ordination within wider networks. ordinate action. route for delivering actions will be proven successful in bringing The One City Environmental Delivery will comprise elements that detailed in delivery plans, which will partners together to provide Sustainability Board will continue to are both top-down and bottom-up. be developed and engaged on. collective leadership on key issues provide leadership and oversight of People who live, work, play and invest We quickly need to move from and challenges for the city. It is a the delivery of the strategy, supported in Bristol all have a crucial role to play. by all five other Boards, who all came strategy to action. Two key things will mechanism aligned to sustainable There is a strong existing ecosystem together to support the development be required to enable this; development, where all actors in of partners working to deliver climate of this strategy. -- Committed, collective, and society need to play their part in order action across the city. It is essential collaborative leadership from across for us to succeed. The Bristol Advisory Committee on that this work continues. Climate Change will continue to the city; and Bristol is a city where leadership However, in order to deliver at a new provide evidence and advice to city -- Resource and capacity to deliver. comes from all sectors and all people; pace and scale of change, and to partners, as we move from action to formal structures will only ever share learning effectively and quickly, delivery. represent a part of the picture. And new programmes of work will be of course people don’t need to wait Resource and capacity to deliver required. These may well be delivered for someone else in order to act. In The strategy will be followed by by individual organisations, but co- fact, many people and businesses are delivery plans, in some instances ordination will be needed to achieve already taking action individually and these will be existing statutory plans, our shared ambitions as one of the in communities or networks. This will in other instances a new approach will UK’s leading cities. need to continue and scale up. be required. People’s individual actions to reduce In both cases, it is essential to ensure their emissions and make their voices that there are sufficient human and heard are extremely important, both financial resources within partners to in direct emissions reduction and in deliver the plans. bringing about the policy changed we need to achieve these goals.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 69 Appendices

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 70 Glossary and definitions

Definitions -- Scope 3 emissions All other indirect Carbon sequestration: The process Physical climate risk: comprises The following key terms are used emissions after scope 2 have been of removing carbon from the an assessment of climate hazard within this strategy: accounted that occur in the entity’s atmosphere and storing it in a carbon exposure, sensitivity and adaptive footprint, e.g. production of goods sink, a fixed molecule in soil, oceans capacity. Climate change mitigation: A human and services, waste disposal, etc. or plants. intervention to reduce the sources Climate hazard: climate-related or enhance the sinks of greenhouse Carbon neutral: Where the carbon Climate change adaptation: The physical events, such as flooding or gases (IPCC, 2012). emissions caused by an entity (e.g. process of adapting, either through drought. reducing the impact of the climate Carbon emissions: Throughout this individual, business, product, etc.) Sensitivity: the vulnerability of assets hazard, or through reducing exposure strategy, we have used the term have either been eliminated, or to be impacted by climate hazards or vulnerability, to the actual or carbon emissions as a shorthand balanced by removals of greenhouse based on their condition and capacity expected climate and its effects. for all greenhouse gas emissions, gasses (including offsetting). This can and the potential consequences of sometimes be referred to as net zero. Climate resilient: Ability of human and these hazards on people. expressed as CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalents). This strategy refers to For the purposes of this strategy, non-human systems to withstand greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, we have used “carbon neutral” and respond to future changes in the covering scopes 1-3, in line with the as shorthand for greenhouse gas earth’s climate, e.g. extreme weather GHG protocol for cities: emission neutrality. temperatures, flooding, increased rainfall, etc. -- Scope 1 emissions Direct emissions Carbon offsetting: The action or from owned or controlled services, process of compensating for carbon Climate resilient by 2030: In this e.g. fuel combustion, vehicle use. dioxide emissions arising from strategy, we have used this term to mean being prepared, through -- Scope 2 emissions Indirect industrial or other human activity, by adaptive planning, for a global emissions from the generation of participating in schemes designed temperature rise of up to 4.3OC by purchased energy, e.g. electricity, to make equivalent reductions of 2100 compared to pre-industrial levels. electric heating. carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This offsetting can either be local or international.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 71 Glossary and definitions

Adaptive capacity: the ability of Natural capital: Natural capital Blue green infrastructure: A systems, organisations or people refers to the biological, physical and strategically planned network of to adjust to events, respond to chemical resources/assets, known natural and semi-natural areas consequences or take advantage of as ‘Stock’. According to agreed with other environmental features opportunities. convention, this Stock broadly designed and managed to deliver a Health and wellbeing impacts of includes biodiversity (ecological wide range of ecosystem services is climate change: Health impacts, communities), soils, freshwater, land, both rural and urban settings. in the context of the strategy, are minerals, atmosphere (air), subsoil Ecosystem services: Processes and linked to more physical metrics assets, and oceans. functions provided by the earth’s such as increased risk of illness from Biodiversity: The variability among natural resources, e.g. pollination, increased temperatures (e.g. heat living organisms from all sources, flood mitigation, air purification. stroke). Wellbeing impacts consider including terrestrial, marine, and a wider range of aspects, such as other aquatic ecosystems and the physical, economic, social, emotional ecological complexes of which they and psychological wellbeing. In both are part; this includes diversity within cases, impacts could be positive or species, between species, and of negative depending on the driver, e.g. ecosystems. poorly insulated dwellings can have a negative impact on health through increased risk of mould and damp conditions, whereas well insulated dwellings, that are also optimally designed to avoid overheating in summer, can have a positive wellbeing impact through reduced energy costs and feeling of comfort.

Bristol One City Climate Strategy A strategy for a carbon neutral, climate resilient Bristol by 2030 72 References

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