5106 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 By Mr. STEIGER (for himself, Mr. P. Abbott; to the Committee on the Judi­ "(a; Notwithstanding any other provision MARTIN, Mr. MOORHEAD of California, ciary. of this Act, all funds appropriated after Mr. O'BRIEN, Mr. OTTINGER, Mr. H.R. 3995. A bill for the relief of Habib February 22, 1977, under authority of this PANETTA, Mr. PIKE, Mr. SHARP, Mr. Haddad; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Act shall be allocated by the Secretary among SIMON, Mr. STEERS, Mr. VAN DEERLIN, · H.R. 3996. A bill for the relief of Mrs. the States in the ratio that t h e number of Mr. WALkER, Mr. WEISS, Mr. KosT­ Young Hee Kim Kang, Hee Jae Kang, Hee Jin unemployed persons in each State bears t o MAYER, Mr. HAGEDORN, Mr. GRADISON, Kang, and Hee Soo Kang; to the Committee the total number of unemployed persons in • Mr. McCLORY, Mr. LEACH, Mr. WINN, on the Judiciary. all States. Notwithstanding any other pro­ Mr. COUGHLIN, Mr. YOUNG of Florida, By Mr. WIRTH: vision of this Act, not more than 2 Y2 per Mr. LAGOMARSINO, Mr. FoRSYTHE, Mr. H.R. 3997. A bill for the relief of the Jef­ centum of all amounts appropriated to carry EvANS of Delaware, and Mr. JoHNSON ferson County Mental Health Center; to the out this Act shall be granted to Indian tribes of Colorado) : Committee on· the Judiciary. under this Act for local pu blic works H. Res. 326. Resolution to require that the projects.". Congressional Record contain a verbatim ac­ Reletter succeeding subsections and refer­ count of remarks actually delivered on the PETITIONS, ETC. ences thereto accordingly. floor, and for other purposes; to the Com­ Page 5, immediately after line 21, add t he mittee on Rules. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, following ne,w section: By Mr. UDALL: 52. The SPEAKER presented a petition of "SEc. 113. Notwithstanding any other pro­ H. Res. 327. Resolution to provide that W. T. O'Neill, executive vice president, New­ vision of this Act, 2 per centum of all employees of the House Beauty Shop shall be port News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., amounts authorized to carry out this title subject to the compensation classification Newport News, Va., relative to the cost ac­ shall be available only for making grants to system established by :the House Employees counting standards program, which was re­ States and local governments for projeC/ts Position Classification Act, and fur other ferred jointly, to the Committees on Govern­ for the replacement or reconstruction of purposes; to the Committee on House Ad­ ment Operations, and Banking, Finance and bridges on those highways which are not on ministration. Urban Affairs. any Federal-aid system. For purposes of t his section, the terms 'Federal-aid system' and 'highway' have the meaning given such PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS AMENDMENTS t erms in section 101 of title 23 of the United Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private States Code.". Under clause 6 of rule XXIII, pro­ Page 5, line 14, strike out "113" and insert bills and resolutions were introduced and posed amendments were submitted as "114" . severally referred as follows: follows: Page 5, line 22, strike out "113" and insert By Mr. BRINKLEY: H.R. 11 " 114". H.R. 3986. A bill for the relief of Habiba Page 6, line 6, strike oUit " 113" and insert Saidzada; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HARKIN: "114" . By Mr. D'AMOURS : Page 5, immediately after line 21, add the following new section: · By Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland: H.R. 3987. A bill for the relief of Raymond Page 2, line 23, insert " ( 1) " immediately J. Coughlan; to the Committee on Post "SEc. 113. Notwithstanding any other pro­ vision of this Act, 3 per centum of all before "Notwithstanding". Office and Civil Service. Page 3, line 7, strike out the quotation By Mr. GIBBONS: amounts authorized to carry out this title shall be available only for making grants to marks and the period immediately follow­ H.R. 3988. A bill for the relief of Lt. Col. ing the quotation marks. Frank A. Moorhead; to the Committee on States and local governments for projects the Judiciary. for the replacement or reconstruction of Page 3, immediately af.ter line 7, add the By Mr. LAGOMARSINO: bridges on those highways which are on following: H.R. 3989. A bill for the relief of Robert W. any Federal-aid system. For purposes of this " ( 2) Notwithstanding any other provision Patterson; to the Committee on the Judi­ section, the terms 'Federal-aid system' and of law, no grant shall be made under this ciary. 'highway' have the meaning given such terms Act for any local public works project un­ H.R. 3990. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Fran­ in section 101 of title 23, United States Code. less at least 10 per centum of the articles, ces Parker; to the Committee on the Judi­ Page 5, line 14, strike out "113" and in­ materials, and supplies which will be u sed ciary. sert "114". in such project are procured from minority By Mr. LEGGETT: Page 5, line 22, strike out "113" and insert business enterprises. For purposes of this H.R. 3991. A bill for the relief of James "114" . paragraph, the term 'minority business en­ U. Rollins; to the Committee on the Judi­ Page 6, line 6, strike out "113" and insert terprise' means a business at least 50 per­ ciary. "114". cent of which is owned by minority group By Mr. LUJAN: By Mr. KINDNESS: members or, iri case of publicly owned busi­ H.R. 3992. A bill for the relief of Cesar Page 3, strike out lines 8 through 20, in­ nesses, at least 51 percent of the stock of Grana; to the Committee on the Judiciary. clusive, and insert in lieu thereof the fol­ which is owned by minority group members. By Mr. STAGGERS: lowing: For the purposes of the preceding sentence, H.R. 3993. A bill for the relief of John G. SEc. 2. (a) Subsection (a) of section 108 minori1ty group members are citizens of the Davis; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of the Local Public Works Capital Develop­ United States who are Negroes, Spanish­ By Mr. WIGGINS: ment and Investment Act of ·1976 (P.L. 94- speaking, Orientals, Indians, Eskimos, and H .R. 3994. A bill for the relief of Charles 369) is amended to read as follows: Aleuts.". EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS CONGRESSIONAL RURAL CAUCUS the ability of the private jobs sector to creases under Farmers Home Adminis­ EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PRO­ support it, including the time element tration and Small Business Administra­ POSES $16.4 BILLION RURAL DE­ for such support. In this context, the fate tion, where applicable, making available VELOPMENT BUDGET FOR FIS­ of the private jobs sector will depend financial resources to accommodate cred­ CAL YEAR 1978 on the impact of programs envisioned by it needs. It also stimulates the economy and for the public jobs sector, because with protection of existing jobs plus the the private jobs sector must provide the creation of new and additional jobs, re­ HON. JOHN BRECKINRIDGE tax base and tax revenues for the finan­ sulting in tax revenues from wages and OF KENTUCKY cial support of such programs. salaries as well as profita-bility potential IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES As chairman of the bipartisan con­ for farm and nonfarm enterprises. gressional rural caucus, I respectfully The full implementation of these fi­ Tuesday, February 22, 1977 submit a report on CRC budget pro­ nancial resources to meet such credit Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Mr. Speaker, posals for selected rural loan, grant, and needs is of the utmost importance to our "underemployment and unemployment," special programs for fiscal year 1978, to­ farmers, nonfarmers, and our Nation. It "deficit spending and economic stimu­ taling $16.4 billion which call for the creates jobs at a profit to the taxpayer lus," "job creation," and other words and maximum utilization of already existing without deficit financing and utilizes ex­ phrases continue to frustrate the best and proven loan and grant programs un­ isting and experienced Federal and pri­ intentions of everyone concerned with der Farmers Home Administration and vate resources, already in place, through­ solutions to adverse economic conditions. Small Business Administration. The out the country in urban as well as rural The success or failure of any public semifinal CRC report recorrunends farm areas. jobs program will ultimately depend on and nonfarm lending authorization in- This proposed $16.4 billion program, February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF R·EMARKS 5107 which might well produce in the neigh­ scs loans (P.L. 83-566, Sec. 8) (P.L. the Budget, "Views and estimates on the con­ borhood of 2 to 3 million private sector 87-703, Sec. 102)------30 gressional budget for fiscal year 1977" March jobs, is more than 95 percent privately, ' Indian tribal land acquisition loans 22, 1976, page 45-and in testimony before (306) ------11 the House Small Business Committee-Hear­ nontax dollar funded. Recreation loans (304) ------5 ings before the Subcommittee on SBA Over­ In behalf of the CRC Executive Com­ sight and Minority Enterprise of the Com­ mittee, the report follows. Total farmer program loans ____ 2, 316 mittee on Small Business", March 4, and Subject Report on semi-final CRC budget April 1, 1976, page 20-I noted the jobs crea­ tion effect of expanding the loan authority proposals for selected rural loan, grant, HOUSING PROGRAM LOAN AUTHORIZATION LEVELS and special programs for fiscal year 1978. of the SBA and the FmHA. Since that time (HOUSING ACT OF 1 94 9) I have, with the assistance of the Economic From Congressman · John B. Breckinridge, Low income housing loans (502) ------3, 000 Chairman. (225-4706) Moderate income housing loans (502) __ 2, 000 Division of the Congressional Research Serv­ Contact Frank G. Tsutras. (225-5080) ive, explored these programs extensively-es­ Above moderate income housing loans pecially their relation to the problem areas The CRC Executive Committee released its ( 502) (Guaranteed)------­ 500 semifinal CRC budget proposals for selected of employment and inflation. The extent of Rental housing loans (515} ------­ 1,000 their present and potential cost and benefits rural loan, grant, and special programs for Farm labor housing loans (514) ------­ 25 fiscal year 1978 which include recommenda­ to the American taxpayer appears below. Housing repair loans and other ( 504) _ 20 In 1976 the SBA loaned approximately $2 tions for selected Farmers Home Administra­ Mutual and self help housing site loans tion program funding levels of $557 m1llion billion to various enterprises throughout the and technical assistance (523) -----­ 10 Nation, creating approximately 288,000 jobs for grant appropriations and $15.9 million Site loans (524) ------­ 5 for loan level authorizations by the appro­ in the private sector. SEA's 4,200 employees Mobile park loans (527) ------­ 2 cost the taxpayers approximately $200 mil­ priations committees, totaling $16.4 billion. Predevelopment loans (525b} ------3 The proposed $557 million grant appropria­ lion in administrative coets. Based on SBA's tions include $85 million for rural housing Total housing program loans ___ 6, 656 5 percent loan loss ratio-$2 billion times 5 programs, $397 million for community pro­ percent-$100 million will not be recovered. grams, and $75 million for business and in­ Thus $1.9 billion will be repaid to the tax­ COMMUNITY PROGRAM LOAN AUTHORIZATION payers with principal and interest. The es­ dustrial programs, all of which are appro­ LEVELS priated items. timated 288,000 SBA jobs created in the pri­ Water and waste disposal loans (306) _ 3, 000 vate sector cost approximately $200 million Housing program grants-Housing Act of Community facility loans (306) ______1, 000 for administration and $100 m1llion for loan 1949 losses, for a total cost of $300 million. [In m1llions] Total community program loans_ 4, 000 Because these estimated 288,000 jobs are private sector jobs-that pay rather than ab­ Farm labor housing grants (516) ------$25 The existing authorities for the Secretary Housing repair grants (504) ------20 sorb taxes-my task force estimates that the. of Agriculture constitute one of the most ef­ total benefit to the taxpayer is as follows: Mutual and self help housing site grants fective, economical, and beneficial ways to and technical assistance (523) ------10 alleviate and eliminate underemployment 1976 tax revenue and savings for 288,000 Housing research grants (506) ------10 and unemployment in rural areas, providing SBA program-created jobs Rent su:lplements (521) ------15 a much-needed job-creation stimulus for Technical assistance grants (525) ------5 farm and nonfarm stable employment, in­ cluding the rural disadvantaged. These pro­ Per job Total Total housing program grants____ 85 posals can also save the lives of many farm and nonfarm operations currently facing Federal individual income COMMUNITY PROGRAM GRANTS disastrous financial crisis or possible bank­ tax ------$2,300 1 $662 Water and waste disposal planning ruptcy for reasons beyond their control. Federal corporation tax____ 1, 134 326 grants (306) ------30 The CRC report recommends that Federal Federal welfare savings____ 2, 500 720 Water and waste disposal development agencies with established and proven loan State and local tax______2, 114 609 grants (306)------300 programs should place greater responsibility Rural community fire protection grants on the supervised financial institution with Total ------8,048 2,317 (title IV RDA) ------7 the major portion of the loans consummated. Rural development planning grants Such authority shall be a discriminate au­ . (306) ------10 thority to approve loans on an automatic 1 In thousands. Pollution abatement project grants or semiautomatic basis by those banks which Simply stated, the total $2.3 billion in bene­ (310b) ------50 exercise good credit and judgment and main­ fits, less the $300 million in SEA costs, tain satisfactory records of loan repayment. leaves a total net benefit of $2 billion to the Total community program grants_ 397 This would eliminate the heavy burden of taxpayers thereafter; for every taxpayer's unnecessary paperwork and detailed analysis. dollar put out by SBA, the taxpayers re­ BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIAL PROGRAM GRANTS_ The potential for job-creation and jobs­ ceive a return of seven dollars, or $1 cost Rural development grants (310B) ______50 saved could total hundreds of thousands, re­ for $7 benefits received. Small enterprise pollution abatement sulting from a major injection and avail­ It is significant to note that with 9 million grants (312)------25 ab111ty of private capital in the form of Fed­ small businesses in the United States, the eral guaranteed and insured loans and a SEA was only able to help less than 30,000. Total business and industrial small Federal grant resource. Of the 370,000 new businesses incorporated This program w111 significantly alleviate in 1976, SEA will only be able to help 8,000. grants ------75 the urban underemployment and unemploy­ Many of these are in small towns and rural ment problems by creating jobs in rural communities as well as center cities. Ob­ The proposed $15.9 billion loan a~thoriza­ areas and decreasing rural migration to the viously, the demand is there for a major ex­ tion levels include $2.3 b11lion for farmer cities in search of employment. pansion of the FmHA and the SBA programs. programs, $6.6 billion for rural housing pro­ The CRC proposals supplement existing The major advantage in the expansion of grams, $4.0 billion for rural community pro­ authorities available to the Secretary of Ag­ FmHA and SEA programs is that they are grams, and $3.0 billion for rural business and riculture under title VI of the Rural Devel­ not pilot programs. They are highly success­ industrial programs, which do not directly opment Act to bring together the full re­ ful existing programs which are known to add to Federal budget outlays inasmuch as, sources of the executive branch to stimulate the President, Congress, and the business with the exception of interest subsidies and the economy by planning for and providing and financial communities. By merely in­ losses, insured loans do not add directly thousands of jobs in the construction of creasing the current average loan from $100,- to budget outlays. These loans are resold needed community, water and waste disposal 000 to $1 million SBA could increase the through the Federal Financing Bank, and facilities; new farm and nonfarm enter­ number of jobs ten fold without adding a guaranteed loans do not appear in the Fed­ prises; the practical renovation and new con­ single new SBA employee. Especially impor­ eral budget except as losses occur-so-called struction of housing; and, above all, the ad­ tant is the fact that by using existing FmHA subisidies/losses are offset by 100 percent vice, counsel, and financial assistance to keep and SBA offices the towns, cities, counties, return on investment. existing farm and nonfarm enterprises from states, and regions of high unemployment Farmer program loan authorization levels bankruptcy. . could be targeted for their share of the in­ [In millions] The Congress, the President, and the Cabi­ creased employment activity. Every single net should expand the FmHA business and new or expanding business enterprise in pri­ Emergency loans (321} (Can be in- industrial loan programs and the Small Busi­ vate sector employment would be reducing creased as required)------­ 200 ness Administration programs to reflect the inflation by increasing competition, inven­ Farm ownership loans (303) ------­ 1,000 following data. tion, innovation, and aggressive pricing-the Operating loans (311) ------­ 1,000 In my March, 1976 separate views to the basic philosophy of our patent and antitrust Soil and water loans (304) ------­ 60 House agriculture budget--House of Repre­ laws. Grazing loans (306) ------10 sentatives committee print, Committee on The CRC Executive Committee has mailed CXXIII--322-Part 4 5108 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 19.77 over 500 copies of the semifinal CRC budget Osborne Hudson, S.r ., of Orangeburg taining and sustaining it in his everyday life report to and discussed same with the CRC passed away. He was not only quite sue-. by his actions. members, the CRC advisory team, the chair-. Our sympathy goes to the widow and two men and all members of selected congres­ cessful in business but also thoughtful of sons, E.O. Hudson Jr., vice president of the sional committees and subcomittees, the the needs of others, generous in the sup­ Belk Hudson group, and the Rev. Thomas F . congressional leadership, the President and port of worthy causes. He enjoyed the Hudson, Priest of the Good Sheppard Episco­ Vice President, the executive branch, and esteem and respect of all who knew him. pal Church in York, S.C. farm and nonfarm agricultural and rural I am pleased to say that he was a valued development resources nationally. This is friend of mine. part of the overall coordination and com­ E. 0. Hudson's example is worthy of CONGRESSMAN EDGAR'S TESTI­ munication policy of the CRC Executive emulation by all of us and it was quite MONY ON THE NATIONAL MASS Committee. Consideration, comment, modi­ TRANSPORTATION ASSISTANCE fication, and/ or approval has been requested fitting that his hometown paper, the from each recipient of the report. Times and Democrat, should devote a ACT The CRC Executive Committee is actively lead editorial in tribute to his life and arranging for participation in selected con­ works. I commend the editorial to my HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR gressional committee and subcommittee colleagues and am pleased to include it hearings to discuss the proposed rural de­ at this point in the RECORD: OF PENNSYLVANIA velopment budget report for fiscal year 1978. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hearings are scheduled for 3, 4, and 5 March E. 0. HUDSON SR. to accommodate the requirements of the Edward Osborne Hudson Sr. was a man of Wednesday, February 23, 1977 Congressional Budget and Impoundment the "old school." Even on the day of his Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, I testified Control Act. death, Monday, this enormously successful this morning before the Senate Subcom­ On 7, 8, and 9 March 1977, the House Com­ businessman, was on the job working be­ mittee on Housing and Urban Develop­ mittee on Agriculture wm convene budget cause he never forgot the values taught him task force groups to discuss budget r..eeds as a youth: honesty, integrity and hard work. ment on S. 208, the National Mass for fiscal year 1978. His great success in the mercantile field Transportation Assistance Act of 1977, The House Committee on Agriculture has throughout the southeastern United States introduced by Senator WILLIAMS. I would scheduled a full committee business meet­ never overshadowed his memory of how he like to share my prepared remarks with ing for 10 March 1977, 10 a.m., 1301 Long­ began the Belk Hudson chain in 1931 from a those of my colleagues who are concerned worth Building, to discuss budget recom­ small store on Orangeburg's Russell St. about the future of transportation in mendations for fiscal year 1978 to the House Forty-five years later, that Russell St. store this Nation: Committee on the Budget. is marked as the birthplace of the Belk Hud­ Please let us have your comments as soon son chain of 20 stores in South Carolina, TESTIMONY BY CONGRESSMAN ROBERT W. EDGAR as possible. North Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Mr. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased and honored Thank you. Hudson had five employes on opening day in to be the first witness before this Subcom­ For every taxpayer's dollar put out 1931. At the time of his death there were 630 mittee to discuss some thoughts on the re­ by the Farmers Home Administration persons in four states in his employment. form of transportation policy. I commend It must not be said that Mr. Hudson, the Subcommittee for recognizing the im­ and the SBA, the taxpayers receive a $7 known to all as "E.O.", did not appreciate portance of quick consideration of 'the many return, or $1 cost for $7 benefits received what he had accomplished. Far from it. He reforms suggested by Senator Williams in in the first year and, hopefully, the num­ knew exactly what value should be placed S. 208, the "National Mass Transportation ber of jobs, tax base and revenue will upon accomplishment, and always kept in Assistance Act of 1977." I testify as a sup­ increase in subsequent years. mind that accomplishment preceded value; porter of many of the provisions of S. 208, The major advantage in the expansion and to that end, he went to great lengths and I hope to work on behalf of these ideas of FmHA and SBA programs lies in the to ensure that in his dealings with the com­ as a member of the Surface Transportation fact that they are not pilot programs, munities in which his businesses were lo­ Subcommittee of the House Public Works cated, E.O. Hudson gave as well as he and Transportation Committee. but rather highly successful existing received. programs which are familiar to the Before making specific comments on s. Orangeburg is one of the great benefici­ 208, let me state my hope that this Congress President, Congress, the business and aries of E.O. Hudson. He was one of the will begin the arduous process of reviewing the financial communities. Mathemati­ builders of retail Orangeburg. His three all Federal transportation statutes with a cally, by merely increasing SBA ceilings stores in this city, two in the center city view toward developing comprehensive poli­ to $20 billion, SBA could increase the business area and one at the Orangeburg cies to address the needs of Intercity Trans­ number of jobs tenfold without adding Mall, remain as testimony to his progressive portation, Rural Transportation, and Urban a single new SBA employee, which would thinkings and abilities. Transportation. mean approximately 3 million new pri­ Mr. Hudson had great faith in Orangeburg. I prefer this coordinated and comprehen­ In t-he late 1950s and early '60s when Orange­ sive approach over the past practice of de­ vate sector jobs. One caveat that should burg's main avenue of retail traffic was dot­ be included here is that, under the pro­ veloping one law for one mode of transpor­ ted with vacant stores, Belk Hudson's store tation, and a separate law for another mode posal, SBA and FmHA loan standards was expanded and remodeled. Mr. Hudson of transportation. I hope we will steer clear would remain just as strict as they now often said "Our day is just around the cor­ of developing a long-run "transit policy." are, insuring a healthy loan-loss ratio at ner." He was right, so right that a few years Rather, I would prefer to see the Congress or near its present figure. later he opened second and third stores in Orange burg. develop a comprehensive set of amendments Especially important is the fact that It is a good bet that on the day E.O. Hud­ to implement a long-run "urban transpor­ by using existing FmHA and SBA offices, son died he had devoted some thoughts to tation ROlley." the towns, cities, counties and regions the opening or expansion of a store. He was S. 208 is a mass transportation assistance always planning ahead. bill and thus deviates from the direction I of high unemployment could be targeted would like to see the Congress take. How­ for an equitable share of increased em- 1 From modest offices on Amelia St. in the shadows of his st111 operating initial Russell ever, this bill addresses an immediate need­ ployment activity. Every single new or the need for increased transit capital spend­ expanding business enterprise in private St. store, Mr. Hudson made the key decisions for his 20 stores. One could learn a great les­ ing in fiscal year 1978-and thus it is essen­ employment would be reducing inflation son in retailing by watching him at work in tial that it be considered now rather than by increasing competition. invention, in­ his office. Charts, statistics and other graphic postponed until Congress gets around to the novation and agg.ressive pricing-the data were in profusion as always well­ framing of a more comprehensive bill. basic philosophy of our patent and anti­ groomed, blue-suited, unlit cigar-chewing Because I recognize the need for immedi­ trust laws. E.O. Hudson ran his prosperous chain of ate action, I hope this Subcommittee will re­ stores. port some kind of transit assistance bill Mr. Hudson kept a lively interest in higher soon. I do, however, recommend against mak­ EDWARD 0. HUDSON, SR. education, contributing large sums of money ing long-run extensions of urban mass trans­ to Columbia College, an institution sup­ portation programs, and suggest that S. 208 ported by the United Methodist Church of be amended to authorize programs through HON. FLOYD SPENCE which Hudson was a dedicated mern.ber. Co­ FY 1979, and not beyond. Passage of this bill should not detract from efforts to devel­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA lumbia College recognized his generous sup­ port of the college in September 1974, when op a more comprehensive urban transpor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a dormitory was named "Hudson Hall." The tation policy. Thursday, February 24, 1977 recognition was not only for Mr. Hudson, but What S. 208 should do, and must do, is also for his wife, Lillian, who has served the allow the Secretary of Transportation to con­ Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, earlier this college for a number of years as a member tinue making obligations under the Section month, on February 7, South Carolina of its board of trustees. 3 program at a reasonable rate ..If the Secre­ lost an outstanding citizen, a dedicated He was a man who kept alive his faith in tary is not given additional authority, he civic and business leader, when Edward God, not wearing 1t on his sleeve, but main- will be unable to make commitments for February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5109 new starts on major transit project s, and visions under Section 5, few transit opera­ projects, but the funds have never been he may be unable to consummate commit­ tors have developed the kind of predictable appropriated. ments already made. local funding base that is necessary for the On January 4th, I introduced H.R. 869 to My concern is that the Section 3 program effective planning and operation of transit provide a stable and adequate source of fund­ should continue rather than slow down. services. ing for ridesharing. The bill, the "Federal-Aid In t he Philadelphia urbanized area, in which (4) Section 8 of S. 108 amends·Section 12 to Ridesharlng Act of 1977," also articulates my Congressional district is found, there is of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of a national ridesharing policy, and consoli­ a tremendous need for capital improvements 19134 to permit the funding of project design dates Federal ridesharing activities under one above and beyond those which have already and engineering work under Section 3. This roof within the Urban Mass Transportation been funded under the Section 3 program. change is extremely important and will en­ Administration. Twenty-one Members of the Most important to our area is a proposed able states and local public bodies to develop House of Representatives have cosponsored fixed-transit revitalization program that will better project proposals and capital improve­ this legislation. But until legislation such as cost somewhere between $400 and $800 mil­ ment programs. I would also specify under H.R. 869 is enacted, there needs to be a lion. This is not a grandiose program for new this section, that "Environmental Impact source of funding which existing programs subway lines. It is a program to keep what Studies" are eligible activities under Section can turn to when their demonstration grants we hav~ from falling apart. The need will 3, so that future projects are not delayed be­ are exhausted, and a source of funding for not go away. It will only grow worse with cause of inadequate funding for these new programs to tap other than highway inattention. analyses. funds which, in most cases, have already Other large metropolitan areas have sim­ (5) I would like to suggest a clarification of been earmarked for highways. ilar needs. And, of course, many areas can eligible activities under Section 5. I believe Mr. Chairman, attached to my statements justify the construction of new systems but that the Urban Mass Transportation Act is an appendix describing commuter van­ cannot move forward without partial Fed­ of 1964 should be amended to specify that pooling and its many benefits. eral funding. I am sure that the Subcommit­ vanpooloing, carpooling, dial-a-ride, and (6} I would like to also bring to the atten­ tee will receive testimony from many transit subscription bus service, are eligible activi­ tion of this Subcommittee an amendment I operators outlining their needs. The Sub­ ties under these sections. This amendment introduced to H.R. 3155 last year which my committee will also receive testimony from would be consistent with the UMTA proposed committee colleagues and I believe has merit. the American Public Transit Association, policy statement published October 20, 1976, The amendment authorizes a study of the which has examined the current Section 3 entitled "Paratransit Services." The state­ transportation component of social service program and has found disturbing evidence ment proposes Section 3 and Section 5 for programs by the Department of Transporta­ that the program has bankrupted the Urban paratransit modes. I agree with the state­ tion. Recommendations would be sent to the Mass Transportation Fund well ahead of ment articulated in the proposed policy Congress based on the study, to centralize, schedule. that- consolidate, or modify these programs to Rather than duplicate testimony you w111 " ... paratransit-fl.exible, collective trans­ make the delivery of transportation more receive later this week, I will offer some ape­ portation services, operated publicly or pri­ efficient and cost-effective. · cific suggestions on S. 208: vately and using small or intermediate-sized The amendment received favorable com­ ( 1) As mentioned previously, I wo""Jld vehicles--has an important role to play in ment from former DOT Secretary William change Section 3 of S. 208 to provide the such a unified transportation system. Its Coleman, and was approved bv the Surface Section 3 program with a two year authori­ various forms, when properly designed and Transportation Subcommittee. The 94th Con­ zation of $4 billion-$1.9 billion for FY implemented as part of an areawide trans­ gress adjourned before action on the legis­ 1978, and $2.1 billion for FY 1979. Hopefully, portation plan, can satisfy a wide range of lation could be completed. a comprehensive urban transportation bill transportation needs that would otherwise developed by this Congress will address the remain unmet or provided for less effectively. This amendment has been applauded by In rural America, in small towns and in sub­ many organizations who are committed to question of extending the Section 3 program improving social service transportation for into the 1980's. urban communities where population den­ sities are low and travel patterns diffuse, our citizens. Many of the ideals of H.~. 3155 (2) Section 5 of S. 208 extends the Section are embodied in section 11 of S. 208, and I 5 program to September 30, 1982. So as not paratransit will often be the most economi­ cal form of local public transportation. In feel it would be very appropriate and desir­ to interfere with our options in developing a able for the Subcommittee to include the more comprehensive operating assistance many communities large and small, para­ transit can offer the best means of serving language of this amendment in this bill. policy later this session, I would recom­ Mr. Chairman, I am inserting the text of mend that the current Section 5 authori­ the needs of elderly, young, and handicapped persons, and those who do not own cars and the amendment at this point in my state­ zations, which extend to FY 1980, stand. ment: (3) I agree with the premise of S. 208 that have no convenient access to regular public transportation ..." "STUDY OF FEDERAL SOCIAL SERVICE a separate pool of Section 5 funds should TRANSPORTATION be available to the Secretary of Transporta­ There are exciting and innovative forms of tion for disbursement to areas which have a transportation which are bridging the gap "SEc. -. The Secretary of Transportation particularly intense need for additional op­ between private transportation and public . is authorized to study the transportation mass transportation. These new modes, are component of those Federal programs and erating assistance. Among other things, Sec­ being categorized as "paratransit", and in­ tion 5 of S. 208 will permit the Secretary. to projects providing social services. Upon com­ channel additional operating assistance to clude commuter ridesharing, in its forms of pletion of such study, the Secretary shall pro­ areas hard hit by the withdrawal of Federal carpooling, vanpooling, and buspooling; dial­ pose a plan to centralize or modi·fY the trans­ subsidies to Conrail under Section 17 of the a-ride; and jitney service. In general, they portation component of S\lCh Federal pro­ are very flexible and cost-effective. In the grams and projects to make the delivery of Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964. case of commuter vanpooling, programs are However, I disagree with the concept of transportation services financed by Federal paying for themselves out of participant funds, in whole or in part, more efficient, giving the Secretary complete discretion to fees. Already, over 800 commuter vans are allocate this additional Section 5 assistance more cost-effective, and to avoid duplication operating. Van manufacturers are having a of services by furthering cooperation among as he chooses. Every urban area in the na­ difficult time coping with the heavy demand tion will likely descend on the Department all Federal departments and agencies with for vehicles. The Commuter Computer pro­ jurisdiction over such transportation serv­ of Transportation, cup in hand, to get a gram in Los Angeles, for example, operates piece of the action. ices. On or before --, the Secretary shall 70 vans. They have 200 vans on order. report to the Congress such study, together I propose that Section 5 of S. 208 be Unfortunately, there are many obstacles with legislative and administrative 'l"ecom­ amended to instruct the Secretary to allocate in the way of expanded reliance upon para­ mendations, and additional reports and com­ these additional Section 5 funds to each transit. There are problems with over-regu­ ments as the Secretary deems appropriate." urban area on the basis of a formula, which lation, unavailability of insurance, and over­ Mr. Chairman, I once again wish to thank the Secretary would devise, based on passen­ strict labor standards. But perhaps the larg­ you and the Subcommittee for inviting me ger miles of public transportation service, est barrier to the introduction of successful to testify on this important legislation, and and such other factors as he feels appropri­ paratr!msit programs is financial. Although ate. I believe that we would be doing the I am pleased to respond to any questions you a typical program requires only meager or the other Members wish to ask. Secretary a favor by constricting his options funding for start-up and operation, federal slightly as far as this new authorization is funding is presently inadequate. Other than APPENDIX concerned. revenue sharing, the only funding available For the benefit of Members en the Com­ I also believe that any assistance offerad for vanpooling programs are from state high­ mittee who may be unaware just wb at com­ under this section of S. 208 should be offered way apportionments. Many states do not muter vanpooling is and what its benefits only on the understanding that the recipient take advantage of this opportunity. In the are, I would like to use this appendix to d is­ urban area is making reasonable progress in first two years that this funding source was cuss it. developing improved state and local funding available, $10 million was set aside by 28 The commuter vanpool program was pio­ sources to underwrite transit operating defi­ states and Puerto Rico for carpool demon­ neered by the 3-M Company in April, 1973. cits. The Secretary should be authorized to stration projects. Under the new highway In ~. typical employer-sponsored program, the use the leverage of Federal grants approval legislation, these funds can now be used for employer purchases vans and arranges fer an in getting each urban area to develop a pr~­ vanpooling projects. There has been much employee driver to manage the van's opera­ dictable, permanent state or regional fund­ progress where .funding has been available. tion. Employees are matched to a convenient ing mechanism for transit operations: There is a $7.5 million program authorized van route, and they are transported to and Despite current maintenance of effort pro- for carpooling and vanpooling demonstration from work. The riders are charged a fee based 5110 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 upon the cost of operating and maintaining a poll I took recently of the area I repre­ .special education needs of the commu­ the van, and the vehicle's amortization cost. sent on the questions of unionization of nity, black awareness, and discipline The driver receives a free ride and use of the vehicle on weekends. No subsidies are nec­ the armed services and a return to the problems in the schools. The PTA was essary, unlike conventional forms of mass draft. actively supportive of Head Start and transit. The vanpool is rarely in competition This is a mail poll of 7,000 residents of the Job Corps. with mass transit be·cause the average van­ the district. The results of the latest "In­ To day, all these and new efforts con­ pool trip is nearly 25 miles, nne way. The pri­ stant Poll" showed: tinue to receive backing of firmly com­ vate automobile is usually the only alterna­ Question 1. Do you favor or oppose unioni­ mitted citizens concerned about their tive for vanpool participants and it takes zation of the armed services? little imagination to think of the benefits to Percent children and their community. the company, the participants and the public Mr. Speaker, the members of the Bat­ Favor ------4 tle Creek PTA/PTSA have every right in general. Oppose ------95 According to the Federal Energy Adminis­ Undecided ------1 to be proud of their 60 years of service tration, each of the 800 commuter vans cur­ Question 2. Would you favor or oppose re­ to the community, as do PTA members rently operating saves an average of 5,000 instituting the military draft? everywhere. The occasion reminps us all gallons of gasoline each year. Twenty-seven Percent that it is just such commitment that percent of commuters travel more than ten miles to work one-way. Yet this sma.ll seg­ Favor ------69 makes our communities and our Nation ment accounts for 68 percent of vehicle miles Oppose ------28 great. traveled, according to FEA statistics. It is Undecided ------3 clear to me that paratransit modes can play Mr. Speaker, on the second question I a constructive role in reducing vehicle miles would note for my colleagues that a re­ traveled by raising the average vehicle oc­ VETERANS' PENSIONS cupancy. We in government must be very sen­ cent Gallup poll showed two-thirds of sitive to any innovations which can reduce the respondents favored a universal our dependence upon foreign imports. Trans­ 1-year public service commitment by all HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG portation has historically been very energy­ young men and women, which was also inetHcient. I am convinced that paratransit in mentioned by many citizens responding OF FLORIDA general, and commuter vanpooling in partic­ in favor to my poll. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ular, can make significant contributions to Wednesday, February 23, 1977 diminishing our energy dependence. There are numerous other benefits. Air Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, quality could be improved if commuters on January 4, I introduced H.R. 1385, abandoned their cars for the vanpool. On the THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF BATTLE a bill to prevent veterans' pensions from average, each commuter van reduces carbon CREEK PTA/PTSA monoxide emissions by 16 tons each year, being reduced and sometimes eliminated and hydroca,rbon emissions by .2 tons each because of increased social security ben­ year, according to the Environmental Protec­ efits. I have introduced the same bill in tion Agency. Ridesharing plans may be a HON. GARRY BROWN previous years, and am hopeful that the component of State Implementation Plans OF MICHIGAN House Veterans' Affairs Committee will which are required under the Clean Air Act. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES soon take the necessary steps to alleviate In Boston, EPA has required employers in the Wednesday, February 23, 1977 this unjust situation. Although the plight metropolitan area with over 1,000 employees of our Nation's veterans, retired on fixed to publicize the benefits of vanpooling, a.nd Mr. BROWN of Michigan. Mr. Speak­ initiate a program for employees who are m­ incomes, is a nationwide problem, I a,m terested in participating in a program. er, the Battle Creek Council of Parents kept more aware of the immediacy of the Tratfic congestion can be reduced signifi­ and Teachers; and the Parents, Teach­ problem, because my district of Florida cantly when each va.n replaces six auto­ ers, and Students Association are cele­ is attractive to retired Americans from mobiles. Over $7 million in road construction brating their 60th anniversary this week. all over the country, including many, costs are being saved because an aggressive As you know, the National Parent many veterans. I would like to quote for vanpool program in the State of Tennessee Teachers Association holds the distinc­ you from just three of several hundred has allowed a two lane highway to a nuclear tion of being the world's largest volun­ letters I received from people in my dis­ plant site to substitute for a four lane high­ teer organization. Its members demon­ way. trict following the distribution of veter­ Participating employers are finding that strate a strong, active commitment to ans' pension checks in January. they don't need to build as many parking • the betterment cf their own communi­ spaces when their employers are vanpooling. ties, and the opportunities of their chil­ A veteran's widow wrote: They also report that their labor pool is in­ dren. When my husband passed away, I was creased, because workers without personal The accomplishments of the Battle awarded $60 per month. Since, I have been vehicles who live in remote areas can con­ Creek PTA/PTSA testify to this com­ cut gradually each year. In 1976 I was down veniently be transported to work. mitment and the contribution that PTA to $20.40, and this year it is only $10.90. V.A. Some vanpoolers are motivated by the and S.S. are my only sources of income. I idealism of saving energy, reducing pollution members everywhere are making. At the have no home of my own and no other in­ load, and relieving tratfic congestion. But same time, they indicate the changing come. I am 81 years old, and in need of med­ most are attracted to the significant savings nature of the community's experiences ical care. I have no immediate family, and on commuter costs which they experience by and needs over the years. I am practically blind, and unable to do any sharing the ride. Participants in a 9 person Early efforts of the Battle Creek PTA sort of work. I have worked and paid taxes commuter vanpool can reduce their monthly focused on child welfare and clothing all my life. It just isn't fair. commuting costs from $136.65 to $39.87 for for needy children. There was also an A veteran told me: a. 60-mile round trip to work, according to emphasis placed on passing school bond the FEA. This is almost $1,100 each year in At an age approaching 81 years, one would savings, which represents a much greater issues. In the twenties work was directed think Congress could show compassion . . . stimulation of our economy by each person toward support of health clinics and We certainly do not want what is termed a than a. $50 tax rebate, considering that the study groups. "hand out", nor do we wish to be considered commuter's saving is mostly OPEC's loss. In the mid-thirties, citizens developed welfare cases, for we, at the time our country needed Help, we volunteered our services, diphtheria immunization programs, ac­ and in return, we Veterans are entitled t o at tively supported establishment of better least a fair shake in the matter of ou r pen­ TWELFTH DISTRICT CITIZENS OP­ safety standards in schools, and encour­ sions. POSE ARMED SERVICE UNIONIZA­ aged development of recreational facili­ TION-FAVOR THE MILITARY ties. Another veteran said: DRAFT The forties saw the development of I need that $96! I am a cancer victim, in advisory councils to aid the Board of and out of VA hospitals for operations. I am blind in one eye. My wife is bedridden, a Education. In the fifties, formation of stroke victim. I am not able to take care .>f HON. JOHN P. MURTHA adult education programs, establishment her. Our expenses per month exceed -our So­ OF PENNSYLVANIA of scholarship funds and vocational cial Security checks and $53.50 VA pension. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES training were focal points for PTA efforts. Frustration, a iack of understanding Wednesday, February 23, 1977 The sixties brought confrontation with of the system, and the general cry, "It Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, I want to drug abuse in younger children. The citi­ just is not fair" are the underlying share with my colleagues the results of zens also directed their energies to the themes of every letter I receive from re- February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5111 tired veterans who have had their VA BUSINESS WEEK ARTICLE DE­ PEER PRESSURE pensions reduced when their social secu­ SCRIBES BENEFITS OF COM­ Continental Oil Co .. in Houston, which in rity pensions have been increased, and MUTER VANPOOLING two years has organized 11 employee van frankly, I share their feelings. Why is pools in seven states, says the pools have Congress so slow to act and react to the cut both tardiness and one-day absences. "If overwhelming needs of this particular HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR you have a hangover or are just sleepy you OF PENNSYLVANIA might ordinarily call in sick," says William group of people? What is the object of Fortune, the company's director of special doling out larger sums of social security IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES projects. "But in a van, the 11 other passen­ to these people, in an effort to help keep Wednesday, February 23, 1977 gers would kid you the next morning. Peer their standard of living above the pov­ pressure m.akes you come to work." Conoco erty level and to keep abreast, somewhat, Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, the latest hopes to double its 54-van fleet this year, of the rising costs of their living ~x­ issue of Business Week contains a stimu­ and it may accept noncompany riders as an penses, if we direct the hand of the Vet­ lating and provocative article on com­ environmental gesture. erans' Administration to reach down into muter vanpooling, an innovative trans­ Best of all, van pooling pays for itself­ portation mode which is saving energy, in striking contrast to the nation's debt­ their only other pocket and pick from it ridden public transit systexns. Unpaid drivers a vital part of their livelihood? reducing pollution load, relieving traffic congestion, and saving thousands of dol­ are the key to van poolings financial success. H.R. 1385 is a very simple bill. It 'Says A 37-van pool that Chrysler Corp. launched that recipients of veterans pensions and lars for participants. last June for Detroit-area employees is typi­ compensation funds are not to be penal­ I introduced on January 4, H.R. 869, cal: The monthly riders' fee of $21.50 to ized by increases in monthly social secu­ the Federal-aid to Ridesharing Act of $39.50- the latter for a 100-mi. round trip­ rity benefits. It requires no great amount 1977, to promote activities such as those allows each 12-passenger van to break even of time or study by the committee to described in this article. I believe that with nine riders. Chrysler splits the 11th and understand it. It does require some com­ it merits the attention of all of my col­ 12th fares with the volunteer driver, who leagues, and I insert it at this point for rides free and can use the van on weekends­ passion for older Americans who have although he must also keep it clean and tidy. served their country and who now need the RECORD: CoMMUTER VA.NS CATCH ON AT CORPORATIONS As an extra incentive for car-loving Los our help to live decent lives. Lets not Angeles communters, some corporate backers make them wait any longer. I urge all A new type of mass transit network is of the city's new multicompany program are Members of this House to acknowledge quietly taking root around the U.S. Unlike subsidizing employees who participate, this problem. To take seriously and per­ the space-age systems proposed for many AROO, for example, pays $15 to $22 of each cities in recent years, it is based on a mun­ fare-but still saves money because it would sonally into account the enormity of this dane vehicle: the small 10- or 12-passenger problem and to rea.ct, by making every otherwise give each employee a parking space van. A growinr.s number of companies and worth $25. effort to untie H.R. 1385 from whatever groups are setting up fleets of such vans to GOING PUBLIC redtape may be impeding its progress haul employees-and in some cases the gen­ through the legislative process. eral public-to and from work. Despite the The Los Angeles program is one of the few pedestrian image of such an approach, tran­ that is open to all comers. Program coordina­ sit planners are beginning to think "van tors, backed by the mayor's office, use slide EITHER COLD OR HUNGRY IS pooling," as it is called, offers major hope shows to proselytize management and em­ PLIGHT OF MANY AMERICANS for unsnarling the tanr.sle of urban trans­ ployees at local companies. Only a few com­ portation. panies, including International Business Ma­ chines Corp., refuse to cooperate. ("We do Van pooling's most significant test is not allow outside solicitation of our employ­ Hon. Theodore M. (Ted) Risenhoover shaping up in Los Angeles, where a program ees," says an IBM spokesman.) Riders cur­ OF OKLAHOMA that will soon be the nation's biggest got rently signed up work for 287 businesses. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES under way last month. And the concept's Companies elsewhere in the country are also future seems assured if van pools can lure considering "going public" to make van pool­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 commuters in auto-happy Los Anr.seles to ing a genuine mass transit system. For them, Mr. RISENHOOVER. Mr. Speaker, leave their cars at home. the Los Angeles experience will be crucial. So far, a surprising number of Angelenos But there are at least two potential road­ right now, while Congress is permitting want to do just that. Seventy vans are al­ itself an automatic pay raise, millions of blocks. One is a shortage of vans: It cur­ ready carrying 700 passengers daily, with rently takes several months to fill large older and less privileged Americans are 2,100 other commuters signed for 200 more orders. The other problem is liability insur­ faced with the choice of spending their vans to be delivered in April. The city's vans ance. Drivers are "risking every cent they've limited funds on either food or fuel­ should be hauling 5,000 people to work by got in lawsuits," claixns Frank Davis, a trans­ being cold or going hungry. yearend and ultimately up to 100,000, fig­ portation specialist at the University of I have introduced legislation to ex­ ures David J. Lester of Atlantic Richfi.eld Co., Tennessee and coordinator of a multicom­ clude Members of Congress from future the program's prime mover. pany van pool in Knoxville. Not even Los Federal pay raises recommended by the A HIGH OLD TIME Angeles' $10 million-per-van insurance is Presidential Commission. If a salary The reason van pooling is catchinr;s on in adequate, he feels, because each van occu­ raise is merited at all, it should be for Los Angeles and elsewhere is that it offers pant injured in an accident could sue for something for everyone. Riders join for com­ that amount. succeeding Congresses-not for the one fort, convenience, and camaraderie. A van Davis has been working with insurers to which is allowing the pay raise to go picks them up at or near their homes and develop a safer approach, possibly obliging through. I believe that this question deposits them at the door of their office the rider to buy his own insurance. The New should be publicly debated in the Halls of building. En route they can read, sip coffee, York-based Insurance Services Office, an auto Congress. chat with a fixed group of neighbors, or insurers' trade group, may soon announce The idea of giving Congressmen eco­ sleep-and many riders bring pillows. In Los a new plan. In a study of 1,000 "vehiSan Francisco peninsula commuters in gress consider these ideas at the same next to Mr. Califano's. The new HEW Secre­ order to drop its deficit-ridden rail service time as the third concurrent resolution tary has at least begun by recognizing the (BW-Nov. 22, '76), still lacks enough takers. on the budget for fiscal year 1977 now necessity of building an atmosphere for con­ Van pooling could prove a bonanza for van before the House. fidence in the government's will to enforce builders. So far Chrysler's Dodge Div. has the law. It is a good start. won the lion's share of orders because it pro­ duces large, roomy vans. Although Chrysler is delighted with its own emp~oyee van pool, "CALIFANO'S SPUR TO CIVIL it views the growth of van pooling with mixed RIGHTS" ANNIVERSARY OF LITHUANIAN emotions. "It takes people out of their cars," INDEPENDENCE says Herbert C. Wood, Chrysler's manager of consumer relations. "So it's pretty much a HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN trade-off." OF MASSACHUSETTS HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JOBS CREATION ACT-H.R. 2589 Wednesday, February 23, 1977 Wednesday, February 23, 1977 Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I know that my colleagues will want to see the Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, on Feb­ HON. J. DANFORTH QUAYLE ruary 16, 1918, the Lithuanian National OF INDIANA splendid tribute to Secretary Joseph Califano in the Christian Science Moni­ Council unanimously declared Lithu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tor for February 22, 1977. ania's independence and established the Wednesday, February 23, 1977 The Monitor praises Secretary Cali­ Republic of Lithuania, despite a peace fano for his very boldly expressed inten­ treaty with the Soviet Union, Lithuania Mr. QUAYLE. Mr. Speaker, I am a co­ was invaded by that country in 1940, and sponsor of H.R. 2589, better known as tion to bring about "a change from the the Jobs Creation Act introduced by Mr. mismanagement, confusion, and uncer­ l~ter by the Nazis. tain leadership on civil rights which he After the war, the country was illegally KEMP of New York on January 27 of this seized again by the Soviet Union. How­ year. I would like now to speak on an im­ found at HEW as a legacy from the pre­ vious administrations." ever, the Soviet Union will never be able portant idea found in Mr. KEMP's bill: to dominate the irrepressible spirit of the Federal tax reduction. The Monitor also notes that the prom­ Presently the American workers work ise enforcement of civil rights laws by Lithuanian people, whose zeal for liberty for themselves 3 days a week and for some Attorney General Bell is "an uncertain and basic human rights is undiminished. agent of government 2 days a week. Re­ trumpet next to" the pledge of Mr. Cali­ The United States has never recognized cent new estimates have placed total gov­ fano. · the Soviet Union's forcible annexation of ernmental expenditures-State, local, The editorial follows: Lithuania, and I believe this country and Federal-at the even higher total of CALIFANO'S SPUR TO CIVIL RIGHTS must continue to protest in the strongest 43 percent of GNP. So American workers Secretary Joseph Califano has taken charge terms the oppression of the Lithuanian while producing all of this Nation's goods of civil rights at the Department of Heaith, people. and services get to keep only a fraction Education, and Welfare (HEW) in the wel­ I recently received a resolution that of what they produce. The share going come forthright manner predicted by Andrew was adopted by the Detroit Lithuanian Young. Mr. Young spoke in response to the Organizations Center on the com­ to American workers has been shrinking concern of some fellow black Americans that memoration of Lithuania's Independ­ for some time and simultaneously their he had accepted the international post of ence Day, and I want to share it with incentives to continue producing have United Nations Ambassador when he might fallen. After all, how much would any have been closer to their urgent needs at my colleagues: man produce if all of it were taxed away? HEW. He said he had no doubts about Mr. RESOLUTION None of course. We have been moving in Califano's zeal on matters like civil rights We the United States citizens of Lithu­ that direction and at a rapid pace. and poverty-and added that Mr. Califano anian descent residing in the Greater Detroit was a better manager than he. area and having met on February 13, 1977 I favor reversing this unhealthy trend Last week manager Califano came out loud at 12:30 p.m. at the Lithuanian Cultural by reducing marginal rates of taxation and clear for a change from the mismanage­ Center at 25335 West Nine Mile Road, South_. across the board for all workers. All ment, confusion, and uncertain leadership field, Michigan to commemorate Lithuania's members of the business community from on civil rights which he found at HEW as a Independence Day, hereby declare that: factory work to corporate president will legacy from the previous administrations. Whereas the three once sovereign Baltic then work harder motivated by the in­ The situation had been careless at best and States of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are centive that they retain a greater por­ lawless at worst, he said, noting the accumu­ illegally occupied by the Soviet Union; tion of their earnings. Working harder, lation of neglected civil rights files. Wher·eas the United States Senate unani­ For e~ample, the Nixon-Ford administra­ mously passed Resolution 319 on July 26th they produce more. GPN grows faster tions had imposed a kind of moratorium on ln the Bicentennial Year 1976 of our Repub­ than before and while the share of GPN carrying out the law which specifies that fed­ lic stating that United States should con­ spent by the Federal Government de­ eral funds be withheld from schools violating tinue not to recognize this illegal occupa­ clines a smaller share of a larger na­ discrimination statutes. Mr. Califano said he tion. Now therefore, be it resolved tional production nevertheless produces did not want to cut off funds to any educa­ That the United States raise the question · more Federal revenue. Thus marginal tax tional institution, but he served notice HEW of this hideous occupation at the· Belgrade February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF R ·E~IARKS 5113

Conference as the most pressing moral issue MAILINGS AND TRAVEL tee on Printing. They told us this would and as a fitting tribute to the just aspira­ The commission would prohibit travel at be an effective, simple way to· make the tion to liberty and freedom by those taxpayers' expense by "lame duck" members RECORD a more accurate reflection of oppressed people; of Congress (members who have not been That we empower the Chairman of the what happens on the fioor. Senator re-elected) . The panel also has recommended HOWARD CANNON, chairman Of the joint Day to sign this Resolution and resolve to a number of changes in congressional mail­ send it to the President, the President of the ing procedures. The most important of these committee, has endorsed our recom­ Senate, the Speaker of the House of is a prohibition on mass maillngs, such as mendation in a letter to joint committee Representatives and the Senators and Repre­ newsletters, within 60 days of a congressional members. sentatives from the State of Michigan. election. Currently, a mailing can go out as There is clear need for this reform. It late as 28 days prior to an election. deals directly with one of t'he most per­ To me, one of the especially interesting sistent, and legitimate criticisms of Con­ aspects of the commission's work was the CONGRESSIONAL ETHICS gress-that our own record of proceed­ survey it conducted of House members and ings is a deliberate distortion of what of the general public on these matters. According to the survey, public confidence happens on the floor. HON. JOSEPH S. AMMERMAN in members of Congress is low-unsurpris­ Unlike the British and Canadian Han­ OF PENNSYLVANIA ing, given recent events. I was surprised, sards, which are verbatim accounts of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and pleased, to see that there is public sup­ parliamentary sessions, the RECORD is port for greater expenditures to permit mem­ estimated by GPO to contain about 70 Wednesday, Februm·y 23, 1977 bers to do a better job of carrying out their percent extraneous material never said Mr. AM:MERMAN. Mr. Speaker, the official responsibilities. on the fioor of the House or Senate. subject of congressional ethics and the In particular, there is a great public desire Cost is another key reason for change. proposed new ethics code are attracting for more information about what is hap­ The RECORD only 4 years ago had 38,500 pening 1n Washington. And there is public much attention these days. It seems to agreement that public money should be sub­ pages and cost $8.8 million; in fiscal year me that in light of the congressional stituted for uncontrolled private funds such 1976, it grew to 51,000 pages and cost pay raise we have a great moral obli­ as office accounts, the survey found. $14.6 million. A single page of the REc­ gation to move ahead with the recom­ Another very interesting finding of the ORD, which cost less than $100 a little mendations of the Commission on Ad­ survey is that members indlcated a degree over a decade ago and $238 only 3 years ministrative Review, chaired by the dis­ of concern about the ethics problem equal ago, is expected to cost $317 in fiscal year tinguished gentleman from Wisconsin to their constituents' concern. 1977. If costs continue to rise and noth­ (Mr. OBEY). Lf so, it should mean that the ethics pack­ age-which I support and will vote for­ ing is done to reduce extraneous material I thought I would share with the Mem­ wlll prevail when it is sent to the House for in th~ RECORD, the cost of printing it bers the views on the Obey commission's approval. could be prohibitive in only 5 or 6 years. ethics package that I expressed to my Another critical problem with the constituents in the 23d Congressional RECORD is that it is used by administer­ District in a recent newspaper column: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD REFORM ing agencies as they interpret legislative Wayne Hays is long gone from Congress intent for carrying out Federal laws. but he stlll is casting a ghostly presence here. When the RECORD gives an inaccurate A major order of business for the 95th HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER reflection of debate, the agency is mis­ Congress has been to see what can be done OF WISCONSIN to curb the abuses of power identified with led. This has already happened and will Hays. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES only increase if we permit the growing A special COmmission on Administrative Wednesday, February 23, 1977 abuse of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. Review, composed of House members and Under law, the RECORD is "substantial­ private citizens, has been exploring the many Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, I want to ly a verbatim report of proceedings." But, issues raised by recent congressional scan­ make very clear that this statement is in fact, it does not even come close to dals. The panel recently made its most far­ not being spoken by me on the House meeting that less than rigid standard. reaching proposals to date by calling for a floor. This year, with sufficient support we new code of ethics for House members. Today I am reintroducing a resolu­ The main points of that code are: have an excellent chance to make , the tion to make the RECORD a more accurate RECORD adhere to its legal guideline. I COMPREHENSIVE FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES reflection of proceedings on the House hope that more Members will join in this Members would have to list, and to iden­ floor. I have done this for the past 7 effort so that the reform can take effect tify the source of, all income over $100 from years. at the earliest possible date. any one source, gifts of more than $250, re­ Although my proposal has not received imbursements from any one source of more than $250, property holdings of $1,000 or action in the past four Congresses. I have more, debts of $2,500 or more, and securities more confidence that the RECORD will be transactions of more than $1,000. Gifts of made honest in t~e 95th Congress. I am CONGRESSIONAL PAY RAISE more than $100 from interest groups and especially pleased that more than 100 of lobbyists would be banned entirely. my colleagues have joined in cosponsor­ AN END TO "OFFICE ACCOUNTS" ing the resolution. This broad-based, bi­ HON. GE.ORG,E M. O'BRIEN These accounts, which are supposed to help partisan support is a measure of the OF ILLINOIS defray the costs of running congressional of­ commitment to change shared by so IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fices, can and have become "slush funds" many of us in this body. for the personal enrichment of members. I do Senator BoB PACKWOOD of Oregon has W ednesday, February 16, 1977 not have such an account nor wm I estab­ introduced identical legislation in the Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, I have two lish one, regardless of whether the House basic and strong objections to the con­ bans them or not. other body. He has received good support There are now no controls of any kind over for it there. gressional pay raise. One, there is no jus­ office accounts. Campaign committees, in Our proposal states specifically that tification for this Congress to raise its contrast, must file regular disclosure state­ any remarks not actually delivered on own salary during the present term of of­ ments with the Federal Elections Commis­ the floor "shall appear, as may be appro­ fice. It is bad policy. It is also -bad poli­ sion and are subject to numerous legal re­ priate, following the record of the entire tics. I fully supported the effort by Mr. strictions. The House Commission on Ad­ debate to which they are germane and WHALEN and others to prevent any pay ministrative Review wisely has called for a pri01: to the record of a vote except that raise during the current term of office. I total ban on office accounts. such insertions shall be preceded and feel I have a bargain with the voters of OUTSIDE INCOME succeeded by a printed designation the 17th District of Dlinois. I knew what The commission recommends that all out­ which clearly distinguishes the insertion the wages were when I sought their votes. side earned income, such as fees from from verbatim remarks." The printed So did they. It would be nothing less than speeches and books, and income lrom busi­ a betrayal of this compact to take a pay ness activities be limited to 15 per cent of designation could be brackets, bullets, or a member's income. Fees specifically would stars. raise after the term began. be limited to no more than $500 each. There This legislation was developed by Sen­ Second, the manner in which the Con­ currently are no overall restrictions on out­ ator PAcKwooD and me in conjunction gress was deprived of its vote on the ques­ side income, although fees are limited to $2,- with representatives of the Government tion of a pay raise gives me great trouble. 00(} each and $25,000 per year. Printing Office and the Joint Commit- The contortions of the House leadership 5114 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 to hustle the pay raise through without a INSURANCE PREMIUMS taken as a food supplement or to preserve rollcall vote goes straight to the ques­ One-half of medical, hospital or health in­ general health) surance premiums are deductible (up to Wheelchairs tion of congressional ethics. How can we Whirlpool baths for medical purposes in good conscience ask the American peo­ $150) without regard to the 3 percent limitation for other medical expenses. The X-rays ple to trust the Congress when they have remainder of these premiums can be de­ TAXES before them such a glaring example of ducted, but is subject to the 3 percent rule. Real estate State and local gasoline why they should not trust the Congress? DRUGS AND MEDICINES For my part, I intend to handle this General sales pay raise just as I have in the past and Included in medical expenses (subject to State and local income 3 percent rule) but only to extent exceeding Personal property return it to the U.S. Treasury. 1 percent of adjusted gross income (line 15c, If sales tax tables are used in arriving at Form 1040). your deduction, you may add to t he amount OTHER MEDICAL EXPENSES shown in the tax tables only the sales tax Other allowable medical and dental ex­ paid on the purchase of five claiSSes of it eiUS: INCOME TAX INFORMATION FOR penses (subject to 3 percent limitation) : automobi~es , airplanes, boats, mobile homes, TAXPAYERS AND OLDER AMERI­ Abdominal supports (prescribed by a and materials used to build a n ew hom e CANS doctor) when you are your own contractor. Acupuncture services When using the sales tax tables, add to your adjusted gross income any nont axable Ambulance hire income (e.g., Social Security, Veterans' pen ­ HON. LARRY PRESSLER Anesthetist sions or compensation 'payments, Railroad OF SOUTH DAKOTA Arch supports (prescribed by a doctor) Artificial limbs and teeth Retirement annuities, workmen's compensa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Back supports (prescribed by a doctor) tion, untaxed portion of long-term capital gains, recovery of pension costs, dividends Wednesday, February 23, 1977 Braces Capital expenditures for medical purposes untaxed under the dividend exclusion, int er­ Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, I rep­ (e.g., elevator for persons with a heart ail­ est on municipal bonds, unemployment com­ resent a State with an unusually large ment)--deductible to the extent that the pensation and public assistance payments. number of elderly citizens. I am acutely cost of the capital expenditure exceeds the CONTRIBUTIONS aware of their problems and it is my aim increase in value to your home because of In general, contributions may be deducted to help those older Americans who have the capital expenditure. Taxpayer should up to 50 percent of your adjusted gross in­ have an independent appraisal made to re­ come (line 15c, Form 1040) . However, con­ contributed so much to the growth and flect clearly the increase in value. tributions to certain private nonprofit foun­ development of this great country in any Cardiographs dations, veterans organizations, or frater­ way that I can. Chiropodist nal societies are limited to 20 % of adjusted For several years now, the Senate Chiropractor gross income. Committee on Aging has published a Christian Science practitioner, authorized Cash contributions to qualified organiza­ checklist of itemized deductions for in­ Convalescent home (for medical treatment tions· for (1) religious, charitable, scientific, dividual taxpayers. The purpose of this only) literary or educational purposes, (2 ) pre­ summary is to protect older Americans Crutches vention of cruelty to children or animals, or Dental services (e.g., cleaning, X-ray, fill- (3) Federal, State or local governmental from overpaying their income taxes. ing teeth) units (tuition fo·r children attending paro­ First, it offers guidance for individuals Dentures chial schools is not deductible). Fair market to determine whether it would be to their Dermatologist value of property (e.g., clothing, books, advantage to itemize their deductions or Eyeglasses equipment, furniture) for charitable pur­ compute their taxes on the basis of the Food or beverages specially prescribed by poses. (For gifts of appreciated property, tax tables. a physician (for treatment of illness, and in special rules apply. Contact local IRS office.) addition to, not as substitute for, regular Travel expenses (actual or 7¢ per mile Second, the summary also includes a plus parking and tolls) for charitable pur­ brief description of the other tax relief diet; physician's statem~nt needed) Gynecologist poses (may not deduct insurance or depre­ measures available to older Americans, Hearing aids and batteries ciation in either case) . such as the retirement income credit, Home health services Cost and upkeep of uniforms used in char­ the total or partial exclusion of a gain Hospital expenses itable activities (e.g., scoutmaster) . on the sale of a personal residence, and Insulin treatment Purchase of goods or tickets from chari­ others. I believe it is a particularly useful Invalid chair table organizations (ex:cess of amount paid Lab tests over the fair market of the goods or services) . guide to older Americans since they Out-of-pocket expenses (e.g., postage, sta­ they simply do not have the :financial Lipreading lessons (designed to overcome a handicap) tionery, phone calls) while rendering serv­ resources to go out and hire a tax con­ Neurologist ices for charitable organizations. sultant and as a result often end up Nursing services (for medical care, includ- Care of unrelated student in taxpayer's paying much more in taxes each year ing nurse's board paid by you) home under a written agreement with a than is necessary. Occupational therapist qualifying organization (deduct ion is lim­ I would also like to point out that per­ Ophthalmologist ited to $50 per month) . sons who discover that they overpaid Optician INTEREST their taxes in prior years have recourse. Optometrist Home mortgage. They may file an amended return-Form Oral surgery Auto loan. Osteopath, licensed Installment purchases (television, washer, 1040X-to claim deductions initially Pediatrician dryer, etc.) . overlooked. Form 1040X must be filed Physical examinations Bank credit card--can deduct the finance within 3 years after the original return Physical therapist charge as interest if no part is for service was due or filed, or within 2 years after Physician charges, loan fees, credit investigation fees, the tax was paid, whichever is later. Podiatrist or similar charges. Mr. Speaker, as a service to all tax­ Psychiatrist Points-deductible as interest by buyer payers, and especially to elderly Ameri­ Psychoanalyst where financing agreement provides that they Psychologist are to be paid for use of lender ' ~? money. Not cans, I ask that this checklist be added Psychotherapy deductible if points represent charges for to my remarks at this time. Its publica­ Radium therapy services rendered by the lending institution tion in the RECORD will help to bring this Sacroiliac belt (prescribed by a doctor) (e.g., VA loa~ points are service charges and information to the older citizens of Seeing-eye dog and maintenance are not deductible as interest) . Not deducti­ South Dakota, as well as older Americans Speech therapist ble if paid by seller (are treated as selllng in all 50 of these United States. Splints expenses and represent a reduction of amount Supplementary medical insurance (Part B) realized) . The checklist follows: under Medicare Penalty for prepayment of a mortgage­ CHECKLIST OF ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS FOR Surgeon deductible as interest. SCHEDULE A (FORM 1040) Telephone/ teletype special communica­ Revolving charge accounts-may deduct MEDICAL AND DENTAL EXPENSES tions equipment for the deaf the "finance charge" if the charges are based Medical and dental expenses (unreim­ Transportation expenses for medical pur­ on your unpaid balance and computed bursed by insurance or otherwise) are de­ poses (7c per mile plus parking and tolls or monthly. ductible to the extent that they exceed 3 actual fares for taxi, buses, etc.) Other charge accounts for installment pur­ percent of a taxpayer's adjusted gross income Vaccines chases-may deduct the lesser of ( 1) 6 per­ (line 15c, Form 1040). Vitamins prescribed by a doctor (but not cent of the average monthly balance (average February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5115 monthly balance equals the total of the un­ local elective public office, (2) national com­ 2. He owned and occupied the property as paid balances for all 12 months, divided by mittee of a national political party, (3) State his personal residence for a period totaling at 12) or (2) the portion of the total fee or committee of a national political party, or least 5 years within the 8-year period ending service charge allocable to the year. (4) local committee of a national political on the date of the sale. CASUALTY OR THEFT LOSSES party. The maximum deduction is $100 ($200 Taxpayers meeting these two requirements Casualty (e.g., tornado, flood, storm, fire, for couples filing jointly). The amount of the may elect to exclude the entire gain from or auto accident provided not caused by a tax credit is one-half of the political con­ gross income if the adjusted sales price of wlllful act or willful negligence) ~r theft tribution, with a $25 ceiUng ($50 for couples their residence is $20,000 (this amount will losses to nonbusiness property-the amount filing jointiy). increase to $35,000 for taxable years be­ of your casualty loss deduction is generally Presidential Election Campaign Fund.­ ginning after December 31, 1976) or less. the lesser of ( 1) the decrease in fair market Additionally, taxpayers may voluntarily ear­ (This election can only be made once during value of the property as a result of the cas­ mark $1 of their taxes ($2 on joint returns) a taxpayer's lifetime.). If the adjusted sales ualty, or (2) your adjusted basis in the prop­ for the Presidential Election Campaign Fund. price exceeds $20,000 (this amount will in­ erty. This amount must be further reduced For any questions concerning any of these crease to $35,000 for taxa~ble years beginning by any insurance or other recovery, and, in items, contact your local IRS office. You may after December 3'1, 1976), an election may the case of property held for personal use, also obtain helpful publications and addi­ be made to exchtde part of the gain based by the $100 limitation. You may use Form tional forms by contacting your local IRS on a ratio of $20,000 (this amount will in­ 4684 for computing your personal casualty office. crease to $35,000 for tax;able years beginning loss. OTHER TAX RELIEF MEASURES after December 31, 1976) over the adjusted CREDIT FOR CHILD AND DEPENDENT CARE Required to file a sales price of the residence. Form 2119 (Sale EXPENSES tax return if or Exchange of Personal Residence) is help­ gross income is ful in determining whart; gain, if any, may Certain payments made for child and de­ be excluded by an elderly taxpayer when he pendent care may now be claimed as a credit Filing status at least- Single (under age 65) ------$2,450 sells his home. against tax instead of as an itemized deduc­ Additionally, a taxpayer may elect to defer tion. Single (age 65 or older)------3,200 Qualifying widow(er) under 65 with reporting the gain on the sale of his per­ If a taxpayer maintained a household that dependent child ______2,850 sonal residence if within 18 months before included a chlld under age 15 or a dependent Qualifying widow(er) 65 or older with or 18 months after the sale he buys and or spouse incapable of self-care, a taxpayer dependent chlld______3, 600 occupies another residence, the cost of may be allowed a 20 percent credit for em­ Married couple (both spouses under which equals or exceeds the adjusted sales ployment related expenses. These expenses 65) filing jointly______3, 600 price of the old residence. Additional time must have been paid during the taxable year is allowed if ( 1) you construct the new in order to enable the taxpayer to work either Married couple (1 spouse 65 or older) full or part time. filing jointlY------4,350 residence or (2) you were on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Publication 523 For detalled information, see the instruc­ Married couple (both spouses 65 or tions for Form 2441 on page 17. older) filing jointlY------5, 100 (Tax Informa-tion on Selling Your Home) Married filing separately______750 may also be helpful. MISCELLANEOUS Credit for the Elderly.-A new, expanded, Alimony and separate maintenance (peri­ Additional Personal Exemption for Age.­ and simplified credit for the elderly has re­ odic payments). Besides the regular $750 exemption allowed placed the former more complex retirement Appraisal fees for casualty loss or to de­ a taxpayer, a husband and wife who are 65 income credit. termine the fair market value of charitable or older on the last day of the taxable year A taxpayer may be able to claim this credit contributions. are each entitled to an additional exemption and reduce taxes by as much as $375 (if Union dues. of $750 because of age. You are considered 65 single), or $562.50 (if married filing jointly), Cost of preparation of income tax return. on the day before your 65th birthday. Thus, if the taxpayer is: Cost of tools for employee (depreciated if your 65th birthday is on January 1, 1977, (1) Age 65 or older, or over the useful life of the tools) . you will be entitled to the additional $750 (2) Under age 65 and retired under a pub­ Dues for Chamber of Commerce (if as a personal exemption becau~e of age for your lic retirement system. business expense) . 1976 Federal income tax return. To be eligible for this credit, taxpayers no Rental cost of a safe-deposit box for in- General Tax Credit.-A new general tax longer have to meet the income requirement come-producing propel'ty. credit is avallable. For this credit, the tax­ of having received over $600 of earned in­ Fees paid ta investment counselors. payer may claim the greater of ( 1) $35 per come during each of any 10 years before this Subscriptions to business publications. exemption shown on line 6d, Form 1040A or year. Telephone and postage in connection with Form 1040, or (2) 2 percent of taxable income For more information, see instructions for investments. (line 15, Form 1040A or line 47, Form 1040) Schedules R and RP. Uniforms required for employment and but not more than $180 ($90, if married, Earned Income Credit.-A taxpayer who not generally wearable off the job. filing separately). maintains a household for a child who is Maintenance of uniforms required for em­ Multiple Support Ag.reements.-In general, under age 19, or is a student, or is a dis­ ployment. a person may be claimed as a dependent of abled dependent, may be entitled to a spe­ Special safety apparel (e.g., steel toe safe­ another taxpayer, provided five tests are met: cial payment or credit of up to $400. This is ty shoes or helmets worn by construction (1) Support, (2) gross income, (3) mem­ called the earned income credit. It may come workers; special masks worn by welders). ber of household or relationship, (4) citi­ as a refund check or be applied against any Business entertainment expenses. zenship, and (5) separate return. But in some taxes owed. Generally, if a taxpayer reported Business gift expenses not exceeding $25 cases, two or more individuals provide sup­ earned income and had adjusted gross in­ per recipient. port for an individual, and no one has con­ come (line 15c, Form 1040) of less than Employment agency fees under certain tributed more than half the person's sup­ $8,000, the taxpayer may be able to claim circumstances. port. However, it still may be possible for the credit. one of the individuals to be entitled to a $750 Cost of a periodic physical examination if Earned income means wages, salaries, tips, required by employer. dependency deduction if the following re­ other employee compensation, and net earn­ quirements are met for multiple supp.ort: ings from self-employment (generally Cost of installation and maintenance of 1. Two or more persons-any one of whom a telephone required by the taxpayer's em­ amount shown on Schedule SE (Form 1040) could claim the person as a dependent if it line 13). A married couple must file a joint ployment (deduction based on business were not for the support test--together con­ use). return to be eligible for the credit. Certain tribute more than half of the dependent's married .Persons living apart with a depend­ Cost of bond if required for employment. support. ent child may also be eligible to claim the Expenses of an office in your home if em­ 2. Any one of those who individually con­ credit. ployment requires it. tribute more than 10% of the mutual de­ For more information, see instructions for Payments made by a teacher to a sub­ pendent's support, but only one of them, Form 1040 or 1040A. stitute. may claim the dependency deduction. Educational expenses required by your 3. Each of ·the others must file a written employer to maintain your position or for statement that he will not claim the de­ pendency deduction for that year. The state­ maintaining or sharpening your sk111s for GEORGE EVANS-A TEACHER your employment. ment must be filed with the income tax re­ turn of the person who claims the depend­ Political Campaign Contributions.-Tax­ ency deduction. Form 2120 (Multiple Sup­ payers may now claim either a deduction port Declaration) may be used for this pur­ (line 32, Schedule A, Form 1040) or a credit HON. LES AuCOIN pose. OF OREGON (line 52, Form 1040), for campaign contri­ Sale of Personal Residence by Elderly Tax­ butions to an individual who is a candidate payers.-A taxpayer may elect to exclude IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for nomination or election to any Federal, from gross income . part or·, under certain Wednesday, February 23, 1977 State, or local '·omce in any primary, general circumstances, all of the gain from the sale or special election. The deduction or cr~dit is of his personal residence, provided: Mr. AuCOIN. Mr. Speaker, as some of also appllca.ble for ·any ( 1) committee sup- 1. He was 65 or older before the date of the my colleagues know, I formerly worked porting a candidate for Federal, State, or sale, and as an administrator in higher education. 5116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 years ago. And the meeting of the two in have over the lives of young people, bloated It was at a time we knew as the turbu­ that mysterious, elusive experience we call with self importance, we ascend Olympus lent and trying sixties. education is also much the same, though my and are lost in the sunshine of our knowl­ In those years, I developed an abiding feelings about that experience have shifted edge. respect for the best of the poeple I radically over the years. To be effective teachers and parents is both lived and worked with on college cam­ When I think of what influenced me the simple and difficult. We must first come down puses. These were the searchers, the in­ most as a student, what subtly changed me from Olympus and admit to ourselves and quirers, the probers-who provoked and how I looked at myself and the world, I to others that we are, all of us, searching; thought and brought out the best in remember men and women, not classes, not and that though we are older and more buildings, not even books. I remember the knowledgeable, we are not necessarily any young minds. geologist whose love-nay, whose passion­ wiser about this business of living. Having One of those persons is Dr. George tor his subject infused all of us with the same descended from our Olympian Splendor and Evans, a professor of English at Pacific excit ement. I can no longer recall the dif­ detachment, we must reveal what we are as University, a small, independent college ference between dolomite and limestone, but human beings, warts and all. That will be, in Forest Grove, Oreg. I remember the teacher's love for the earth, for most of us, a lesson in humility. We will I am proud to have worked with and his home; and I look at that earth today have to admit that we know very little, that to have known George Evans. through different eyes because of him. I don't our jobs and our lives are at times depressing, Then, as now, he' has that passion for remember a thing from a brilliant lecture on and that what we do sometimes seems to Leibnitz, but I do remember the gentle man have little enduring meaning. And having learning-as opposed to "teaching"­ who invited me to his home to talk, over a admitted this, we might go on to show that sets a true teacher apart. glass of wine, of my life and d,reams, matters in our daily lives that like Sisyphus, con­ Recently, Dr. Evans wrote a short arti­ I had thought too unimportant for so learned demned by the gods to roll the stone eternally cle in the university magazine, Pacific a man. to the top of the mountain, we will find I can remember almost no details from any happiness born of pain, and that in our com­ Today, which reflects on students of the mon lot of rolling the stone we are brothers--­ sixties and seventies but, more meaning­ class or exam or research p·aper, but I do remember the individuals who were my teacher and student, parent and child- weak, fully, captures that elusive quality of teachers. I remember those who were con­ struggling, often benighted, but rolling it what education, and the act of teaching, descending, who endured the classroom hour nonetheless with whatever dignity and cour­ should be. with barely disguised disdain for us who age and hope we can summon from within. When Dr. Evans says, ''We must know knew so much less than they in their day We must know more, yes, but more im­ more, yes, but, more importantly, we as students. From them I leM"ned little. Ire­ portantly, we must be more. That is what must be more," he is speaking not only member those who loved what they were young people, unconsciously perhaps, were doing, who enjoyed talking with us about the asking of adults when I was a student, and of teachers and college administrators that is what they are asking today. It is but of parents and of citizens. He is mundane and the magnificent. From them I learned much, but for what I learned there what we in turn should be asking of them. speaking of you and me. _· is no instrument for measurement. What profit is there to a society if its most Mr. Speaker, I commend to the a~ten­ The conventional wisdom often says that brilliant men and women cheat on t heir of my colleagues this splendid article the best teacher-and the best parent-is taxes or burglarize political opponents or are· and I insert it at this point in the the one who knows the most and is able to simply cold and insensitive to the needs ot others? RECORD. convey that knowled·ge within the allotted class time or maturation period. We thus Small liberal arts schools like Pacific, be­ ARE STUDENTS REALLY CHANGING? cause of their size and the kind of faculty AND WHAT Is EDUCATION? frantically fill up our classes and family life with information and rules, facts and logical they attract, are well suited to the kind of (By George Evans) arguments. The more we convey, the more education which touches both the heart and Ten years have passed, and the scene out­ successful we are. We teach through the force the head. Like all institutions, including most side my Bates House office window seems of our minds and our minds alone. Or so we notably the family, which we in some ways unchanged: the same downy woodpecker, think. It is possible, however, that we are resemble, we have failed and failed often; ln search of its daily fare, corkscrews around like the doctors that Kubler-Ross writes of in but I am holding on to the faith that we the gnarled oak, half-dressed now in winter her books on death and dying-professional, have succeeded more than we have failed, green. Behind it the redwoods stand aloof, technically competent men and women who and that the quality of the people we have untroubled by the formless dreams of young surround themselves with charts and graphs graduated will confirm that faith. and old who pass beneath their limbs. And and jargon and deceptions because they are yet, despite appearances, much has changed afraid to talk with the dying patients about in the decade since I arrived, fresh from what is most important to them: the passing graduate school, to begin my career of teach­ of life and the reality of death. CITIZENS FOR NEIGHBORHOOD ing at Pacific. In that time a president has Our job as teachers and parents, I believe, SCHOOLS retired, three buildings have burned, five is to talk with living patients, the young peo­ deans have resigned, scores of faculty have ple we share life with, about what it means departed for the green pastures of large state to be alive. We have no dearth of facts and HON. RONALD M. MOTTL and private schools, and Boxer, that battered information. We are not short of examina­ dog of many lives, appeared once and was tions to test the quantity of information that OF OHIO dispatched forthwith to a well-deserved has been passed from one mind to another. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES retirement. But the question arises; how does this wealth Wednesday, February 23, 1977 And what of the students ten years later? of information make us any different from a Are they as changeless as the trees outside book or tape which can be purchased and Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, I would my window? They certainly don't look the digested at far less expense and pain for the like to call to the attention of my col­ same. Released from the Victorian dress code student or child? leagues and their constituents a group they now dress to please themselves, freeing Human behavior, I have come to believe, called "Citizens for Neighborhood the dean for concerns of greater moment. is shaped slowly and imperceptibly, not by Schools, Inc." from Cleveland, Ohio. But it is in the classroom, we are told by books or facts or rules, but by example, by Citizens for Neighborhood Schools the student watchers in numerous popular personal encounters with friends, teachers, and professional journals, that the real ~amily, by the manner in which others live feels that the way to insure that every change is taking place. The 70's students are their lives. I'm not sure that many teachers child may attend a neighborhood school less prepared, less literate, less interested in or parents would agree with this, and I'm not is through the Congress. In an effort to the drama of national and world affairs than sure that I'm willing to face the implications restore faith in the democratic process, any preceding generation, certainly less than for myself, but I think it is not what we this group has initiated a campaign to the demanding, involved students of the know but what we are that really matters in convince the general public to commu­ 60's. the educational experience. To believe this nicate wi-th their legislators on the need The judgment sounds familiar. Young peo­ is to suffer a nagging sense of failure as a parent and teacher because while it is easy for neighborhood schools. ple struggle to express themselves, to under­ . I wish to publicly commend Citizens for stand who they are and what their destiny enough to measure what we know by books read and lectures delivered, it is a most pain­ Neighborhood Schools for handling this will be, and older people tell them that they ful task to measure what we are as human matter entirely in a legal and profession­ and their world are going to the dogs. I beings and how we have lived in that relent­ heard the story as a student in the 50's, and al manner. They do not advocate defying less and penetrating spotlight young people the law, but rather they stress working older graduates have, undoubtedly, been fed turn upon our every word and act. from the same bowl of sour grapes. Afraid of that spotlight, we close the doors closely with those that make the laws. Instead of following the famlllar script, of office and home. We read more journals and Citizens for Neighborhood Schools I would like to suggest that students and join more professional societies. We consult would also like to encour~e citizens faculty today are much the same, at least the experts and become experts ourselves in across the country to take a renewed in essential ways, as they were ten or twenty raisi~g .children: Inflated with the power we interest in their Government and to open February .23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF 'REMARKS 5117 the lines of:: communication with their I am hopeful that the House will see der such circumstances, Britain needed. no elected :officials: For further information fit after this debacle to move ahead .on new bombers or fighters. on Citizens· 'for Neighborhood Schools, H.R. 1365, the C.ongressional- Pay Raise . "Tne United States had the same wrong Inc. address inquiries to P.O. Box 173t2, thought somewhat later," he says, "and has Deferral Act, sponsored by Congressman yet ·to take the positive step of rebUilding Cleveland, Ohio 44i~ 7. · WHALEN and cosponsored by over 70 other its· air. defense.... The three immediate Members, including myself. I believe that requirements for the u.s. are to recognize this legislation is the best way out of the that Backfire is a strategic weapo·n, to build OPPOSlNO: THE CONGRESSIONAL morass we currently find ourselves in. If the .B-1 bomber as its wholly essential and ' ' PAY RAISE the Members of this body wish to dem­ uniquely flexible co1,mterpart, and to order onstrate tP,ei:r .concern for the ethics and as a matter of urgency. replacements for integrity of the House of Representatives, Aerospace Defense Command's time-expired HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR they will act to remove the conflict-of-in­ F-106 Delta Dart . interceptors." · OF PENNSYLVANIA terest inherent in the present system IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES whereby we must consider salary propos­ als which are the immediate personal Wednesday, February 23, 1977 t.o LEGISLATION AIMED AT MORE USE benefit or detriment of each of us. H.R. OF U.S.-FLAG OIL TANKERS Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, I would like 1365 could easily remedy this situation by to commend the efforts of many of my deferring any increase in Members' sal­ colleagues who courageously faced head­ ary until the start of the Congress fol­ HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI on the controversial issue of the congres­ lowing the one in which it is approved. OF NEW YORK sional pay raise. Despite the support of Mr. Speaker, I urge favorable consider­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES many Members, including myself, to at ation of this legislation by the House im­ least bring the increase to a floor vote, mediately. Wednesday, February 23, 1977 we are today confronted with the knowl­ Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, today I edge that we have, in effect, given our­ am introducing legislation aimed at al­ selves a $12,900 pay raise. COMMENT BY "JANE'S ALL THE leviating the problems posed to the econ­ We in this House have never missed WORLD'S AffiCRAFI"' ON SOVIET omy and the environment of the United an opportunity to be the leaders in ask­ VERSUS AMERICAN MILITARY States through excessive reliance on for­ ing our constituents to make personal STRENGTH eign-flag tankers for the import of oil sacrifices. We have implored labor to and petroleum derivatives. The legisla­ buffer their wage requests. We have asked tion mandates that at least 25 percent business and industry to control price HON. JOHN P. MURTHA and hopefully 30 percent of an oil im­ increases. We have asked everyone to OF PENNSYLVANIA. ported to the United States be carried by turn down their thermostats, not to drive IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES U.S.-:ft.ag tankP.r~. over 55 miles per hour, and to purchase Wednesday, February 23, 1977 According to recent estimates the fuel-efficient automobiles and appliances. United States now imports 44 percent of Many of my colleagues, Mr. Speaker, Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, during a its oil. This figure may be translated to have joined in this effort of sacrifice. But .recent inspection tour I made of the approximately 9 million barrel& a day. on the whole, this effort has been virtu­ Norfolk Naval Base, my attention was Admittedly, this is evidence of extreme ally symbolic. We have effectively in­ directed t.o an article that is very im­ dependence on foreign oil producers and sulated ourselves against the suffering portant to deliberations }Jy Congress on it is a situation that is far from desirable. of our constituents. We as Members have our national defense. However, it is not the most pressing issue no fear of inflation, because we now get I do not believe anyone contradicts we have at hand. Reducing the amount of automatic pay increases. For at least 2 "Jane's All the World's Aircraft'' as a oil imported would cripple the industry years, we have little fear of getting a leading international assessment of air of this Nation and inflict severe hard­ pink slip for reasons far beyond our con­ and military strength. The following ships on the general public. What stag­ trol, such as an energy shortage. We article appeared in the Parade section gers the imagination is that 96 percent of feast at sumptuous banquets and are of the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot and what the United States imports is being served at countless parties in well-heated, summarizes some very important con­ transported in vessels that are either for­ cozy House dining rooms. It makes it easy clusions reached in the new edition of eign-owned or are flying a foreign "flag to forget the thousands of our Citizens this publication. · of convenience." who in recent weeks have had to choose [From the Parade Section, Feb. 13, 1977] In many cases, the foreign tankers that between a warm environment and a full SOVIET AIR SUPREMACY transport the energy resources which fuel stomach. The new edition of "Jane's All the World's our Nation are disasters waiting to hap­ I am sure that a very large proportion Aircraft," published. in London, claims the pen. In some cases they did not wait, as of those who we represent would jump Soviet Union is vastly superior to America recent events attest, and ran aground as at the chance to find productive employ­ in military aviation. So superior, in fact, that the result of incompetent navigation or ment at an annual salary of $12,900. It the U.S. might be compelled. to resort to nu­ broke apart under the forces of nature, will take positive action by us to change clear weapons if war developed between :the spilling thousands of gallons of precious two superpowers. this system whereby we make ourselves J.W.R. Taylor, respected editor of "Jane's," energy on the once-splendid seas which eligible for automatic pay increases. says t:qere is great doubt that the U.S. can have come to be viewed by some as the I do riot know of a single Member of match the Soviet Union in conventional war­ "Atlantic Oil Drum." this House who would undergo true hard­ fare at this time. Taylor says that our air­ This is a situation that is criminal at ship if this raise had been denied. Yet it craft currently consist of old bombers and best and we need not look across the seas is clear that those we represent are very interceptors, while the Soviets are construct­ to point the finger of blame. Much of the concerned with the pay raise issue. Some ing the latest swing-wing bombers and su­ blame can be laid on the shoulders of the of these people have undergone hard­ personic fighters infinitely better than the oil industry. MIG-25 a Soviet defector turned over to ships such as seeing their meager savings Japan last September. Members of the oil industry regularly eroded by inflation, or having the family Taylor maintains that we are underesti­ resort to th~ practice of transporting oil breadwinner laid off because of the loss mating the excellence of the Soviet "Back­ under flags of convenience to obtain of a government contract. It is difficult fire" bomber, which is-no matter what the larger profits-but at what cost to the to explain why Members of Congress re­ Russians say-a long-range weapon that can oceans and lands from which they ex­ quire this raise. I certainly cannot ex­ bomb targets in the u.s. and then land in tract their cash flow in the form of crude plain it. Cuba. Taylor quotes the chief of staff of oil. It is inexcusable that U.S. corpor&te This raise will only serve to increase Britain's Royal Air Force as saying, "Back­ giants can resort to engaging vessels that our isolation from the economic realities fire, faster than Concorde and with a much longer range, may prove an even greater dim­ are no more than rust buckets fast ap­ which confront those we represent. While ger to Allied shipping than the relatively proaching the end of their sea-worthi­ much has been made of the fact this in­ slow-moving Russian submarines." ness to transport cargo which is so obvi­ crease wili be tied to a new code of ethics, Taylor explains that 20 years ago Great ously essential and at the same time so I believe; th~t this is an unfair package Britain assumed future wars would be nu­ potentially devasta.ting. While the indus­ to offer the American people. clear wars and decided incorrectly that, un- try reaps the profits offeted by tax dodges 5118 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 and cut-rate crews, the Nation is suffer­ adequate requirements will no longer be (2) We must open up the regulatory ing from the loss of revenue. the norm because we will not have to process. If a government bureaucrat's power The situation has already gone too far rely on foreign flotillas. is totally secure then he is not going to be responsive. When his power can be chal­ and this Nation must assert itself before lenged, he becomes responsive. Such a chal­ any morE oiled water passes under the lenge can only be made if the public's busi­ bridge. Last month i'he New York Times ness is done in public. reported that- 'IMPROVING THE REGULATORY (3) The Congress wm have to exercise its Increasingly the oil-producing countries SYSTEM oversight responsibilities by enacting "sun­ are demanding that a greater percentage of set" legislation under which each agency or the oil must be carried in their own ships. progr.am will face an automatic tertnina­ For example, Saudi Arabia, by 1980, wt:l re­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON tion date unless the Congress or the Presi­ quire that 50 percent of its exported oil move OF INDIANA dent specifically approves its continued operation. The Congress should also try to in Saudi-Arabian-flag vessels. Venezue~a. and IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Algeria lla.ve similar 50 percent rules coming check the tremendous growth of discretion­ into effect. Wednesday, February 23, 1977 ary power within the federal bure~;~.ucracy by using its power to veto the results of ad­ It is high time the Uni~d State.c; make Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would mintstrative rulemaking. similar demands. like to insert my Washington Report for (4) We have to reduce the rapid turnover That is why I have introduced legisla­ February 23, 1977 into the CONGRES­ of high level regulatory personnel, require SIONAL RECORD: economic impact studies for major regula­ tion to assure that the Secretary of Com­ tions, and apply common sense to the en­ merce be empowered to take steps to IMPROVING THE REGULATORY SYSTEM forcement and implementation of regulations. assure that 20 percent of all oil trans­ One of the reasons for the lack of con­ (5) The most important step we can take ported for import to the United States fidence in government is the rash of new to improve the regulatory process is to use be carried by U.S.-ft.ag.ships at this time. regulatory mechanisms established by the economic incentives. The market can work This legislation would also insure fair federal government in recent years for pol­ for us if the private sector is given incen­ and reasonable participation of U.S.-fiag lution control, industrial health and safety, tives to act for social ends. This can be done consumer product quality and safety and with fewer regulations if we think in terms ships in the transport of oil from all for other purposes. These regulations have of new strategies. For instance, a set of na­ geographical areas where oil is produced, begun to generate a blacklash of resentment tional effluent and emission charges should refined or both. against excessive red tape, bureaucratic con­ be implemented under which taxes would be The draft of this legislation also sets trol and loss of freedom. levied on each unit of air and water pollut­ a date of June 30, 1978 at which time People understand that government fre­ ing substance discharged. Through utiliza­ the level of oil imported to the United quently has to regulate, but they are deeply tion of such a device we could move toward States by U.S.-ft.ag ships be increased concerned that when government acts, it a cleaner environment by making the reduc­ to 25 percent. By June 30, 1980, the per­ often does so in ways that are ineffective tion of pollution a paying proposition. and inefficient. To restore confidence in In some cases outright regulation is the centage should be increased to 30 per­ government, we must make government least costly and the most effective solution. cent providing the tonnage of privately­ work better. A few facts shpw that the task For example, we should prohibit outright owned U.S.-fiag commercial vessels, in­ of improving the regulatoty system will not the discharge of very toxic chemicals such as cluding those on order and scheduled to be easy. kepone. But gen-erally speaking, I think the be ready for commercial service by that The growth of the federal regulatory sys­ use. of economic incentives to guide decisions date will be adequate to carry that tem has been striking. In 1976, the total is best. Effluent charges for pollution control, amount. cost of regulation was about $3 billion, with incentive contracts in manpower training The advantages of this quota for U.S. 77 federal agencies engaged in regulating programs, efficiency oriented medical reim­ some aspect of private activity. Fifty of bursement plans and congestion charges at oil transport are obvious and great in these agencies have been created since 1960. airports all merit consideration. number. First of all, the economy will re­ By one count there are 100,000 federal em­ These proposals are no panacea for the ceive a boost as the number of ships ployees engaged in regulatory activity. Last problems of a government that has grown being bUilt increase with the demands year alone the federal government issued too large, too powerful, too costly, too re­ for commercial tonnage and the number 10,245 new regulations, adding to the more mote, and too intrusive into the daily lives of merchant men needed to man these than 60,000 pages of regulations already in of the American people. But, they could be existence. But the distinguishing mark of helpful. vessels will reduce the ranks of the un­ today's regulatory system is less its size than employed. With the reduced use of fia.gs its complexity. It encompasses 60,000 sources of convenience the revenue from taxes on of water pollution, 100 million automobiles, TRIBUTE TO MRS. MARGARET oil imports will increase. the health and safety of all the working There is also the issue of safety-not places in the country, and the structure of AMOUREUX just environmental, but defense in times all health care systems and federal man­ of military conflict. Construction of all power programs. HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK types of ships for the American mer­ Most members of Congress believe that the regulatory system is not working well. It has OF CALIFORNIA chant marine has been allowed to decline generated ineffective and inefficient answers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from its status as the world's largest to important social problems. Unacceptably since World War II. This legislation high costs of enforcement, extensive time Wednesday, February 23, 1977 would do much to stimulate ·the con­ delays and too much rigidity for a complex Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I think my struction of merchant marine vessels. economy are common problems. Too many colleagues will agree that a longstanding Should an international emergency oc­ decisions about individual economic activ­ ity have been transferred from the market and devoted public servant is deserving cur, these ships would be ready on a place to the government. of a pause in our activities for praise of moment's notice to serve America's Not all regulations are bad, of course, and her dedicated service. Mrs. Margaret needs. At present the Defense Depart­ there is no talk in Washington today of de­ Amoureux of Oakland, Calif., has more ment has little command over runaway regulation · if by that term one means no than once demonstrated her worthiness :flag ships which are often American­ regulation whatsoever. The question is how in this regard. owned. During the Vietnam airlift some to modernize and reform the regulatory Mrs. Amoureux has been a teacher in of the foreign flag vessels under U.S. system. the public schools for 30 years. After I have come to the conclusion that we contract refused to transport any U.S. just cannot go on imposing regulations and teaching at Bethune Cookman College in defense cargo in deference to the po­ solutions over an ever-widening sphere of St. Louis, Mo., Margaret has been teach­ litical views of the country's flag dis­ economic activity. Although there are no ing in Oakland, first at Castlemont High, played. simple answers to the complex problems of and now at Merritt Junior College. Finally, it should be obvious that the regulation, I have come to believe that the Mrs. Amoureux's record outside of her type of environmental disasters we have Congress is going to have to look for alterna­ professional career is equally impressive. witnessed iii the past year will decline tive approaches. Among the steps we should Her persistent desire to improve and en­ take are these: with the institution of uniform regula­ (1) We have to ask the right questions: rich the lives of her fellow citizens has tions and increased numbers of new and Can the free market do the job? Do the had significant results. Margaret's most safer tankers. International safety stand­ benefits of the regulation exceed the cost? recent success has been her diligent and ards ar,e .lower than ours and with the How effective can we expect a proposed reg­ inspired management of Supervisor John increased numbers of U.S.-flag ships, in- ulation to be? George's election campaign last year, in February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5119 Oakland. Her repetoire of memberships what you would be like and what you might an increase in the supply of goods produced, in political and community organizations think of these relics of the past. the lower rates will expand employment and One of my associates, reflecting on today's real incomes without requiring monetary includes influential and active groups shortages of energy, the predictions of a new manipulations by the Federal Reserve. It is such as the NAACP, the Oakland Black era of abnormally cold weather and the vastly superior not only to the Carter plan Caucus, the Executive Board of Black complications of our presently exp>anding but to the gimmicky jobs program advanced Women Organized for Political Action, technology, suggested that the human race by Senate Republicans in their attempts and the position of alternate to the by the· year 2076 may find itself regressing­ to imitate Democrats. Democratic National Convention of 1972. unable to cope with the problems of the en­ The President, of course, has been assured vironment in which it finds itself. that his program will stimulate just as well Californians and members of the Oak­ I choose to believe otherwise. I must be­ a.s permanent tax cuts, though of course land community alike are sure to join me lieve ,that man's spirit and courage and the Fed has to "accommodate" it by gunning in wondering how Mrs. Amoureux saves adaptability will, if not for the short term, the money supply. By our reckoning, though, time and energy for herself and her at least in the long term, prevail over the if the Fed does gun the money supply all family. Montaigne said: circumstances. the economy will get is more inflation, which He who does not live some degree for others With that in mind, I send greetings from pushes up everyone's taxes. And if the Fed hardly lives for himself. the past. May you, today, reflect on your her­ doesn't do so, the Carter program will create itage. I assure you that there were citizens no new jobs and the money for the most Perhaps this doctrine can serve to ex­ standing on this spot on Febraury 11, 1977, part will go down the drain. plain the dedication to public service when this capsule was buried, who cherished Why don't the House Democrats support which Mrs. Amoureux's career has con­ the virtues of good will, humility of spirit, the GOP alternative? Jack F. Kemp, who sistently displayed over the years. concern for their neighbors and a respect for is sometimes caricatured a·s a right-wing the Almighty. I know them well. They join football player, unabashedly gives credit for with me in saying to you: God bless you and his idea to John F. Kennedy. In 1962-63 Mr. keep you. Kennedy argued that the way to get the Sincerely, country moving again was not through high­ TYLERTOWN TIME CAPS~E PAUL PITTMAN. er spending but through lower tax rates. His tax cut reduced each bracket roughly 25%-from 91% to 70% at the top and HON. THAD COCHRAN 20% to 14% at the bottom. At the time House OF MISSISSIPPI JFK STRIKES AGAIN Republicans voted 3-to-1 agalns.t this step, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and were squashed in the 1964 elections as the JFK tax cuts proved a smashing eco­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 . nomic success. Mr. COCHRAN of Mississippi. Mr. HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS It is not only batHing, but almost com­ Speaker, on February 11, 1977, a time OF IDAHO ical, that Mr. Carter rejects this Democratic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES precedent while embracing the tax rebate capsule was buried on the grounds of scheme adopted by Gerald R. Ford in 1975, the new city hall building in Tylertown, Wednesday, February 23, 1977 with ill effects on the economy and his own Miss. The capsule contained numerous re-election bid. Happily for the nation, some Mr~ SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, today's edi­ items of local interest and its contents House Democrats are beginning to seratch were planned to give inhabitants living torial in the Wall Street Journal deserves their heads in wonder too. Rep. Andrew in Tylertown in 2076 an idea of what the attention of every Member of this Jacobs of Indiana and five other Democrats the people, the community, and life in House, as well as the much deserved last week ridiculed and voted against Mr. praise for our colleague from Buffalo­ Carter's rebate scheme, which survived the rural Mississippi was like in 1976. · Ways and Means Committee by a vote of only Life in Tylertown and Walthall County J. F. K.-KEMP that is: JFK STRIKES AGAIN 20-17. Meanwhile, Democrats are seething at 1s typical of small town life in Mississippi. Mr. Carter's slashing of dams and water The area is blessed with a near nonexist­ Rep. Jack F. Kemp, the Buffalo Republi- projects while proposing a jobs program for ent crime rate, a clean environment, a _can, has for four years advocated permanent more leaf-rakers. progressive administration, and a citi­ tax cuts to expand the economy but has So when the House votes on the perma­ never been able to sell the House Republi­ nent tax cut, Democrats can easily support zenry dedicated to preserving the tradi­ can leadership or the Ford White House. Now tional values and freedoms of American lt knowing the real credit is due their JFK. that he has {'-Democrat in the White House Republicans can do the same. And if the life. I am proud to report that they are to push against, Mr. Kemp is making head­ Republican program should pass, everyone succeeding. way. President Carter may soon be luclj could breathe easier about the outlook for One of the items included in the cap­ enough to get pushed over. Two weeks ago Republicans on the House the economy. sule is a letter from the editor and pub­ Budget Committee unanimously signed on lisher of the Tylertown Times, Paul Pitt­ the Kemp idea as an alternative to Jimmy man. Mr. Pittman is one of Mississip­ Carter's prograan of rebates and public works. pi's most distinguished journalists. The These committee Republicans are now advo­ PARDON FOR DRAFT VIOLATORS letter is addressed to the citizens of 2076 cating that each income tax bracket be low­ TOO BROAD and it speaks for itself as a timeless mes­ ered 15 o/o-approximately from 70 % to 60 % sage of hope, and a belief in our coun­ at the top and from 14 % to 12 % at the bot­ try's future. It is a pleasure to share it tom. This would roughly adjust for the in­ HON. CHARLES E. GRASSLEY . flation of the last two years, which has OF IOWA with my colleagues: pushed ,everyone into higher brackets. [From the Tylertown (Miss.) Times, Feb. 17, With the support of the House GOP lead­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1977] ership, the Budget Committee minority plans Wednesday, February 23, 1977 A MESSAGE TO CITIZENS OF 2076 to stage a vote on this alternative when the The whole concept of a time capsule like House Budget resolution comes up today. To Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. Speaker, in his one buried here Friday has an element of accommodate the Carter economic prograan, first day of office, President Jimmy Car­ egocentric vanity about it. It is based on the the planned deficit has to be raised to $70.3 ter pardoned practically all Vietnam war speculation that the inhabitants of Tyler­ billion from the $50.6 billion already ap­ draft-law violators. Mr. Carter, in keep­ town in the year 2076 wm find the capsule, proved. Mr. Kemp will argue that his plan ing with a campaign pledge, granted a will bother to open it and will be interested would be more successful in stimulating the full, complete, and unconditional pardon enough to examine the contents. economy and thus government revenues, and that therefore a lower deficit ceiling would be , to almost everyone convicted of breaking That conceded, the editor of The Tyler­ needed. In reality, the vote will simply give the Selective Service Act during the war. town Times included the following letter, House members a non-binding way to express The amnesty covers an estimated 13,000 published here, for the interest of those who their preference between rebates and job pro­ keep scrapbooks, or whose imagination might mostly white, middle-class men who had grams on one hand and permanent tax reduc­ the education, money, and counseling to be stimulated by the thought: tion on the other. FEBRUARY 11, 1977. avoid the draft and another 250,000 men While we don't expect the GOP to be ,suc­ who never registered. However, it ex­ To the Citizens of the 21st Century-Year cessful in this vote, it would certainly be cluded nearly 100,000 men who. deserted 2076 A.D ..: doing the President a big favor if it were. We hope that you will find the contents of Instead of sc.attering money over the land­ the Armed Forces. this time capsule interesting. Those of us scape, which is the essence of the Carter pro­ Although some groups have attacked who gathered the materials in it indulged in gram, the Republican alternative would in­ the amnesty plan because it Q.id not in­ moments of fascinating speculation about creases incentives to production. In inviting clude deserters, I agree with those who 5120 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 say the program is too broad. The vast happen, I would have gone to Canada to hang of interest as this is very important legis­ majority of you who have written me in out. lation. It is the only answer to those who would the last week have said the same thing. Instead of healing this Nation, Mr. deprive us of our right to keep and bear Mr. Carter's sweeping pardon has no Carter's amnesty program has only arms as guaranteed to us by our constitu­ precedent in American history. Neither opened up new wounds. I hope he will re­ tion. They wm surely try again this session the post Civil War nor the post World consider his plan before it is too late. to sneak some form of anti-gun legislation War II pardons were as inclusive as the through the hallowed halls of congress. I Carter program. hope you w1ll be watching as I wm. They Senator BARRY GOLDWATER was correct must be stopped at all costs. Again I thank you and with best wishes I remain; when he warned that Mr. Carter's pro­ MANDATORY SENTENCING BILL Respectfully, gram "will utterly destroy the effective­ SUPPORT GROWING . Mr. D. "L". HARRIS. ness of any draft should we feel the need to go back to a selective service." That is CONTRA COSTA COUNTY, the sentiment of most veterans' groups as HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON Mar.ttnez, Calif., January 24,1977. well. After all, if in the future we face OF CALIFORNIA Bon. GLENN M. ANDERSON, . some grave military crisis and every IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES The House of Representatives, House Office young man has the choice of obeying or Buildtng, Washington, D.C. Wednesday, February 23, 1977 DEAR MR. ANDERSON: I certainly endorse flouting the draft law, believing he can your bill H.R. 1559 concerning additional escape scot free, our national security Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. penalties for the use and/or possession of will be jeopardized. Speaker, the support for our legislation firearms during the commission of crimes. The director of the ethics and public to provide a minimum mandatory prison It requires some premeditation when a policy program at Georgetown University sentence of 5 years for anyone convicted criminal arms himself with a 'firearm. It also said: of misusing a firearm by committing a implies a willingness to use the firearm '1f If no penalty-not even compensatory civi­ Federal crime is growing with each day. necessary. lian service-were meted out to draft viola­ Citizens from across the country are It is my opinion that the certainty of a tors, would this not encourage self-indul­ calling my office and voicing their sup­ long prison sentence will be a significant de­ gence, cowardice, and disrespect for the very terrent against using firearms. Best wishes. disciplines of freedom which are under siege port for this sensible bill that does a very Very truly yours, around the world? sensible thing-punish anyone who mis­ HARRY D. RAMSAY, Sheriff-Coroner. uses a gun. National organizations are In 1974, President Ford granted offering their support, and additional CALIFORNIA RIFLE AND PISTOL amnesty to draft evaders who agreed to Members of this .Congress are continuing ASSOCIATION, INC., perform some form of alternative service. to add their names to the growing list of Garden Grove, Calif., February 14, 1977. Almost 13,000 men took advantage of cosponsors. I might add, Mr. Speaker, Hon. GLENN M • .AKDBUOlf, that program. Close to half of them were that this list now numbers over 100. House Office Building, granted outright pardons. Washington, D.C. President Carter, however, would with­ I ask consent to include with ·my re­ DEAR CoNGRESSMAN ANDERSON: Thank you out questioning their motives for evad­ marks several letters that I have received for your letter of January 25, 1977 in which in support of this legislation. In addi­ you enclosed a copy CY! your HR-1559. ing the draft, grant clemency to every­ tion, I urge any Member who has as yet We are in complete support Qf the man­ one. The refusal of some young men to not cosigned this bill, to do so. It is about datory penalty concept for the use of fire­ answer their country's call to duty in time to recognize our responsibility to arms in the commission of a violent crime. Vietnam certainly can be justified on re­ address this problem with firm action I suggest you consider' an amendment to ligious and moral grounds. Conscientious your bill which will subject an accomplice objectors to all wars were given the op­ and decisive steps. to the same punishment as the criminal who tion of alternate civilian service during Mr. Speaker, the letters follow: had in his possession or used a gun during WILMINGTON, CALIF., the commission of the crime. the Vietnam era, and 35,000 draftees February 3, 1977. You may be aware that the California chose that option. Another 30,000 more, Re: H.R. 1559 Supreme Court recently held that because at their request, received noncombatant DEAR CONGRESSMAN GLENN: Your com­ of the language of Caldfornia's mandatory military service in the medical corps. ments on the minimum mandatory prison penalty law an accomplice not using or hav­ Those draftees who opposed only the sentence bill and the reading of said b1ll ing a gun in his possession during the com­ Vietnam war and, therefore, could not (which you sent to me 26 January) contents, mission of the crime could not be subject qualify for alternative service could leaves me with the feeling that you, like to the mandatory additioll18.1 penalty. Leg­ serve a prison term instead of fighting. myself, are greatly concerned with the cod­ islation has been introduced to correct the stm thousands of young men :fled the dling of convicted slayers who use a gun in flaw and I suggest you amend your bill to the commission of a crime. It is high time take care of thds problem before some fed­ country or refused to register for the that we reverse the trend that has been eral judge finds the same flaw in your bill, draft. Instead of granting them a blanket prevelant these many years of bleeding for should it become law. pardon, as Mr. Carter did, I believe we the criminal and just plain ignoring the You may quote us as supporting your HR- should onsider clemency on a case-by­ feelings of the victims and their fammes. 1559. case basis. I do thank you most heartily for forward­ Sincerely, Throughout our history, U.S. Presi­ ing to my attention the bill described and JAMES R. SEABERRY, dents have granted clemency almost ex­ most assuredly congratulate and support President. clusively case by case. In fact, about the you in this important item. I hope you continue in good health and SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT, only time this was not the case was after may God Bless. Colusa, Calif., January 21, 1977. the Civil War, when President Andrew Respectfully, Hon. GLENN M. ANDERSON, Johnson granted a blanket pardon not to B.J. CANNISTRACI. House of Representatives, House Office Build­ Union soldiers but to Confederate sol­ ing, Washington, D.C. diers to try to unite the country. So. WALNUT ST., DEAR SIR: I want to take this opportunity By granting clemency to the thousands Lomita, Calif. to commend you in your efforts to control of young men who :fled the Vietnam war Hon. GLENN M. ANDERSON, the use of firearms during the coxnmisSilon with no questions asked, President Car­ Longworth Bldg., of crimes. I feel that Bill H.R. 1559 will be · Washington, D.C. a deterrent. ter wm only encourage young people to DEAR SIR: I see by today's "Daily Breeze", During the past few years all crimes have escape, rather than work through the (Page D 3) that you have introduced legis­ increased throughout the United States. I system, in the future. He is also demean­ lation calling for mandatory prison terms feel the Courts are somewhat responsible ing those who served in Vietnam, wheth­ of at least five years for any one convicted for this because of recent Court decisions er or not they thought the war was right, of committing a federal crime with a fire and minimal penalties handed down to con­ and those who gave their lives for our ann_. . victed criminals. More mandatory penalty country there. One young man who serv­ If The "Breeze" is correct, let me be among laws should be enacted. the first to offer my thanks to you for your I support Bill #H.R. 1559 and urge its ed two tours of duty in Vietnam told the untiring efforts in behalf of all the decent enactment. American people last week: law-abiding citizens in our great nation. I do Yours very truly, I think Carter sold out every American vet hope you will be successful in your en­ JOHN J. TROUGBTON, Jr., llving and dead. If I had known this would deavors. I'll be watching with a great deal Shertff. February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5121 SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT, aviation and aerospace history ... Survival he predicted our energy problems and Bakersfield, Caltf., January 17,1977. of Lockheed as a going concern is clearly suggested what should be done to solve Hon. GLENN M. ANDERSON, vital to the national security.'' them. Member of Congress, House Office Building, On Oct. 24, 1970, after a personal trip to Washington, D.C. Lockheed at Dobbins Air Force Base, Mari­ This discussion by Dr. Schlesinger 5 DEAR CONGRESSMAN ANDERSON: Your pro­ etta, Georgia, I wrote, "Like every great per­ years ago began by noting: posal of mandatory penalties under H.R. 1559 former, the C-5 has had her ups and downs. As a nation we have begun to recognize has my unquallfied support. Until such time Up there (in the sky), she's a real bird ... that we have reached a condition in energy that the crlmlna.I element 1n this country The difference between the marvelous new affairs in which abundance and flexibility 1s made aware of the defindte period of con­ C-5 Galaxy Air Freighter and the small Air are passing and shortages and stringency of finement for each vlola.tion committed, we Force transport in which I flew to West Ber­ supply are believable. This 1s basic to the wm continue to see an unacceptable increase lin, shortly after the airlift that kept it free, widespread interest in formulating an en­ in crime. is as great as the difference between the old ergy policy, but we are far from a consensus This type of legislation is a step in the S.S. Olympia that crossed the Atlantic in 12 on the nature of the proper policy or even right directdon. days and the S.S. Queen Elizabeth . . . For on what features to include in a program Sincerely, peace and defense, we need the biggest, best of action. It will be difficult to develop or AL LOUST.A.LOT, and most capacious air freighters that our to implement an all-inclusive energy policy. Sheriff. industrialists, engineers, mechanics and de­ But defining the problems and informing the signers know how to build. Folks, if you could public are necessary, first steps toward solu­ see the C-5 soar up and away into the sky tion of the broader problem. BUFFALO RESCUE as I did, you'd say she's a real star." What a star she is today! As I noted, in the time since that Everybody knows that the C-5 saved Israel speech I believe we have made significant in the Yom Kippur War. progress in Dr. Schlesinger's goals of in­ HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. forming the public. OF INDIANA Now everybody ought to know that the C-5 (plus some C-130s and C-141s) saved In his speech, Dr. Schlesinger high­ 1N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES half a million Americans in the city of Buf­ lighted what many of the key points of Wednesday, February 23, 1977 falo during our peacetime weather crisis, a the overall energy philosophy have be­ natural catastrophe of the kind that can come. He began by talking about restruc­ Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, despite all strike any part of our nation for any reason. turing the energy approach: of the implications of our late and la­ The lesson of the C-5 rescue of Buffalo which took place on the very day President The solution may lie in the building of mented Great Dane, at the request of greater fiexib1Uty and diversity into the sup­ Alice Widener, I insert the following Jimmy Carter made his first fireside chat to ply situation rather than trying to find ways article which appeared in the Indian­ the American people, 1llustrates in remarka­ better to manage a touch-and-go situation. ble fashion the wisdom of the President's In the short-term this might mean measures apolis Star on February 9, 1977: statement, "Our nation was built on the [From the Indianapolis Star, Feb. 9, 1977] to augment stocks, standby capacity, and principle of work and not welfare-produc­ ready reserves ... It might require special BUFFALO RESCUE-8TAR GIVES GREAT PER­ tivity and not stagnation." FORMANCE incentives, taxes, regulation, and controls to Today, far too many vocal zealots are op­ assure that suppliers or consumers will im­ (By Alice Widener) posing the kind of brilliant, progressive pro­ plement the desired changes or pay for them. What can fiy through the sky with the ductivity in our nation that can solve our greatest of ease and rescue a snow and ice energy crisis and make our peace-defense Coupled with those changes is a second bound city of half a million population by m111tary establishment the best in the world. key element of that philosophy-insuring delivering a total of 2,000,000 pounds of Nothing better' 1llustrates the marvelous results. · heavy equipment and a battalion of the linkage of peace-defense equipment than the If we limit the import options and change Army engineering corps? Answer: the United C-5 Air Force transport plane. Best in de­ the pricing of domestic gas, there must be States Air Force C-5 built by Lockheed-the fense is best for ·peace. All Americans can be assurance that additional domestic fuel sup­ one that several members oi' Congress and and should be star performers. plies will be forthcoming and the cost must other backward-ho advocates tried not only be fairly predictable. The assumption that to ground but also to knock off the assembly any cost is acceptable and the consumer will line in the 1960s. THE ENERGY PROBLEMS AS SEEN readily pay is an illusion that may be quickly Today, the entire population of the city BY DR. SCHLESINGER AND THE dispelled. of Buffalo is indebted to the C-5 for a mas­ sive delivery of immensely heavy snow re­ YEAR AHEAD And Dr. Schlesinger went on to indi­ moval equipment such as four snow blowers cate that a third element of the philoso­ weighing 18,000 pounds each and five scoop HON. JOHN P. MURTHA phy must include long-range outlooks loaders weighing 268,000 pounds so that life­ built upon new approaches: saving paths could be cleared for delivery of OF PENNSYLVANIA medicines, medical attention, food, fuel and IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES I would like to see the Nation expand its other vital necessities. energy options, not restrict them. This means On Feb. 2, a Lockheed-built Air Force C-5 Wednesday, February 23, 1977 diversification of our energy R. & D. efforts took off from JFK International Airport in Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, no issue and encouragement of work on all the prom­ New York and one hour later landed at Buf­ ising technologies that can contribute toward facing Congress will continue to preplex an optimal energy economy. falo, lowered its ramp and disgorged four the Nation as much as the energy prob­ snow blowers and 20 operators on the run. Next, Dr. Schlesinger outlined the fact The equipment was furnished by New York lem. Unable to be solved by a "quick fix," City and the press is full of wonderful tales single bill, or generally agreed-to plan, that the problem goes well beyond energy about the N.Y. Snow Commandos winning the debate promises to be intricate and into areas that affect supply and demand the deep winter Battle of Bufialo. hotly contested. by using coal as an example: What the press also should be full of, in And well it should be. For in the energy Although gasification and liquefaction of my judgment, is highest praise for the U.S. policies we set in the months ahead will coal are high priority programs for industry, Air Force and Lockheed Aircraft for winning they should in no way detract from the long the battle of the C-5 a few years ago in the rest the economic development of the list of research programs to improve mining, face of bitterest possible opposition by mem­ United States for the remainder of this cleaning, transportation, and use of coal. bers of Congress and by the anti-m111tary ca­ century. bal in our nation. I am not among those, Mr. Speaker, I also agree with Dr. Schlesinger's early It was a very hard, nasty fight! I know who feel the years since the Arab oil em­ assessment of the need for a full role for because two of us in the press-Robert M. bargo have been wasted in the energy coal in the energy picture: Bleiberg, editor, Barron's National Business & field. Public information on the issue has In my judgment coal must maintain an Financial Weekly, and yours truly-got into increased greatly, 55 energy laws have important place in the energy economy of the fight on what was then the unpopular been passed by Congress, giving us a base the future. The magnitude of the problem side, the Air Force-Lockheed side--but even­ with which we are all struggling requires the tually became the winning, life-saving side. to build upon, and, most important, a maximum contribution from each of our fuel On Aug. 17, 1970, Barron's declared that general philosophy of approach has industries. Unless we are oblivious to the some senators' "escalated war" on Lockheed formed. serious implications of the growing ·depend­ was "indefensible" and reminded Americans, I was impressed by a speech given by ence on fuel imports . . . we shall want to "During the past half-century, Lockheed Air­ Presidential Energy Advisor James R. develop our domestic resources as fully as craft corporation time and again has made Schlesinger in June 1972. At that time practical. 5122 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 Finally, Dr. Schlesinger cited a con­ The NWLF was formed in the summer From that time, Jack Scott, Micki cern of many citizens in our Nation, and of 1974 by the fugitive members of the Scott, Kathy Soliah, Jim Kilgore, Pat came to a conclusion I endorse: Symbionese Liberation Army-SLA­ Jean McCarthy, and Jay Weiner were all This society should be able to attain its William and Emily Harris and Patricia frequent visitors to the imprisoned Willie goals for environmental improvement with­ Campbell Hearst-shortly after the May Brandt, whose attempts for parole have out sacrificing historical economic gains or 17 Los Angeles shootout in which six been repeatedly denied. rejecting important social values. SLA terrorists were killed. The SLA fugi­ A newly published book, "The Voices The key for the year ahead is to move tives fied back to San Francisco and en­ of Guns," by Vin McLellan and Paul from this general philosophical concept listed the support of the Bay Area Re­ Avery [G. P. Putnam: $14.95] has placed to policy specifics. As I indicated earlier, search Collective-BARC-an openly in the public domain a great deal of pre­ that will require some give-and-take and pro-SLA support group organized by viously unpublished detail gathered from involve some difficult votes by every Kathleen Ann Soliah, a friend of the persons who knew the various SLA mem­ Member of Congress. I would not pre­ SLA's dead Angela Atwood, and by per­ bers, from the court transcripts of sev­ tend to have all the answers, but I would sons associated with the fringes of the eral SLA trials, and apparently from FBI like to sight some principles and basics terrorist underground in Berkeley. 302 forms completed during extensive In a cassette tape recorded message post-conviction interviews with Patricia I believe belong in such a policy Hearst. Comparison of the McLellan and approach. from the three SLA survivors which was delivered by a contact to Pacifica radio Avery book with other material has pro­ First. Conservation__:_ There is no doubt vided considerable information on the we all share a burden for remaining station KPFK in Los Angeles, William Harris said: underground of radical activistS and New wasteful in our energy use. As President Left attorneys who helped hide the ter­ Carter said recently: We have come together in many different cells, • • • . We have taken many different rorist fugitives, carried messages between The amount of energy b~ing wasted which prisoners and the SLA, helped plan jail­ could be saved is greater than the total en­ meaningless names. But we are not hung up ergy that we are importing from foreign on names, for, as comrades-in-arms, we are breaks, and gave them money. one in our struggle for freedom. • • • let it Of the nine NWLF bombing units countries. be known that the Malcolm X Combat Unit which had appeared by 1976, only one Second. Independent audits-! also of the Symbionese Liberation Army [the Har­ was not a direct NWLF operation. The support President Carter's move for an r~ses and Hearst) proudly takes up the ban­ NWLF, in its various communiques had independent audit of energy supplies. ner of the New World Liberation Front. stated that the only criterion for becom­ Last year I suggested the U.S. Geological The NWLF's terrorist career com­ ing a member of the organization was Survey be assigned this task on a regular menced with a pipe bomb-which did going out and committing bombings or basis. I would stress the independent not explode-placed at the Burlingame, other acts of armed struggle. An appli­ audit needs to be ongoing. Calif., GMAC offices on August 6, 1974. cant organization soon appeared-the Third. Incentives-The Government The SLA's BARC "second team" included Emiliano Zapata unit. must provide incentives to expedite the Kathleen Soliah; her boyfriend, James The Zapata Unit also worked in close energy priorities. Last session and this I Kilgore; her younger brother and sister, association with an "above grbund" sup­ have supported legislation-to provide tax Steve and Josephine Soliah; Bonnie Jean port unit, the New Dawn Pwrty, and pub­ credits for home energy improvements. Wilder; Michael Bortin and his girl­ lished a proarmed struggle newspaper, Soon I will be introducing legislation to friend, Maoist activist Pat Jean McCar­ the People "'Jnited. Several Zapata Unit/ improve the tax picture for industries to thy. Members of the "second team" began New Dawn Party members were arrested adopt pollution control devices and to their bombings while the Harrises and late in 1975 in a Richmond, Calif. switch to alternate energy sources. Hearst were still being hidden by radical "safehouse." Daniel Gregg Adornetto Fourth. Uncertainty-The final point sports analyst and critic Jack Scott. pleaded guilty to possession of explosives is that Congress must remove the un­ The SLA's "second team" had previous­ charges and received the maximum 10- certainty that develops our Nation's pol­ ly been involved in revolutionary orga­ year sentence. However, Adornetto co­ icy around every energy source. We can­ nizations and terrorist actions. On March operated with law enforcement and pro­ not expect citizens, companies, and re­ 30, 1972, Berkeley police discovered vided information that a Cuban Com­ search facilities to operate in an un­ bombs, explosives, chemicals and a So­ munist saboteur was among the Zapata known climate. Toward that end, just as viet AK-47, a fully automatic assault Unit members who avoided being ar­ President Carter is setting a deadline for rifie, in a Berkeley garage. rested. This demonstrated. that although submission of his energy package, I would Three men were arrested in a. po!ictl the New Dawn Party professed a Maoist hope Congress would set a deadline for stakeout. They were William Brandt, ideology, they had received Cuban Com­ ourselves of dealing with all phases of with whom Wendy Yoshimura who had munist support. It has also been widely the energy crisis and insuring a coor­ rented the garage under the alias Anne reported that evidence was obtained dinated policy. Wong was living; Micha-el Bortin, a 1969 showing that Weather Underground fu­ As President Carter said in his remarks Berkeley SDS officer who was working gitive Jeff Jones had been in the Zapata to the Nation on energy, with Steve Soliah as a house painter; Unit house. We must face the fact that the energy and an SDS Weatherman from Law­ On August 9, 1976, four Zapata Unit/ shortage is permanent. There is no way we rence, Kansas, named Paul Rubenstein. New Dawn Party members pleaded guilty can solve it quickly. Rubenstein at the time of his arrest was to lesser charges of illegal possession With the efforts of all parts of our so­ living in a commune with Jim Kilgore, and storage of explosive materials. ciety, however, I am confident we can Steve Soliah, Soliah's girlfriend EmilY Janice Orson received a 1 %-year move toward the solutions over the Toback, Kathy Soliah, and Bortin's girl­ sentence; Ellen Kesend a 2%-year sen­ months ahead. friend, Pat Jean McCarthy, active in tence; Steven Scipes, 5 years; and Fred­ Venceremos and Bay Area Maoist circles. erick Salkind, the son of Isadore and Bortin and Rubenstein were sentenced Eleanor Salkind who in the 1940's ran TUG AND THE NEW WORLD LIBERA­ to a year in the county jail, but William the Thomas Jefferson bookstore for the TION FRONT Brandt received a 1- to 15-year State Communist Party, U.S.A. in Washington, prison sentence. Radical sports critic D.C., also received a 5-year sentence. HON. LARRY McDONALD Jack Scott and his common law wife Others involved with the Zapata Unit Micki McGee were friends of Jim Kil­ included Larry Kissinger and Steven OF GEORGIA Queener from whose father's business in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gore and Kathy Soliah. After the arrest of the revolutionary army band, Micki Idaho the explosives were obtained for Wednesday, February 23, 1977 McGee Scott 'lcleaned out" the Brandt/ Zapata Unit bombs. Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, from Yoshumura apartment while Jack Scott Another NWLF unit has appeared in the frequency and number of its bomb­ drove the fugitive Yoshimura first to Los New England-the Sam Melville/Jona­ ings, the New World Liberation Front­ Angeles and then arranged for her to be than Jackson Unit. To avoid confusion, NWLF-is the most active revolutionarY taken by the "underground" fo the east the NWLF west coast Jonathan Jackson/ terrorist group in this country. coast. Sam Melville Unit announced in Jan- February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS 5123 uary that it had changed its name to the or underground, the Bay Area Research lay I. Its primary objective is to relay in- . Eugene Kuhn Brigade, after an elderly Collective, P.O. Box 4344:, Berkeley, formation for the New World Libera­ man who froze to death in his unheated Calif. 94704, is in a state of collapse. As tion Front." house recently. The New England Mel­ its principal overt support of terrorism The principal :figures in PIR-1, TUG ville/Jackson Unit has taken credit for project, BARIC had published 10 issues and PNS are a 38·-year-old ex-convict several 'bombings during the spring and of "Dragon," a newsletter containing named Jack Rodgers, now using the summer of 1976 and is charged with the communiques, internal criticism by ter­ name Jacques Rogiers; and his 25-year­ attempted kidnaping of the president of rorist revolutionaries, and bomb and old companion, Andre Marie Lougher. the Polaroid Corp. Several accused mem­ fuse-making instructions. B.ARC in­ Rogiers and Lougher have repeatedly bers of the terrorist organization are now tended "Dragon' to provide "a dialog boasted to the press of their role as awaiting trial in Massachusetts. to alleviate the isolation of the under­ "NWLF couriers" in collecting NWLF At the present time a number of ground." communiques and redistributing them to BARC/SLA/NWLF personalities are fu­ Now after intensive investigation by the media on behalf of their underground gitives. They include Kathleen Ann Soli­ law enforcement agencies, financial comrades. ah; Josephine Soliah; Bonnie Jean Wild­ problems and the disappearance of its Rodgers served 5 years in the Califor­ er who was in the process of joining the leadership, BARC wants a lower profile. nia correctional system for narcotics police department when the· capture of In a letter circulated to its subscribers possession and was discharged from pa­ the Harrises, Yoshimura, and Hearst re­ and supporters in January, BARC said role in 1974. In February 1976, Rodgers vealed her belongings in the fugitives' they "need time to sit back and evaluate was arrested and charged with failing to apartments; and James Kilgore. Steve our successes and failures, digest the appear before a grand jury; however Soliah was acquitted of participating in changes we have gone through and dis­ contempt charges were later dropped. In an SLA bank robbery in Carmichael, cuss new. directions for our work as October 1976, Andre Lougher was ac­ Calif., in which a woman was shot to aboveground revolutionaries." quitted of charges of attempting to in­ death, reportedly by Kathleen Soliah, BARC continued: timidate a Federal grand jury investi­ after Soliah's long-term girlfriend pro­ We have observed that no matter how gating NWLF terrorism. vided him with an alibi. 'only after hard we try to keep things in perspective, we are misleading people-not only people On January 23, 1977, Rodgers was ar­ Soliah's case had gone to the jury was supporting guerrilla struggle, but those ac­ rested at his house at 423 Oak Street, it discovered that Emily Toback had lied. tively engaged in it. The revolutionary move­ San Francisco, Calif. 94102 [415/864- At the time of the bank robbery she and ment in this country is not large. Those 69531 which adjoins the TUG print shop Soliah were not in her apartment: she who support armed struggle comprise just and the PIR-1 office which has its own was at Folsom prison visiting an inmate. a small segment of the larger movement. Too press and photographic set up. A 6-hour Steve Soliah and Michael Bortin have often we have seen the comrades conclude, search by police resulted in the removal denied committing criminal acts. How­ after reading Dragon, that there is either of two truck-loads of paper and other ever, it appears that Bortin has since a large .clandestine network deeply rooted evidence. gone underground; he failed to appear in the masses or that one is just around the corner. We have never, nor do we now think TUG No. 4 was distributed after Rodg­ for a recent court hearing. that such is the case. ers' arrest by other PIR-1 members. This The NWLF has specialized in terrorist latest issue of NWLF communiques re­ extortion campaigns directed against Although BARC hopes to remain in inforces the position of the group as bay area businessmen and public of- existence as a collective "at least for the transnational terrorists, with state­ ficials. It has also joined the ranks of time being," it says "for us to continue ments of support for the Palestine Lib­ transnational terrorism. The NWLF's to go through the motions of publishing eration Organization-PLO-and threats predecessor, the Revolutionary Army, "Dragon" without political direction-or against the "Jewish-American ruling had bombed the Iranian consulate in San enthusiasm would be nothing more than class." Transnational terrorism is de­ Francisco during its short career. On pseudo-revolutionary busy work." fined as terrorist actions carried out by July 1, 1976, and again on September 10, Analysis indicates that BARC is suf- local terrorists in one country in sup­ 1976, the NWLF detonated powerful fering from the effects of the split in the port of terrorists in a different country. plastic explosives bombs at the home of Weather Underground Organization. A The New England Sam Melville/Jona­ the South African consul-general in San hard · core, the Revolutionary Commit­ than Jackson Unit, in a communique Francisco. The fact that the terrorists tee, wants to continue the WUO's tra­ taking credit for the attempted bomb­ attacked the consul's home, rather than dition of terrorist bombings. Another ing of the Union Carbide offices in Need­ his offices, and at night when he and his group of WUO regulars wants to surface ham, Mass., stated: family were asleep, clearly shows an at- and lead the American left in formation Our task in the belly of the beast must be tempted murder. Late in 1975, the NWLF of a new vanguard Marxist-Leninist to provide principled armed support to op­ targeted San Francisco public officials- party. BARe's ties to the now disinte­ pressed people who are struggling for lib­ the county supervisors-for terrorist grated aboveground WUO organization, eration. We must attack the enemy from extortion. the Prairie Fire Organizing Committee-- within. A thousand times we must attack the enemy for it is strong * * * and vulner­ On January 11, 1976, bombs were dis- PFOC-seem broken. And BARC/PFOC able • • *. We're involved in a War-A peo­ covered inside candy boxes mailed to activist Jeff Sokolow is now concentrat­ ple's war against those who oppress the Supervisors Quentin Kopp and John Bar- ing on writing for the Bay Area office people. This is war in the clearest sense of bagelata. When Supervisor Kopp's sec- of the "Guardian," an independent the word. retary opened the candy box, a piece of Maxist-Leninist weekly which supports cellophane fell between the circuit con- the Cuban, Vietnamese and Red Chinese The NWLF responded to Rodgers' ar­ tacts, preventing the bomb from explod- varieties of Marxism-Leninism. rest with new threats and bombings. The NWLF statement after the arrest said, ing. The other supervisors were immedi- NWLF AND TUG Your recent action against our courier, ately contacted by police. At the time of Although BARC is in a state of col- Jacques Rogiers, has left us with no choice their call, Supervisor Barbagelata's chil- lapse, the New World Liberation Front but to escalate our tactics. dren were coming back to the house from has a second support group operating in the post tossing the candy box bomb the San Francisco Bay area-the Peoples The NWLF stated that "death war­ casually in the air. Only providence kept Information Relay-1-PIR-1. PIR-1 rants" would be issued for Supervisors it from exploding in their hands. publishes another proterrorist journal, Kopp, Feinstein and Barbagelata; for NWLF bombings continued through- "The Urban Guerrilla-TUG-and oper­ San Francisco County Jail medical per­ out the year. On December g, 1976, the ates a terrorist press service, the PIR-1 sonnel Robert Mendel anc;l Barry Kra­ daughter of Supervisor Diane Feinstein News Service-PNS-which for a small mer; and for Assistant U.S. Attorney found a massive pipe bomb filled with · monthly fee will deliver fresh terrorist Raymond Bietz who unsuccessfully pros­ plastic explosive in a windowbox at the communiques to Bay Area media sub­ ecuted Andre Lougher, unless the family home.- The blasting cap had mis- scribers and phone them collect or mail NWLF's demands were met. fired. Had it exploded as intended, the them to more distant PNS subscribers. The NWLF communique set January house and most likely its occupants TUG was hailed by the Bay Area Re- 27 as their deadline. On the night of Jan­ would have been destroyed. search Collective as "a new publication uary 27, the NWLF struck, but not at With its true SLA leadership in jail put out by the People's Information Re- the named targets. Five bombs were EXTENSIONS OF-: REMARKS:. Febmtary ~3, 197"1

. HOSPIT4I,. PATD$N'P. Am ED , , . , , placed .m. $ PG&E ..subs .tation alongsi_de on their brilliant performance during the 1 ·transformers . and exploded. An esti­ last ·year. We owe a great deal to these ~- : E~ergency airlift.of ~g_ently n~eded biopd. mated $250,000 damage resulted. flyers who, through their brave and dedi­ and s'-'rvivalinstruments by the Idaho WiQg. On Feb_ruary 4, 1977, the NWLF deto­ cated efforts, have assisted rescue mis­ helped save the life of. a:· ho&pftal p~tient May 14. CAP completed the lifesaving mis­ nated .a ··pipe bomb placed under the sions throughout the country, saving sion in a little more than an hour after· re­ car of San Francisco District Attorney many lives. ceiving the call for help. CAP .. flew the Joseph Freitas. The car was parked out­ CAP SAVES 34 LIVES IN 1976 needed · blood and instruments from Sand side his home. An hour earlier, a.ilother Following are brief descriptions of the Point, Idaho, to Spokane, Wash., for use bomb had exploded in the Federal Im­ rescue missions in which Civil Air Patrol in the children's ward of the Sacred Heart migration Building, but . di~ little damage. was credited with saving a lif~ during 1976. ~osp11;ll,l. . " , A woman caller told Associated Press While most people throughout t,he nation A search for a 17-year-old girl, who w~s were celebrating the arrival of the new year on special medication for epilepsy, was con­ that the· Freitas bomb had been placed in January 1976, members of the Wyoming by the Lucio Cabanes Unit of the NWLF. cluded when the Wisconsin Wing aircrew lo­ Wing were busy assisting persons stranded cated her in a ditch six miles south of Coli­ A later typed message directed to a TV in a winter blizzard. Wyoming members used fax, Wise. Local law enforcement officials station said the bombs were in retalia­ four-wheel drive vehicles and worked were directed to the scene and rushed the tion for the arrest of Rodgers "our transporting stranded individuals to safety. girl to the hospital. Fifty-seven persons were assisted during the courier." MISSING MAN FOUND Rodgers-and previously Ande Lough­ two ·days, and CAP was credited with saving the lives of two of the people caught in the On June 12, a Wisconsin Wing ground er"7"are represented by National Law­ blizzard. search team saved the life of a man missing yers Guild activist J. Tony Serra, who The Florida Wing was credited on Jan. 9 from the Southern Colony Home. The man at a press conference on February 10 with saving the lives of a. couple missing was located near the Bong Recreation Area with Rodgers said, · overnight in a boat. Fifteen minutes after about 10 minutes before sunset with severe It is inferable that the group will stage taking off to assist in searching for the two weather forecast for the night. more armed acts because officials have not people, the CAP aircraft spotted the boat The last save recorded during the· first six met its demands. aground on a shallow bank. The sheriff's de­ months of the year was credited to the Ore­ partment was called to the scene and rescued gon Wing when it saved the life of an in­ Serra continued "infering" that "be­ the couple. · · jured hiker. The ground team located · the tween now and March 21-Rodgers' trial TWO SAVED missing hiker in less than three hours after date-more bombings will be claimed." A ground search team from the New York being notified of the emergency. He had fall­ Wing saved the lives of two people who en and broken his left shoulder and was un­ Rodgers then claimed that there was able to find his way out of the area. nothing illegal about being a member of crash~d Jan. 16 in a light aircraft near West­ and courier for a terrorist group, and chester, N.Y. CAP searchers were called into ELT USEFUL action after a cAP pilot who was making The 20th and 21st saves of the year came asserted he was charged not for acts of a_n approach landing to the airport picked extortion but for exercising his first . on Aug. 9 when an ELT again proved instru­ up a signal from the crashed aircraft's emer­ mental in helping save the lives of a pilot amendment rights as a newsman and gency looater transmitter (ELT) . - and passenger of a light aircraft which publisher to gather and disseminate An intensive six-day search in ·Alaska for crashed on the outskirts of Oakland, Calif. news. Despite the recent documentation a missing light aircraft was concluded suc­ The California Wing followed the ELT signal that Rodgers had advance knowiedge of cessfully on Jan. 22 with the recovery of the and directed a rescue team to the crash site NWLF bombings, he asserted his only pilot and his passenger. The missing plane for the recovery. was located in a remote area in Merrial Pass role with the terrorists was to "contrib­ northwest of Anchorage. Two saves were Two days of search efforts paid off Aug. 11 . ute information to the media." credited to the Anchorage CAP unit due to when the Maine Wing located a downed air­ Statements made by ACLU of North­ the remoteness of the area, cold winter tem­ craft by tracking its ELT signal. The light ern California Executive Director Fish­ peratures and the improbability of recovery aircraft had crashed on a flight from· Caribou, without assistance. · Maine, to Manchester, N.H. A U.S. Coast low indicate that the ACLU is supporting Guard helicopter was called to the crash Rodgers' claim to first amendment SAVE IN WASHINGTON scene and the pilot was hoisted aboard. immunity. Fast action by two members of the Wash­ ington Wing Jan. 29 proved to be instru­ TWO SAVED AUG. 15 Other members of the TUG/PIR-1/ mental in saving the life of a man who was Two saves were recorded on Aug. 15 when PNS collective include Cynthia Cole, Kit in critical condition after inhaling cyanide the Idaho Wing was credited with saving Bowden, and Marlene Tobias. They say gas. The CAP members transported some the life of a hospital patient through the Ande Lougher is "out of town" and un­ cyanide antitoxin from Spokane to Yakima, airlift of urgently needed rare blood and available for comment. Wash., to save the man's life. the Minnesota Wing saved the life of a miss­ Murderous terrorists like the NWLF, Two young Oregon hikers were saved Feb. 2 ing man. The 80-year-old man was spotted SLA and Weather Underground can onlY by a ground search team. The team located by a Minnesota aircrew and picked up by a be effectively combatted by thorough in­ the missing hikers on the 500-foot level of civUian ground team. vestigations by FederaJ and local law en­ Mt. Hood and turned them over to their CAP recorded its fifth live saved during parents. . the month of August with the emergency forcement of subversive groupg and their A missing light aircraft was spotted by the airlift of a wounded man on Aug. 26. The sympathizing networks. The draft legis­ Texas Wing on Feb. 14 and the unit was cred­ patient, a gunshot victim, was picked up lation prepared by the ACLU, Center for ited with saving the life of the pUot. After and transported from Clear, Alaska, to the National Security Studies, and Commit· pinpointing the location, the CAP members Fairbanks hospital by a CAP unit in Clear. tee for Public Justice would preclude in­ radioed the information to the local sheriff and the injured pilot was driven to a local The Colorado Wing concluded an intensive vestigation of these groups. I urge my hospital for treatment. six-day search for a missing light aircraft colleagues to reject such efforts. on Oct. 2 and was credited with saving the AIRLIFT OF BLOOD lives of the two persons aboard. The wreckage Two members of the Idaho Wing airlifted was located in the vicinity Of Monarch Pass three pints of blood from Spokane, Wash., to by the Colorado Wing. Ground vehicles were Bonner's Ferry, Idaho, on March 7 which 'called in to recover the survivors. CAP SAVES 34 LIVES IN 1976 helped save the life of a hospital patient. PAssENGER SAVED The blood was needed to stabllize a 79-year- old woman suffering from internal bleeding. CAP's 28th save of the year came Oct. 4 CAP and Air Force rescue forces joined to- when search crews of the Illlnois Wing lo­ HON. LESTER L. WOLFF gether to save the life of a pilot of a light cated a downed aircraft in the vicinity of OF NEW YORK aircraft which had broken through the ice Manteno, Ill. The local sheriff's department IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of a frozen lake near Skwentna, Alaska, was called to the scene and transported the March 29. The Anchorage CAP unit located surviving passenger to the Kankakee Hos­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 the downed aircraft and due to darkness, pital. The pilot was killed in the crash. · Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, it is with an Air Force aircraft was launched to con- During the last part of October and early great pride and pleasure that I bring to duct a. flare drop while a helicopter made the · November, four hunters were added to the pickup. list of lives saved by CAP in 1976. The Mon- the attention of my colleagues the many The ELT again proved helpful in saving tana Wing spotted an overdue hunter -on successful rescue miSsions accomplished the life of a downed pilot whose aircraft Oct. 27 and radioed his position to a private by the Civil Air Patrol during 1976. crashed in Texas in April. The Texas Wing helicopter in the vicinity. The man was sur­ I am proud to serve as a member of was credited with the sav~ after they "homed fering from exposure and disorientation. the Congressional Squadron of the CAP, in" on the ELT signal and directed a state On Oct. 30 the Colorado Wing saved the and congratulate my fellow CAP units heiicopter to the site for the recovery. life of a 15-year-old boy who had become ', February ·23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5125 lost while elk hunting. A CAP aircrew located ered and, if not corrected, can result in death. life of a hospital patient by airlifting urgent­ the boy and directed ground teams to the The New Mexico Wing saved the life of a ly needed blood. The CAP aircrew transported scene. hunter on Nov. 17 by reporting the lost man's the blood from Denver to Haxton, Colo. 3 0 MINUTES REQUIRED location to an Army National Guard heli­ The final save of the year came Dec. 17 It took the Wisconsin Wing less than 30 copter which picked him up. Six CAP air­ with the medical evacuation of a badly minutes to find a missing hunter on Nov. 8. craft participated in the two-day search for burned 11-year-old boy from Clear, Alaska, The hunter was found in good condition, but the man. to the Fairbanks hospital. The Clear CAP was suffering from hypothermia, a condition The 33rd life-saving effort in 1976 was on unit transported the injured boy and was in which the inner body temperature is low- Nov. 29 when the Colorado Wing saved the credited with the save.

CIVIL AIR PATROL SEARCH AND RESCUE STATISTICS-1976

State Missions Sorties Hours Saves Finds State Missions Sorties Hours Saves Fi.nds

Alabama ___ _------______14 61 155 0 10 Nebraska ______------4 8 17 0 0 Alaska ______------108 802 1, 785 4 46 Nevada ______17 173 390 0 8 Arizona _____ ------______33 254 619 0 11 New Hampshire ______3 58 87 0 1 Arkansas ______-- ____ -- __ 21 259 490 0 16 New Jersey ______4 97 237 0 2 California ______64 1, 074 1, 694 2 28 New Mexico ______25 714 1, 201 1 6 Colorado ______45 716 1, 233 5 21 New York _------15 59 559 2 6 Connecticut______3 12 19 0 2 North Carolina ______20 113 604 0 I 10 Delaware ______------____ 1 3 4 0 1 North Dakota ______4 7 17 0 3 Florida ______31 122 193 2 20 Ohio ______------26 183 392 0 12 20 127 226 0 7 Oklahoma ______---- 10 190 337 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oregon ______------____ 21 214 352 3 3 ~i~!iIdaho i_ia_----~_____ ~=_ ==___ =~_ =__=_== ___ == __==__== 17 49 81 3 4 Pennsylvania ______33 50 76 0 11 Illinois ______13 103 240 1 7 Puerto Rico ______1 10 20 0 0 Indiana __ ------16 31 68 0 9 Rhode Island ______2 15 23 0 0 Iowa ______-- 3 6 12 0 2 South Carolina ______6 51 102 0 I 4 Kansas ______12 30 60 0 I 3 South Dakota_------13 30 55 0 10 7 37 95 0 1 Tennessee ______------18 137 . 231 0 9 14 55 83 0 7 Texas ______------35 855 1, 684 2 16 ~:~~~~~Maine ______~== ==__=_=_=_ =______======6 50 95 1 6 Utah ______15 367 679 0 4 Maryland ______4 2 3 0 1 Vermont______1 27 29 0 0 Massachusetts ______5 344 552 0 3 Virginia ______28 141 222 0 I 15 Michigan ______9 249 624 0 4 Washington ____ ------11 403 717 1 1 Minnesota ______6 40 64 1 1 8 94 168 0 0 6 42 1()1 0 4 11 130 257 3 48 10 46 78 0 17 Wyoming~r:~o~~~i~~~ _____ ~=_ =__=====______======6 214 533 2 2 Montana~~~~~s~~r-~~ _____= === ___ == ==____ ====___ ==_ ==__ 6 17 39 1 1 National CapitaL------4 4 2 0 I 2 TotaL ______------317 8, 875 17, 604 34 395

1 find shared with another wing.

INDIVIDUAL INITIATIVE HELPS lower than wholesale. During the trips, for $1. They also bought bags of beautiful SENIOR CITIZENS: SARI MITCH­ Sari and her Inflation Fighters, Barbara tomatoes at 19 cents a pound. For $1 they bought eight pounds of Delicious apples or ELL AND HER INFLATION FIGHT­ Strasser and Harry Huett, give nutri­ four large eggplants or eight cucumbers or ERS tional tips and money saving ideas to 10 small cauliflowers or eight cantaloupes or their passengers. three large honeydews or eight pounds of The seniors love it, the farmers love it, onions. Six bell peppers were 25 cepts and HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN and Sari and her coworkers love it. four red peppers were 25 cents and pinto OF CALIFORNIA I commend Sari and her Infia tion beans were 39 cents a pound. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Fighters for their valuable service to the PACKED A LUNCH Wednesday, February 23, 1977 elderly of the Los Angeles area. Their They all felt it was more than worthwhile personal commitment and caring do packing a 1unch and paying $5 for the bus­ Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, Congress what no bureaucrat or Federal fund can. trip to join Sari'S Inflation Fighters. They has long wrestled with the problems These Los Angelenos allow the elderly to had a beautiful day-long ride up Pacific which face our elderly citizens: The enjoy themselves while coping with Coast Highway into the farmland. They problem of loneliness, the problem of bought produce, meat, and eggs at discount getting out and around, the problem of infiat~on. prices. They stopped off at a winery for a Mr. Speaker, so that my colleagues tasting. They had fun and fellowship- a day buying food on a dwindling real income, may be made familiar with the good out with a bright, young tour leader and a and the problem of meeting nutritional work of Sari Mitchell's organization­ marathon-talking hardworking and helpful needs. Unfortunately, congressional so­ and hopefully learn something from it­ bus driver. lutions to these problems usually take I include articles from the Oxnard Press A word here about Sari Mitchell who runs the form of mammoth bureaucratic pro­ Courier and the Los Angeles Times in the buying tours as well as occasional and grams that are both ineffective and im­ inexpensive tours for seniors to San Diego, the CONGREISSIONAL RECORD: San Francisco and Las. Vegas, with Barbara personal. [From the Los Angeles Times, Nov. 20, 1975) Congress could learn something from Strasser and Harry Heuitt. Los Angeles' Sari Mitchell· and her In­ SENIORS ON A BARGAIN BINGE $3000 BAKE-OFF WINNER flation Fighters, (By Jean Bennett) Sari Mitchell was born in Mississippi, The local school teacher and housewife raised in Chicago and attended the Univer­ Sari Mitchell is a young and lovely both claimed the produce was second-rate sity of Colorado . .She was a $3,000 Bake-Off lady who has succeeded in doing what because all the good stuff was sent to the winner for her "Hawaiian Tuna Puffs." The 535 men in Washington-aided by a big-city markets. But they were pushing fact that at the time she was BY:! months nationwide bureaucracy-have been un­ loaded carts through the checkout where pregnant and the Pillsbury Company sent a able to do: help the elderly help them­ owners Nick Marsis and Jess Avila were doctor to accompany her from Chicago to selves. This top local television person­ bagging boxing and overworking the cash the 1961 Bake-Off in Los Angeles is the type ality has created an imaginative new register. And two busloads of quiet descern­ of thing that ju~ seems to happen to her. ing senior citizens from South Los Angeles Now Sari has a full-time job to support her service to the elderly. As a member of thought the fruit and vegetables were just four children who range in age from 5 to 15 the Mayor's Council on Senior Citizens, fine, thank you, shopped like fury and left because so far none of the tours has ever Sari arranged for daily buses to take about $700 at the "Sunny Nik" produce stand netted these three people more than $35 hundreds of elderly to agricultural areas at the five-road, interseotion in quaint each-what with $100-a-day bus rental, free surrounding greater Los Angeles. Al­ Oxnard. cold drinks and telephone. Sari does radio, though no longer a member of the coun­ These people, representatives of 22 senior television and has published three books. cil, Sari continues her fine work as part citizen clubs in Los Angeles, all on Social These art forms revolve around her ability of the We the People Foundation, under Security and only a few having small addi­ to turn junk into treasure. the chairmanship of Mr. A. John Merlo. tional pensions, saw that the produce was As the bus rolls along, she and Harry good and the price certainly right. Some Heuitt vie for the mike. He jokes, his captive When the seniors arrive in the agri­ with lots of fun left in them bought audience laughs and gently chides him. cultural areas, they may not only have absolutely huge pumpkins for $2 and then She entertains by giving out money-saving an enjoyable outing, but purchase food had to help each other lift them. Those of tips. How about filling holes in plaster walls direct from the farmers at prices much frailer spirit, bought normal-sized pumpkins with toothpaste, cleaning silver in water in 5126 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 which Irish potatoes have been boiled, or on Wolff Road. for lunch and complimentary I see quite a different future. Indeed, it what about cleaning off rust with a mixture milk. Wonder Bread Bakery in Camarmo and would perhaps not be too strong to say that of apple cider, vinegar and water. Brookside Winery in Ventura were also on I see the end of the computer era as we know She passed out free sodas, held onto the the agenda. it today. I believe that most of today's com­ backs of seats as the bus winged along and The three Angelenos behind Inflation puters will be replaced by quite different ma­ said, "We love seniors. We prefer them to Fighters are Sari Mitchell, Barbara Strasser chines, machines that will make today's young people and we want to help them." and Harry Huett, who provide bus transpor­ number crunching computing systems as At the produce stand, · Heuitt had loaded tation and scout around for bargains. obsolete as the dinosaur. And the basic factor the luggage compartment of the bus with "I used to come up here to shop. I would that wm force this transformation is what each person's bags and boxes, stapling a slip ma.ke it like an outing. It's fresh, it's rural, we prosaically call "data base management." of paper with a number to each. Then to it's charming," said Sari Mitchell, who works The truth is that today•s computers are the Saticoy Meat Packing Co., 1691 Los An­ with the Mayors Council on Aging in Los wonderfully efficient at performing complex geles Ave., Saticoy, where in addition to be­ Angeles. mathematical calculations-but they are ing granted · wholesale prices an additional She wanted to share her bargain-finding woefully deficient at all those storing, sort­ 5% discount is given to Inflation Fighters• knack with senior citizens. ing, and fetching operations that are involved buses. Harry placed all the meat packages on Mrs. Mitchell did volunteer work with the in data base management. However, these dry ice in the holds. One woman bought $62 seniors helping them recycle second-hand mundane tasks constitute 90 percent of what worth wholesale, paying $59 for it. A random items into usable treasures. (She has writ­ we ask computers to do today. In other words, listing per pound retail is: bacon $1.89; pork ten a. book, "Junk for Joy," and has been the computer industry has gone through butt roast, $1.29; pork shoulder roast $1.05; signed to do a nationally syndicated tele­ three generations of development to perfect country spare ribs $1.29; center cut pork vision show, "Sari's Treasure Chest.") machi'nes optimized for 10 percent of -the chops $1.75; loin lamb chops 99 cents; crown Seniors from different city and county workload. roast of lamb $1.19; veal steak $1.19; leg of recreation centers, churches and banks con­ Moreover, that workload disparity will in­ lamb $1.29; chuck steak 69 cents; T-bone tact Inflation Fighters when they want to exorably widen in the years ahead. As data steak $1.89; leanest ground beef $1.09; chuck take advantage of the one-day trips. (The processing becomes an ever more pervasive ground 79 cents; corned beef $1.09; boneless seniors are taken to Redlands to buy chick­ part of our everyday lives, the new applica­ rolled roast $1.55; filet mignon $2.29. The ens and turkeys for Thanksgiving, Lancas­ tions wm have little need for complex arith­ meat was excellent in appearance and, as ter for cherries ana Indio and Palm Springs metic calculations. Rather they will have a Mrs. Shackelford said, ·was trimmed well. for nuts and dates.) Cost of the transpor­ simple primary need to query a data base Naturally, the amount of money at hand tation is $5. and get a specific answer as quickly and and the amount of storage at home deter­ "Seniors don't have cars and they can't cheaply as possible. Simple as that need may ·mined the size of the purchases. A number walk far. They love one-day trips," said Mrs. be, it presents what I regard as virtually in­ of people said they had upright freezers. Mitchell, a former P111sbury Bake-off winner surmountable problems for the computers Several said they had only small units in in 1961. we have today. their refrigerators. Others said they could For an hour, the group poked among the To appreciate the reasons for this anom­ use freezers of friends. Still others bo'Qgtht in fresh produce sections, examining lemons, aly, you must understand why they have large quantity to share with stay-at-homes. grapes, plums, bananas, potatoes and toma­ evolved as they have. The early computers Mrs. Evans admitted she was glad she came, toes. were principally asked to do complex arith­ although it had been a big joint effort to "One little wo.ma.n who has been on 12 metic calculations. They were asked to do get her on the trip. And it was always she trips with us said she has bought a freezer simpler data manipulation operations as who was the last shopper, carefully selecting since she's been going on shopping trips well, but since it was hard enough to sell her merchandise, slowly climbing back on with us," said Mrs. Mitchell. one computer, much less two, in those days, the bus, her white lhat square on her head, designers naturally structured their ma­ while her peers waited patiently. chines for the more difficult task. As a result, Next stop was the S & K Ranch at Moor­ the computer architect became optimized for park where only Sari Mitchell is allowed out COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY such necessary esoterica as double precision of the bus sin{)e humans can give diseases arithmetic. Each subsequent generation of to chickens. Price for large, fresh eggs to the computers followed this path, leading to the Inflation Fighters was 59 cents a dozen. HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE enormously complex adding machines we S & K sells them to stores for 66 cents a OF TEXAS have today. dozen, to the public for 71. The 27th bus IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Now, those complex 30 x 30 matrices, those tour Nov. 11 purchased 77 dozen eggs. Sari sophisticated instruction sets, and all the collected tJhe egg money \n her hat that at Wednesday, February 23, 1977 data redundancy needed for number crunch­ another time had doubled as a litter bag Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Spea-ker, in a re­ ing uses up a great deal of CPU time. More­ and st111 another as a cold soda can dis­ cent address to the American Institute of over, the executive routines, the operating penser. systems, and the memory configurations are The last stop was at Brookside where Har­ Industrial Engineers, Dr. George E. Muel­ carefully tailored to meet the requirements vey Reese had spread out cheese, crackers ler discussed the problems and solutions of complex arithmetic calcula.tiQns. They and five wines for tasting and where some confronting us in the field of computer perform these functions very well too, but of the elders bought a bottle or two and technology. Dr. Mueller's remarks merit that very excellence has made their applica­ made it quite clear that it was for medicinal attention, I believe, not only because of tion to data base management functions a purposes only. their relevance to our own responsibili­ diftlcult and inefficient task. The result, Harry Heuitt, whose regular job begins at ties in authorizing and appropriating even in this age of microminiaturization, 5 a.m. daily when he buses 40 commuters has been large banks of computers \\nd stor­ to Los Angeles from Westlake, had stowed funds for Federal programs, but also be­ age devices in order to fulfill an organiza­ the vast quantities of food so packages cause of their significance to our society tion's total processing needs. Adding a new could be removed with the least amount of generally. A key passage of Dr. Mueller's data base access function today involves a confusion at each of four stops. Bus tours speech states : contest between the programmer and the had always ended at 3 p.m., Sari said, but The truth is that today's computers are computer. Since the computer's architec­ because these folk had bought so much, the wonderfully efficient at performing complex ture is so structured ll.nd inflexible, the·com­ last of the 38 riders were not dropped off mathematical calculations-but they are puter invariably wins such a contest. The until 5:30 p.m. It was dark and it was hard woefully deficient at all those storing, sort­ programmer must resort to convoluted paths to sort out the last of the precious loot. One ing, and fetching operations that are involved and excessive time and storage just to en­ package seemed to be missing, its owner in data base management. However, these able his company to keep track of inventory. distraught until Sari found it on the bus. mundane tasks constitute 90% of what we This year's Mars Viking landing is cer­ "Now you can smile again," she said. ask computers to do today. In other words, tainly 11lustra.tive of the situation we have Truth of the matter i~. everybody was the computer industry has gone through gotten ourselves into. Certainly, the guid­ sm111ng. three generations of development to perfect ance of the vehicle required complex calcu­ machines optimized for 10% of the workload. lations, but by far the largest processing job [From the Press-Courier, July 19, 1967] was tagging and storing data for retrieval SENIORS HUNT BARGAINS IN OXNARD I am enclosing a copy of Dr. Mueller's and evaluation. About the most complex (By Jane Nolan) address in the RECORD for 'the considera­ computation required on this latter role· was multiplying by a constant. Yet banks upon Oxnard beca.me a cornucopia of bargains tion of my colleagues: ADDRESS OF DR. GEORGE E. MUELLER banks of essentially identical computers Thursday for a group of Los Angeles senior were called upon to perform both types of citizens. I've been asked to speak on "What's ahead The 40 men and women were on an outing for data base systems?" Implicit in that ques­ processing tasks, and they were only mar­ sponsored by Inflation Fighters which has tion is a basic presumption that we'll con­ ginally effective in keeping up with the made 175 trips to Oxnard in the last eight tinue to do things pretty much as we are stream of data. pouring back from Mars. months. The seniors made their first stop now-perhaps with some fancier terminals The problem is certainly not limited to a. at Donlon Farms, sho~ping for fresh prod­ or some clever new programming legerde­ major sdentific project like Mars Viking. A uce. They next stopped at Chase Bros. Dairy main. normal meteorological satellite w111 saturate February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5·127 even the biggest of today's computers. It is batches; in record-by-track systems, this intelligent terminals accessing a common inefficient; it is costly; but it is the best we precaution involves entire tracks, but in any data base. I~ such a large, dispersed system, can do with today's computer designs. More- event a "holey" disk is inevitable if contigu- the bulk of the data entry and processing over, these problems and costs vary only in ous space is to be allocated for the maximum will undoubtedly be performed on a batch degree from those faced by businesses in us- batch size. The other alternative is dynamic basis locally with transmission of compacted·, ing their computers for such everyday ac- disk allocation, whereby a batch is packed formatted data at night. tivities as inventory and payroll. in pieces in whatever spaces are available on The system will be so designed that clerks Remember, too, that we're not asking the disk. This alternative suffers from the can enter data and access the data base using . much of our computers yet in the matter of excessive amount of time required to record free-form English commands. The intelligent data. base management. As we move toward and subsequently address that data in that terminals will probably provide cues on the a. pape·rless society, t he demands for efficient batch. Neither alternative is efficient, and display screen ('or perhaps audibly) so that storage and retrieval will become ever more an entirely new approach is needed ··to per- relatively unskilled operators wlll be sure a.cute. When we abandon the crutch of the mit automatic compaction of data, yet still to enter all needed commands, and will be ubiquitous computer readout--! wonder if enable all necessary expansion and immedi- alerted when they have made input errors. we ever will, entirely-more and more of our ate access of the complete file without delay. Initially, there will probably be printers at records will be relegated to electronic storage. The second requirement for efficient mass each terminal, but as we move closer to the Even if the paperless society is far off now, memory utilization is the elimination of paperless society, the requested data will we can already see applications crying for redundancies. Today's computer systems simply be displayed to the operator. efficient data base management systems pop- store huge amounts of redundant data-in- The clerk will ask, "What is the status of ping up every day. Banks are turning to elec- eluding all that blank space-simply because Part No. 123456?'' and the system will display tronic funds transfer; when a customer the computer architecture is such that data some such answer as "572 units are in inven­ makes a purchase, his file must be searched cannot be recovered in a usable form unless tory in Moline." In the same transaction, and modified with a minimum of delay. it is recorded in a pre-set file format. Hence, the clerk could order the part using his term- Businesses are linking their manufacturing since it is now very inefficient to use the inal, and the system would automatically plants and their sales offices over phone lines CPU for multiple fetching and reformating transmit the instruction to Moline and mod­ and all share a common data base; when a of common data for different applications, ify the data base records accordingly. customer wants to know if an item is in stock, files are maintained on disks for each appli- There's nothing particularly new in this or when he can take delivery, the file for that entire flow-except that it will be done slm- part must be searched and perhaps modi- cation, even though much common data is ply and efficiently, because the machine is maintained from file to file. fied~agMn with a minimum of delay. The Another major change that will be re- designed specifically for data base access. pressures are steadily mounting for a com- Since the complexity of today's number mon data base for maintaining records quired to effectively implement a respon- crunching computers wm not be needed, the needed by various government agencies. The sive data base system is the system access data base processing and storage equipment incipient explosion of the word processing provisions. Even in the "simplest" time-shar- can be much more compact and less,- expen­ market may well double electronic storage ing systems today, a trained programmer sive. We won't need 100 .MIP machines. The requirements before 1980. is needed to enter and retrieve data efficient- peripherals and I/0 equipment can be much We simply won't be able ·to meet these ly. Languages such as BASIC have helped more efficient. We can take advantage of the growing demands by m aking our number somewhat, but operators still must - be remarkable breakthroughs .in size and cosrt of crunching computers bigger and faster. For trained, and generally the programs they computer modules we are starting to see to­ both technical and economic reasons, we are write are extremely inefficient in terms of day. I estimate that we'll be able to store and ne!'Lring the end of the line on that brute number of fetches, mass mell,lory allocation, process at least a bibliography of all the liter­ foree approach. The ·magnitude of the data and the like. - ature in the U.S. using a system no larger base management role is reaching such pro- The new system architecture must allow than a conventional office desk. Today, if portions that a radically different approach for the fact that tomorrow's systems will be anyone everi ·attempted such a gargantuan is -essential. used by clerks, not programmers. Ideally the . task; ·r suspect he would need at least a room There is no question in my mind but that clerk should be able to enter a request in full of data proc~ing equipment. an· entirely new type of processor will be free-form English without resort'ing to spe- One iriter'esting possibillty that may well developed in the next five to ten years, and cial key words, mnemonics, or special sym- affect· the .course of data base management that this new machine will be optimized bois. The system should not even demand systems l:n .. the development of votce con­ for . data base management functions. I sup- that, the clerk spell correctly, or enter the trolled computers coupl~ with artificial in­ pose, out of l).abit, we'll still call them com- request in any structured order. In effect, telligence. These devi~es w:ould per~t an op­ puters, but they will be very different from the system should re.Spond to ~he clerk just erator to provide commands orally .to the rna­ the· computers we know today. With the as if it were a1;1other ·person. chine and receive data from the machine in lower hardware costs resulting from large The ·· s!'lcond major area of developJ;llent. voice form also. When this development is scale ·integration . devices, we will no longer needed is. the storage medium itself: ·There perfected; ·the operator -Win be able to talk be_ economically required to force-fit a num- is no doubt in my mind that we c.annot afford normally to ·the computer in an· interl!tct1ve be,t crun9hing _computer to data base man- to rely solely on electromechanical devices oral :exChange: More<>ver, the · reql.lest need ag,ement f~nctions. We will be able to afford- such as disks and magnetic tapes .• Not only not ·be structured as-it- is today; I:hs~d of two types of processors.- The workhorse rna- are the storage requirements going to grow . issuing an instruction such as "Access File X, . chine will handle all the data base manage- tremendously, b.ut faiksafe operation will be Segment Y," the· operatOr· can· simply . say, ment functions that will so predominate. extremely important. As · we move toward a "Tell me:what the market 'did tod8.y." '· The few Percent of the tasks requiring t:'bin- .. paperless society, more and more of our es- Perfection of· voice controlled 'machines is plicP.ted calculations · will be handled·. by -·· sential reoords will be stored exclusively on pro'b.ably1lO lyears in the····future, ·depending stripped.:do\vn versions of today's computers. these devices. Electromechanical devices in- on funding;· but it is- signirtcant that we ·have What's needed ·to develop these new data·- herently are subject to breakdown_, al_l even.. macl_lines with a "1000-word v6cabulary right base mamagement machines? Essentially, tuality that would at best disrupt the system, now. I expect.that these devfces initially will we?ll n~~ - t:Q.ree d~V !'lopments7""first ,. : a tira.nd and at worst cause these essentia--l ·records to be,:used· as input-output adjuncts· to data new ar9l1i~e~~ut;e.; pptimJze_d for data ba.Se · be _irrevocably lost. It appears to me that base· management systems. They wiil perfonn managem~n:t ; . second, '!;>etter ·• mass :storage these electromechanic~l storage media will be their· primary input functions of·votce recog­ har.dware and techniques; third7 better secu:.. replaced.:bY fai'l•saf~; ~ost-effective &olid state nition and automatic translation into ma- rity .al\d privacy systems. · mass ~e.tnor~es. ·. . . -- . . ~ chine gode, , and ,~:fl~ir o.~tput functions of At hough the new architecture will - be Fortunately, ~e · are. -on tl:\e .. verge ·of 8 tra~lating macJ:?:ine ~ode . into English Ian- strikingly ,different· from that:· used in today's breakthz:o~gh in_ I,nemories. ' ~e wor~ on guage .·eq\liValeruts -!'Ln~: . issuing semantically coll):puters-; · I do notr..- feel that it wnl be ex- .'} electr~n-b~a~. l~s~r • .a~d · s_up~_r:-~oc;>led mem- ·valid. qata. pensive to develop.:;·In effect,H hiS "a'i'cht:tec.: : ori~ ·1:'> . ex~r~mely - promising:· -- The -use :· of · Although these devices will initially be ture will ellmi-nate'tnany of the.ovi:n•head and · magne~ic bul;>p ~ es as a storage medium 1s just mcxlular adjuncts to the prii11&ry ·data base cataloging .functions that 'use· up so. mu·ch starF.ing to ~e~.~xploited but I see no.· t~chno- sys•tetps. l · ~xpect· that in supseq\lent genera­ CPU time and ·wm 1rsubstitute an · insttuc.:: logi(!al reason why this could not be a ·viable tiollS 'tlley will influence the Wta.I system de.­ tion set··optimized for' the information star- apprcoach. Allin all, I am confident that cost- sign. These later systelllS wlll ,be (iesigned to age functions of addressing, sor.-y.t-:,output m~ules. 11;1 th,ts way, these tecture .. Today's computers are quite waste- to builQ, spect~cularly different _a~d larger pa~llel developments will converge, perhaps ful of niass 'memory for two principal rea- · dat!i< base management· systems. - ·' · in the 1990's. . . . . , .. sons. First, the file-systems inherentlf,-esui.tC ' What might such a system look like? Well, . Here I am, tal,king · aQo.ut secon.~' genera... . in substantial areas of the disk being uii- I certainly exp~t that a typical syste~· wn1 · 'tion dat~ b~se I?Y~t~zps, , and ~e ~r,~ ,i;i; ; )ven used ~ ' In order' td aJlow for recording of large be quite large with geographically d1spe~ed :close to the _first gen~r-~tion sy~t~ms. H~w files;' a· pr6grami:ne'i'-1faces a Hobson's ch~ice. elements ~;obably llnke~ by voice-grade "will we ~et to these .first, truly ~~~pive sy,s-. One·alternative is to' allot a larger contiguous · commuhicat10ns links. The pr~c. essing , ~le- terns? I am sure that the path will be . tp.e file· s'pa:ce than needed for the majority of his · merits w!ll ·undoubtedly' be distributed, with same as it was for computers. The first of CX:Xill--323-Part 4 5128 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 the new machines will be developed to meet I am confident, however, that the current the ranks of taxpayers instead of receiving government needs, then business, and finally legislative tangle will not last long. The eco­ tax-free unemployment compensation and the huge consumer market. · nomic pressures for emcient data processing welfare payments. The Republicans say it's Why the government first? It's not just are simply too overwhelming. Just as indus­ too expensive to put our people back to the more readily available funding; it's also try is being stimulated to overcome the few work. I say it's too expensive not to. the enormous data base inherent to modern technical barriers sttll remaining, so I think Tax reform. If I'm elected, we're going to government operations. Moreover, the size legislators wm eventually be stimulated to reform our tax laws to make them simpler, of this data base is greatly influenced by the enact legislation that wm permit more ef.. fairer, and more emcient. In 1974 there were widespread duplication of data. IRS data is ftcient government and business without 244 people with incomes over $200,000 who duplicated by census data, which is dupll­ compromising personal privacy. When this didn't pay one cent in federal income tax. cated by security data, ad infinitum. This occurs, we will see the end of the computer We're going to close the loopholes and the duplication is becoming prohibitively expen­ age and the natural evolution into the age tax shelters which permit that kind of an sive, and it is a problem for which a data of emcient shared data base processing. outrage. Under our tax reform, low and base management system is an ideal solu­ In summary, data base management has middle income taxpayers who earn their liv­ tion. Certainly, the storage costs could be already emerged as the biggest and fastest ing from wages and salaries wlll pay less cut in half. growing use of computers. Today•s computers taxes beea use we wlll shift some of the tax Business should benefit directly and quickly simply aren't good enough for the new work­ burden to those individuals and corporations once system architectures and hardware are load. We must design machines specifically who take advantage of the special interest developed for the government market. As for this task, or we will be overwhelmed by shelters and loopholes which we wm elimi­ we have seen in the evolution of computers, the magnitude of the data involved. There nate. The tax values of legitimate deduc­ the normal course of free enterprise wlll 1s no reason why we cannot design such tions, such as the interest on home mort­ quickly stimulate manufacturers to adapt machines. The technology largely exists to­ gages, wlll be retained. systems for the needs of large businesses, day. However, we must recognize that cur­ then smaller and smaller businesses, until rent privacy legislative proposals represent a EXTRACT FRoM PRESS BRIEFING ON DEFENSE the systems are as pervasive as computers are major threat to the emcient data base man­ ADVISORY SESSION today. The process may occur even more agement we so badly need: Privacy legisla­ PLAINS, GA ., JULY 27, 1976 quickly than did the proliferation of com­ tion dictating the organization and main­ Question. Governor, could I ask you, in puters, since these machines wm be de­ tenance of centralized data files must be in­ your campaign obviously you are going to signed for the primary processing needs of telllgently implemented. Otherwise, all our have to address this, can you tell us businesses, and they wm be operable by un­ technology is for nought. whether the defense budget you wm be trained personnel. recommending in your campaign will be I see no insurmountable technical barriers roughly equivalent to the present defense to this new processing era, but I do see a budget, somewhat higher, or somewhat legislative stumbllng block that could cause lower? significant delays. The issue I am referring MR. CARTER AND THE ISSUES Governor CARTER. I can't answer that ques­ to is privacy. Not security, since I feel that tion yet. My belief, which has not been encryption devices wm certainly be added to shaken, is that compared to the present prevent unauthorized access to privileged HON. ELFORD A. CEDERBERG defense budget, as it evolves from one year data. Privacy, however, is a much stickier OF MICHIGAN to another, no matter what the level is issue. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that a saving can be realized of roughly 6 The present legislative situation regarding percent through some of the changes that privacy can best be described as chaotic, but Wednesday, February 23, 1977 I've advocated over a long period of time. if there is a trend, it is away from common CEDERBERG M s k th But I can't give you at this point an exact data bases. The Privacy Act and various state Mr. f ·. r. pea ~er, . e figure for the next year or the following laws evidence a supposition that since com- material re erred to m the body of the year's defense budget. puters permit better records, they are a grow- . RECORD follows: ' Question. I take it the savings may be ing threat to personal privacy. If yOU read JIMMY CARTER ON THE ECONOMIC ISSUES eaten up by the need for development of these laws literally, they imply that data Inflation and unemployment. The Repub- weapons or other rna tters. bases not be maintained at all. Of course, this lican Administration has tried to fight intla­ Governor CARTER. No matter what the level is honored more in the breach than the ob- tion with high unemployment and record of the defense budget might be, to give us servance, but it does point up current atti- high interest rates. The result has been the an adequate security force. The changes in tudes that stand in the way of emcient data worst unemployment since the Depression, the deployment of our armed forces, reduc­ base systems. the highest average rate of inflation for any tion in troops overseas, a change 1n the There is such a basic 11logic to this whole Administration in over 50 years, and the personnel policies of our country, an ellml­ situation that it can only be based upon the highest interest rates since the Civil War. nation of .unnecessary functions of the De­ fact that legislators, at least, do not fully un- I pledge that if I'm elected, we wm never fense Department, all that can stlll result derstand how processors work. Certainly use unemployment and recession as a tool to in the savings that I've outlined--$5-$7 there is no technical reason why we cannot fight inftation. We will put into place a billion, which would be about 5%. design a system of shared files without com- coordinated set of programs which will re­ promising privacy. Moreover, a citizen prob- duce overall unemployment to 4 % and in­ FEBRUARY 22, 1977. ably has more privacy with electronic rec- fiatlon to 4 % or less by the end of my first To: Mr. Cederberg. ords than he did with the old system of hard term. From: Minority Staff, Appropriations com­ copy records. stm, there 1s a great concern Achieving a balanced budget. During the mittee. that a citizen's reco~ will be abused pre- past eight years, the Republlcan Administra­ Re President Carter's Revisions of President sumably by some government or b~iness tion has ' given us the largest deficits and Ford's Budget. employee who w111 use the more complete the most unbalanced budgets in the history For fiscal 1977, President Carter's revisions picture to the detriment of the citizen. The of our country. Mr. Ford's $65 b111ion deficit of President Ford's budget would result in specter of a pollee state hovers over the en- for the last fiscal year is the largest in our a $6.2 billion outlay increase to $417.4 btl­ tire issue. history and is greater than all the deficits lion, and a $4.7 bill1on decrease 1n revenues, for the Kennedy-Johnson years put together. to $349.4 b1111on level, enlarging the deficit The issue is further compllcated by the After we're finished with Mr. Ford's latest by $10.8 bilUon, to $68 blllion. legislative requirement for full government budget, the federal government w111 have For fiscal 1978 the $440 blllion outlay level disclosure. How this can be reconciled with accumulated more public debt in the past in the January budget would increase by full privacy. I confess I do not know. Even eight years than we had outstanding $19.4 billion to $459.4 b1llion, revenues would so, there are no signs yet that pressure groups for the entire 192 preceding years of our rise by $8.6 billion to a $401.6 blllion level, or legislators are taking a fully rational view history. I am committed to achieving a hal­ and the projected 1978 deficit would increase of the issue to permit legislation that will anced federal budget by the end of my first $10.8 b1llion to a $57.7 billion level. curb abuses without halting the natural term and to keeping government spending The economic assumptions underlying the growth of the electropic age. at or beneath its current share of our na- budget revisions (shown for calendar years, Whlle mu~h of this legislation is specific to tional output. not fiscal years) estimate somewhat greater government records, some of it extends to Financing our new progf'ams. We w111 economic growth and lower unemployment business records--particularly credit data-- bring new initiatives to vital areas such as than appear in the January budget. The as well. Moreover, legislative roadblocks to health care, housing and welfare reform budget revisions do not allow for the severe shared government data bases wm inevitably carefully and prudently, wtthout any in­ cold weather impact nor the effects of west­ affect businesses because, as I have said, the crease in taxes and within the constraint of ern drought on the economy. first systems naturally would be developed achieving a balanced budget by the end of The following table "Comparison of Eco­ for government use .. The data pr~ssing in- my first term. We will finance these programs nomic Assumptions" shows the difference be­ dustry is unlikely t6 make such a major in- with the additional tax revenues which a tween the January budget and the Carter re­ vestment while the legislative picture is so growing economy will generate. As we put visions with respect to such key economic cloudy. our people back to work, they can join variables as Gross National Product, major February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5129 income shares, price changes and unemploy­ The severe cold weather and western businesses-and even large retailers-but at ment. GNP, or national output, is estimated drought impacts on the economy may slow just over a penny per man-hour would prob­ to gain $4 billion, attaining an $1,884 billion the economic recovery this year. The impact ably not really add much to private em­ level in current dollars in 1977, and to gain on energy requirements, upon fuels for both ployers' demand for additional workers. $13 billion to reach a $2,105 b11lion current heating and energy requirements, upon in­ Moreover, the addition of 700,000 new dollar level in 1978. Mter adjusting :for e~­ dustrial water uses in the west, and upon workers to total employment since Novem­ pected inflation the 5.2% real GNP growth both water and fertilizer for crops, suggests ber, the rise in help-wanted advertising, the in 1977 (per January budget) is assumed to it may. be more difficult to achieve the eco­ steady growth of non-farm jobs and the sig­ rise to a 5.4% level in the Carter revision nomic growth rates and unemployment rates nificant decline of unemployment prior to in response to the stimulus package. Simi­ assumed in the budget revision message. The recent cold weather, combine to suggest that larly, the 1978 real growth is assumed to in­ natural resource constraints cannot be read­ private demand for labor has been growing crease from a 5.1 o/o to a 5.4o/o level. ily changed by short-run fiscal policy which significantly and would continue. The price assumptions in the Carter revi­ seeks to increase demand for national outPut. c. The alternative investment credit for sion are similar to those in the January Moreover, the character of the proposed business could modestly assist business firms budget :for 1977, the consumer price esti­ economic stimulus package, which purports seeking to add new equipment but is not de­ mates are the same in 1978, but the GNP to assist private sector business activity by signed to significantly help firms build new deflator (meaning economy-wide price increasing consumer demand and by tax plant capacity, and thus :falls to focus on changes) is slightly higher in the revision credits intended to stimulate private em­ crucial capital formation requirement and (6%) than the January budget (5.9%) :for ployment and new investment, appears not deals instead with a matter of lesser prior­ 1978. likely to be particularly effective because: ity. Unemployment is assumed lower in both a. The $50 per head rebate or income sup­ d. Finally, larger deficits, added public 1977 and 1978, according to the budget revi­ plement 1s to be a once-around affair, acting works not significantly related to productive sion, showing a change :from 7.3% to 7.1% for a short temporary period, perhaps in the capacity, and public sector jobs whose past in 1977, and :from 6.6% to 6.3% in 1978. This April-June quarter or a little later, but not accomplishments show little promise for the outome is assumed to result from greater comparable in effect with a permanent tax :future, continue a trend which shifts re­ economic growth as well as additional public cut which could increase consumer spending sources from private to government control, sector employment resulting :from local pub­ regularly. enlarging the government role in the econ­ lic works, CETA, and anti-recession state and b. The social security credit to business omy and diminishing the scope of private local fiscal assistance, described as $1.6 bil­ firms for newly-hired workers could add mod­ activities; in short, a policy aiming in the lion in 1977 and $6.2 billion in 1978. erately to liquidity of labor-intensive small wrong drection.

COMPARISON OF ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS [In billions)

Prelimi- 1977 1978 Prelimi- 1977 1978 Actual nary ------Actual nary ------1975 1976 January Revised January Revised 1975 1976 January Revised January Revised

Gross national product: Consumer price index: Current dollars: Year over year----·---· 9.1 5. 7 5.1 5.1 5. 4 5. 4 Amount. ______------~ 1, 516.0 1, 693.0 1, 880.0 1, 884.0 2, 092.0 2, 105.0 December over Decem- Percenta\e change ______7. 3 11.6 11.0 11.3 11.3 11.7 ber _------7.0 4.8 5. 3 5. 3 5. 2 5. 2 Constant (1 72) dollars: Unemplorment rates (per- Amount. ______------__ 1, 192.0 1, 265. 0 1, 331.0 1, 334.0 1, 398.0 1, 406 .. 0 cent : Percentage chanf.e ______-1.8 6.2 5. 2 5.4 5. 1 5.4 TotaLInsured .•• 1______------8. 5 7. 7 7. 3 7.1 6. 6 6. 3 Incomes (current dol ars): 7.2 6.4 5. 4 5. 4 4. 6 4. 4 Personal income ______1, 250.0 1, 375.0 1, 521.0 1, 528.0 1, 684.0 1, 698.0 Average Federal pay raise, Wages and salaries ______807.0 890.0 996.0 992.0 1,102. 0 1, 108.0 October (percent)._ •• ____ 5.0 4.8 6.5 6.5 6. 3 6.3 Corporate profits ______115.0 150.0 172.0 173.0 194.0 197.0 Interest rate, 91-day treas- Price level (percentage change): ury bills (percent) 2______5.8 5.0 4.4 4.6 4. 4 4.6 GNP deflator: Year over year. ______9.3 5.1 5.6 5.6 5.9 6.0 4th quarter over 4th quarter------7.1 4. 7 5.9 5.9 5. 7 5. 8

11nsured unemployme·nt as a percentage of covered employment. 2 Average rate on new issues within period; the rate shown for 1977 and 1978 was the current market rate at the time the estimates were made.

FISCAL YEAR 1977 OUTLAY RBVISIONS a.re for grants-in-aid, of which $1.8 b1111o~ NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOMES Outlays estimated in January at $411.2 is for economic stimulus. FOR CHILDREN ADOPI'S EXEM­ blllion are now revised to $417.4 bUllon. The FISCAL YEAR 1978 OUTLAY REVISIONS PLARY CODE OF ETHICS TO increase of $6.2 blllion includes: [In billions) PROTECT INSTITUTIONALIZED [In bllllons] Employment and training programs_ $6. 3 CHILDREN Employment and tralnlng programs__ $1. 0 Local public works program______2. 0 Local public works program______. 2 Countercyclical revenue sharing_____ 1. 6 Counter cyclical revenue sharing_____ . 9 Food stamp and child nutrition_____ 2.1 HON. MARIO BIAGGI Proposed $50 payments- Health care______1. 3 OF NEW YORK In excess of tax llab111ties------1. 4 Interest ------2.0 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Social SecuritY------1. 8 Earned income credit______0. 9 Federal supplemental unemployment Wednesday, February 23, 1977 8.2 benefits------0.4 3.2 Unemployment insurance (reesti- Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, as a mem­ Total ------ber of the House Select Education Sub­ naate) ------1.2 Federal supplemental unemployment Education ------0.5 committee of the Education and Labor benefits ------.5 Veterans benefits ______0.9 Committee, I have been deeply involved Unemployment insurance (reesti- Water resources development ______-0.3 in the problems of foster children in this Energy--Net increase ______mate) ------1.0 0.8 Nation. A great deal of my attention has Food stamps and child nutrition ____ _ .7 Defense--Net decrease ______Health care______-0.3 been focused on the thousands of chil­ .3 Foreign economic · assistance ______~ 0.6 Foreign economic assistance ______-.2 Transportation (highways and rail- dren who .are placed through referrals Mortgage credit programs · (reesti- into child care institutions. Socialroads) services ------______.______0.0.4 3 naate) ------.4 I conducted 2 days of congressional Interest (reestimate)------.3 Offshore oil land leasing receipts hearings in 1975 looking into the foster Offshore oil land leasing receipts (change in timing)------0.3 care industry in the city of New York (change in timing)------.3 Of the increases, about $10.0 billion are and discovered that many institutional­ There is no change in net defense. Educa­ :for grants-in-aid. ized children were becoming prisoners in tion, water resources development and net The net decrease for defense outlays is the system with no real hope of attain­ energy are changed each $50 m11lion or less. $0.3 bilUon; for budget authority the amount ing a life of permanency. Of the increases in 1977 outlays, $2 bllUon is a cut of $2.7 billion. Subsequent to these hearings, some re- 5130 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 forms have been made in the form of volvement of the United States in re­ too well documented to ·need further more periodic reviews of children in gimes like Iran and Saudi Arabia comment from me. It is now, and will foster care and stricter licensing of fos­ might lead to another Vietnam-like remain, an integral part of nearly every ter care homes and institutions. I wish situation. problem, domestic or foreign, 'that is to bring to the attention of my colleagues The article is written by Mr. Jerome faced by the Congress of the United an important document, the Code of Grossman, who helped to draft the for­ States. If we are to exercise good judg­ Ethics of the National Association of eign policy plank of the Democratic ment, the requirement is that we have Homes for Children, Inc. The code which platform: current international population data was adopted on November 4, 1976, pro­ ANOTHER "VIETNAM" IN MIDEAST? from the best possible source; which cer­ vides a model which respects the rights of (By Jerome Grossman) tainly must be completely objective. all children under care, their right of Anyone who thinks the United States As a member of the House Agricul­ individuality, their right to be free from cannot get fouled up in another Vietnam­ tural Committee and chairman of the neglect and abuse and above all the fun­ type situation just hasn't been paying atten- Subcommittee on Domestic Marketing, damental right of children to enjoy a tion. · Consumer Affairs and Nutrition, I have life of permanence. A curious situation has developed in Saudi come to understand that the greatest I offer for the consideration of my col­ Arabia and Iran. Both countries have pur­ threat to the food security of this globe chased and are continuing to purchase lM"ge leagues a copy of the Code of Ethics of quantities of military hardware--mostly and this Nation is the dramatic growth the National Association of Homes for from the United States. Not only are these in world population that ~as . pq~urred Children. I congratulate them on their arms far in excess of any rational defense within the past few generatio~. If I, initiative. needs, but they are of such sophistication and other members of the Agriculture NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOMES FOR CHIL­ and complexity that the military personnel Committee, of Congress, and of the· exec­ DREN: CODE OF ETHICS of the two countries cannot handle many of utive branch, do not have reliable popu­ We will protect children in our care from the weapons. lation data, then how are we to make re­ abuse or maltreatment, experimentation, Thus, it has become necessary for Iran sponsible decisions on food aid, on agri­ economic exploitation, malnutrition and un­ and Saudi Arabia to import many thousands of US military personnel as well as Ameri­ cultural assistance, food reserves, or pop­ safe environments; and shall bring to ac-. ulation policies? Obviously, we cannot. count adults who thwart that purpose. can civilian technicians, to install, maintain, We will utilize fully our professional skills operate a.nd train. Some military experts say For years, Mr. Speaker; population in striving to obtain for each child the per­ that it will be many years before Iranian and data has been made available to us by manence of a family life. Saudi Arabian nationals will be able to take the International Statistical Program We will obtain or provide for children who over these functions. Other experts doubt Center of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. are physically or mentally ill the best thera­ that they will ever be able to do so. Certainly, this organization is the best peutic care available to us. What we have, in effect, is a new type of American expeditionary force, hired by two qualified to do the work. We will provide every opportunity for chil- · Recently, it has come to my attention dren to learn and to develop whatever talents authoritaria.n rulers, for apparently technical they may possess. reasons. This is on a temporary basis, but that this work is not funded by the Bu­ We will accord children in our care full it is ~ikely to become permanent, particu­ reau of the Census. It is funded and au­ respect as individuals, the full rights guar­ larly if the two rulers keep buying the latest thorized by the Agency for Iriternational anteed all citizens of the United States: American military equipment, thus·requiring Development Office of Population; This while teaching them to · respect the rights the presence of even more American techni­ cians. funding, however, is entirely discretion­ of others. ary. If AlD wishes to pay for the work, We will respect the uniqueness of each From the point of view of Iran and Saudi Arabia, an American presence would tend it will be done. If AID does not wish to child's race, culture and religion while at­ pay for the work, it will not.be done: The tempting to instill a sense of self-worth, in­ to dissuade hostile neighbors from military dividuality, and the responsibilities as well confrontation ~d indigenous revolution­ Department of Commerce has no funds as the privileges of citizenship. ' · aiies from trying to topple these extraordi­ for this type of work, nor is it :.aptborized, We will nurture in each child the spiritual nary repressive and backward regimes. to do so. This strikes me, Mr. Speaker, as ethic appropriate to his background and From the point of view of the Pentagon, "an astonishingly poo:r . way ·to ,· run a religious heritage. American military and support forces with railroad." · · · · . We will serve only those children for whom the most modern and sophisticated hardware and electronics have been installed near the According to Mr. James Turbitt, Asso­ our service is appropriate .and will plan ca~e .- .. fully and realistically with, and for, 'each Russian' border and on the Indian fiank, all ciate Director of the Bureau p~ C.ensus, child, and, when available, with the family at no cost to the American taxpayer-in fact for the year 1976: of the child. at a profit to US multi-national corporations. The Bureau was not requested to produce We.will strive to enhance ttie talents, tech­ ~ Has the US in effect, guaranteed the exist­ world popu~ation figures. niques and compassion o· of• adults in our ence of the authoritarian regimes of Iran and Saudi Arabia? · With· respect · to 1975, I am informed employ. that while all' ·the' new work on: world We will use our knowledge and infiuence, Has the first payoff bee1,1 made by Saudi as advocates for children, to improve social Arabia in throwing the OPEC cartel into dis­ population figures was done;.it was never conditions, and develop resources beneficial array by establishing its ·own oil price .and published. As for 197'7, Mr. Turbitt has to children and to tl!e strengthening of increasing its production of oil? Said: · · .. ""· American family life. Has the US again placed itself in a Viet­ The figures do ;not at present' 'exist and We will review constantly our services for nam-like situation where local· factors in a cannot be supplied . . . without S'\lbStantial' relevance and effectiveness and shall strive to far-off place could involve us in military 1 support of outrageous regimes, first for investment of time and m6J1ey wliich are provide society and the community with ~~yond ·the current resources of · t~e . ~ureau. child care services appropriate to their needs. short-term military and commercial profit,·. We will represent our services and inten- then to defend and rescue Americans thou­ ·-M:r·.- Speaker, who determines whether tions ·honestly and openly. ' sands of miles from home? This is the way or hot these populat.ion figures are made we became involved. in Vietnam. We must guard against it happening again in Iran available to the Executive, the 'Congress, and Saudi Arabia. or·to th~ p~J>lic? r:r:he AID Office of ropu-. lation. :According to art editorial .. in· the ANOTHER "VIETNAM" IN MIDEAST? Roanoke Times of .Ju11e 2~ . )976, this same office refused to allow the publica­ . NAN -· THE NEED FOR CURRENT INTERNA- Uon of population data by .the :Bureau of ' HON • ROBERT F• DRI· · . - .. . TIONAL POPULATION DATA the Census, because such data ·refiected OF MASSACHUSETTS poorly on AID ptogran1S. ·• ' · ·. · IN ·TID; !JOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ... I do not know whether thiS is ti'!le or· HON. FREDE~I~K W. RIC'~MOND not. The available evidenq~ ~~ems to _ )v~~nf!sday; · Febr~ary 23, 1977 OF NEW YORK . point in that direction. Bu~Mr.: . sp.e~ker, ·-Mr. · .bRINAN. · Mr.. Speaker, I com­ . ~N THE HOUSE QF REPRESENTATIVES even if this is not the case,.the , pos~~bility mend ' to my colleagues .. a perceptive · Wednesday, February ' 23, 1977- exists for it to be true. The Congress has, article reprinted from. the Boston Globe. iz:t etfett; given the' Office of i PopUlation of February 22·, 19.77, whiGh outlines tlle . Mr. ~IC~OND. Mr. ~peaker, the_ a .. license to reveal, cohceal,' ·.ot :even to . grim possibility th~t : ~he _ ·.ci~~pez:tin~ iil- world's population explo,sion_ ha.s been ~'B.p:ip;ulate. P,QP~lation data .. "·. . · · .:.·: ·· February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5131 For example, according to a special re­ Somebody at the very top of the federal CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR SUP­ port of the Environmental Fund of May government-at the State Department, the PORTS FEDERAL GRAND JURY 1976, if the Census Bureau published Office of Budget and Management, or the REFORM population data without those changes White Hous-e itself-should get out the whip­ lash. If the Environmental Fund complaint AID want~d. "AID threatened to with­ is not remedied, AID has committed the one HON. JOSHUA EILBERG hold the money for next year." I am sin that all reasonable disputants can agree shocked and outraged that this type of upon. The most basic of governmental crimes OF PENNSYLVANIA bureaucratic chicanery is going on. is to destroy the basic evidence. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES There is no possible excuse for it. Wednesday, February 23, 1977 Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I am intro­ ducing legislation today to remedy this Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, the Sub­ committee on Immigration, Citizenship, situation. It does not represent a change RAILROAD SAFETY in our population policy. It does, how­ and International Law is about to com­ ever, directly authorize the Census Bu­ mence its hearings on proposals to re­ reau and the ISPC to do the population HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. form the Federal grand jury system. I work it is able and willing to do. In this have introduced H.R. 94 suggesting such way, we can eliminate a situation in OF CALIFORNIA extensive, yet balanced, reforms. which the evaluation of AID's programs IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES After careful review of my proposals, lies solely within itself. Wednesday, February 23, 1977 the Christian Science Monitor, I am There are many Members of Congress pleased to say, has come out in strong Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. support of my bill. I am inserting in the as well as members of the general public Speaker, I have introduced legislation to­ who are interested in independent and RECORD that editorial, dated February 16, day that would require the use of bullet­ 1977: timely population data. This legislation, proof glass in windows on the locomotive I hope, will provide for this. Mr. Speaker, GRAND JURY REFORM AT LAST? and rear car of passenger and freight Attorney General Bell has stepped into the I insert the aforementioned editorial trains. For those of my colleagues who from the Roanoke Times in the RECORD urgent question of grand jury reform by rec­ are not aware of the problem that has ognizing the general need for it while oppos­ following my remarks: prompted this legislation, I would like to ing such a specific key element of reform as POLLUTING TRUTH AT THE SOURCE briefly explain the background of this permitting a witness to have counsel present. Government agencies can make mistakes issue. Mr. Bell promises study of the matter, which and so can private agencies and private was also ·undertaken by his predecessor. The people. Forgiveness on matters of opinion is Numerous incidents of rock throwing happiest outcome would be for him to lend a habit without which nobody could get along and shooting at train windows in south­ his support to the new refinement of reform with each other. But there is one unforgive­ ern California have been reported to me. legislation perennially and persistently in­ able mistake: tampering with the facts at These daily occurrences cause delays, in troduced by Rep. Joshua Eilberg of Penn­ the source. That is: putting pressure on the the least serious cases, and have caused sylvania. Bureau of Census and other fact-gathering personal injury to railroad workers in the Subcommittee hearings on this legi&lation organizations. most serious incidents. Current regula­ are expected the middle of next month. Rep­ The Environmental Fund, an organization resentatives of the American Bar Association concerned mainly with the soaring popula­ tions requiring shatterproof glass on (ABA) have long backed efforts for reform. tion of the world, finds reason to believe locomotives have been ineffective in Passage of reform at long last would be a that the U.S. Agency for International De­ stopping these inquiries, even when the good way to begin the third century of a velopment (AID) is tampering with facts at windows are protected by external steel nation dedicated to liberty and justice for all. the source of their being counted. Its May screens. On many sections of rail lines, Manifest abuses of the grand jury system bulletin reported that it was having difficulty engineers and trainmen routinely hide have worked against justice. In his con­ obtaining statistics from sources previously away from the windows in anticipation firmation hearings Mr. Bell said it had be­ relied upon. It said: of an attack of rock throwers. One United come a tool of the prosecutor. But as the "Late in 1975 we asked the Census Bureau Transportation Union letter detailing in­ ABA convention considered adopting a slate if they were preparing international figures cidents along one section of track stated: of strong grand jury standards this week, Mr. for 1975 and were told that they were, that Bell expressed reservations. the figures were nearly completed and would The engineer gets down low in the seat and blows the whistle and hopes he will not get On the matter of permitting a witness to be published by January 15. In mid-Janua.ry have counsel, the Attorney General, like his when we tried to obtain them, we were told glass in his eyes. The trainmen hide or stay away from !'I'll windows in the caboose. predecessor, makes the valuable point the that AID wanted changes made in them grand jury should not be turned into a mini­ before they were released. Safety bulletproof glass of the type trial. The secret proceedings of the grand "We pointed out that the figures would be used in aircraft is available for use in jury were never meant to be an adversary useless if they had been altered in order to procedure but an investigative process to please some other Agency. The reply was locomotive and rear car windows. It can protect the innocent while bringing wrong­ that if the research were published without prevent small caliber bullets from pene­ doing to the surface. such changes, AID threatened to withhold trating and deflect hand-thrown objects The new proposed legislation aims to keep the money for next year." even when the train is traveling at top it from becoming an adversary procedure by The fund's bulletin called the action speed. Spraying of glass particles in the limiting the counsel's role to that of advis­ "bureaucratic chicanery." It can also be event of window breakage is minimized, i:n,g the witness-and not, for example, chal­ called preposterous, arrogant and evil. Con­ lenging evidence. Also, . it would allow th& gressmen could disagree on what to do with helping to eliminate the danger of eye court to remove or replace counsel in cer• a crop shortage or surplus, but they would injury. Adequate safety measures need tain circumstances, while seeing that free denounce any Department of Agriculture to be taken nationwide before injuries counsel, if necessary, is available in general. which fouled up the statistics at the source. increase in number or become more Evidence could be challenged at a required Treasury Department financing, Federal Re­ preliminary, pretrial hearing such as most serve System discounting, the cost-of-living severe. The legislation I introduce today states already have. index, price support levels-all of these prob­ will require these measures. There are also other refinements to pro­ leins require trustworthy, unpolluted statis­ These disruptions cause a great loss of vide some flexibility in the application of the tics at the source. time and efficiency, and the distraction reforins as evaluated by the courts. But the Strong differences of opinion can and from necessary safety functions that thrust remains to combat absues by assur­ should exist over whether the size and means ing the rights of the witnesses and the in­ of foreign aid should be influenced by birth­ these incidents cause is very disturbing. dependence of the grand jury. rates which swiftly overcome the good the aid I urge prompt action on this legislation. Thus not only must the witness be fully accomplishes. But all parties to the dispute It may seem that this is of minor impor­ informed of his rights and other matters should have access to the best facts the tance in the light of other pressing legis­ such as whether he is a potential defendant, guardian of statistics can gather. None should lation, but I assure you that it is an but the jurors must be informed of their be misled by hoked-up statistics which make powers and duties-that they, not the prose­ it easier for AID to justify a larger appro­ important matter to the men and women cutor, are in control. Regulations on con­ priation; or re-jiggered basic figures that who are operating our rail systems under tempt and immunity would be tightened. argue for a reduction of AID. present conditions. Beyond the legislation there are such pro- 5132 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 posals as a constitutional amendment to con­ which ones we could eat and which ones we to fly to heaven, well by God you sprouted tinue the investigative power but end the should leave alone. wings and flew." · indicting power of grand juries. This has "We'd also drink mllk from the cows at But Lou says an Aggie's abiltty to give and been proposed by high-level studies in the the dairy barns. Man, it was rough at times, take orders really paid off later in the "out­ past. There are also proposals to eliminate but somehow we all made it. I wonder how side world.'' the grand jury, as happened more than four today when I look back, but those guys all "If you look back at thing, I think you'll decades ago in Britain, where the grand jury turned out to be really big leaders in busi­ see that we Aggtes came out way ahead of began. ness now." those other guys living on the 'Forty Acres' Certainly, unless the United States is to One of Loupot's closest friends and a in Austin,'' he says, referring to graduates follow Britain's lead in this manner, it must former A&M roommate is COng. Olin E. of Texas University. A lot of us are retiring reform the grand jury system that has served (Tiger) Teague. According to Loupot, Teague from jobs now, but there were a lot of corpo­ it well in many ways but has been subject was a model student as far as studying and ration presidents, bank chairmen, oil exec­ to too much misuse. grades went. But he says the two of them utives and many others who were successful would combine their talents to provide their mainly because of the hell they went through Aggie buddies with a little entertainment a.tA&M.'' during those hard-pressed times. "They can say I'm crazy, but I never let "Tiger and I had the only radio in the that bother me before and I'm not letting tt JUD LOUPOT Corps at that time," Loupot explains. "But bother me now,'' says Lou. "I've always be­ with electricity off until 5 p.m. each evening, lieved in Texas Aggtes and they've been HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE we had no way to listen to it during the day. awfully good to me. What I learned at A&M So we got an electrical engineering major tn books I can resell to the university for OF TEXAS to rig us a wire from the YMCA building so $500. But that Aggie friendship is priceless­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES we could tune into our favorite radio shows absolutely priceless. Wednesday, February 23, 1977 all day long. Unfortunately, the commandant "I'm not making a lot of money now, but caught us once during an unannounced in­ I don't mind. I make enough to do what I Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, it is not spection and we lost our wire." Uke and I'd rather Uve here in College Sta­ very often an individual gets a chance to Laughing as he recalls another incident, tton than anywhere else in the world.'' do something nice for someone who he Loupot, or Lou as many of his friends call Lou's devotion to A&M and its Cadet Corps has held in high regard and has enjoyed him, tells of a football game in Baton Rouge, ts reflected in his annual "tee vigil," when he his friendship for a period of 40 or more La., against LSU whtle he was a student. furnishes a truckload of ice to the cadets Lou and about 120 of his buddies "bor­ during Final Review ceremonies each spring. years. But I have been given this oppor­ rowed" a lot of eggs from the A&M farm, "I've been bringing in tee since 1943 when tunity now, because of an artie!~ written hard-boiled them, bought some bologna. and I moved back here from Dallas,'' he says. "I by a newsman which appeared in a loaves of bread and boarded an old flatbed know how hot tt gets out there-that's why Dallas paper on my good friend, Mr. truck for the game. I do it. I can identify with the feelings of Jud Loupot of College Station, Tex. "We had to travel tn third gear because students, believe you me." Jud, who has affectionately become there were so many of us," Lou remembers. Much of the assistance Lou provides to known in the area as "Old Army Lou" "We had no money or game tickets, but we Aggtes goes unnoticed, though. For example were ready for a good time. But it started he's always ready to contribute money t~ was my roommate at Texas A. & M. dur­ raining close to Baton Rouge and our uni­ student functions, especially Aggie parties ing the 1930's. He has been as good a sup­ forms got soaked. So we went into this hotel sponsored by Corps outfits or dormitories, porter, loyal friend, and personal confi­ and used a wringer to dry them. I mean, it according to several former students. dant as any man could want over the was wild, all those Aggies running around In addition, Lou has posted bond over the years. By the same token, he has been as in that laundry room without half their year for many Aggies who were arrested late loyal a supporter of Texas A. & M. as clothes on. Those hotel people thought we at night for public intoxication and were too any individual by his many acts of were nuts. At the game, we had to send one embarrassed or ashamed to notify their guy in on a. regular game ticket and have parents. human kindness to the students at the him collect ticket stubs for us to sneak in "I've loaned out money and merchandise college. We both knew hard times, and on. It was rough, but we had a. helluva good to Aggtes just on their word as an Aggie," Lou has done as much as anyone to time, belteve tt or not." he says. "And I've lost very, very little money alleviate the suffering of any brother As an entertng freshman at A&M, Lou that way." Aggie, because of his own personal had only his high school ROTC uniforms to But Lou says A&M is losing a. lot of its experiences. wear. To conform to A&M's uniform regula­ uniqueness and friendship now that its en­ I am proud to be able to pay tribute tions, he says he was forced to trade, wheel rollment has soared from a few thousand in and deal and spend his first semester's tui­ the pre-World War II years to nearly 30,000 to Lou in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and tion and fees money buying the proper this past fall. prouder yet to say that he is my friend: clothes. "I was narrow minded for a long while TWO RECALL DEPRESSION DAYS "That's when I got started in the clothing about girls coming to A&M and the changing (By Hank Wahrmund, Staff Writer) business,'' Lou notes. "I ended up that first of the name from A&M College to A&M Uni­ Most people who lived through the De­ month of my fish year with so many different versity,'' Lou admits. "I called Earl Rudder, pression years following the stock market pieces of uniforms that I couldn't Uve in who was president of A&M at the time crash in 1929 probably prefer to ignore that my dormitory room. By my junior year, my ( 1963) , and told him and wrote to a lot of period of their lives. roommate and I had three rooms~ne for former students that we were ruining A&M But J. E. Loupot, owner of Loupot's Book­ Uving quarters and two for a. clothing ware­ by changing tt. The school would lose too store at the Northgate in College Station, house. But another surprise inspection by much to change to that degree." says those years had a very positive effect the commandant caught us and I was Loupot says his worst fears were for the on him and many of his classmates when he nearly kicked out of school. Then some "average, every-day student, the type who attended Texas A&M from 1928-32. friends of mine who were always so loyal to has no money or fancy clothes to wear. A&M's "All the hard }iving made us such good me pitched tn and helped me build a little past greatness was that everyone was friends, loyal to each other beyond descrip­ warehouse at Northga.te. We used three saws equal-no one knew how much money any­ tion," Loupot says. "We lived almost like and 10 hammers and did it in 24 hours. It one else had because we all wore uniforms convicts while at A&M, with many guys was called the "Green Lantern and we and all suffered and rejoiced the same as our sleeping in the horse stables or in a steam served hamburgers and chili there, too." A&M class distinctions allowed. But with tunnel to get out of paying room rent and The building st111 stands, just off of Uni­ girls and civilians, it was easy to tell who board fees." versity Drive beyond Wyatt's Sporting Goods. had a flashy wardrobe and a big car to take Loupot says Aggies paid $18 a month room "We worked damn hard outside of school dates out in. That left out the common guy. and board if they lived on campus. But for to keep body and soul together,'' he says, I'm stm fearful of that ruining A&M.'' those days, he points out, that was a high "and some guys couldn't take and left. I But more tragic than the problem of class expense for many Aggies. admit tt was hard on many fish. Heck, our distinctions is the gradual ebb of A&M "The kids who didn't pay for campus meals first day on campus we got off the train and treasured traditions, Loupot says. used to go out to the A&M livestock barns this big senior told me to take his luggage off "They brag now when 600 people show up and get eggs from the chickens the univer• and deliver it to his room---aa.td I would be for Silver Taps," snorts Lou. "That's pathetic. sity was raising for research," Loupot recalls. 'his freshman.' I had to leave my few bags I wish that would change back most of all­ "Sometimes we'd barbecue some of the chick­ at the station for a week before I had time tt...at the attitude of caring for other Aggies ens. But one we accidentally got some prize to go back and pick them up,'' Lou says, would continue forever with all students." poultry of high breeding and the school got laughing. But Loupot still has faith in A&M and real mad. After that, a. poultry professor who "But seniors were gods then, they ran Aggies. Over the entrance to his store is a understood our living situation pointed out things,'' he explains. "If one of 'em told you replica of an old sign that reads: February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5133 "Through these doors pass the greatest "We are not opposed to boxed beef," says ing industry pays $6.42 an hour minimum. men on earth: Fightin' Texas Aggies-Old Jesse Prosten, vice president in charge of the Iowa. Beef's competitors also claim that the Army Lou, Class ·of "32." union's packing division. The union's argu­ Nebraska-based company's wage scale has ment is that beef carcasses have to be cut given it a competitive edge. up somewhere, and it doesn't make that The company, says Prosten, is out to break much difference where. the butchers union, but Bodine responds, IS THERE MEAT IN YOUR Prosten says that there hasn't been a. mas­ "We don't go around breaking unions." sive loss of jobs of retail butchers in the The meatcutters have suffered a series of FUTURE?-PART 2 big cities because of the new boxed beef. setbacks since Iowa Beef began its phenom­ Supermarket chains which buy boxed beef enal growth, though, efforts to OTganize work­ HON. JAMES ABDNOR still need butchers to trim it for the display ers at IBP's non-union Emporia, Kan., plant counter. have been unsuccessful so far. When the OF SOUTH DAKOTA However, checks in several cities don't company opened a new box beef plant in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES seem to bear out Prosten. Wholesaler Stanley Amarillo, Tex., in 1974, a handful of construc­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 Rosen, who distributes beef in New York tion workers petitioned for Teamsters union City, says that in 1970 he had 16 butchers representation and won quick recognition Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker. "Is there carving up carcasses shipped to New York from the company. meat in our future?" is a question we all City from the Midwest. About 100 workers unaffiliated with the need to ask ourselves periodically. Our Today, Rosen is mainly in the distributing Amalgamated Meat Cutters Union have been plentiful supplies of high quality meat of business. He has gotten rid of the butchers on the job inside Iowa Beef's Dakota City and now needs only a. small crew of ware­ facility since Dec. 6. They are affiliated with a. every variety consistently available at housemen to handle the boxes of precut union called the United Industrial Packing reasonable prices is a daily fact of life meat as they come- in from the Midwest. and Allied Workers, which Prosten calls we take for granted. Moreover, beef in boxes has been at the "phony." The UIPAW represents the em­ I have already commended the first two heart of labor-management fights in the ployees of another business, Farm Products parts of a Washington Post series on packing industry since the lates 1960s. Co., which leases space in the plant from Iowa. the U.S. beef economy to the attention Butcher unions in Chicago and St. Louis Beef. of my colleagues. The remaining articles have been alarmed enough about the in.fiux In a telephone interview last week, Iowa of the precut products to have written re­ Beef spokesman Bodine denied there· was any are presented here: strictions on the use of them into labor plan to use the UIPAW people to operate the [From the Washington Post, Feb. 1, 1977] agreements with retail stores. (The General Iowa Beef plant in the event of a strike by TREND TOWARD PRECUTTING DIVIDES Accounting Office in Washington is investi­ the butchers union. MEAT INDUSTRY, LABOR gating the possible impact of these restric· Nevertheless, the situation suggest the ten­ (By Dan Morgan) tions on food and cattle prices.) sions at work in an industry that has earned Iowa Beef first cracked the New York City its reputation for tough dealing and cut­ Costas (Gus) Deaskalakias, chief cook and market with the precut products in 1969-but throat competition. meat buyer at Blackie's House of Beef in only after a bruising fight with labor unions In January, 1975, the beef industry was Washington, used to need seven butchers to that tarnished its reputation. rocked by the financial collapse of one of carve steaks and roasts f!"om the beef car­ That year, the company settled a strike the fastest growing of the major slaughte!" casses he ordered. Nowadays there are only two butchers with the Amalgamated Meat Cutters at the operations, American Beef Packers, Inc., of Dakota City, Neb., plant. Iowa Beef brought Omaha. The company filed for a limited working at Blackie's. The beef Deaskalakias in strikebreakers during the bitter strike. bankruptcy, leaving several hundred cattle­ buys has been precut in a cattle slaughter­ Some of the houses of these workers were men holding worthless company checks for house 1,800 miles away. subsequently dynamited. beef animals they had sold just before the The slaughter company, Monfort of Colo­ The company's annual report just issued collapse. rado, Inc., in Greeley, Colo., prepares the ribs, noted that the firm was only able to ship Congress subsequently ordered a tightening loins, chucks, rounds and si'l'loins, vacuum boxed beef to New York City after it agreed of financial rules for packers. packs them in plastic bags and ships them to withdraw a $4 million suit against three Within the beef packing industry, Iowa. to retail stores and restaurants in boxes. New York locals for an allegedly illegal sec­ Beef is both feared and respected. Competi­ At Monfort, steers enter the plant as half­ ondary boycott of Iowa Beef's meat during tors say the company delivers enormous vol­ ton live animals and exit in small cartons the strike. umes of high quality meat all over the coun­ ready for the fresh meat trade. Later, it was revealed that there had been try at great speed. The entry of the major slaughter firms other sides to Iowa Beef's entry into the New "Iowa Beef is not. afraid to use its muscle, into the meat cutting business in a big way York City boxed market. and it has plenty of it," said an executive is revamping the nation's $36-billion-a-year In 1974, a New York State court convicted of a competing company. "We try not to have packing industry. the company and its cochairman, Currier large unsold quantities of any product that The speed of these changes can be seen in J. Holman, of conspiring with a crime figure Iowa Beef is also trying to sell. They can a single example: Iowa Beef Processors, Inc., to bribe union and supermarket officials. raise hell with any market." founded tn 1961, is now the world's largest The judge, who fined the firm $7,000, said beef packing firm, with annual sales of over the scheme had been aimed at buying "in­ $2 billion and a weekly cattle klll of 80,000 stant labor peace" that would remove butch­ [From the Washington Post, Feb. 2, 1977] animals--about 10 per cent of the national ers union restrictions against boxed beef. THE HAMBURGER SOCIETY AND AMERICA'S LOVE total and more than the older firtnB of Swift, The meetings with union officials were ar­ AFFAIR WITH BEEF Armour, Wilson, Morrell and Cudahy com­ ranged by Moe Steinman, who in 1971 set up (By Dan Morgan) bined. a company that entered into an exclusive Americans are now devouring hamburgers Boxed beef has been a major part of this arrangement with Iowa Beef to distribute the at the rate of 50 billion a year. phenomenal g!"Owth. About two-thirds of company's products. The company, 0. P. Sales Hamburgers have become the people's Iowa Beef's sales volume consists of these Co. of Paramus, N.J., st111 receives commis­ food: the equivalent of the Italian's spa­ cartons of meat precut at the slaughtering sions from Iowa Bee! for meat sold in New ghetti, the Indian's curry or the Russian's plant. And Iowa Beef's share of this trade York City, according to an Iowa Beef spokes­ borscht. nationwide is substantial. man. Americans spend more than $25 blllion a About 25 per cent of the money people Steinman's son-in-law, Walter Bodenstein, year for beef, and a substantial amount of spend on food goes for meat. And about half runs C. P. Sales. Bodenstein was brought to that money is for hamburgers. of the meat purchases are beef. So changes Dakota City last fall to be a group vice If any proof of the entrenched position of of this magnitude in the beef economy are president of Iowa'Beef, but he resigned after the hamburger in the country's diet is important to consumers. 10 days following unfavorable newspaper pub­ needed, McDonald's Restaurants can give it. The meat industry says that boxed beef licity in the Midwest. The chain, with 23 b1llion sold alr.eady, ex­ has saved consumers money. It costs less to According tQ Iowa Beef spokesman Corne­ pects to open about one new outlet a day for ship boxes of high-quality boned beef cuts lius Bodine, Bodenstein's only problem is the next 10 years. than it does to transport whole carcasses, and that "he has an unfortunate father-in-law." In Woody Allen's film fantasy "Sleeper," it the system reduces the middlemen's fees and The union struck Iowa Beef's huge, high­ had taken two centuries for McDonald's to markups, they argue. speed Dakota City plant for eight months in get over the trillion hamburger mark, but at But the Amalgamated Meat Cutters Union 1973 and 1974, and both company and union the rate things are going that may be an claims the real savings of companies such as are braced for a possible new impasse in the overly cautious estimate. Iowa Beef comes from their fighting the next two weeks. On Jan. 22, the company's The steak, that other great· national sym­ unions and underpaying workers in the new contract with the butchers union expired, bol, has not yet been relegated to the scrap high-speed plants. and the two sides agreed to extend it for two heap of history. Americans st111 eat slightly · The butchers union claims that those tac­ weeks. less than half their beef in the form of tics pose a greater threat than the introduc­ The bottom wage at Dakota is $5.57 an ground meat; the rest is steaks, roasts, and tion of boxed beef. hour. Prosten said 'that the rest of the pack- other prime cuts. 5134 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 But cultural and economic developments When the corn prices went up, cattle fat­ ers more for hogs. That, in turn, could per­ have been paving the way for the eclipsing teners who buy 450- to 750-pound calves and suade some Midwestern farmers to. feed the of steak, altering the tastes of consumers and yearlings from ranchers reduced the prices corn they raise to a new litter of hogs in­ changing the structure of the beef industry. they were willing to pay for the young ani­ stead of selling the grain. If foreign coun­ The preference of Americans for meals mals as an economy measure. tries such as the Soviet Union wanted the and snacks in restaurants and fast food stores Ranchers responded by sending an unusu­ corn badly enough, they might react by shows no signs of letting up. Consumer Re­ ally large number of their calves to the bidding up the price, and that could throw ports magazine predicts that by 1980 half the slaughterhouse instead of to the fattening off the calculations of the cattle fatteners meals eaten in this country will be away yard. They also sent many of their cows to again. from home, if present trends continue. slaughter, because they figured there was no The beef industry is reacting to such The fast food industry had sales of $23 bil­ point keeping cows for breeding calves that possibilities by inventing new ways to stretch lion in 1976, and that figure may double by couldn't be sold to the fatteners at a profit. consumers' beef-buying dollars. A new 1980. There was plenty of bargain hamburger process debones chunks of the tough parts Many of the chains are expanding their meat, as well as beef cuts labeled "grass fed." of the carcass, tenderizes them with needles, menus and offering more salad, seafood, pizza But since fewer animals were going to the molds them together and freezes them into and Mexican recipes, but hamburgers are feedlots to eat expensive corn, there was a "loaves" that can be cut into steak-like cuts still the staple of the fast food industry. shortage of choice, corn-fed beef. That is and thawed later. The other development that seems des­ when the brief, 50-cents-a-pound price in­ There is no real evidence, though, that tined to speed up the evolution of the coun­ crease for sirloin occurred. Americans' love affair with beef 1s ending. try into a hamburger society is economic. With that spurt as the incentive, cattle fat­ They have eaten more and more per person Sometime soon-if not this year, then teners began buying up all the calves and for the last 50 years. If higher prices slow surely in 1978 and 1979-the price of beef is steers they could get. What they found was the growth down for a while, it is likely to going to rise, possibly sharply. that the American beef herd, which had been be only a brief pause in the expansion of the The stage for this already has been set on growing in size since 1967, was too large. hamburger society. the nation's ranges and farms and in cattle Too much beef was going to market, so re­ fattening yards, and there is no changing it. tail stores have been holding down prices to THE FARMER'S STEER: WHERE YOUR MONEY The size of the country's beef herd is now sell it all. GOES being rapidly reduced, as ranchers suffer some That, in a nutshell, is why prices of both On Jan. 17, Safeway stores in Washington of their worst losses since the 1930s. So the steak and hamburger are about what they were offering choice boneless sirloin tip roast supply of beef is bound to drop and prices were three years ago, despite a long period of inflation. for $1.39 a pound. are going to rise. The same day, slaughterhouses in Colorado The Livestock Business Advisory Services, The large supply of beef coming to market were paying farmers 373j cents a pound for Inc., of Kansas City, Mo., predicts that a por­ has cushioned American consumers against 4 the economic blows that have hit the beef in­ 1,100-pound, corn-fed steers from which such terhouse steak that averaged $2.39 a pound steaks are cut. in 1976 will cost as much as $2.50 this year dustry in the last three years. The $1.01 ~ difference is t he subject of and $2 .70 in 1978. But the time is coming when consumers will feel the impact of higher corn, fertilizer, heated arguments among farmers, packers, Most of the steaks that Americans eat are meat wholesalers, retail chain stores and carved from steers that have grown fat from fuel and farm machinery prices. "It's set in concrete," said Howard Madsen consumers. substantial quantities of corn-as much as a Is such a markup justified? Consumers and ton of the grain, and sometimes more. economist with the American Meat Institute: Corn prices are now the lowest they have The price of choice beef is likely to rise farmers usually say it isn't; the beef middle­ been since 1972, but they are still high because many of the calves that this year men say it is. should be growing into mature steers in Here is what happened to the farmer 's enough to substantially increase the price of steer: raising choice, grain-fattened animals. As fattening yards were slaughtered in 1975 the price of that kind of meat increases, more and 1976. The packer paid $415.25 (37% cents a consumers are likely to switch to cheaper Many shoppers are expected to switch from pound) for the live, 1,100-pou nd animal. hamburger meat, economists say. steak to hamburger to save money. But the But the carcass of the slaughtered animal "After 1977, steaks are going to be some­ hamburger society also is almost sure to feel weighed only 680 pounds, so the cost of t he thing we eat only on special occasions-on the impact of what has happened. meat and bone to the packer actually was those evenings when we say, "Let's get out In 1975 and 1976, a record 11 million and 61 cents a pound. the Lowenbrau,' " said an economist. 10 million cows respectively were slaughtered. Not all of that carcass could be served up In this changing situation, hamburger has Most of them were ground up for hamburger as chucks, ribs, loins, sirloins and rounds a special role to play in the beef economy. meat. This cow "factory," which produces though. (There is only about 13 pounds of Unlike choice steaks, hamburger can be tomorrow's steers, has been reduced in size. tenderloin on a full-grown steer.) Much of made from ground-up dairy cows, imported At the same time, that killing rate can't the carcass is fat and bone that has t o be boneless beef, or from older breeding cows continue, which means the supply of ham­ trimmed away. And the carcass also loses of the beef herd that have been fed mostly burger meat on the market will be less. The about 13 pounds as it dries in the packer's grass. Some hamburger meat comes from American Meat Institute estimates that only cooling room. animals that have been fattened on costly 8 million cows will be killed in 1980-30 Restaurant and retail cuts on such a corn, but only a small amount of it. percent fewer than in 1975. carcass probably weigh only about 480 Hamburger prices haven't varied much By that time, the expansion of the fast pounds. These cuts sold to chain stores in since January, 1974. Ground beef was recent­ food industry will mean strong bidding for mid-January for about $450, or an average ly on sale for under 70 cents a pound in the available supply of hamburger. The of slightly less than 96 cents a pound. The Washington. The average price nationwide number of fast food outlets is expected to seller could have been a packing company, has never gone over $1 .05 a pound and has increase from 28,000 to 43,000 by then. if it had a facility for meat cutting, or it usually been considerably lower. Prices at fast food outlets and restaurants could have been a wholesale meat dealer who The price of sirloin steak also is about what rose much more in 1976 tban did the price of buys carcasses and breaks them down into it was three years ago, except that there was food in supermarkets. the primary cuts. a sudden 50-cents-a-pound .1ump in early Some nutritionists feel tbat a sharp in­ About 75 pounds of fat still had to be 1975. The average price hit $2.25 on July 4 of crease in the price of both steak and ham­ trimmed off those 480 pounds of cuts before that year before sliding down again. burger would not be such a bad thing. They they could be put in the display count er . Understanding the reason for those devel­ argue it might encourage people to eat more That brought the weight of the meat down opments is the key to understanding wbat balanced meals. to 405 pounds. So the retail store that paid has happened, and what will happen, to beef Even though most hamburger meat comes $450 for all those cuts actually was paying prices. from ground-up cows whose meat is lean, almost $1.10 a pound for them, not 96 cents. The price of corn has a powerful impact hamburger makers add substantial amounts And in mid-January, the average of all t he on everything that happens with beef. since of pure fat to give juiciness and bond the cuts sold of that kind was about $1.37 a the American beef animals that make tomor­ meat together. McDonald's hamburgers are pound. The retail stores say the 27-cent dif­ row's steaks eat nearly one-sixth of the en­ only 19 percent fat, but some hamburgers ference goes to pay butchers and checkers, tire corn crop every year. are 30 percent fat. and for packaging and overhead- and a small Cows don't eat much corn, but they do pro­ Surveys of meats in fast food outlets show profit. duce calves that will. Their heifers and steers that they are extremely high in calories. Ac­ Between packer and consumer also were grow up to eat corn in fattening yards, so the cording to Consumer Reports, a snack con­ transportation costs (4 lf2 cents a pound from price of corn is an important economic indi­ sisting of a Big Mac hamburger, french fries Colorado to the East Coast) and storage cator. and a chocolate shake at McDonald's pro­ costs. ' In 1974, the United States had the poorest vided 1,100 calories. That is 40 percent of the But there also were opportunities for prof­ corn crop in five years and prices rose sharp­ recommended daily allowance for a man. its. The carcass probably produced about ly. And that event, overshadowed at the time Higher prices might persuade some Ameri­ 75 pounds of hamburger meat 1n addition to by Watergate and the resignation of President cans to switch from steaks and hamburgers the cuts. And the packinghouse more than Nixon, still has import for American con­ to pork chops and pork patties. That would offset the cost of killing the animal by selling sumers. cause packers and retail 'stores to offer farm- its hide, organs and inedible parts. February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5135 CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE TO Girl Scouts are directed and assisted by continues to anticipate the changing needs THE LENNI-LENAPE GffiL SCOUT many outstanding community leaders of girls and of the society and to encourage COUNCIL OF NEW JERSEY AND who generously and unselfishly extend its nearly four million members to be doers, rather than talkers, leaders, not followers, THE GffiL SCOUTS OF AMERICA IN their time and personal efforts to the and givers, not takers: Now, therefore, be it COMMEMORATION OF THE 65TH youth who participate in Scouting Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ ANNIVERSARY OF GIRL SCOUTING throughout our community, State and resentatives of the United States of America IN OUR NATION Nation. in Congress assembled. That the week of ---· I especially commend to you the fol­ March 6-12, 1977 is designated as "Girl Scouts lowing officers and members of the board of America Week" and the President is au­ HON. ROBERT A. ROE of directors of the Lenni-Lenape Girl thorized and requested to issue a proclama­ OF NEW JERSEY Scout Council, Inc., for their dedication, tion calling on the people of the United States IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to commemorate the Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. direction, and personal commitment in on the 65th anniversary of the founding of Wednesday, February 23, 1977 achieving the goals and purposes of the this most prestigious youth organization for Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, on Saturday, Girl Scouts of America: its progressive spirit and for its firm com­ BoARD OF DmECTORS, LENNE-LENAPE mitment to the values that have made this February 26, residents of my congres­ GmL ScouT couNCIL a great nation. sional district and the State of New Jer­ sey will join with the officers and mem­ Mrs. Margaret Wend, President. Mr. Speaker, Girl Scouting in America Mrs. Susan Ronk, First Vice President. began in Savannah, Ga., on March 12, bers of the Lenni-Lenape Girl Scout Mrs. Sharon Sullivan, Second Vice Presi- Council of New Jersey in commemorat­ dent. 1912 under the direction of Mrs. Julie·~te ing the 65th anniversary of the Girl Dr. Henry Bartol, Third Vice President. Low, who, while living in England, be­ Scouts of America. I rise in tribute to Mrs. Eleanor Brychta, Secretary. came interestE:ct in the work of her the significant investment in the en­ Mr. William Carew, Treasurer. friend, Lord Baden-Powell, founder of richment of the quality of our way of life Mrs. Louise Bartley. the Scouting movement. Mrs. Low. was that girl scouting .has made here in Miss Diane Bennett. determined to have American girls share America and to seek national recognition Mr. David Caliri. in the excitement of Scouting and, upon Mrs. Carolyn Cox. her return to the United States, estab­ of the standards of excellence that the Miss Jan Engle. Lenni-Lenape Girl Scout Council has Rev. Mary Frances Evans. lished the first American Girl Scout added to this most noble endeavor. Mrs. Doris Gale. troop. In June 1·913, the first national Mr. Speaker, the historic beginnings of Mrs. Ruth Gannon. headquarters of the Girl Scouts was the Lenni-Lenape Girl Scout Council Mrs. Elaine Giardino. opened. In June 1915, the Girl Scout or­ commenced in Paterson, N.J. in 1923 un­ Mrs. Ginney Gravatt. ganization was incorporated, and on der the exemplary leadership of Miss Mr. George Kick. March 16, 1950 the congressional charter Dora Goodbody whose distinguished Miss Iris Lynn. was granted. Mrs. Geneva Maletsky. Today, Girl Scouting presents a single, record of performance is lastingly etched Mrs. Carol Matheis. in the annals of girl scouting in New Jer­ Miss Theresa Rooney. continuing program of activities for girls sey and our Nation. Mrs. Jane Roseman. as they progress through the four-age In 1968 the Councils of Clifton, Pas­ Mrs. Dorothy Volpe. levels of Scouting; The Brownie Girl saic-Garfield and Greater Paterson Mr. Ervin E. White. Scouts, the Junior Girl Scouts, the Ca­ merged and in 1971 was joined by the Mr. Robert Wilcox. dette Girl Scouts, and the Senior Girl Sussex-North Warren Council to estab­ Mr. Sy Baumstein. Scouts. These activities are based on six Mrs. Adeline Shipp. elements that form the foundation of the lish the most esteemed organization of Miss Adele Collier. the Lenni-Lenape Girl Scout Council as Mrs. Mary Metzger. Girl Scout program-the meaning of the it is comprised today. promise and laws, service to others, troop The people of my congressional district Mr. Speaker, may I also take this management by the girls themselves, and State of New Jersey are deeply ap­ opportunity to call your attention to a citizenship, international friendship, preciative and gratefully acknowledge resolution I am introducing in the House health, and safety. the outstanding good works of the Lenni­ today to commemorate the 65th anniver­ Since the date of the founding of the Lenape Girl Scout Council, Inc., which, sary of the Girl Scouts of America which Girl Scouts of America, this prestigious with the assistance of more than 2,500 will be celebrated during their official youth organization has grown from an adult volunteers, serves over 14,000 girls birthday week, March 6-12. The text of 8-member group to a 2.8 million current in the New Jersey counties of Passaic, the resolution is as follows: membership of young ladies. Through Sussex, and portions of Warren, Bergen, H.J. RES. 277 their leadership qualities of self-reliance, and Morris. The Council Service Center Joint resolution to commemorate the 65th self-control, international friendships is located at 555 Preakness Avenue, Pat­ Anniversary of Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. and exchange, kindness, courtesies, and erson, N.J. and they maintain out-of­ and provide for the designation of the eagerness to serve others, their contri­ week of March 6-12, 1977 as "Girl Scouts bution as citizens of their community has . door program centers at Camp Clip­ of America Week" awaga, Sparta, N.J.; Camp Meyer, He­ helped eliminate prejudices; provided Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ leisure to young and adults alike, and witt, N.J.; Camp Sunowa, Sussex, N.J.; resentatives of the Untted States of America Camp Te-Ata, Central Valley, N.Y. in Congress assembled, That particularly our disadvantaged and sen­ Mr. Speaker, the objectives, scope and Whereas Girl Scouts of the United States ior citizens; achieved a greater com­ focus of the girl scout program are de­ of America, chartered by the Congress of the munion and understanding among the fined in four emphases adopted by the United State is this year celebrating the 65th peoples of the world; and encouraged Girl Scouts of America, as follows: anniversary of its founding; and public concern as well as action programs Whereas Girl Scouts of the United States THE EMPHASES for the preservation, protection and en­ of America, begun as a movement to liberate hancement of our environment-all a Deepening awareness of self as a unique girls from narrow, confining life-roles, has person of worth. since taken the lead in advancing what are significant investment in the enrichment Relating to others with increasing skill today universal concerns as protection of the and excellence of the quality of our way maturity and satisfaction. environment, youth participation in self-gov­ of life here in America. Developing values to give meaning and di­ ernment, .strengthened roles for the volun­ Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the oppor­ rection to life. teer worker, and international understand­ tunity to present this statement today Contributing to society through her own ing through friendship; and talents and in cooperative effort with others. and k11ow you and our colleagues will Whereas Girl Scouts of the United States want to join with me in saluting the The Girl Scout program activities sup­ of America is quietly and effectively helping Lenni-Lenape Girl Scout Council and port the Emphases by providing opportu­ to unite young Americans of all races, creeds, ethnic and economic backgrounds and is pro­ extend our heartiest congratulations and nities to build knowledge,.skills and com­ viding to millions of girls and adults unlim­ best wishes to the Girl Scouts of America petencies. In a group setting a girl devel­ ited opportunities for self-development and upon the observance and celebration of ops sensitivity to the feelings, needs and responsible service to their communities and their 65th anniversary in service to the attitudes of others; a sense of belonging to the nation; and youth of America and the leadership and a sense of human interdependence. Whereas Girl Scouts of the United States capabilities and future well-being of our. To help achieve their objectives, the of America, true to its pioneering tradition, Nation. · cxxnr--324-Part 4 5136 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 THE BOUNDARY WATERS WILDER­ pine, a treasure trove for the constant de­ down and went to court to block timbering mands of the lumber industry, as well as in the entire area. The actions blocked any NESS ACT spruce and jack pine. an equaly valuable re­ timbering on the tracts which had already source for the pulp mills, the largest industry been leased to timber companies as well as HON. DONALD M. FRASER in the state. mining activities. The mining question is still The present battle centers on the future pending. OF MINNESOTA of these trees--whether they should be cut The conservationists won their logging case IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and hauled away to become house rafters in district court but lost on appeal. Last and newspaper pages or whether they should month the Supreme Court refused to stay Wednesday, February 23, 1977 be kept in place to provide a mammoth rec­ the appeals court order and the logging com­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, today, I reactional area for generations to come. panies prepared to start operations within and 34 of my colleagues are reintroduc­ While the future of the area may hinge days. ing the Boundary Watem Wilderness Act, on this question, there are other differences However, two stumbling blocks appeared. which must be settled. For instance: First, according to James Torrence, the For­ a bill to extend full wilderness protec­ How much of the entire area should be est Service supervisor with control <;>ver the tion to the 1-million acre Boundary preserved in its natural state and how area, the six affected leases must be modified Waters Canoe Area in northern Min­ much-if any--should be modified to make to meet new environmental requirements nesota. it more accessable through roads and trails? under a management plan developed while The Boundary Waters Canoe Area has What about mining? There are large de­ they were blocked by the pending court been the center of intense controversy posits of low-grade copper and nickle ores action. since its inclusion in the national wilder­ in the region. This, he predicted, should block any log­ ness preservation system in 1964. Unlike Should the wilderness area lakes and ging until next week at the earliest and prob­ streatns be reserved for paddled canoes or ably until after the first of the year. The other units within the system, the BWCA should motor-driven boats be allowed? amendments must be approved at the level was declared by the 1964 Wilderness And during the winter, should the area of the Forest Service at which they were ini­ Act oo be open to commercial timber har­ be reserved for the hardy skier and snowshoer tially approved-in some cases in the office vestit\g and motorized travel. The result or should snowmobiles be allowed? of the chief-and then must be accepted by has been that motorboating is permitted But for the moment, the question of log­ the logging firtns. . on 19 designated routes covering 60 per­ ging is foremost in the minds of those in­ When that is accomplished, he said "there's volved in the controversy. essentially nothing in the legal sense to keep cent of the water surface area, logging In 1902, the U.S. forestry commissioner is authorized in over 40 percent of the them from operating." withdrew 500,000 acres in the area from tim­ However, one industry spokesman was area, snowmobiling was allowed until ber, minerals and homestead entry. In those both optimistic and pessimistic. Arthur this winter, and mining remains a threat days, national forests were viewed primarily Ennis of Boise Cascade Corp. in Minne­ despite enactment of restrictive legis­ as conservation areas, not the multiuse areas sota said earlier this week that the contract lation by the Minnesota Legislature. The they now are. modifications pose little problem and "we bill we are reintroducing today would By the end of 1908, an additional 660,000 thought we were in business. We thought we close the BWCA to all these activities. acres were withdrawn. could start work early this morning." Two recent Washington Star articles The first "winderness" designation came But then two stumbling blocks in the guise about after a controversy about Forest Serv­ of a federal and a state law arose. The con­ outlined clearly and forcefully the man­ ice road plans in 1926 when 640,000 acres were agement problems which have embroiled troversial federal Wetlands Act, which gives so defined. the Corps of Engineers control over waters the BWCA. Written by Tim Love, the From then until 1964 when the Wilderness tributary to navigatable waters, requires per­ articles underscore the need for a per­ Act was passed, private holdings were pur­ mits for any construction-including logging m~::J.ent legislative remedy to these prob­ chased by the government in several moves, road bridges-which could affect the water­ lems. I commend the articles to my col­ a ban on airplane flights below 4,000 feet was imposed to prevent "fly-in" resorts, Inineral course. leagues' attention. The articles and a list exploration began and logging operations in "Apparently we're OK with the federal law of cosponsors follow: some areas were started. since there are ways to bridge a stream with­ [From the Washington Star, Dec. 18, 1976] According to the Wilderness Act, its pur­ out altering its course," Ennis said. "But things are changing by the moment. There's "WOODSMAN, SPARE THAT TREE!" RINGS IN pose was to provide areas "where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled a state law passed in 1973 which has some MINNESOTA very obscure sections relating to operating (By Thomas Love) by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain ... retaining its primeval permits. Slightly more than one milllon acres of character ... managed to preserve its nat­ "It's stm not clear if it applies only to silent wilderness in the sparsley populated ural conditions ... where the imprint of state lands or if it applies to federal lands area along the Canadian border seTve as the man's work is substantually unnoticed." as well," he said. While the federal law just perfect setting for a classic environmental However, a special section of the law ap­ applies to activities which affect water­ confrontation. plying solely to the Boundary Waters Canoe courses, "the state law applies to the altera­ Although the basic battle lines are drawn Area was added requiring that the area be tion or disturbance of public waters-pe- between conservationists and business inter­ managed "without unnecessary restrictions riod," he said. · ests, there are also charges of elitism, de­ on other uses, including that of timber" and Conservationists, however, are not putting mands for the rights of the less than phy­ permitting "any already established use of much stock in the protection of those laws sically fit and charges that present trends motorboats." and see federal legislation as the only possi­ Will destroy any possibility that future gen­ This language, according to the conserva­ bility to save the wilderness area. And by the erations will be able to savor nature as dt tionists, was purely and simply a political time the next Congress can tackle the prob­ was befOTe man came along. payoff to the strong timber an,d motorboat lem it will be too late if the timbering is al­ It isn't a new war. The present confronta­ interests and destroyed the concept of a wil­ lowed to start. tion has its roots in the beginning of the derness area. Miron Heinselman, chairman of the century. But this could be the last battle On the other hand, those business inter­ Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness, because the chain saws of the loggers may ests insist the section merely recognized ex­ the umbrella group for organizations fighting roar in the wilderness within a week or so isting legal contracts of timber companies, disturbance of the wilderness, is not optimis­ and the rest may be just academic. the rights of those who can't--<>r don't wish­ tic. Although the basic case is still pending The site of the confrontation is the Bound­ to paddle a canoe and the facts of life about before the Supreme Court "we think the legal ary Waters Canoe Area, the second-largest the need for natural resources. game is over," he said. natural wilderness area in the natioJ:. and the Under this mandate, the Forest Service di­ "It is now a matter for Congress. There is largest east o:!' the Rocky Mountains, the first vided the million acres into two zones for no way to solve all these threats to the wil­ part of which was designated public land in timber management purposes. The first, some derness without legislation," he continued. 1902. 600,000 acres called the "interior zone," is The conservationists want a law like that The area, which contains 1,076 lakes and closed to logging. proposed in July by Rep. Donald Fraser, D­ 1,200 miles of canoe routes, stretches· 100 In the second, called the "portal zone," Minn., which would have given the entire miles along the Minnesota-Ontario border. logging is allowed. This section includes million acres the same protection as other Together with the milllon-a.cre Quetioo Pro­ about 160,000 acres of virgin timber. wilderness areas. Vincial Park adjo1n1ng it to the north, it The conservationists felt not only that any Although it failed to pass this year, the makes up what conservationists call one of logging would destroy the area as a recrea­ conservationists are optimistic that a similar the finest largely· untouched natural areas tional site, but that the necessary logging proposal would b~ successful during the next on the continent and certainly one of the roads through virgin timber would be ter­ session of Congress. Heinselman said that his most accessible to the heavily populated part rible themselves and bring in hordes of peo­ group is working through interested con­ of the nation. ple, making the area into a public park· gressmen to get the Forest Service to block Where there aren't lakes and streams, the rather than a wilderness area. the logging operations until the issue can area is covered with Norway pine and white They didn't take this compromise sitting receive full debate in Congress. February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS 5137 He has also issued a public appeal to the or whether it should be preserved as a wil­ Steers (MA). logging industry not to start operations until derness for future generations." Vento (MN). Congress considers the question. The future of the canoe area became a Weiss (NY). "It is not good public policy to be debat­ major concern of national conservation or­ Winn (Kan.). ing the preservation of a wilderness while ganizations when the Supreme Court last Wirth (Colo.) . bulldozers are out destroying the place," he month backed an Appeals Court decision said. which overturned a District Court ruling But even after the question of the logging which blocked logging in the area. question is settled-one way or the other­ Although the tract was designed a wilder­ SOLARZ CRITICIZES TERMINATION there remains the question of how to operate ness area by Congress, a special provision of OF BOMB SALE TO ISRAEL the remaining or entire wilderness area. the wilderness bill decreed that it must be That argument is no less heatedly debated managed "without unnecessary restrictions than the one over logging. on other uses, including that of timber." HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ On the one side are the strict conserva­ Conservationists called the language a po­ OF NEW YORK tionists who want to ban all motorized vehi­ litical payoff to the lumber industries of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cles of any kind because they consider them Minnesota, while those interests insisted that incompatible with the very concept of wilder­ it merely represented a reasonable recogni­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 ness. One of their publications states "most tion of existing contracts and the need for use of natural resources. Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, last week, visitors ... accept the lakeland environ­ in the midst of Secretary of State Cyrus ment on its own terms. There is solid evi­ Under those provisions of the law, the dence that almost all paddlers find their Forest Service which manages the region Vance's journey to the Middle East to experience impaired by meetings with power divided the million-acre canoe area into two take new soundings on the potential for boats." tracts-a 600,000-acre "interior zone" which a Middle East peace agreement, the The same, they say, goes for snowmobiles would be closed to logging and a 400,000 acre White House announced in Washing­ which they charge not only disturb the skier "portal zone" in which logging would be ton that the sale of CBU-72 bombs, the or snowshoer but cause physical damage allowed. so-called concussion bombs, had been to snow-softened terrain and undergrowth. In a move to settle this controversy be­ tween loggers and conservationists. Oberstar canceled. At one time the Forest Service ruled that It is my belief that this move by the snowmobiles were nothing but the winter introduced legislation during the last ses­ version of a motorboat and ruled they should sion of Congress to divide the area roughly Carter administration, its first decision be allowed in the wilderness area. They have 60-40 between a recreational area in which on the flow of armaments to the Middle since been banned but their backers have logging would be allowed and a wilderness East, will have substantial negative im­ gone to court and the issue has not been area in which it would be prohibited. plications for the U.S. drive for a Mid­ settled finally. An alternative bill backed by conserva­ dle East peace settlement. The opposite view holds that this is an tionists was proposed by Rep. Donald Fraser, D-Minn., which would have given full wilder­ Aside from the debate concerning the elitist view. Many people cannot paddle a advisability of the sale in the first place, canoe, ski or hike-or don't want to-and ness protection to the entire million acres. they should also have use of the area. Neither measure was enacted before Con­ an even more important question as far Ed Junke of Ely, Minn., and a member of gress adjourned but conservationists are op­ as I am concerned is the effect of the the Boundary Waters Resources Committee timistic that some measure to protect the bomb sale cancellation on Israel's per­ which backs use of motorboats and snow­ canoe area will be enacted during the next ception of the credibility of U.S. com­ mobiles, said, "We have nothing against session. mitments. esthetic values and agree that people need Oberstar said that his proposal would pro­ tect the virgin forest tracts within the If a peace agreement is to be negoti­ a place to meditate, but I don't think they ated in the Middle East in the near fu­ need a million acres. canoe area while allowing logging where it "We feel that we should have a bit of the would not be a major detriment. "I think ture, United States guarantees of the Boundary Water area. We just want a few the reaction has been so strong against log­ settlement will likely be one important trails and a few fishing lakes for winter fun. ging in a virgin forest that this is a reason­ element in getting all sides to make the We're not selfish. We want everyone to be able alternative to a total wilderness area," necessary concessions for peace. The Is­ able to use it. We're not trying to keep any­ he said. raelis have traditionally been unwilling one else out. We just think that everyone­ "I have been able to persuade them to wait to put their vital security interests in the old, the young, the handicapped--should for Congress to make its decision giving everybody the opportunity for a compro­ the hands of other powers-and their be able to use some of the area. suspicions were justifiably fortified by He said that snowmobilers frequently have mise," he continued. "This time the indus­ to rescue stranded skiers and that the ter­ try is wearing the white hat. There were no the abject failure of the United Nations rain is too thick for them to chase wild threats or pressure, but they gave up the in 1967 to prevent the outbreak of war animals-a frequent charge-and that they rights they had won iii court for a larger and the precipitous withdrawal of U.N. solution. I think this is a landmark deci­ seldom damage terrain since most of thell~ peace keeping forces from key border activity is on frozen waterways. sion." areas. Now the Carter administration has [From the Washington Star, Dec. 21, 1976] COSPONSORS OF THE BOUNDARY WATERS WIL· made a move which can only reinforce DERNESS ACT AS OF FEBRUARY 18. 1977 MINNESOTA WILDERNESS GIVEN REPRIEVE FROM Anderson (Ill.) . Israeli skepticism about the constancy TIMBERING Bedell (Iowa). of American pledges. After all, it was (By Thomas Love) Beilenson ( CA) . only last October that then President There will be no logging in the Boundary Bingham (NY). Ford approved the sale of CBU-72 units Waters Canoe Area in Minnesota until Con­ Blouin (Iowa) . to Israel. Four months later a new Presi­ gress has a chance to decide if the million­ Brodhead (Mich.). dent has repudiated the word of the pre­ acre tract along the Canadian border should Brown (CA). vious U.S. Executive. How can the Is­ be preserved as a wilderness area. Burton ( CA) . Rep. James L. Oberstar, D-Minn., said last Carr (Mich.). raelis be sure that any guarantees pro­ night that the four logging interests which Chisholm (NY). vided by the Carter administration as were planning to start operations immedi­ Conyers (Mich.). a pre-condition for peace will not be ately have agreed not to begin cutting for Fenwick (NJ). junked by a subsequent administration? at least six months. . Flood (PA). I might add that in light of the vari­ "This is a great breakthrough," he said. Harkin (Iowa) . ous objections raised concerning the sale "They agreed to forego th~ir rights to log Leach (Iowa) . in the first place, Israel promised in a in the canoe area this year to give Congress Madigan (Ill.). letter to the Pentagon on December 16, an opportunity to act on pending btlls de­ Mazzoli (KY). signed to protect the area in varying degrees Metcalfe (lll.). 1976, that she would use these bombs only fl'lom intrusion." Jack Loren, executive di­ Mikva (Ill.). against military fortift.ed targets and rector of the Isaac Walton League, praised Moakley (Mass.). only if Israel were attacked by more than Oberstar for getting the loggers to agree to Moffett (Conn.) . one country. In fact, Israel had several suspend operations. Ottinger (NY). important military roles slated for the "Hopefuly, this w1ll give Congress time Nolan (MN) CBU-72, including minefield clearing, to consider all the b1lls which have been Reuss (Wis.) . the destruction of parked aircraft even introduced to decide what the future of the Richmond (NY) . area should be," he said. Scheuer (NY). if in protected locations and the attack-· "This wm allow the elected representatives Seiberling NY). ing of hardened missile and missile ra­ of the American people to decide whether the Spellman (MA). dar sites. area should be used for mining and logging Stark (CA). Mr. Speaker, the New Republic car- 5138 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 r1ed an excellent editorial on the can­ can be stopped only if the other big arms SOLUTION: IMPORT GAS cellation of the sale which I would like sellers are willing for it to be stopped. Presi­ While gas is a precious fuel in the U.S., dent Carter might do well to make Russian in other parts of the world-the Middle East, to place in the RECORD at this point: cooperation on this matter a measure of How NoT To LIMIT THE ARMs TRADE Africa and Asia--it is regarded as of little whether detente can actually be made to use and burned off at the wellhead, its use­ The same newspaper bringing the news work in that part of the world where the fulness lost to mankind. One solution now that the US is cancelling a promised sale of peace is actively and perpetually threatened. being ac;lopted by the oil and gas industries CBU-72 bombs to Israel also reported that is to ship this foreign gas to the U.S. the South Africans would soon be manufac­ Gas, of course, is an impractical cargo turing atomic weapons. For this they are in the debt not of that enterprising senior at in its natural form. The solution has been Princeton, but of our own government which TANKER SAFETY IMPROVEMENT to freeze it down into a liquid form at a over the years has channeled enriched ura­ ACT temperature of about -260 degrees Fahren­ nium and scientists to the Pretoria branch of heit. In this state, the gas is 1/600th of its the nuclear aspirants club. This confluence original volume and becomes a practical of news is only the latest evidence that there HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST shipping proposition. isn't much logic to who is and who isn't at OF VIRGINIA Within the next few years, specially built the receiving end of America's largesse with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tankers wUl begin transporting the liquefied military capability. gas from North Africa to ports up and down Retarding the arms race in the Middle East Wednesday, February 23, 1977 the Eastern Seaboard of the U.S. There are is a worthy goal, indeed a necessity, and schemes to ship the gas from Asia and even Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, the Alaska to the West Coast by these tankers. Israel should not be iminune from the proc­ Parade section of the February 20, 1977, ess. We applaud President Carter's inten­ Other countries are making similar plans. tions. But what Carter has done in breaking Norfolk Virginian-Pilot contained an ex­ The small trade from North Africa to Europe the commitment his predecessor made to cellent article by Alexander Cockburn is expected to increase, and a $3 billion proj­ Israel may not have the salutary ef­ and James Ridgeway entitled ''Liquid ect is well under way to ship liquid gas from fect on the prospects for peace in Natural Gas Tankers Rouse Fears of Indonesia to Japan. The U.S. government, in the region that his advisers persuaded Catastrophe." It seems to me that these fact, is issuing $730 million in loan guaran­ him it would. Politically, the move gentlemen's point is well taken, and I tees to General Dynamics Corporation-the casts doubt on the credibility of US under­ would like to share this article with my largest guarantee ever made to a single com­ takings to Israel. Any significant territorial colleagues at this point in the RECORD. pany-for the building of tankers to carry concessions Israel is asked to make in nego­ the gas from Indonesia. The U.S. also is tiations must be predicated on the assump­ On January 4, 1977, I introduced H.R. negotiating with the Soviet Union to bring tion that American guarantees are reliable, 711, the Tanker Safety Improvement in gas from Siberia. and that one administration will not renege Act. This bill was drafted primarily If all goes according to plan, within a on the promises of a previous one. This is ex­ with oil tankers in mind, but there is no decade or so, scores of these odd-looking actly what carter said while he was cam­ reason why its interpretation could not ships will be crisscrossing the ocean and paigning, but it has not guided his behavior be broadened to include LNG-liquid routinely sailing in and out of busy Amer­ in his administration's first major act affect­ natural gas. I hope that full hearings on ican ports with their cargoes of desperately ing the Arab-Israeli dispute. Former Presi­ this legislation can be held in the near needed fuel. As much as 15 percent of the dent Ford and former Secretary Kissinger nation's gas may soon be imported in this thought the sale of the CBUs, which are par­ future, and that prompt and favorable manner. ticularly effective against hardened missile action will be taken in order that every­ Both in government and industry, experts sites, aircraft revetments, minefields and tank thing possible can be done to prevent hail this development as an innovative clusters, was needed to help maintain there­ further tragedies. answer to the energy crisis. But these same gional arms balance that had been upset by The article follows: experts now are meeting with growing op­ the transformation of primitive Saudi Arabia LIQUID NATURAL GAS TANKERS ROUSE FEARS position to their plans. At the center of de­ into a modern military power. The balance OF CATASTROPHE bate is the question of safety and the stark was always a precarious one. It assumed that (By Alexander Cockburn and James fact that the explosion of just one of these Israeli technological superiority could neu­ 1 Ridgeway) gas tankers in a U.S. port could kill upwards tralize the colossal numerical advantages the of 100,000 people. Arabs enjoyed in weapons and troops avail­ In the suminer of 1883, a gigantic explo­ Little real testing has been done on the able for battle. But the general moderniza­ sion echoed across the world. The island of safety of the new tankers that will carry the tion of the Arab world, the possession of ad­ Krakatoa, off the coast of Indonesia, simply liquid gas in huge cylinders embedded in vanced weapons systems by all of the com­ disappeared into the sea. Its remains were their hulls. In 1970 the U.S. Bureau of Mines batants, and the emergence of Saudi Arabia blown 17 miles into the sky and dust par­ mounted a brief experiment. A small quan­ as a possible confrontation state (and almost ticles filtered around the globe, causing ex­ tity of liquid natural gas was dropped into certainly a supplier state) in another war has traordinary sunsets remembered by all who an aq.uarium, which promptly blew up. Later altered all of the old calculations. had seen them for years afterward. Tidal the liquid gas was dropped into a pond, with If Carter is genuinely intent on limiting waves were observed as far away as the Eng­ equally explosive results. The bureau con­ the arms race he should, having cancelled lish Channel. The noise of the explosion was cluded in a report that no assurances can be the CBU transaction with Israel, move also heard 3000 miles away. Thirty-six thousand offered "that these explosions could not scale to curtail some of the bloated trade in arms people in the near vicinity were k1lled. with the Arabs. Of particular interest here The cause of this catastrophe was a mighty up to damaging proportions in a massive are the 1600 laser-guided Maverick missiles volcanic eruption. Scientists now speculate spill." The scientists engaged in these experi­ and more than 100 F-5E aircraft capable that the unparalleled intensity of the blast ments all recalled one of the few cases in of carrying them that the Saudis have con­ was caused by the sudden mixture of lava which the effects of an accident involving tracted for (see "Arms Peddling," TNR, Oct. with seawater, leading to the creation and liquid natural gas could actually be observed. 2, 1976 and "Arms and More Arms," TNR, release of vast amounts of energy. This On Oct. 20, 1944, in Cleveland, Ohio, 2 mil­ Oct. 16, 1976). This would be a sign of high theory carries a startling message for modern lion gallons of liquid natural gas burst from seriousness and of the kind of even-handed­ times. For scientists now worry that the two storage tanks belonging to the East ness which is quite appropriate to our func­ modern industrial age may have unwittingly Ohio Gas Co. and created a flrestorm. Liquid gas flowed down the streets and into the tion as peace broker in the Middle East. ~eveloped the conditions under which the sewers. The slightest spark exploded it. Man­ But even if he were to do that, Carter "Krakatoa effect" could be repeated on a quickly would find that unilateral American smaller scale hundreds of times around the hole covers sailed into the air and fell like restraint on arms sales cannot materially globe. bombs on the fleeing crowds. So intense was affect the influx of new and ever more dan­ What frightens these scientists is not the the heat that birds above the city burned gerous weapons systems into the region. To specter of nuclear explosions with which alive as they flew. The streets became rivers be sure, the only arms route to Israel is via mankind has lived since World War II, but of flame. Houses exploded. In the end, 29 the United States. To that extent at least, an entirely new menace: liquefied natural acres of homes and stores were gutted and the security of the Israelis is in our hands. gas. Natural gas, often found in the search 131 people lost their lives. And the liquid gas tanks in Cleveland held only a small But what we might refrain from selling to for oil, is one of our most valuable fuels. It Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and other provides about one-third of all energy con­ fraction of the amount carried by a modern countries, they can get from the British sumed in the·United States. It is clean and, tanker, which ranges from about 33 to 42 (desperate now for cash), the French (eager until recently, cheap. Now U.S. companies million gallons. for it under any circumstances) and the that produce and sell natural gas from the SAFETY STUDIES URGED Soviets (whose political ends always are Southwest claim the resource is fast being In recent months anxiety over the dangers served by an arms imbalance in favor of the exhausted and, in order to meet demands, of liquid natural gas has spread. No less a Arabs) . The arms race in the Middle East they must look further and further afield. figure than Dr. Ed ward Teller, the nuclear February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5139 physicist often viewed as the father M the Pearl Darlington, on July 23, 1912, and Ida ards t.o be a case of special pleading. As H-bomb, is concerned: "The gas shortage is Darlington Shriver on July 12, 1934; one son, in most cases of special pleading, the apt to become very serious and therefore Joseph Darlington, March 24, 1972, and three auto industry position is not consistent the importation of liquid natural gas may infant sons. with proper public policy. This has been become really necessary .... Time and money Survivors include three sons, Thomas M. spent on the safety of liquid natural gas is Darlington, of Holiday, Fla., Chester Darling­ documented time and again, and can less than one percent of what has been spent ton, of Pittsburg, Kans., and Paul Darling­ easily be inferred from the press ac­ on the safety of nuclear reactors. I am sug­ ton, Oswego, Kans.; four daughters, Mrs. counts on this subject. It is important gesting that, in view of our 1;1eed for liquid Neva Jean Hartzfeld of Arcadia, Mrs. Estele to remember this when the letters now natural gas, very greatly increased attention Hartzfeld of Kansas City, Kans., Mrs. Edna being generated by Detroit to lobby the be paid to safety studies." Weaver of Mound City, and Mrs. Mary Lou Congress arrive. The Coast Guard is so concerned tha.t it Robison of Olathe; two brothers, John Dar­ In order to share with my colleagues has established special procedures protecting lington of Pittsburgh, and Wayne Darlington some recent articles on the auto indus­ gas tankers. In Boston, where small ship­ of Pasco, Wash.; 24 grandchildren; 52 great­ ments of the liquid gas are already being grandchildren; 18 great-great-grandchildren; tries' profits, and plans for auto emission off-loaded, the shipping lanes are cleared of and 2 great-great-great-grandchildren. controls in California, I insert the fol­ other traffic long in advance. Fire depart­ The family received friends from 7 to 8:30 lowing items in the RECORD: ments are placed on standby alert. Tankers p.m. Sunday at the First Christian Church in [From the Los Angeles Times, Feb. 18, 1977] Arcadia, and Arcadia Lodge No. 401 IOOF may only enter the harbor if visibility ex­ GM CARS IN STATE To HAVE ADVANCED held services at 8 p.m. in the church. Funeral ceeds two miles. At the first sign of a thun­ EMISSION UNITS derstorm, all unloading ceases. services were at 2 p.m., February 21. Rev. Carl Walker III officiated. Burial was at Me­ (By Harry Anderson) CONGRESS CONCERNED Kill Cemetery, northeast of Arcadia in Ver­ General Motors Corp. will install three-way Citizens' groups around likely liquid nat­ non County, Mo. catalytic converters and electronically con~ ural gas terminals (such as Staten Island, trolled carburetors on a limited number o! N.Y., and Los Angeles) are opposing the cars to be sold in California beginning this building of such facilities. In the Congress, fall, GM President Elliott M. Estes said here in the Federal Power Commission and in the PROFITS, PROGRESS, AND POLLU­ Thursday. Department of Transportation, politicians GM thus becomes the third auto maker to and officials are nervously considering im­ TION IN AMERICAN AUTOMO­ experiment with such advanced emissions proved safety precautions. Committees in BILES control systems to meet California's tougher the House may begin public inquiries pollution standards. Volvo first introduced shortly and could well involve testimony on them on 1977 four-cylinder models, and ear­ the likelihood of the "Krakatoa effect" oc­ HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. lier this month Ford Motor Co. said it would curring in the event of an accident. OF CALIFORNIA install similar devices on about 30,000 1978- Over the last few months, this concern IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES model Pintos and Mercury Bobcats to be sold has been redoubled. Oil tanker disasters, in­ in the state. cluding the explosion of one tanker in Los Wednesday, February 23, ·1977 During a press conference at the Greater Angeles harbor and the wreck of another off Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ Los Angeles Press Club, Estes said GM­ Nantucket, have brought home in brutal er, the Congress is once again faced with which had earlier expressed concern that fashion the result of lax safety measures on the problem of dealing with automobile such three-way catalytic devices might not fuel shipments to the U.S. These calamities be practical-would introduce them on 1978 would pale in comparison with any accident emission standards. The propaganda on Ponti,ac Sunbirds equipped with 2.5 liter, to a liquid natural gas tanker. It is a race this subject has been distributed for four-cylinder engines and 1978 Buick Sky­ against time on more ways than one: the years, with the approach that the auto­ hawks equipped with 3.8 liter, V-6 engines. race to head off another energy crisis; the mobile industry uses to argue for delays He said he expected the new system will be race of the tanker men to get their new in cleaning up their auto exhausts chang­ offered on "at least 1,400" cars and perhaps as fleets under way; the race of government reg­ ing as external events change. many as 2,000 or more. ulators to caltch up on safety precautions and A time-honored argument has been A big advantage of the new system, said head off what could be a terrifying catas­ that the technology does not exist to Estes, will be to boost GM's fuel economy trophe. average in California. Currently, the com­ clean up automobile emissions in an eco­ pany's car get about 2 miles per gallon less, nomical fashion. This argument has time on average, than those sold in the other 49 JOSEPH L. DARLINGTON and again been rebutted, most recently states. The fuel penalty has been attributed by the breakthrough made by Volvo with to the state's tighter pollution limits. the three-way catalyst. The response of "We've got a chance of being within one HON. JOE SKUBITZ the automobile industry in Washington mile per gallon of the federal fuel economy OF KANSAS was to deny that they could meet the average" on 1978 models sold in California, he said. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES same standards. But Detroit did hedge its beats, at least for California, where Estes said GM had recently discovered a Wednesday, February 23, 1977 means to use a conventional automobile car­ the State has shown it is serious about buretor with a three-way catalytic converter Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, last Fri­ enforcing stringent emission standards. by utilizing an electronic exhaust feedback day, February 18, an old friend and Now both General Motors and Ford have and fuel metering system. Previously, the ad­ neighbor of mine from my congressional announced that they will meet the Cali­ vanced converters could only be used with a district, Joseph L. Darlington, died at fornia standards with an emission con­ much more expensive fuel injection system his family home near Arcadia, Kans. Jo­ trol system similar, but probably cheaper which GM didn't think was "reasonable" for seph was born on February 23, 1882, and mass production of cars, he said. than the Volvo system. So much for the (Catalytic converters have been used on would have been 95 today. Following is "technology does not exist'• argument. most new cars since 1975 to control emis­ a reprint of a newspaper article about A second a.rgument against emission sions while affording better fuel economy. Joseph. controls has been economics. Well, once "Three-way" converters are so named because JOSEPH L. DARLINGTON again the automobile companies have they are able to reduce emissions of all three Joseph L. Darlington, 94, died at the family had record profits and sales, and this major automotive air pollutants, while pres­ home near Arcadia and Oskaloosa, Mo. He had despite the enormous price increases for ent converters affect only two.) been ill and was recently dismissed from their automobiles. It is difficult to believe The company has not decided how much Mercy Hospital in Fort Scott. He was born more it will charge for cars equipped with February 23, 1882, in Vernon County, Mo., that this enormous industry, with its the new system, Estes said, but he expects its the son of Martin and Barbara Rhorer Dar­ enormous profits, cannot produce pollu­ cost to be "less than half" what it would have lington. He attended school in Vernon Coun­ tion control equipment economically. In been if GM had used fuel injection instead ty and began farming and raising cattle. fact, AmeTican auto companies can do of the conventional carburetor. Fuel injec­ Mr. Darlington married Ida May Basham this, as they have shown when forced to tion now costs $100 to $300 extra, he added. on February 11, 1903, in Fort Scott. They produce a better product. If nothing else, "We're initiating this on a relatively low made their home in Barton County, Mo., on they can apply some of their profits. to­ volume in California on the basis that this the family farm. Membership was held in the ward reducing the pollution load. By may be the next technological step in the United Methodist Church of Arcadia, and emission control program," he said. Arcadia Lodge No. 401, IOOF. now it is obvious that I consider the However, he declined to say if GM wOuld Mrs. Darlington died April 28, 1964. He was arguments of the automobile industry in utilize the new system on all of its cars if it also preceded in death by daughters Johnnie favor of delaying auto emission stand- proves successful in California. Eventually, 5140 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 the nation may have to develop a "two-car" The strike by the United Auto Workers many cows that are being milked would program in which some cars will be equipped against Ford last September and October be sold to slaughter. with more pollution control devices for high­ reduced sales by 438,000 cars and trucks or The beef market is so poor, I am told, pollution areas. about $2.1 billion and profits by $348 m1llion, that some ranchers have started selling "We say that maybe we shouldn't put that the company said. their calves and milking beef cows be­ same car into Grand Island, Neb., where the A change in accounting practices to the wind blows every day so damned hard that last-in-first-out (LIFO) method reduced cause they need the cash flow-even if whatever comes out ends up in Chicago in profits by another $81 million. costs of production exceed the price they three minutes," said Estes. Ford indicated its expected results in a get for milk. Previously, GM had expressed concern that contradictory year when it worked five as­ Housewives across the land should if all cars were equipped with three-way sembly plants, employing 23,000 blue collar know that our farmers must have a converters there would be insufficient rho­ workers, over the Christmas to New Year profit if they are to continue producing dium to meet production needs. (Rhodium, holiday producing intermediate and larger the milk, meat, and other foods which a trace element extracted during the mining cars. we feed our families. Congress should of platinum, is an essential part of the ad­ A major assembler in those plants, the vanced catalytic system.) most common UAW classification, grossed take early steps to change public policy However, Estes said Thursday that he just over $168 for each eight-hour day clocked and place dairymen and ranchers on a foresees no shortage of the metal if its use is in that period. solid footing for economic survival. confined to California cars. Federal income taxes for 1976 were $731 The GM executive said the company has million, according to Iacocca and Ford. been unable thus far to solve one problem In their joint statement, the Ford execu­ with the advanced system. Its oxygen sensor, tives said: "The U.S. economy 1s recovering FEDERAL FLOOD INSURANCE which directs the fiow of fuel through the from the pause that started last summer. In carburetor according to the amount of pol­ recent months, most leading indicators in­ lutants it measures in the car's exhaust, creased at an ·accelerated rate, giving us con­ HON. JOSEPH S. AMMERMAN fidence that the recovery w111 continue must presently be replaced every 20,000 miles, OF PENNSYLVANIA although "we're trying to get to 50,000." He through 1977 ." said the sensor costs less than $20. They said the company produced 3.5 cents IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (Volvo recommends that its sensor be profits on each dollar of sales during 1976, Wednesday, February 23, 1977 changed every 15,000 miles, and Ford has compared with 1.4 cents on each sales dollar specified a change every 25,000 miles.) in 1975 and 4.0 cents in 1973. Mr. AMMERMAN. Mr. Speaker, my At the press conference, Estes also said General Motors made the same compari­ newspaper report to the citizens of the that: son a week ago, quoting 6.2 cents in after 23d Congressional District of Pennsyl­ He expects 1978-model GM cars to achieve tax profit on the sales dollar in 1976 versus vania this week concern~ the Federal better than 19 miles per gallon on average, 3.5 cents in 1975 and 6.7 cents in 1973. flood insurance program. I believe the and "hopefully 19Y2 m.p.g." That compares B.F. Goodrich Co., a major tire and rubber information would be of value to the with 18.4 m.p.g. for 1977. He said the com­ maker, yesterday reported sharply lower earn­ pany expects to meet increasingly tight fed­ ings for 1976, which it blamed on a 141-day Members. eral requirements for fuel economy without strike by the United Rubberworkers Union An important concern of mine for the limiting production of its biggest cars-at last year. past several days has been the threat least through 1980. The auto makers must Goodrich said its profits in the fourth of widespread flooding this spring in the average 18 m.p.g. for their 1978 models, 19 quarter jumped to $22.9 million ($1.53 a 23d District, and the rest of Pennsyl­ m.p.g. on the 1979s and 20 m.p.g. on the share), nearly five times 1975's fourth-quar­ vania, as a result of the severe winter. 1980s. ter earnings of $3.9 million (23 cents). Sales A number of Pennsylvania State offi­ "We will have redesigned every single car in the quarter gained nearly 3 per cent, $510.3 cials were in Washington recently to in our line by 1980 to improve fuel economy," million from $495.9 million. he said. Its redesigned intermediate cars­ But for all of 1976, Goodrich earned $15.8 brief the State's congressional delega­ such as Oldsmobile Cutlass and Chevrolet million (95 cents), off 28 per cent from 1975's tion on the flood situation, among other Monte Carlo--which will be introduced next $22.1 m1llion $.41). Sales for the year rose matters. fall will average 3 m.p.g. more than their nearly 5 per cent to $1.996 b1llion from $1.901 They say the buildup of snow and ice 1977 counterparts, he said. billion. this winter has been the worst since the GM has made "significant progress" in de­ 1930's. In some areas of Pennsylvania veloping a new zinc/nickel oxide battery the ground is frozen to a depth of 40 which could lead to production of a light­ DAffiYMEN OPERATING AT A LOSS inches. weight, inexpensive electric commuter car. If Such a vehicle could become an important we have a fast thaw or· extensive factor in "at least 10 years or so." The elec­ rainfall during the thaw, the ground will tric car's drawbacks until now have been Hon. Theodore M. (Ted) Risenhoover not bt able to absorb the water from the high cost and weight of existing lead OF OKLAHOMA the melting snow and there will be very acid batteries. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES damaging floods. He said GM has a "tremendously strong" At this point there is no cause for program to produce a 2,500-pound, $3,500 Wednesday, February 23, 1977 public alarm. Disastrous flooding is not two-seat electric car with luggage space and Mr. RISENHOOVER. Mr. Speaker, inevitable, and a gentle thaw· could re­ a range of 100 miles at up to 50 m .p.h. Oklahoma State University has com­ solve much of the problem. pleted a study showing that dairymen in However, it does seem likely that there [From the Washington Post, Feb. 16, 1977] Oklahoma and surrounding States are will be at least some flood damage this FORD SALES, PROFITS AT PEAK losing $79.66 a year on each cow they spring, and I think prudence would dic­ (By Douglas Williams) are milking. tate that the residents of the ~3d : Dis­ DETROIT, Feb. 15.-Despite a four-week Worse, in the Midsouth region, dairy­ trict take some precautions against· the strike last fall, Ford Motor Co. today reported men are losing $174.58 annually, accord­ ~re~ . . worldwide record sales and profits for 1976 ing to the OSU study by three experts. The Government cannot stop floods of $28.8 billion and $983 million respectively. At present, dairymen are receiving from occurrin·g. But your Government The Ford results had been widely antici­ parity support of 77 percent. I have in­ has made available to YO"P a program pated and followed by a week General Motors troduced legislation raising parity to 90 which can help you protect yourself Corp.'s similar report of a record $2.9 billion profit on worldwide sales of $47.2 billion. percent-which would assure a profit­ from flood losses-the Federal flood in­ Ford dollar sales were up 20 per cent from not a loss-for farmers who produce the surance program. 1975's record $24 billion and profits were up milk for our tables. Most of the communities in the 23d 14 percent from the previous record of $907 Several factors enter the current District already are participating in the million set in 1973. picture. · program. I urge those communities that Total car and truck sales for 1976 were a The drought has reduced foliage sup­ are not participating to reexamine their record 5.3 million compared to the previous plies and dairymen are forced to feed situations and take another look at the 4.6 million set last year. program. A joint statement by chairman of the their herds more expensive grain. board Henry Ford II and president Lee Iacoc­ Because of an equally sluggish market The Department of Housing and Ur­ ca said the 14 per cent rise in profits from for beef cattle, dairymen are resisting ban Development, HUD, here in Wash­ 1973 was actually a 14 per cent decrease when the possibility of selling milk cows to ington has authorized the Pennsylvania measured in constant dollars to eliminate the hamburger factory. Should the red Department of Community Affairs in 1nfl.ation. meat market improve, I believe that Harrisburg to help communities prepare February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5141 their applications. And HUD has prom­ Millstone Twp. reminder of the necessity of halting such ised that it will cut the time it takes for Spring Creek Twp. actions in the future: the applications to be processed in Wa.sh­ Forest County Abject surrender of notorious gangster ington from the normal 6 days to 3. Barnett Twp. and murderer Abu Daoud is a shameful and In a participating community home­ Green Twp. revolting chapter in the history of the Re­ owners can purchase up to $35,000 insur­ Kingsley Twp. public of France. In keeping with your hu­ ance coverage on the houses plus $10,000 Tionesta Twp. mlUation it is fitting that you lower the McKean County Tri-color to half-mast in memory .of the on contents. honor of the France that once was. The premium rate, which is federally Kane Borough. subsidized, is 25 cents per $100 worth of Otto Twp. I would also like to thank Mr. Michael coverage on your house; 35 cents per Westmore Twp. Mann, president of the Loyal League of $100 for the contents. The maximum Potter County Yiddish Sons of Erin, for bringing this poosible premium for a single-family Bingham Twp. important statement to my attention. home is $122 ..50. Clara Twp. Keating Twp. This coverage may be obtained from Pleasant Valley Twp. any licensed insurance agent. Portage Twp. WHAT DO THEY WANT? An important point to remember is Sylvania Twp. that there is a 15-day waiting period be­ Venango County fore new policies become effective. ·so Allegheny Twp. HON. JAMES ABDNOR the sooner you acquire it the better. Canal Twp. OF SOUTH DAKOTA I am not an insurance agent and I am Cherrytree Twp. not telling you to go out and buy the Frenchcreek Twp. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES flood insurance. Irwin Twp Wednesday, February 23, 1977 I am telling you that the Federal Gov­ Jackson Twp. Mineral Twp. Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, in a day ernment established this program in and age when the environmental impact 1973, that it is available to you and that Oakland Twp. Plnegrove Twp. statement on just about everything has given the prospects for flooding this year, Plum Twp. become a goal in itself, rather than a it is a way to protect yourself against Richland Twp. step to a further goal, it is occasionally losses. Rockland Twp. appropriate to stop and wonder what is You ought to consider it. Scrubgrass Twp. happening, and if what is happening is TWENTY-THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Utica Borough. Victory Twp. what we really want to happen. COMMUNITIES NOT PARTICIPATING IN THE The February 18, 1977 edition of the FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM Warren County Rural Electric Newsletter contains a con­ (As of Dec. 31, 1976-Data supplied by HUD) Bear Lake Borough. Cherry Grove Twp. versation piece by Mike Molony which Cameron County Clarendon Borough. asks a question we all need to ponder. I (All participating.) Deerfield Twp. commend it to the attention of my Centre County Eldred Twp. colleagues : Taylor Twp. Freehold Twp. CONVERSATION PIECE: WHAT DO THE Clarion Co'unty (part) Limestone Twp. ENVIRONMENTALISTS WANT? Southwest Twp. Ashland Twp. A 184-page answer to that question was Spring Creek Twp. released here 1n Washington last week. The Beaver Twp. Sugar Grove Twp. Kno:x Borough. product of a $60,000 grant from the Rocke­ Triumph Twp. feller Brothers Fund, Inc., the report, en­ Millcreek Twp. Watson Twp. Salem Twp. titled "The Unfinished Agenda," is billed as Shippenville Borough. a "consensus document." In it, the nation's Strattanville Borough. leading environmental organizations, includ­ Washington Twp. ing Friends of the Earth, Sierra Club, Natu­ LOYAL LEAGUE OF YIDDISH SONS ral Resources Defense Council, Wilderness Clearfield County OF ERIN CONDEMNS RELEASE OF Society, Zero Population Growth, National Bloom Twp. ABU DAOUD Wildlife Federation, the Nature Conservancy, Boggs Twp. Environmental Defense Fund, Izaak Walton Bradford Twp. League, National Parks a.nd Conservation Brady Twp. HON. LESTER L. WOLFF . Assn. and the National and Massachusetts Burnside Borough. Audubon Societies, reveal their collective Chest Twp. OF NEW YORK perception of the critical issues of the next Decatur Twp. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES decade. Glenhope Borough. Wednesday, February 23, 1977 To a great extent, most of the ideas 1n Greenwood Twp. this "Citizens' Policy Guide to Environmen­ Houtzdale Borough. Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, once again, tal Issues" have been aired before in other Huston Twp. I would like to address myself to the reports, of other studies, by other task JordanTwp. forces, funded by other foundations. Karthaus Twp. serious problem of international terror­ ism which continues to threaten the Where this particular document breaks Lumber City Borough. . new and disturbing ground, however, is in Mahaffey Borough. safety and welfare of citizens of all na­ some recommendations which seem less con­ New Washington Borough. tions. cerned with the physical quality of our ~n­ Newburg Borough. The Loyal League of Yiddish Sons of vironment, and more related to our social Osceola Mills Borough. Erin joins with me ir. condemning the and economic value system and the basic Penn Twp. many acts of terrorism with which we political philosophy of this nation. Pike Twp. have been confronted in recent years, There is no attempt to mask this focus. Troutville Borough. ·and in particular, concerns itself with "This book is about a world transition from Union Twp. abundance to scarcity," they say, "a transi­ Wallaceton Borough. the continuous struggles of Israel and tion which requires a profound change of hu­ Woodward Twp. Ireland. man values." And what are some of these Clinton County In concert with many of my colleagues, values which the environmental consensus Crawford Twp. I have expressed my extreme.disapproval feels must be changed? Here are a few: Gallagher Twp. of France's action in releasing terrorist Establish a national goal of population sta­ Grugan Twp. Abu Daoud. The Loyal League of Yid­ b111zation or gradual decrease; Leidy Twp. dish Sons of Erin has voiced these same Eliminate additional tax benefits for those Loganton Borough. views in the form of a mailgram to the with three or more children; West Keating Twp. Gradually reduce and stabilize quotas for Honorable Jacques Kosciusko-Morizet, legal immigration; Elk County Ambassador of France to the United All forms of foreign assistance should be Benezette Twp. States. I would like, at this time, to insert linked to bringing birth rates into line with . Horton Twp. the contents of this correspondence as a death rates; 5142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 An all-out effort should be made to elimi­ jobs, that buys homes, that pays taxes, vided to the staff of the bureau of budget nate the most significant cause of human that provides community services. At a and management research in developing cancer-tobacco smoke; time when we need more jobs, it is ironic an indirect cost allocation plan for the The U.S. must develop a "worthy" land that we would consider not protecting the government of Guam. ethic; Mr. certain biological and genetic research ones we already have. Governor Ricardo Bordallo called should be banned entirely, and It would seem fitting at the start of Heimer's contributions "above and be­ The Council on Environmental Quality this new administration to reexamine yond the call of duty" and his able and should monitor and analyze the environmen­ those trade policies that directly and expert assistance invaluable. The chief tal message contained in all programming often adversely, affect the work force in executive of the territory likewise in­ and commercials on U.S. television. the United States. The case involving the _ducted Mr. Heimer into the Ancient Or- Now this is not to say that a connection shoe industry is a good place to start. der of the Chammori. of sorts cannot be made between some of The outstanding performance and ex­ these factors and the ultimate quality of the ~CIO President Meany's letter fol­ environment. But I fear that, using the same lows: pertise otfered by this Virgin Islander to logic, just as good a case might be made for AFL-CIO, his sister territory is a source of pride for the environmental undesirability of many Washington, D.C., February 14, 1977. all the citizens of the Virgin Islands. On more of the personal freedoms we long have The PRESIDENT, their behalf, I congratulate Mr. Axel H. cherished as Americans. Could not a case be The White House, Heimer and salute his professional con­ made about the negative environmental im­ washington, D.C. tribution. pact inherent in our freedom to travel where DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: The AFL-CIO urges and when we wish? How about our freedom you to save the jobs of thousands of Amer­ to make use of and enjoy the parks and other ican shoe workers by acting immediately to CENTRAL ARIZONA PROJECT wilderness areas which our taxes help to pre­ curb the flood of imported shoes now destroy­ serve and maintain? ing U.S. jobs and production. We now have the freedom to choose for On December 28, 1976, the International HON. ELDON RUDD Trade Commission unanimously concluded ourselves how best we can balance our con­ OF ARIZONA cern for the quality of the environment with that the industry had been severely injured our desire for a quality of life made possible by imports-the second finding of injury in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by adequate energy supplies and an active less than a year. And imports still pour in. Wednesday, February 23 ~ 1977 economy. Is this right in the best interest of Shoe imports have risen from over 21% of the environment? Perhaps not-but I would the U.S. market in 1968 to about 50% in Mr. RUDD. Mr. Speaker, Arizona maintain that overall, it is in the best inter­ 1977. During this period alone, about 70,000 citizens are shocked by President est of the people. jobs in the U.S. shoe industry have been Carter's sudden decision to cut funds for The environmental issue is an emotional lost. The specific job losses and plant shut­ the Central Arizona project. from the one and is certain to spawn some who will downs have affected hundreds of communi­ fiscal year 1978 Federal budget. propose, and wish they could impose, harsh ties in various parts of the nation-more and unjustifiable solutions to our environ­ than 100 in the past two years. These job This is a vital reclamation project that mental problems. To balance this, reasonable losses also affect jobs of workers in supplying has been underway since it was first au­ persons must never hesitate to speak out industries and local government workers, thorized by Congress in 1968. The CAP against unreasonable ideas for fear of being since the tax base of the community has been is 20 percent completed, and we cur­ wrongly branded as not favoring a clean destroyed. rently have invested more than $390 mil­ safe and healthful environment for us all. While the Congress is being urged to adopt lion in its development and construction. Pre£E!rvation of our environment must be a special programs to create jobs, it would be It would be economically and environ­ top priority-but not the only priority. unrealistic to ignore the 265,000 jobs in shoe -MIKE MOLONY. production and related industries now en­ mentally foolish to stop this project now, dangered. I hope that both the Carter administr'a­ Because these problems are so serious, the tion and Congress will realize that fact. SHOE IMPORTS AFL-CIO is concerned that the International Interior Secretary Cecil Andrus ap­ Trade Commission did not grant the union peared before the House Interior Com­ request for quotas on imports. That would mittee this morning to explain the Presi­ HON. JOHN H. DENT be the most effective and least expensive dent's action. I am a member of this OF PENNSYLVANIA remedy for workers, employers, consumers committee and was not impressed with and taxpayers. Instead, a majority of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Commission recommended a tariff rate quota. the inconsistencies in the administra­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 Such a quota will have no substantial effect tion's position or the way in which the without these three factors: (1) Raise that· decision to delete funding for the CAP Mr. bENT. Mr. Speaker, by April 8, tariff quota rate by 50 percentage points; (2) was reached. President Carter must start to act on permit no exceptions and ( 3) hold the -~ariff I would like to include my remarks to the recent recommendation of the InteT­ level for at least five years. Anything less Secretary Andrus during the committee national Trade Commission to impose a amounts to slow but certain death of the meeting at this point in the RECORD: tariff rate/quota system on shoe imports. industry and a substantial loss of jobs. STATEMENT OF HoN. ELDON RUDD, DURING The Commission recently concluded, by We urge you to regulate shoe imports as APPEARANCE OF INTERIOR SECRETARY CECIL D. a unanimous margin, that increased im­ soon as possible with effective actions. ANDRUS BEFORE THE HOUSE INTERIOR COM· Sincerely, MITTEE, FEBRUARY 23, 1977 ports of shoes have severely damaged the GEORGE MEANY, domestic industry, displaced workers, and President. Secretary Andrus, the Imperial Presidency threaten the remaining work force should was established at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue the imports continue unabated. when President Carter ordered a halt to the In an informative letter to President funding of the Central ·Arizona Project and RECENT ACHIEVEMENT OF AXEL H. 18 other reclamation works. Carter, ~CIO President George HEIMER OF ST. THOMAS The President says he moved in the in­ Meany has delineated the problems con­ terests of the environment and the economy. fronting the 265,000 workers in the shoe Well, people are a most important part of industry. I am including it at the end of HON. RON DE LUGO the environment of the United States. And my statement for my colleagues' infor­ OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS the economy of much of the West is de­ mation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pendent upon water collected and delivered As many of you are aware, I person­ by reclamation projects. Wednesday, February 23, 1977 I was out of Washington on a Congres­ ally do not believe that we can continue sional mission to the Panama canal when to systematically disregard the fate of Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, it is a the White House announcement was called small, labor-intensive industries in the great pleasure to share with my col­ into my office at 7:40 p.m. last Friday. To United States. Such a policy ignores the leagues the recent achievement of ana­ my knowledge, no member of the Arizona importance of the large number of jobs tive Virgin Islander. Mr. Axel H. Heimer delegation had been consulted in advance presently provided in labor-intensive in­ of St. Thomas. about the President's decision. dustries, and second, ignores the direct While assigned by the Department of Either the President had been badly mis­ dependence of hundreds of American the Interior as Acting Comptroller for informed~r his action demonstrates a callous disregard for the welfare of the people towns on manufacturing plants engaged the government of Guam and the Trust of the states affected, and ignores the .wisdom in the labor-intensive production of Territories, Mr. Heimer received a letter of prior Congresses and prior Presidents who goods. It is the payroll of the manufac­ of · recommendation from the Governor authorized these projects. · turing plant circulating in the form of of the territory in appreciation for the I aD;l saddened by the President's action. I wages in a community that provides other technical assistance and training he pro- am dismayed by his apparent lack of under- February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5143 standing of the value of recla.ma..tlon. I am diseases. But in creating the administra­ anyone tries to do something about it, incensed by the manner In which his declsion wa.s communicated. tive infrastructure of OSHA, Congress they fall back on the claim of diplomatic Was this the action of a. wise, compassion­ also created massive paperwork burdens immunity. ate, prudent President? Did he come to the for every employer in America. Embassy personnel will park their Congress with newly discovered engineering The enabling statute does state that cars in illegal zones and refuse to be re­ and economic data? Did he solicit our advice information required for the administra­ sponsible for parking violations. They to the course he proposed to take? tion of OSHA should be obtained with a will lease apartments and then refuse to No, indeed. He announced the decision with "minimum burden upon employers." pay the rent or cover any damage they all the humility and compassion of an arro­ gant emperor. However, in hearings throughout the Na­ may have done. They will be the party at The bill authorizing the Central Arizona tion, witnesses constantly complained of fault in an automobile accident yet as­ Project, which passed the Congress in 1968, what they felt were unnecessary paper­ sume no liability to the injured party. was sponsored by the Honorable Carl Hay­ work requirements of OSHA. And these special privileges apply not den, a distinguished Senator who is revered The Commission on Federal Paperwork only to a selected few. Embassy secre­ for his accomplishments foc Arizona and the recognized the need for an in-depth, but taries, cooks, chauffeurs, clerks, and nation. expedited analysis of the more pressing any other positions you can imagine are The 90th Congress authorized funds for engineering in the FY 1970 budget, and each paperwork burdens associated with the all entitled to the same protection. succeeding Congress has authOTized addi­ administration of OSHA. In 4 months, This situation is highly unjust. It is ri­ tional funds. To date, $390.4 million has been time, the Commission presented the Con­ diculous to have all these people run­ invested in the project. gress and the President just such an ning around our society like a privileged This construction is to deliver a portion of analysis, plus 26 specific recommenda­ class. That is why I am introducing leg­ Arizona's share of the Colorado River water tions for actual paperwork reductions, or islation to severely limit diplomatic to the water-short municipal, industrial, and areas of paperwork which should be immunity. agricultural users in Central Arizona. Originally thought of as a rescue operation monitored as the development and re­ My bill would exclude most of the peo­ foc agriculture, the population growth has finement of reporting requirements and ple currently protected by diplomatic changed that emphasis, with approximately various safety and health standards immunity. Cooks, chauffeurs, secretaries, 50 per cent now being allocated to municipal progress. and other staff members would be made a.nd industrial users. These recommendations include: responsible for their acts. The cut-off of funding will eliminate many Relieving employers with less than 100 Specifically, my bill restricts those eli­ jobs in Arizona. It is noteworthy that the employees of the need to keep a log of gible for diplomatic immunity to the President's press secretary has dismissed this illnesses and injuries; head of the diplomatic mission and his aspect, saying that "Most of the workers are transients." Employers subject to multiple Federal immediate family. In addition, two Does the President mean that transients agency jurisdictions should be able tore­ members of the staff with diplomatic aren't people who need jobs? Doesn't the port to a single source, which would in rank and their immediate families would President know that highly skilled construc­ turn notify Federal and State agencies also be entitled to this protection. No tion workers are required by their trade to requiring information; one else would be able to claim the privi­ move from job site to job site? You can't Eliminating recordkeeping require­ lege. stay in one place for 30 years drilling tunnels. ments which have little or no impact on My bill would bring a reasonable bal­ President Carter and his advisors-and I employee safety and health; ance to the area of diplomatic immunity. would guess you to be one of them-have Developing an onsite consultation pro­ The time for reform is long overdue. !had about four weeks to review the Central gram to assist employers in complying Arizona Project and the other projects to with substantive and administrative re­ make up their minds. Prior Congresses and quirements of OSHA; two former Presidents, after years of study The Commission recommended that: GEN. TADEUSZ KOSCIUSZKO and continued examination, all concluded that the CAP was a worthwhile investment-­ Congress should reconsider its need necessary to the welfare of Arizona. for the very complex and expensive an­ HON. RAYMOND F. LEDERER These funds are not giveaways to the nual report which OSHA must submit; states involved. They are investments-and Other recommendations include iden­ OF PENNSYLVANIA over the long-term most of the money will tification of paperwork burden areas IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be repaid to the Federal treasury. In fact, which show promise of significant paper­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 Western reclamation projects have pro­ work reductions. duced more wealth than all the gold ever Mr. LEDERER. Mr. Speaker, I insert mined in the United States. Water is the Mr. Speaker, the OSHA study has out­ lined many areas of poR.Sible paperwork into the RECORD the following remarks foundation for all that has been bullt in made by Mr. Henry J. Wyszynski, of the West. reform-reforms which can save the Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. Wyszynski is the If this projed is stopped by the Prest­ American businessma.xr., particularly the dent's action, we will lose the $390 million small businessman, millions of dollars, president of the Polish American Con­ already invested. If It is delayed, 2 million millions of man-hours, and immeasura­ gress of Southeastern Pennsylvania. people w111 face a certain serious water short­ ble frustration. I shall discuss other Com­ On February 12, 1977, Mr. Wyszynski age by the end of the next decade. attended the ceremonies in Philadelphia At a time when the West is suffering from mission study efforts in the days ahead, honoring the Revolutionary War hero, an acute water shortage, it is difficult--if including our examination of the Em­ Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko. At this cele­ not impossible-to understand the Presi­ ployment Retirement Income Security bration, Mr. 'Wyszynski delivered the fol­ dent's logic. Act, ERISA, and shall report to the lowing remarks: I can only guess that the President and House specific savings associated with his advisors took a survey of the vote count the implementation of our paperwork REMARKS BY HENRY J. WYSZYNSKI across the United States, and have deter­ reductions recommended for OSHA and Thirty-three ye·ars ago at a Constitutional mined that tlhose states like Arizona that Assembly held in the City of Buffalo, New did not support him must now be penalized other programs. York, individual delegates from more than for their political views. thirty states representing the religious, pro­ fessional, veteran, social and civic groups of Amerioons of Polish heritage met to o·rganize LEGISLATION TO LIMIT a national umbrella organization to concern CUT REDTAPE AND PAPERWORK DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY itself with the welfare of over eleven million Polish Americans throughout the United States. HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK In the following year, the Southe·astern HON. TOM STEED OF OHIO Pennsylvania state division, comprised of over OF OKLAHOMA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 250,000 Polish Americans in the metropolitan IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES area of Philadelphia, Berks, Bucks, Delaware Wednesday, February 23, 1977 and Montgomery counties came into exist­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, one of ence. Mr. STEED.l\fr. Speaker, Congress en­ the most abused areas of our law is that As a national body, the Polish American acted the Occupationat' Safety and Congress devotes its energies to matters per­ providing for diplomatic immupity. taining to the people of Poland, informing the Health Act in. 1970 to protect American Many foreign diplomats and their staffs ·American public of Poland's historic role, workers from occupational accidents and violate our laws with immunity. Then if her aims, needs and her rights to independ- 5144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2.3 , 1977 ence. We have encouraged cooperation of proper form for employee withholding I am honored to have been invited to ad­ America's democracy supporting the freedom had not been filed. dress you at the first annual meeting of the loving people in Poland in the fields of civic, The IRS informed the center that be­ National Association of Independent Col­ social, ideological and economic life. leges and Universities. As one who has a On the domestic front, we have concerned cause of a lack of the proper forms, the special concern for private higher education ourselves with the improvement of the wel­ center had been wrongfully withholding and who has for over eighteen years sat on fare of Americans of Polish heritage, with the FICA tax. The IRS told the center to the committee in the House of Representa­ emphasis on the socio-economic problems reimburse the employees for FICA taxes tives with responsibutty for higher educa­ of our neighborhoods, providing better job withheld and that the IRS would reim­ tion, I applaud the formation of your as­ opportunities and to prevent discrimination burse the center. sociation and am confident that it wm add against our people. As a result of our activi­ a new dimension to the shaping of Federal The Jefferson County Mental Health policy in this field. You are clearly off to a ties, increasingly qualified representation of Center reimbursed 133 employees for a the Polonia is being selected for high city, running start by the selection of Steve Mul­ state and federal offices. total of $74,128. Shortly thereafter, the ler, my valued friend of over 25 years and Today we gather in this historic area of IRS informed the center that proper an outstanding leader in American educa­ the early colonies to pay tribute to a great forms had been originally filed and had tion, as the first Chairman of your Board of American hero, Tadeusz Kosciuszko. He ar­ now been located. COnsequently, the IRS Directors, and John Phillips, an experienced and effective advocate, as your Associat ion rived here in the city of Philadelphia, the said it would not reimburse the center President. Cradle of Liberty, in the summer of 1776 as for money it had already returned to I should like today to share some thoughts the first foreign volunteer to offer his out­ employees. standing military engineering expertise and with you on what I perceive to be some By this time, it was too late to get the major trends in postsecondary education; to serve in the Colonial Armies under Gen­ money back from the employees, who eral George Washington, during the struggle suggest the issues these trends pose, particu­ had spent the money or were no longer larly for independant colleges and univer­ for American freedom. That he was a resi­ sities, comment on the likely responses to dent of our great city was acknowledged by employed by the center. the United States government in the dedica­ The IRS cannot remedy this unfor­ them from the Federal government; and then tion of the Kosciuszko House at 301 Pine tunate mistake because it does not have make bold to suggest what your role can be. Street as a national memorial in 1977. the authority to expend funds without a TRENDS IN POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION NEW Now two hundred years later it is most legal obligation to do so or a statutory DEMANDS befitting that we, as Americans, proudly authorization. This bill provides that the One of the most obvious trends affecting honor the memory of General Tadeusz Kos­ Secretary of the Treasury determine the higher education, and, indeed, education at ciuszko, on this the 12th day of February, all levels, is the escalation in the demands 1977, the 23lst birthday of this American amounts withheld and treat these being placed on educational institutions and Revolutionary \far hero, with these wreath amounts as tax overpayments which are educators. As a nation we have heaped on ls.ying ceremonies sponsored by the Polish then reimbursable to the center. education the responsibi11ty for solving many American Congress of Southeastern Penn­ A companion bill had been introduced of our most intractable social problems and sylvania. in the Senate by my colleague, Senator our most virulent social pathologies. On the occasion of these ceremonies, as HAsKELL. I hope this matter can be en­ We expect education to cure the effects of we open the third century of these United acted upon quickly to remedy the situa­ centuries of slavery, segregation and racism. States in the shadow of the Liberty Bell and tion for all concerned. We expect education to create a new and Independence Hall, it is also proper that equal role for women in our society. We ex­ we, the newly elected officers of our state pect education to integrate the handicapped division, formally inducted in your presence, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND into the mainstream of American life. We reaffirm ourselvs to promulgate the original HIGHER EDUCATION expect education to turn out people with the aims and purposes of our organization and life skills to cope with the complexities of carry on the traditions set out by the or­ an industrial society. We expect education to ganizers of the Polish American Congress. HON. WILLIAM D. FORD train people to find jobs and make a con­ tribution to the economy. We expect educa­ With the help and assistance of our member OF MICHIGAN organizations and the cooperation of our tion to produce both good citizens and sen­ federal, state and local governments we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sitive human beings. We expect education to pledge you this rededication, so help us God. Wednesday, February 23, 1977 help solve the problems of drug abuse, poor nutrition habits, inadequate consumer in­ Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, formation, environmental abuse, and th• on February 11, our distinguished ma­ breakdown of the family. THE JEFFERSON COUNTY MENTAL jority whip, Mr. BRADEMAS, addressed the You and I know that many of our social HEALTH CENTER RELIEF ACT National Association of Independent Col­ institutions are in a state of fiux and un­ leges and Universities, NAICU, at its first certainty, that the family, the neighborhood and the churches have all lost their tradi­ annual meeting in New Orleans, La. tional hold on individuals. But we seem to HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH This organization is comprised of over think that our educational institutions OF COLORADO 600 institutes of postsecondary education must-and can-take over many of the func­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and includes on its secretariat the chief tions of these changing institutions. executive officers of 18 national post­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY secondary education associations. One important facet of these new demands Mr. WIRTH. Mr. Speaker, I am intro­ The membership was, indeed, fortu­ on education is the opening of opportuni­ ducing today a bill for the relief of the nate to hear an excellent speech entitled ties to groups that have heretofore either Jefferson County Mental Health Center. "The Federal Government and Higher been excluded from or not enjoyed the full Located in Lakewood, Colo., the center Education" by my good friend and col­ benefits of our educational system. Minori­ provides mental health services for a tri­ league, Mr. BRADEMAS, who has served on ties, women, the handicapped, older Ameri­ county area. Unfortunately, the center the Committee on Education and Labor cans and adults generally are demanding that has suffered a series of administrative for almost two decades. During this time, education be available to the.IJl and respon­ misunderstandings with the Internal he has developed a national reputation sive to their needs. The assumption that a student in higher education ~s someone be­ Revenue Service that can only be reme­ for being one of the most well-informed, tween the ages of 18 and 22 attending a died through legislation. articulate, and effective education­ four-year college full time does not fit the The problem developed over the pay­ oriented legislators in this body. fV. The typical student is no longer ment of social security taxes by the cen­ At this point, I would like to insert into young, full-time, just out of high school, a ter. The Jefferson County Mental Health the RECORD the text of this address for stranger to the world of work, necessarily Center, a nonprofit organization, is ex­ the benefit of my colleagues . . seeking either a set of skills or an educa­ empt from employee participation in the THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND HIGHER tional credential. And he is no longer over­ social security program. However, em­ EDUCATION whelmingly "he." ployees at the center elected to partici­ (An address by Congressman JoHN BRADEMAS, QUALITY EDUCATION pate in the program. Chairman, Select Education Subcommit­ Another dimension of the new demands tee, Committee on Education and Labor, on higher education is the renewed em­ Proper forms were filed with the ms and Majority Whip, U.S. House of Rep­ phasis on and commitment to quality edu­ and FICA taxes were deducted and paid resentatives, &t the ~nnual Meeting, Na­ cation~ For example, as the Chronicle of beginning in 1963. However, in the tional Association of Independent Colleges Higher Education reported this week: "Col­ course of an ms review of the center, it and Universities, February 11, 1977, New leges and universities across the country­ was discovered by the ms that the Orleans, La.) from Stanford and Harvard Universities to February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5145 Marist College in Poughkeepsie, New York­ ficult problems and being all things to all FEDERAL ROLE AND INDEPENDENT HIGHER are reappraising their undergraduate cur­ people. EDUCATION ricular" A major thrust of this reappraisal STATE ROLE Now let me assert, on the basis of my years is a strengthening of the liberal arts. A final trend of potential significance to of experience as a legislator, that ~ere is a As you may know, an intensive review of higher education is the new vigor of the consensus in Congress that it is important the undergraduate program is underway at states. Statewide planning for postsecondary to the nation that the Federal government Harvard College. "The basic problem" writes education and the rapid growth in state pro­ provide support to higher education, both Dean !ienry Rosovsky, "is that our students grams of need-based student aid are only publd.c and independent. And, therefore, I arrive unevenly--sometimes inadequately­ two manifestations of a larger role for the believe, there is a Federal responsib111ty to prepared; the variation in their intellectual states encouraged by Federal policy. help alleviate the three threats to the in­ training is significant. I am not at all dis- All these trends I have enumerated are dependent sector of higher education which -turbed by this fact," he continues. "To me shaping the world within which, it seems to I have identified-fiscal instab111ty, social it is an inevitable consequence of our open­ me, independent higher education will live il:solation and loss of independence. ness to a large and heterogeneous society. for at least the foreseeable future. It is an APPROPRIATIONS But we should be disturbed if some of our environment both sobering and challenging students graduate with an inadequate edu­ and one that, in my view, poses three threats The 95th Congress will consider measures cation. To ensure that this does not happen, or dangers to independent higher education. on three fronts which can diminish each of we first need to define a set of standards these threats. First, appropriations. The Ford DANGERS TO INDEPENDENT HIGHER EDUCATION budget recommendations for higher educa­ for undergraduate instruction." The new demands on higher education, And Dean Rosovsky goes on to describe tion programs for the FY 77 supplemental the concern to improve its quality, the cost appropriation and for FY 78 have been sent the process whereby members of the Harvard burden of satisfying mandates for account­ community are seeking to define those to Congress. They are, of course, inadequate, ability, the lack of adequate funds-all these indeed dn light of the needs of higher educa­ standards. developments can threaten the continued tion, scandalous. But the movement to improve the quality viability or, at least, vigor of some of our Within the next week the Carter Admin­ of higher education extends beyond revitaliz­ independent colleges and universities. ing the core content of the liberal arts cur­ istration will be forwarding to Congress its riculum. It also includes a new emphasis on FISCAL INSTABILITY recommended changes in the FOTd budgets. providing students with vocational sk1lls, Many independent institutions exist on a I hope that the new Administration will however broadly or narrowly they are defined. thin margin between the black and the red. demonstrate greater responsiveness to the This concern is reflected in the renewed in­ A new round of inflation, cutbacks in gov­ needs of our dnstitutions of higher education terest in postsecondary vocational educa­ ernment funds, enrollment declines or even and of our students by advocating more tion, career education and competency-based an unusually hard winter could tip at least money for student aid, research, and some education. some private institutions into a sea of red ink of the categorical programs that have too Now I am fully aware of the intense and from which they might not emerge. long been unfunded or underfunded. Ade­ healthy debate in higher education concern­ It must be noted that the widespread shut­ quate funds for existing Federal higher edu· ing the proper balance in defining educa­ downs of independent colleges which were cation programs, student aid in particular, tional goals between liberation of the intel­ frequently predicted in the late 60s and first can make an important contribution not lect and provision of job skills. In his re­ few years of the 70s have not occurred. In­ only to providing students with hdgher edu­ oent annual report, President Muller of deed, these warnings began to be perceived cational choice ·but also to stab111zing the Johns Hopkins made a powerful case for like cries of "wolf" and when the dire predic­ financial condition of the independent sector. stressing the"value of learning for its own tions did not come true, the credibility of REGULATORY REFORM sake." He is right, for if students leave the independent higher education among policy Second, after substantial prodding from university with highly marketable skills but makers was damaged. Congress, the last Administration finally few qualities of mind or spirit, higher educa­ But I believe that most of us now realize initiated et!orts at simplification and ra­ tion wlll have failed. It is equally clear that that private higher education is faced not so tionalization of Federal rergulations affect­ if students graduate as refined, cultured and much with a sudden cataclysm, a violent ing education. I am confident that these ef­ enlightened human beings yet 111-prepa.red death by the guillotine. Rather the danger is forts will continue. Secretary of Health, to earn their way in twentieth century Amer­ a gradual erosion of the quality and unique­ Education, and Welfare Califano has prom­ ica, higher education will also have been ness of independent institutions, a sapping ised to review all existing regulations within found wanting. of their vitality by slow starvation. Probably the next few months. Regulatory reform, a ACCOUNTABILITY only very few independent institutions will subject which President Carter arso ad­ be forced to close their doors, but some col­ dressed in his first "fireside chat", is, accord­ The renaissance of commitments to edu­ leges and universities that remain open may cational quality goes hand in hand with a ing to Secretary Califano, a "front burner" be only shells of what they once were or item. rising insistence on accountability. Our col­ could be. leges and universities are being called to I find it hard to argue against the intend­ account for their prudent and et!ectiveness SOCIAL ISOLATION ed objectives of the Federal regulations and in expending public monies. The institutions The second danger to independent higher the legislation which they seek to imple· are being asked to justify to students and education is closely related to the first. If ment. There is, for example, a clear moral their parents their investment of time, private colleges and univ~rsities have no imperative that Federal funds not be used energy and money. choice but increasingly to raise their tuition in ways that discriminate 8/gainst women charges in order to remain solvent and if the FISCAL STRINGENCY and minorities, and as an elected official I tuition gap between the publics and the pri­ will vigorously resist any attempt to turn Still another trend with which everyone vates continues to grow, private colleges and in this room is familiar is the increasingly the clock back on our national commitment universities may become the exclusive pre­ to equal opportunity. stringent financial environment within serve of the affluent. The independent sector which higher education exists. The halcyon would continue to exist but it would no But there are additional steps that can be days of the '60s are long behind lis. There is longer be able to make its unique contribu­ taken, other than those already underway instead a go-slow climate. That federal and tion to American education-providing stu­ in HEW, to minimize what a number of in­ state education appropriations, private giv­ dents from all circumstances both with a stitutions of higher education perceive to ing, tuition increases and endowment earn­ choice of higher education in diverse settings be the threat to their financial health and ings are all at best only keeping pace with and a variety of educational, philosophical independence posed by Federal regulations. I the rate of inflation is a reality . of which and religious orientations. expect that the House Subcommittee on you scarcely need to be reminded. Postsecondary Education, which is now REGULATORY BURDEN chaired by Congressman William D. Ford PUBLIC SKEPTICISM There is yet a third threat of which I of Michigan, an exceptionally able and ef­ Together with the belt tightening in want to speak. The web of Federal regula­ fective legislator, will continue vigorous higher education-perhaps, some say a cause tions dealing wd.th subjects like affirmative oversight of the regulatory process. of it--is the loss of faith in education. Where action, elimination of age and sex discrimi­ It sems to me that coping with the burden supporters of education once needed only nation, pension reform, equal pay, non-dis­ to express their needs to receive sympathetic of contradictory and duplicative require­ crimination toward the handicapped, clean ments might be made easie-r by more clearly attention, education is now the stepchild adr, privacy and occupa.tiona4 health and whose requests are greeted with skepticism. safety can absorb not only the administra­ focusing responsibility within the execu­ The halo surrounding education has in tive energies and financial resources of in­ tive branch for the regulwtions. If it is made part been dimmed by the crisis of confidence dependent colleges and universities, but clear that passing the buck or pointing a in all our institutions, including Congress. these regulations a.lso--at least in the eyes finger at a neighboring agency is no longer The new questioning is also a reflection of of some critics, many of them here in New acceptable, it may be easier to iron out some the swiftness with which we criticize our Orleans todayl-threaten in aggregate to of the problems. President Carter's directive educational system when it has not achieved erode the independence that characterdzes thwt all future regulations must be signed the impossible task of solving our most dif- these institutions. by the person who writes them should help 5146 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 in assuring the accountability ::>f the ap­ factions within the independent sector. Of higher education, all of higher educa'tion, the propriate Federal officials. course, I realize that it is not helpful to paper nation, will be the richer for your efforts. LEGISLATION over differences to achieve an unreal com­ mon front. Genuine and frank differences The third front on which action is pos­ of opinion should be aired. But I would sible is new legislation. hope that you will not dissipate your ener­ I must candidly report to you that the 95th THE 130TH ANNIVERSARY O'F gies in an internecine guerrilla war in higher THOMAS EDISON Congress is unlikely to undertake major leg­ education. More equitable and balanced islative initiatives for higher education. The Federal policies to aid independent higher Education Amendments of 1976 were only education need not be attained at the ex­ signed into law on October 12 of last year. HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH pense of others. All of higher education can OF NEW JERSEY This law extends most of the Federal pro­ and should benefit from Federal legislation. grams for higher education into the 96th Your attention ought to be devoted to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress, 1979-80. The education authorizing difficult and practical questions of shaping Wednesday, February 23, 1977 committees, particularly the single Educa­ such legislation. tion Subcommittee of the Senate, will be Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, earlier this preoccupied in this Congress with the Ele­ POLICY RESEARCH month, the Washington Post commemo­ mentary and Secondary Education Act, which Frequently in recent years I have criticized rated the 130th anniversary of the birth is expiring. Lacking a mandate for action the higher education community for its fail­ provided by the expiration of the Higher ure to provide policy makers with thoug"tt­ of Thomas Alva Edison with a story cen­ Education Act and with a new Administra­ ful, reasoned analyses to enable us to deal tering on a former employee's reflections tion, which wants to go slow on major new intelligently with the issues facing higher on the great inventor. Mr. Edison, who program initiatives, this is not likely to be the education. In the case of the Education spent the last 60 years of his life in New Congress that addresses so fundamental an Amendments of 1972, legislation aimed at Jersey, developed many of his most il­ issue as that of providing more support for helping colleges, universities and students, lustrious ideas in the Garden State. independent higher education. Rather the higher education contributed almost nothing In order to provide my colleagues and 95th Congress will be the one that tries to and much of the pick and shovel research constituents with added insight to obtain enough funds effectively to implement as well as the politics had to be performed Thomas Edison, the man, I submit the programs already on the statute books and within Congress. The situation has improved Post story for insertion in the CONGRES­ that seeks as well to stimulate reforms in somewhat since 1972, and i~-: the considera­ administrative practices that will achieve tion of the Education Amendments of 1976 SIONAL RECORD: greatei' program effectiveness. · we received some most helpful data and [From the Washington Post, Feb. 11, 1977] This is not, of course, to say that we need analyses from, among others, ACE, COFHE ARLINGTON MAN RECALLS GENIUS INVENTOR no new legislation. There is an unfinished and the state loan guarantee agencies. EDISON legislative agenda, and one issue on it that As Larry Gladieux notes in a forthcoming article in Change magazine: (By Lynn Darling) must be addressed is what many have referred Sitting in his small Crystal City office lined to as "the tuition gap." "The past four years have brought sub­ stantial change to the associations.... New with fading photographs, Geocge E. String­ As a Member of Congress who represents fellow is miles and years away from West the University of Notre Dame, St. Mary's attitudes and new sensitivity are reflected in higher education's relations with Capitol Hill. Orange, N.J., where he worked for Thomas College (Notre Dame), and Bethel and Alva Edison during the last eight years of the Goshen Colleges, I can tell you that I am Efforts have been made to generate better data to meet the needs of policy-makers. inventor's life. very much aware of the competitive disad­ The "old ma.n,'' as his 85-yea.r-old former vantage under which many independent in­ 'One Dupont Circle', home of most of the major higher education associations, is the associate calls him, died in 1931, and today stitutions labor. marks the 130th anniver·sary of Edison's On the other hand, of course, as the Mem­ locus of much new 'policy research.' " Your own survey of your members' atti­ birth. But the years roll back easily for ber of Congress who represents Indiana Uni­ tudes about Federal policy and the analysis Stringfellow as he recounts the carefully versity at South Bend, Purdue's Westville. of the results represent another good ex­ stored stock of anecdotes in the hopes that campus and many students who attt=:nd other ample of the kinds of information we need. his stories "will inspire future Edisons." institutions in the Indiana state university I hope that we can look forward to more of Glimmers of the man who disdained the system, I can tell you that many American such efforts, and that we can come to expect title of scientist and called himself a "com­ families are struggling even to find the money timely and relevant policy analyses to en­ mercial inventor" show through as String­ to send their children to the most inexpensive lighten us in our legislative efforts. fellow, dressed in a blue suit with the dia­ public institutions. mond pin that identifies him as a past im­ As many of you know, there was discussion INVOLVEMENT IN FEDERAL POLICY MAKING peri.al potentate of the Shriners, recalled the in the last Congress by some of us on the The approprations process for FY 77 and first da..y he met Edison in 1922. Education and Labor Committee of ways in FY 78 has already begun. The preliminary Although Stringfellow had worked in which Federal student aid programs might regulations to implement the Education Washington as the manager of the district be redesigned in order to achieve a better Amendments of 1976 are scheduled to be office of Thomas Edison, Inc., since 1918, he balance between the goals of student access published for public comment in mid-Febru­ had yet to meet Edison when a call ca.me to and choice. ary. You should be actively involved in these report to headquarters in West Orange. "I'd Now this, of course, was a very difficult processes, particularly with respect to the never seen Edison," Stringfellow said. "He problem for under certain circumstances the regulation vv-riting. If your voice is not heard was just a na.Ille to me." needs of public and independent institutions you will be lumped in with kindergartens or When he did meet the inventor of t he in­ could be perceived-wrongly, think-to be in steel mills, and it will be in large measure candescent electric light, Stringfellow re­ conflict. your own fault. I would also advise you not called, he saw a 73-year-old man "who hadn't As you also know, we did not arrive at a to overlook the new Congressional budget shaved in several days, wearing an acid-eaten solution to the problem. But a Federal stu­ process, which is taking an increasing im­ duster an.d looking at me with those bright dent aid policy that will more adequately portance in setting spending priorities. blue eyes of his." The inventor of a thou­ meet both the needs of all students' and the Finally, and more generally, I have per­ sand modern day necessities "took a squint needs of the variety of kinds of institutions ceived a backing away from the political at me," Stringfellow said, "and I stood at at­ remains on the congressional agenda. It cer­ process by many in higher education. There tention." It was then that Edison offered him tainly remains on my agenda. seems to be a fallout shelter mentality; "All the job of general sales manager of the I hope that even as Congress considers the Federal government can do is hurt us, storage-battery division. so let's head for the bunkers." Inevita..bly, "I told him I wasn't sure I wanted the po­ the future of the Elementary and Second­ the Federal government is going to act in sition,'' Stringfellow said. "I said to him, ary Education Act, which as I have sald, ways that affect you, so you must therefore 'Mr. Edison, you fire men· quite frequently this Congress must, we shall also during the be invoved for self-protection if for no other and at my age (28 at the time) I can't af­ next two years put our time to good use in reason. ford to say that I'd been fired by Mr. Edi­ laying the groundwork for major improve­ But I believe, too, that the Federal govern­ son.'" ments in Federal student aid pollcy when ment can be a creative instrument for help­ Stringfellow thought it over tbat evening, the Higher Education Act next expires. ing address your needs and problems. It is, however, and the next morning, having re­ THE ROLE OF THE INDEPENDENT INSTITUTIONS after all, your First Amendment right tope­ ceived assurances of relative job security, he IN FEDERAL POLICY MAKING tition your government for the "redress of took the position. He remained with Edi­ Constructive dialogue grievances!' Beyond that you have an obll­ son, Inc., for 38 years, he said, rising to Let me conclude these remarks by offer­ gation to participate as leaders of a vital executive vice president. ing you some unsollcited advice and admoni­ sector of American higher education. Although Stringfellow remembers Edison tion. There has, in my view, been too much I hope that you of the National Associa­ as having little interest 1n the financial unproductive sniping and wrangling between tion of Independent Colleges and Universities end of his enterprises, a scrapbook filled with the public and the independent sectors of will vigorously and effectively exercise your yellowing, handwritten memoranda from the higher education and even among different right and your obligation. Independent inventor himself testifies to a man who did February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5147 not keep his mind solely on test tubes and down, schools closed and jobs lost. Unless pressed, tinted and scented to resemble ham, ind uctlon coils. we are prepared to face a dark future, we can be foisted on the consumer as turkey­ " Stringfellow," reads one of the memos urgently need to develop new oil and gas ham when it contains not one morsel ot from 1924, "I have not been under any de­ ham," says Findley. lusions as to our sales force. Every sales reserves to meet our energy needs. "The wary homemaker would never think manager we have has been a mental moron I find it incredible that. at the same of buying a pig in a poke, but what is she and I have kicked for years, I am glad time we are suffering an energy crisis, to do when Washington says it's legal for you are changing and letting go the dead American companies are selling oil and purveyors to wrap porkless turkey and label beats and are forming a well organized gas production technology and equipment it ham? I think many homemakers seeing sales force." to the Soviet Union. Yet, according to the an item labeled turkey-ham will assume it's Another memo followed quickly when February 3, Washington Star, this is ex­ a combinat ion of turkey and ham," Findley Stringfellow made a decision without con­ actly the case. explains. sulting Edison on a now unremembered mat­ What does it mean to hog farmers? "Ham ter. "Stri.Ilglfellow," reads the hastily Armco Steel Corp. has announced that 1S more costly than turkey and the consumer scrawled note, ."I suggest that as I have it will be providing the Soviets with off­ has a free choice between these items at the ·about $20 million worth of past experience shore oil and gas production technology. meat counter." that a proposal be put to me that has been In addition, the $30 million agreement What's the alternative? Findley believes suggested to ascertain if I know any rea­ also involves technology and equipment both the turkey and pork industries would son why it shouldn't work, Edison." from the Rucker Co. of Oakland, Calif., be better off with truthful labeling. If the Stringfellow knew a hint when he saw turkey people have a good product, it could one. At the bottom of the note there ap­ and Stewart and Stevenson Oiltools Inc. be called imitation ham or ham-flavored pears this appendage, followed by Edison's of Houston, Tex. turkey. "Frankly, I like pressed turkey. I just initials: "This is a good idea, and will be It simply does not make sense for us to believe in truth in labeling," Findley con~ done in the future." be aiding Soviet oil and gas production eludes. "This ruling that AMS has approved The bright young assistant is now an old when the United States is in such des­ really doesn't meet that standard." Farm man himself, and earnestly he spins his perate need. It is time to start putting Futures agrees. stories from the comfort of his office in an American interests first. elegant 11th floor apartment in Arlington. There are tales of a practical joke played on Following is the article from the Feb­ the inventor when he was working around ruary 3, Washington Star: SELLING SOVIETS OIL TECHNOLOGY MOOD MUSIC FOR KOREA PROBE: the clock inventing the phonograph. A THE CLANG OF JAILHOUSE DOORS breakfast of ham and eggs was ordered HousToN.-Armco Steel Corp. yesterday an­ around 3 a .m., but the inventor fell asleep nounced agreement to provide t h e Soviet before it arrived. His associates, Stringfel­ Union wirth offshore oil and gas production low said, substituted a dirty but empty plate technology through a subsidiary, Armco In­ HON. RICHARD KELLY for the full one in front of him. When ternational Inc. OF FLORIDA Edison awoke, Stringfellow recalled, Edison Harry Holliday, Armco president, said the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES looked at the plate, rubbed his stomach, and $30 milUon, multi-year agreement also in­ said, "All right, boys, let's go to work." volves technology and equipment from The Wednesday, February 23, 1977 In 1928, toward the end of Edison's life, Rucker Co., Oakland, Calif., and Stewart & Mr. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, the Ameri­ Stringfellow recalled, he asked the inventor Stevenson Oil tools Inc. of Houston. can people are wise to the ways of Con­ to write an article for the company's news­ Holl1day said Armco and the other com­ letter. "I'm feeling so bad that my ~nd panies would help the Soviet Union modify gress and to all the congressional varia­ refuses to function," came Edison's written a manufacturing facility at Volgograd to fa­ tions of the shell game. reply. "Write what you think it should say cilitate production of submersible equipment They are tired of investigations with­ and send it over." needed for offshore oil and gas work. out prosecutions. Stringfellow realized then, he said that They know that ceaseless, well-fi­ it was "time to extract everything I could nanced investigations by Congress often from his mind" for use after Edison died. are designed as much to further politi­ Every Saturday, he said he sent Edison a TURKEY HAM RECEIVES RUSTY list of questions to answer for use in future cal careers as they are to shed light, or emergencies when the inventor wouldn't be NAIL AWARD to call the guilty to answer. there to answer them in person. That is the way the game is played. One of the questions Stringfellow asked But the alleged attempts by the Re­ Edison was to "describe the effects upon HON. PAUL FINDLEY public of Korea to seduce, buy, and other­ the life of the Edison cell (battery) due to OF ILLINOIS wise influence Members of Congress, in the presence of the following impurities." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES discharge of their official duties, are se­ About 40 elements are listed on the sheet rious matters, which may involve the se­ still in Stringfellow's possession. The only Wednesday, February 23, 1977 curity of the Nation. This Congress one to receive the clipped answer of "Don't Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, it is a should investigate. know" was zirconium. However, the American people also The answers proved invaluable, Stringfel­ shame that the U.S. Department of Agri­ low recalled six years after Edison death. culture has put itself in a position to know that the way to identify a sincere In 1937, the company received a shipment of receive Farm Futures' first "Rusty Nail effort to clean up any mess is by the iron ore that contained a quantity of nickel Award." The Department achieved this sounds of a judge's gavel banging courts for use in storage batteries. Stringfellow ignominy by allowing a turkey product to order, and by the clanging of jail­ went to the vault where he kept the ques­ disguised as ham to be sold to the public house doors. tionnaires and there was the answer: Nickel as "turkey ham." In the hope that Agri­ What we do in Congress should in no would cause no harm. If it had, the plant would have had to close temporarily. culture Department officials will correct way impede, delay, or replace enforce­ this example of untruthful labeling and ment of the law. take care that future labeling decisions I have today introduced a joint reso­ which confuse consumers be avoided, I lution calling for immediate and concur­ am placing the article in the CoNGRES· rent investigation of the alleged activi­ WHY HELP BUILD SOVIET OIL AND SIONAL RECORD: ties of the Government of the Republic GAS PRODUCTION? THE RUSTY NAIL AWARD: To USDA FOR CoN­ of Korea, as designed to influence Mem­ FUSING CONSUMERS ABOUT TuRKEY AND bers of Congress, by the U.S. Department HAM of Justice and the Federal Bureau of In­ Farmfutures awards its first "Rusty Nail" vestigation. It directs the prosecution of HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK to the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) OF OHIO any past or present Member of Congress of USDA for a recent ruling on meat labeling. who should be called to account. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And our congratul81tions to Congressman Paul Findley of Illinois, a ranking member of the If we proceed on two fronts, the Amer­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 House Committee on Agriculture, for smoking ican people can be assured they will be Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the them out. informed and that those guilty of violat· United States is in the midst of a severe "The Department of Agriculture has ruled ing their trust will be prosecuted rather energy crisis. Factories have been shut that a concoction of pure turkey, which is than merely exposed. 5148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 INCENTIVES FOR NATURAL GAS eral Power Commission at the time contracts Structure of the U.S. Petroleum Industry, WITHHOLDING? were signed. These contract prices vary from Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, $.20/mcf for gas sold under old contracts to U.S. Senate (1976); Energy Industry Investi­ $1.44/mcf for gas sold under the rate for gation, Part !-Joint Ventures, Committee "new" gas set by the FPC in 1976; the aver­ on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representa­ HON. MORRIS K. UDALL age price of interst&te sales today is about tives (1976)). In addition to o·vert partner­ OF ARIZONA $.50/mcf. If the gas producers presently sell­ ships, the boards of directors of the energy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing in the regulated interstate market could companies interlock indirectly, but exten­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 eliminate federal regulation, they could sell sively, through the intermediary boards of their gas at the price equivalent of substi­ directors of major banks and other non­ Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, I would like tute oil products which would be $2.90/ mcf energy corporations. (See, Keeler and Fritsch, to share with my colleagues a letter sent at today's OPEC-influenced price of $.42/ gal­ A Citizen's Oil Factbook, Center for Science to Attorney General Bell by Ralph Nader, lon of middle distillate oil. If the eleven in the Public Interest ( 1975)). trillion cubic feet of gas presently sold an­ Given FPC's and Interior's unwillingness Mark Green, and Gary DeLoss, in which nually under regulated prices were immedi­ to compel production and delivery of gas and these three gentlemen express concern ately deregulated and allowed to sell for the anticompetitive structure of this indus­ about our recent natural gas emergency. $2.90/mcf rather than the current average try, the opportunity to withhold natural gas An analysis of the energy issues de­ price of $.50/mcf, the gas producers would seems clear. bated on this floor shows that almost all receive over $26 billion more income annually C. Means-The uniquely anticompetitive the problems we face are exacerbated for the same sales. Even the proposals to partnership arrangements in the oil and gas by the lack of competition in the petro­ phase in deregulation gradually mean 1m­ industry not only remove the threat of com­ leum industry. As an old-fashioned ad­ mediate gains of billions of dollars per year petitive disadvantage that might discourage and merely postpone the larger benefits of withholding, they also provide multiple vocate of the free market system, I sup­ total deregulation. means for illegal collusive withholding of gas port all efforts-in the Congress, the There is also the effect of deregulation on supplies. When partners · make joint deci­ executive, the judiciary, and by the pub­ the prices of presently unregulated sales of sions on lease bidding, exploration, develop­ lic-to increase competition in our eco­ gas in intrastate markets. If deregulation ment rates, production rates, and pipeline nomic system, particularly in the mighty occurs on the interstate market, gas hungry construction schedules, they can easily choose petroleum sector. customers in the major consuming states will to delay delivery of gas to the market under It should also be remembered when bid up the price of gas presently sold only on the guise of ordinary business decisions. For the intrastate markets to the price equivalent the more sophisticated conspirators, there is considering questions of energy supplies of oil fuel substitutes, the $2.90/ mcf de­ a "phases of the moon" device (see the elec­ that we are dependent upon the oil and scribed above. The average price of intra­ trical machinery bid-rigging of the early gas industries to provide with much of state gas varies from state to state and exact 1960s), and for the less sophisticated, there the data we require to set energy policy­ statistics are unavailable, but gas sales at is always the telephone. and they often have an incentive to prices up to $2.00/mcf a-re pulling the aver­ D. Circumstantial evidence-Rather than underestimate reserves and overestimate age price upward rapidly toward the $1.50 listing thP. large body of evidence already in future demand. mark. If the nine trillion cubic feet of gas the public domain, we are attaching the rele­ CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY sold annually in intrastate markets were to vant section of the report of Chairman John RESEARCH GRouP, rise in price from an average of $1.50/mcf Moss' House Subcommittee on Oversight and Washington, D.C. February 9,1977. to $2.90/mcf, gas producers would receive Investigations ("Questions And Answers Hon. GRIFFIN BELL, $13 billion more income for the same sales. About The Nature And Cause Of The Natural Attorney General of the United States, Jus­ The withholding of natural gas, therefore, Gas Shortage," pp. 3-13). It demonstrates, in tice Department, Washington, D.C. could ultimately produce a $39 billion annual our view, a level of suspicious activity that DEAR ATTORNEY GENERAL: We have all return to natural gas firms-which can be a justifies a thorough study. heard that there exists a serious natural gas sufficient motive for lawbreaking by those Taken together, there is sufficient motive, shortage, but no one in the federal govern­ businesspersons who can resist anything ex­ opportunity, means, and circumstantial evi­ ment seems able to say why. Other than the cept temptation. dence to establish the possib111ty of a sig­ severity of an unexpectedly cold winter, there B. Opportunity-In theory, there are three nifica,.nt antitrust violation, and hence to in­ are two possible causes. The integrated, inter­ forces that could prevent gas producers from voke a Justice Department investigation, energy natural gas firms claim that federal illegally withholding supply: gove'l'nment reg­ focusing primarily on the probab111ty of anti­ wellhead rate regulation has kept the price ulation, opportunity costs, and competition. competitive collusion inherent in the web of down, and with it their incentive to market In practice, all three are too weak to pre­ partnerships among ostensible competitors natural gas interstate. Critics claim that sent a barrier to withholding of gas. in the gas industry. An antitrust investiga­ natural gas companies are withholding avail­ Government regulation. The Department tion is in no way precluded by the Interior able supplies in order to increase the pres­ of Interior has refused to use the leasing Department's investigation of possible viola­ sure for deregulation and harvest the con­ system for gas production on federal lands tions of its leasing regulations, any more sequently higher prices. If such withholding to require expedited production. The Federal than treating a symptom of an illness pre­ were done by each firm separately and inde­ Power Commission has refused to require cludes efforts to identify and attack the un­ pendently, the companies could be accused gas producers to deliver gas in the quantities derlying disease. Moreover, the fact that the of avarice (and perhaps violation of the they have contracted with pipelines to political power of the energy industry has federal leasing laws) , but not an anti trust deliver. preserved these partnerships from antitrust violation. But if any withholding were jointly Opportunity costs. A study by the Library actions in the past does not disprove their agreed on-either due to specific agreement of Congress calculates that gas producers anticompetitive consequences. Charges and (United States v. Socony Vacuum, 310 U.S. could profitably withhold supply in antici­ public suspicion will continue until the Jus­ 150 (1940)) or indirect consensus (see Inter­ pation of deregulation for up to five years tice Department officially establishes the true state Circuit, Inc. v. United States, 306 u.s. after developing a gas property, even if the facts of the situation. 208 (1939), Federal Trade Commission v. regulated price increased at a rate of 30 per­ Sincerely yours, Cement Institute, 333 U.S. 683 (1948) )-a cent per year. RALPH NADER. violation of Section One of the Sherman Act Competition. Classical economic theory MARK GREEN. would be clear.' presumes that even if opportunity costs per­ GARRY DELOSS. The alleged natural gas shortage, there­ mit one gas producer to withhold production, fore, does not compel the conclusion that competing producers would step in to en­ an antitrust conspiracy has occurred. It does, large their market shares by serving the however, permit such a conclusion. Only a first producer's unsatisfied pipeline customer. LOCAL PUBLIC WORKS CAPITAL DE­ Justice Department investigation can deter­ This predicted behavior, however, presumes VELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT mine whether or not natural gas firms are that the gas industry is competitive. Other~ engaged in an antitrust conspiracy to re­ wise, producers could withhold supply with­ ACT OF 1976 strain trade in order to boost price. In in­ out fear of losing their market share. stances whe:re there is a victim (here, society It violates common sense and standard eco­ short of gas) and the suspicion of foul play nomic theory to argue that the natural gas HON. CARL D. PURSELL (an antitrust conspiracy) police investiga­ industry is competitive-the large number of OF MICHIGAN tions look for a) motive, b) opportunity, c) firms in the industry notwithstanding. For IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES means and d) circumstantial evidence to purported competitors have developed a web make out a case. Based on such an analysis, of partnerships (known euphemistically as Wednesday, February 23, 1977 it is our view that sufficient evidence of anti­ "joint ventures") which inspire cooperation Mr. PURSELL. Mr. Speaker, before au­ trust wrongdoing exists to justify a detailed rather than competition. The major oil and investigation by the Antitrust Division: gas producers have extensive partnerships thorizing any more funds for another A. Motive-Natural gas producers who sell with each other and with smaller companies Public Works Capital Development and· in the interstate market today receive prices in lease bidding, exploration, development, Investment Act type legislation, I hope which reflect rates established by the Fed- production, and pipelines. (See, e.g., The my colleagues will take the time to edu- February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS 5149 · cate themselves regarding the remarks those being most labor intensive. A two­ manpower programs in the interim, of Congressman CONABLE and his col­ prong test, each containing four factors, thereby allowing sufficient time to leagues during a special order on the was used to weigh each project against analyze the results of the past public House floor January 13, 1977. The follow­ its competitors: works legislation. Instead, we are taking ing is provided to help facilitate that Total poss1ble=120 points maximum. another blind shot. education: TEST A Second, the removal of the 70-30 State PUBLIC WORKS EMPLOYMENT 1. 30 points maximum: Number of unem­ breakdown is another mistake. The 70-30 AMOUNT AVAILABLE AND ALLOCATION ployed in the project areas, being a logarith­ categories have been deleted and all or Appropriated by legislation, $2 billion. Inically determined factor taking into con­ nearly all the money authorized will go Taken by EDA to administer the program, sideration severity and duration. directly to the large urban cities. I sup­ $10 billion. 2. 25 points maximum: unemployment rate port helping the cities but not at the Total available for grants, $1.99 billion pie. ( %) in the project area. expense of all others. I believe that the NATIONAL PIE 3. 30 points maximum: labor intensity of the project. 70-30 breakdown was a mistake, but to Sixty-five percent or $1.3 billion: To states 4. 15 points maximum: depending on per remove the whole idea is likewise an according to their share of the unemployed. c&pita income of the project area. error. Example, Michigan: Number ·of unemployed in Michigan TEST B Somehow we must surely be able to divided by the number of unemployed in the 1: 10 points maximum: if project is of provide a mechanism in this legislation nation equals 5.5 %, which equals $71.5 mil­ long range benefit. by which the executive agency can sepa­ lion of the $1.3 billion. 2. 5 points maximum: 1f project submitted rate the wheat from the chaff in terms Thirty-five percent or $.7 billion: To states by unit of local government or school dis­ of need. having unemployment above the national trict. Finally, is it not about time that this rate (7.8%) on a basis of how much the 3. 3 points maximum: if project submitted by special purpose district of local govern­ Congress begins long-range planning and states' unemployment exceeded the national escape the yoke of crisis management rate. Michigan received $86.5 million. ment. 4. 5 points maximum: 1f project related to which we have assumed? However, all States were guaranteed existing approved local plans and programs. a minimum of $10 million-which 21 SECOND DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN; CONSTITUENT States received-but no more than $250 RESPONSE million-only 1 State received maxi­ From my district, I received the fol­ DRAFT DODGER PARDON mum-no matter how the formula lowing types of complaints-from the DISGUSTS VETERANS worked out. Board of Commissioners of Wayne, The project selection system was de­ Washtenaw, and Monroe Counties, the signed to score and rank projects within City Councils of Ypsilanti, and from the HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK each State by 70- to 30-percent cate­ City Manager of Plymouth-regarding OF OHIO gories. These categories were established the handling of these grants: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by the enabling legislation, which re­ 1. certain political sovereigns were lumped quired that 70 percent of all funds ap­ in with other unaffiliated political jurisdic­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 propriated under the program be ex­ tions; Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Presi­ pended for projects in areas with unem­ 2. No feedback was given as to why grants dent Carter's pardon of draft evaders has ployment rates in excess of the national were denied; sickened many millions of American average, and the remaining 30 percent 3. Projects not having received environ­ mental review were funded while others veterans. Instead of healing the wounds be expended for projects from areas with which were fully cleared were not; and as the President said it would, it has re­ unemployment rates equal to or below 4. Jurisdictions submitting laundry lists opened many. the national average. In the 30-percent instead of high priority needs were more I have received letters from Vietnam category, priority was to be given to successful. veterans who have expressed their dis­ those from areas with unemployment FAULTS WITH THE PROCESS gust at the pardon. One of these is from rates of 6.5 percent or. more. 1. High number of 100% funded programs; Jerry Norton, a national board member INPUT FROM APPLICANTS grants were not made on a basis of need but of Young Americans for Freedom. I wish A total of 22,275 applications were re­ solely on basis of unemployment. Some fac­ to share his letter to President Carter ceived by EDA seeking nearly $20 billion. tor such as the community's willingness to with my colleagues. As an aside, I would Of this, 17,085 applications were received put up its own funds should have been also like to point out that Jerry has told from the 70-percent category seeking included. me that he has yet to receive any reply 2. There should have been an adjustment $16,231 billion whereas 4,670 applications for Ohange in the unemployment rate since from the White House. were received from areas falling in the the national average increased to 8 %, how­ The text of the letter follows: 30-percent category. Of this 4,670, 3,882 ever, those areas with 8-9% unemployment ALEXANDRIA, VA., applications of $3.117 billion were in were low on the 70% category totem pole, January 29, 1977. areas having unemployment greater than while areas with 7.3-7.5% were high on the President JIMMY CARTER, 6.5 percent while only 788 applications of 30 % category totem pole. The White House, 3. No feedback was given to those jurisdic­ Washington, D.C. $563 million were from areas having be­ DEAR MR. PRESIDENT; As a Vietnam veteran low 6.5 percent unemployment. tions denied grants. 4. Test B, factor 1 did not give sufficient with a Purple Heart and Army Commenda­ Once each State got its share, that support to projects of long range benefit. tion Medal for Valor, I want you to know share was divided so that 70 percent of that I find your pardons for those who NEW LEGISLATION e8iCh State's share went to areas having shirked their duty sickening. God help us unemployment exceeding 7.5 percent, The above states what was, the fol­ if Americans are ever called into battle while 30 percent of each State's share lowing deals with the new legislation again. went to areas having unemployment of upon which we will be voting in the very As for your attempt to buy off those of us near future. who did risk our lives-though even that 6.5 to 7.5 percent. seems aimed primarily at those too young to SCORING; BY STATE First, we have learned that job crea­ tion through public works legislation is actually have served in Vietnam-it won't Each project was scored against other an expensive proposition. The additional wash. The price of honor isn't that cheap, projects within the same category. With­ $4 billion will in no way satiate the re­ Mr. President. in each category, the scoring procedure quests submitted by local government. You have begun your ;>residency by alien­ utilized project and area factors believed Would it not be wiser and more eco­ ating millions of Americans. Just as 1 by EDA to contribute most to achieving counted the days waiting for my tour of nomical for us to let the results of this duty in Vietnam to end, I will now be an equitable substate distribution of past fall's legislation sink in before we project funds, and insure that the rela­ counting the days until tp.e next pre-sidential go priming that same pump. True, the election, when it is my fervent hope that you tively more economically efficient proj­ unemployed need attention. However, I wm be replaced. ects-those having maximum impact on feel it would be much wiser to use estab­ Most sincerely, unemployment--were selected, that is, lished programs such as CETA to deliver JERRY NORTON. 5150 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 OIL TANKER SAFETY nearly 50 percent greater than the losses in registry accounted for the highest number 1975, when the previous record was set. of ships lost, 68. The Greeks lost the next Of the 19 tankers, 11 flew the Liberian highest, 26. The United States fleet lost nine flag. Two of the ships were registered in ships. · HON. GERRY E. STUDDS Cyprus, a flag of convenience with even less Philip J. Loree, the director of the Federa­ OF MASSACHUSETTS restriction. Four of ·the remaining lost tank­ tion of American Controlled Shipping, an or­ ganization of 20 AmeriC'an oil companies and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ers were Greek, one was Spanish and one was East German. other shippers using the Liberian and Pana­ Wednesday, February 23, 1977 McKenzie said he expected the final 1976 manian flags, contended that the ships repre­ sented by his group, averaging 100,000 tons, Mr. STUDDS. Mr. Speaker, t'he recent figures to show two or three more tankers lost and noted that the first nine months of represented a substantial capital investment series of major oil spill incidents has t he year had already set a record before the and were therefore treated carefully. aroused the interest of the Nation and Argo Merchant had the largest spill in Amer­ Similarly, Guy E. C. Maitland, the execu­ of a great many Members of Congress in ican waters. t ive director of the Liberian Shipping Coun ­ the extremely important issues of oil The figures indicate the growing dimen­ cil, an organization of 62 major internat ional spill liability and oil tanker safety. Many sion of the problem. shipholders, says that the Liberian flag-fleet of the components of these problems The energy-hungry United States is now includes some of the most modern, largest were spelled out superbly in a recent importing 45 percent of its oil--6.3 million and best-equipped tankers now in use. barrels a day, the equivalent of 35 Argo But Robert J. Blackwell, the assistan t sec­ series of articles by New York Times re­ retary for maritime aff'airs of the Maritime porter John Kifner. The following is the Merchant loads. The impol'lts, already up from 36 percent before the Arab oil em­ Administration, told the Senate Commerce first of these articles: bargo in 1973 and 1974, are expected to con­ Committee, that while many of the Liberian­ [From the Boston Herald American, Feb. 13, tinue rising. fiag vessels were modern, "we have never seen 1977] Of the imported oil 94 percent is brought that fieet." RASH OF TANKER MISHAPS STIR UP NATIONAL in aboard foreign flagships, and 40 percent For geographic and economic reasons, the ships that bring oil into American ports are, ANXIETY of that in ships of Liberian registry, accord­ by and large older ones. Since the early 1960s, ing to former Secret ary of Transporta~tion (By John Kifner) shipowners have been building bigger and William I. Coleman Jr. NEw YoaK.-The wreck of the Argo Mer­ Amid this flow of traffic, McKenzie told bigger tankers, or Very Large Crude Carriers, chant, spllling 7.5 million gallons of oil off the Senate Commerce Committee, which is as those about 200,000 deadweight tons are Nantucket Island last December, and the known. rash of tanker mishaps that followed, have looking into the shipping industry, the rash But, there are no deepwat er ports on the stirred national concern over oil pollution of accidents was "not unexpected" and was Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and only a few on by the ships flying "flags of convenience" "pal'lt of an evergrowing phenomenon." the West Ooast, that can accommodate the Some of the incidents involving Liberian that bring in much of this nation's oil. draft of these l·arge ships. Senate hearings are under way and Brock flag ships were commonplace and relatively Thus, according to a recent st udy by the Adams, the new Transportation Secretary, harmless groundings. But they also included Coast Guard, 80 perce·nt of t he ships arriv­ has announced a set of safety rules, which a major oil spill in the Delaware River, a ing in American ports are u nder 70,000 dead­ breakup off Hawaii and an explosion in Los have been long in the making. weight tons. But the Coast Guard has had the author­ Angeles Harbor that killed 11 sailors. At the moment, there is a glut of t an ker ity to make and enforce safety regulations The severity of the pollution situation is tonnage, which means that oil companies since 1972 and has not done so. Possible con­ underlined in the fact that the oil spills and can choose ships offering to work at cheaper gressional action includes a bill to fix liabil­ wrecks like those that have aroused cur­ rates. And that means older, less well-main­ ity for oil spllls and their damages, but sim­ rent concern account for only 10 to 15 tained ships run by marginal operators are ilar legislation failed under oil industry pres­ percent of the two million tons of oil spilled often the ones chosen. Further, there are sure last year. into the oceans during transi•t according to economic pressures to cut costs on the crews Thus, largely because of the flag of con­ a 1975 study by the National Academy· of or to steer shorter, but more dangerous venience arrangement, shipping has become Scie.nces. · courses to save time and money. an industry without effective regulation. The Most of the spills occur in almost routine The wreck of the Argo Merchant, Loree con­ series of accidents is not so much a sudden operating procedures, primarily the flushing ceded, "highlighted a problem," where, par­ phenomenon as part of a growing problem, tanks near shore, the practice, often done ticula.rly in the shallow waters of the North attributable to the increasing imports of oil a,t night, is common. Atlantic, he said, the economic pressures and the economic organization of the ship­ International regulations calling for seg­ made for a "kind of Gresham's Law" under ping industry, a five-week examination has gregated ballasts have been approved for which bad ships drove out good. found. all new ships over 70,000 tons. But the rules, Studies by McKenzie and others have drawn up in 1973 but not in effect since not The examination included interviews with found that tankers over 10 years old become enough countries have ratified them---

TABLE 18.-ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES TO THE AVF AND SELECTED ALTERNATIVES TO THE AVF ACCESSION SYSTEM POSSrBLE ADVANTAGES POSSIBLE DISADVANTAGES The All Volunteer Force The All Volunteer Force The All Volunteer Force Today's All Volunteer Force, Compensation Has been successful. Costly-$3 billion in budget cost $300-$400 Levels, and Management. Politically popular, especially among young million in opportunity cost. people. Army black content becomes higher than Has been the catalyst for many beneficial population proportion. manpower policies summarized by the treat­ Only a small portion of society serve in ment of manpower as a valuable resource. military. Some soldiers who serve may be more mo­ tivated by salary than patriotism. ALTERNATIVES TO THE AVF I. Modified All Volunteer Force I. Modified All Volunteer Force I. Modified All Volunteer Force An AVF force consisting of significantly Lower recruiting and bonus costs. Lower quality individuals, because of higher reduced quality standards, more women and Still retains AVF concept. attrition and discipline problems, may actu­ more blacks. ally increase training and accession costs. May have negative impact on Force Readi­ ness. II. The Draft II. The Draft II. The Draft The Selective Service System as managed Save about $3 billion per year (if first­ Seems politically and practically infeasible during the 1960's and early 1970's including term enlisted pay is reduced). to return to the draft in peacetime. reduced wages for first-term enlisted per­ Insure manning of the force. Seems politically and practically infeasible sonnel. May help solve Reserve manning problem. to reduce first-term wages to previous level where some servicemen were on welfare. Return to view of manpower as a cheap commodity with the resulting detriment to personnel policies and ma.npower manage­ ment. III. Modified Draft III. Modified Draft III. Modified Draft The Selective Service as managed during Save about $400-$500 mil1on per year in Seems politically infeasible to return to the 1960's and 1970's; however, first time recruiting costs and bonuses. the draft in peacetime. personnel wages not reduced below current Insures manning of the force. Return to view of manpower as a cheap level. May help solve Reserve manning problem. commodity with the resulting detriment to personnel policies and manpower manage­ ment. Equity problem-only a few would be drafted. IV. Universal Military Training IV. Universal Military Training IV. Universal Military Training All men receive a minimum level of stand­ Equlitable--everyone is involved. High cost of training and enlarged train­ a-rd military training. Creates large trained manpower pool for ing support base. wartime needs. Much of cost devoted to creation of a Could solve Reserve manning problem. large surplus of trained manpower based on projected requirements. V. Universal Military Service V. Universal Military Service V. Universal Military Service All men must serve as soldiers for a lim­ Equitable--everyone is involved. Very high total cost of pay and training ited period. No problems in manning the force. for those in program. Can reduce recruiting and bonus costs. Creates a large surplus of soldiers based May help solve Reserve manning problem. on projected requirements' (assuming a rea­ sonable length tour) . Stimulate creation of massive support es­ tablishment. VI. Mandatory National Service VI. Mandatory National Service VI. Mandatory National Service Everyone, men and women youth, must Based on Equitable premise--all must Costly-about $50 billion per year assum­ serve two years in national service, i.e., sol­ serve. ing minimum wage-about $14 billion per diers, peace corps, hospital aides, etc. Insures manning of the force. year assuming $100 per month wage level. May help solve Reserve manning problem. What would happen to the significant Save about $400-$500 m1111on per year in number of young people who might refuse recruiting costs and bonuses. to serve? Would create a gap of youth workers in some locations and may involve competition with private industry. How would DoD be guaranteed of quality accessions since it would be in competition with other Agencies? Discrimination among assignments (peace corps vs. rifleman) creates inequities. VII. Voluntary National Service VII. Voluntary National Service VII. Voluntary National Service Individuals may select from jobs or volun­ Programs may provide many needed serv­ Quailty individuals choosing military may teer programs that exist or are made avail­ ices for the nation. be affected by competing opportunities. able in public or private sector. Similar to a national job corps approach­ Very high cost in payment of personnel expansion of job oppol'ltunities. and management of program.

SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS of the Senate Daily Digest-designated Remarks section of the CONGRESSIONAL SCHEDULED by the Rules Committee-of the time, RECORD. place, and purpose of all meetings when Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, agreed Any changes in committee scheduling to by the Senate on February 4, 1977, scheduled, and any cancellations or will be indicated by placement of an calls for establishment of a system for changes in meetings as they occur. asterisk to the right of the name of the As an interim procedure beginning unit conducting such meetings. a computerized schedule of all meetings February 21, and until the computeriza­ and hearings of Senate committees, sub­ tion of this information becomes opera­ Meetings scheduled for Thursday, committees, joint committees, and com­ tional, the Office of the Senate Daily February 24, may be found in the Daily mittees of conference. This title requires Digest will prepare such information Digest section of today's RECORD. all such committees to notify the Office daily for printing in the Extensions of The schedule follows: 5154 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February .23, 1977

SCHEDULE MEETINGS 10a.m. Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Armed Services To hold hearings on proposed authoriza­ FEBRUARY 25 tions for major housing and commu­ 9 a.m. To hear Paul C. Warnke testify and an­ swer questions in behalf of his nomi­ nity development programs. Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 5302 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed legis­ nation to serve as Director of ACDA, with the rank of Ambassador. Energy and Natural Resources lat~on to amend the Agriculture and Subcommittee on Minerals, Materials and Consumer Protection Act of 1973. Room to be announced Environment and Public Works Fuels Until noon 322 Russell Building To continue hearings on S. 7, to establish 9:30a.m. To hold hearings to review Presidential budget requests for fiscal year 1978 in the Department of the Interior an Appropriations Office of S\lrface Mining Reclamation Interior Subcommittee for the Environmental Protection Agency. and Enforcement to administer pro­ To continue hearings on proposed grams to control surface coal mining budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 4200 Dirksen Building Select Small Business operations. for the Department of the Interior 3110 Dirksen Building and related activities, to hea.r Secre­ To resume hearings on problems of U.S. supplemental air carriers, including 10:30 a.m. tary of the Interior Andrus. Judiciary 1114 Dirksen Building charter regulations, applications for low-cost scheduled service, discrimina­ To hold hearings on the nominations Human Resources of Wade H. McCree, Jr., of Michigan, Subcommittee on the Handicapped tory enforcement of CAB rules, and military airlift contract procedures. to be Solicitor General; Barbara A. To continue hearings to review pro­ Babcock, of California, to be an As­ grams for handicapped persons. 6202 Dirksen Building 2p.m. sistant Attorney General (Civil Divi­ 4232 Dirksen Building sion); Benjamin R. Civiletti, of Mary­ Veterans' Affairs Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor-Health, Education, land, to be an Assistant Attorney Gen­ To hold hearings on the nomination of eral (Criminal Division); DrewS. Days, Joseph Maxwell Cleland, of Georgia, and Welfare To hold hearings to receive testimony on III, of New York, to be an Assistant to be Director of Veterans' Affairs. Attorney General (Civil Rights Divi­ 318 Russell Building proposed supplemental appropriations 10a.m. for the Department of Health, Educa­ sion) ; Daniel J. Meador, of Virginia, Appropriations tion, and Welfare, to hear testimony to be an Assistant Attorney General Subcommittee on HUD-Independent Agen­ on certain health programs and on (Office for Improvements in the Ad­ cies special benefits for disabled coal ministration of Justice); and Patricia To continue hearings on proposed budget miners. M. Wald, of Maryland, to be an Assist­ 8-128, Capitol ant Attorney General (Office of Legis­ estimates for fiscal year 1978, to hear lative Affairs). officials of the National Science Foun­ MARCH 1 2228 Dirksen Building dation and Office of Science and Tech­ 9 a.m. nology Policy. Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry MARCH 3 1318 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed legis­ 9a.m. Appropriations lation to amend and extend the Agri­ Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Subcommittee on State, Justice, Com­ culture and Consumer Protection Act. To resume hearings and proposed legis­ merce, and Judiciary Until: Noon 322 Russell Building lation to amend and extend the Agri­ To hold hearings on supplemental ap­ 10 a.m. culture and Consumer Protection Act. propriations for fiscal year 1977 for the Commerce, Science and Transportation Until: Noon 322 Russell Building Department of Commerce, to hear of­ Subcommittee on Science and Space 9:30a.m. . ficials of the Economic Development To resume hearings on S. 365, authoriz­ Environment and Public Works Administration. ing funds for fiscal year 1978 for the To hold hearings to review Presidential 1224 Dirksen Building National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ budget requests for fiscal year 1978 for Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs ministration. the Fish and Wildlife Service. Subcommittee on Housing and Urban Af­ 235 Russell Building 4200 Dirksen Building fairs Energy and Natural Resources Small Business To continue _hearings on S. 208, the pro­ Subcommittee on Minerals, Materials and To hold hearings on bills to provide dis­ posed National Mass Transportation Fuels aster assistance to small businesses (S. Assistance Act. To resume hearings on S. 7, to establish 570 and 704). 5302 Dirksen Building in the Department of the Interior an 3302 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Office of Surface Mining Reclamation 10a.m. Subcommittee on Space and Science and Enforcement to administer pro­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To hold hearings on S. 365, authorizing grams to control surface coal mining To hold hearings on proposed authoriza­ funds for fiscal year 1978 for the Na­ operations. tions for major housing and commu­ tional Aeronautics and Space Admin­ nity development programs. istration. 3110 Dirksen Building 5p.m. 5302 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building Joint Defense Production Commerce, Science and Transportation 11 a.m. Subcommittee on Science and Space Foreign Relations Business meeting to discuss committee organization. To resume hearings on S. 365, author­ Subcommittee on Foreign Assistance izing funds for fiscal year 1976 for the To hold hearings to receive testimony Until: 6 p.m. EF-100, Capitol MARCH 2 National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ concerning military and economic as­ ministration. sistance to Portugal. 9:30a.m. Environment and Public Works 235 Russell Building 4221 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources FEBRUARY 28 To hold hearings to review Presidential budget requests for fiscal year 1978 for Subcommittee on Minerals, Materials and 9a.m. Fuels Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry the Economic Development Adminis­ tration and the Appalachian Regional To continue hearing on S. 7, to establish To resume hearings on proposed legis­ in the Department of the Interior an lation to amend and extend the Agri­ Commission. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation culture and Consumer Protection Act. 4200 Dirksen Building and Enforcement to administer pro­ Until: Noon 322 Russell Building Human Resources grams to control surface coal mining Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on the Handicapped operations. Subcommittee on International Finance To resume hearings to review programs 3110 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on S. 69 and 92;-To for handicapped persons. Rules and Administration amend and extend the Export Admin­ 4232 Dirksen Building Subcommittee on Privileges and Elections Veterans' Affairs To hold hearings on the proposed fiscal istration Act, including provisions on year 1978 authorization for the Federal anti-boycott and nuclear proliferation. Business meeting, to discuss committee organization. Election Commission. 5302 Dirksen Building 301 Russell Building 9:30a.m. 412 Russell Building Select Intelllgence Human Resources 10a.m. Subcommittee on Budget Authorization Subcommittee on the Handicapped Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry To resume closed hearings on proposed To resume hearings to review programs Business meeting, to discuss budgetary fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Gov­ for handicapped persons. ami other committee business. ernment intelligence activities. 4232 Dirksen Building Until: Noon 322 Russell Office Building 8-407, Capitol February 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5155 MARCH 4 furnish reinsurance for property lia­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation 9 a.m. bility insurers for small business con­ Subcommittee on Aviation Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry . cerns which would not otherwise be To hold hearings on bills proposiri.g reg­ To continue hearings on proposed legis­ able to obtain product liability insur­ ulatory reform in the ltir transporta­ lation to amend and extend the Agri­ ance on reasonable terms. tion industry, including s. 292 and culture and Consumer Protection Act. 6202 Dirksen Building s. 689. . Until: Noon 322 Russell Buildin" 10a.m. 5110 Dirksen Building 9:30 a.m. Commerce, Science and Transportation 9:30a.m. Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Science and Space Small Business To hold hearings to review Presidential To hold closed hearings on S. 365, au­ To hold hearings to consider the impact budget requests for fiscal year 1978 thorizing funds for fiscal year 1978 for of product safety regulations on small for the Army Corps of Engineers. the National Aeronautics and Space businesses. 4200 Dirksen Building Administration. 318 Russell Buildi118; 10 a.m. 235 Russell Building MARCH 22 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Select Intelligence To hold hearings on proposed authoriza­ Subcommittee on Budget Authorization 9:30a.m. tions for major housing and commu­ To resume closed hearings on proposed Commerce, Science, and Transp'or14tion nity development programs. fiscal year 1978 authorizations for To hold hearings to consider the impact 5302 Dirksen Building Government intelligence activities. tic communications common carrier (i.e., telephones, computers, etc.) MARCH 7 S-407, Capitol policies. 9a.m. MARCH 10 Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 9 a.m. 235 Russell. B.uilding To resume hearings on proposed legisla­ Algriculture. Nutrition, and Forestry Commerce, Science, and Transportation tion to amend and extend the Agricul­ To continue hearings on proposed legis­ Subcommittee on Aviation ture and Consumer Protection Act. lation to amend and extend the Agri­ To hold hearings on bills proposing reg­ Until: Noon 322 Russell Building culture and Consumer Protection Act. ulatory reform in the air transporta­ 9:30 a.m. Until: Noon 322 Russell Building tion industry, including S. 292 and Environment and Public Works 10 a.m. s. 689. To hold hearings to review Presidential Select Intelligence 5110 Dirksen Building budget requests for fiscal year 1978 Subcommittee on Budget Authorization 10 a.m. for the General Services Admini~?tra­ To resume closed hearings on proposed S.elect Intelligence ti~n. fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Gov­ Subcommittee on Budget Authorization 4200 Dirksen Building e·rnment intelligence activities. To resume closed hearings· on ' proposed 10 a.m. S-407, Capitol fiscal year 1978 authorizations'for Gov­ Appropriations MARCH 11 ernment intelligence activities. Subcommittee on Military Construction 9 a.m. S-407, Capitol To resume hearings on proposed budget Agriculture. Nutrition, and Forestry MARCH 23 estimates for fiscal year 1978 for mili­ To continue hearings on proposed legis­ 9:30a.m. tary construction programs. lation to amend and extend the Agri­ 8-146, Capitol culture and Consumer Protection Act. C_ommerce, Science, and Transpo:Z.tlit:ion Commerce, Science and Transportation Until: Noon 322 Russell Building To hold hearings to inquire, i:q.~~ ; Cipmes­ Subcommittee on Science and Space tic communications comrrion carrier MARCH 14 (i.e. telephones, comput~rs, · . etc.) To resume hearings on S. 365, author­ 9 a.m. policies. izing funds for fiscal year 1978 for the · Agriculture. Ni.t,trition, and Forestry National Aeronautics and Space ·Ad- · 235 Russell BuU~ing To continue hearings on proposed legis­ Commerce, Science, and Tran:;;p<;>Jet~~otlon · ministration. lation to amend and extend the Agri­ 235 Russell Building S~bc;ommittee on Aviation . ', .. ,. , ,.; .·· culture and Consumer Pr.otection. Act. To hold hearings on bills. propp~ipg reg­ MARCH 8 Until: Noon 322 Russell Building ulatory reform in the air ~ram;porta­ 9 a.m . . MAR(:H 15 . Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry tion industry, includJng ~· 292: and 9' a.m. s. 689. . .·_, To continue hearings on proposed leg~­ lation to amend and extend the Agri­ Algriculture. Nutrition, and Forestry 5110 Dirksen Building culture and Consumer Pre>tection Act. · Te> continu·e hearings on proposed legis­ 10 a.m. Until:· Noon 322 Russell Building . lation to amend and extend the Agri­ Select Intelligence 10 a.m. culture and Consumer Protection Act. Subcommittee on Budget Authbr1Eat1:on Rules and Administration Until: Noon 322 · Russell Building · · To resume closed hearings • on:: proposed Subcommittee on Privileges and Elections 10 a.m. fiscal year 1978 authorization:s-for Gov­ To hold hearings on the operation of . ~lect · Intelligence ernment intelligence actlvlttes: .. , • the Overseas Citizens Voting Rights Sl,lbcommittee on Budget Authoriza:tion · · ·· · S-407, Capitol Act (Public Law 94-203), and S. 703;­ To resume closed hearings on proposed · MARCH 24 to improve the administration and ·the fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Gov­ . ernment intelligence activities. 9:30a.m. operation of such Act. ·. Commerce., Science, ahd Transpor.tation 301 Russell Buildt:P,g S-407, Gapitol MARCH 18 Subcommittee o:h Aviation : '. •l . ;,. , Select. Intelligence , To hold hearings on bills -propdsiri.g'reg­ Subcozmn,ittee. on Budget Au t:Qor~zation . 10 a.m.' : To resume closed hearings on proposed Select Intelligence tilatory reform In the air tratisporta­ Subcommittee on Budget Authorization ·tion industry, including 'S. '292, and fiscal year 1978 authorizations . for s. 689. '•:' :· Government tntell1gence activities. To resume closed hearings on proposed S-407, Capitol fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Gq__v­ '5110 Dirksen Building 10a.m. MARCH 9 ernment intelligence activities. 9 a.m. S-407, Capitol Energy and Natural Resources Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry MARCH 17 To hold oversight hearings on the pro­ To continue hearings on proposed legis­ 10 a.m. posal for an international petroleum lation to amend and extend the Agri­ Select Intelligence transshipment port and storage center culture and Consumer Protection Act. Subcommittee on Budget Authorization located in the Palau District, Western Until: Noon 322 Russell Building To hold closed hearings on proposed fis­ Caroline Islands, Trust Territory of the 9:30a.m. cal year 1978 authorizations for Gov­ Pacific Islands. Environment and Public Works ernment intel11gence activities. 3110 Dirksen Building To hold hearings to review Presidential S-407, Capitol MARCH 25 budget requests for fiscal year 1978 for MARCH 21 9:30a.m. the Federal Highway Administration. 9:30a.m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation 4200 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Subcommittee on Aviation Small Business To hold hearlngs to inquire into domes­ To hold hearings on bills proposing regu­ To hold hearings to consider the impact tic communications common carrier latory reform in the air transporta­ of product 11ab111ty insurance on small (i.e., telephones, computers, etc.) tion industry, including S. 292, and businesses, and on s. 527, authorizing policies. s. 689. the Small Business. Administratto~ 235 Russell Building 5110 Dirksen Building 5156 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1977 MARCH 28 ALL-VOLUNTEER FORCE-CURRENT THE AVF 9:30a.m. STATUS AND PROSPECTS, PART VI The AVF to date has been successful. The commerce, Spience, and Transportation disadvantages commonly associated with the Subcommittee on Aviation AVF include high cost, representation, and To hold hearings on btlls proposing regu­ latory reform in the air transporta­ HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER motivation. The cost of the AVF ls pri­ tion industry, including S. 292, and OF WISCONSIN marlly a function of pay compara.bUity, a De­ s. 689. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fense goal which preceded the AVF. Al­ 5110 Dirksen Building though not all serve their country under an Wednesday, February 23, 1977 MARCH 29 AVF, the AVF is representative of American 9:30a.m. Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, the De­ society. A predominately black Army has not Commerce, Science, and Tra.nsportation fense Department officials who put to­ evolved. Finally, the objection that some AVF Subcommittee on Avi<lon gether the transition paper for the soldiers serve primarlly for money ignores the To hold hearings on bills proposing regu­ Carter administration which I have been fact that serving for a competitive salary does latory reform in the air transporta­ not automatically imply poor performance. tion industry, including S. 292, and inserting over the past week recognized that despite the Volunteer Army's suc­ Other things being equal, it is preferable to s. 689. man a mllitary force with volunteers rather 5110 Dirksen Building cess to date, alternatives to it must be than with conscripts. 10 a.m. considered for the future. Select IntelUgence In the final chapter of the transition SEVEN ALTERNATIVES TO THE AVF Subcommittee on Budget Authorization document, they discussed seven possible The modified AVF option (AL'r I) would To resume closed hearings on proposed alternatives, listing possible advantages continue the AVF concept but would reduce fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Gov­ quality standards significantly below cur­ ernment intel11gence activities. and disadvantages of each. The alterna­ 8-407, capitol tives include a modified All-Volun·teer rent levels. This quality reduction may al­ low for major near-term savings in recruiting MARCH 30 Force, the draft, a modified draft, uni­ costs and enlistment bonuses, but since lower 9:30a.m. versal military training, universal mili­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation tary service, mandatory national service, quality individuals exhibit pigher attrition, Subcommittee on Aviation one could expect higher long-term acces­ To hold hearings on bllls proposing regu­ and voluntary national service. sion related costs. latory reform in the air transporta­ All these options, like the Volunteer The two draft alternatives (ALT II and tion industry, including S. 292, and Force itself, have problems of their own. III) may result in annual DoD savings of $3 s. 689. At this point, I cannot foresee a circum­ bUlion and$% billion respectively. However, 5110 Dirksen Building stance where it would be preferable to a return to a peacetime draft does not appear MARCH 31 bring an end to the volunteer concept, to be practically or politically acceptable 'at 9:30a.m. short of war. As the transition team said, this time. commerce, Science, and Transportatton the All-Volunteer Force has been suc­ Universal mllitary tr~inlng and universal Subcommittee on Aviation To hold hearings on bills proposing regu­ cessful to date. I can only emphasize my military service (ALT IV and V) would cre­ latory reform in the air transporta­ full agreement with their conclusion ate a large pool of trained manpower or sol­ tion industry, including s. 292, and that- diers, but these programs would be very cost­ s. 689. Other things being equal, it is preferable ly and would create a large manpower sur­ 5110 Dirksen Building to man a military force with volunteers plus in excess of projected wartime m111tary 10 a.m. rather than with conscripts. requirements. Foreign Relations This concludes the transition report. Mandatory and Voluntary National Service Subcommittee on Oceans and Internation­ (ALT VI and VII) may lnltially seem attrac­ al Environment Its earlier chapters are included in the To hold hearings on S. Res. 49, express­ five RECORDS preceding this one. If the tive and equitable. However, mandatory na­ ing the sense of the Senate that the reader has not seen all of these segments, tional service would be a major societal U.S. Government should seek the I hope you will go back the first, which change. It would also be costly-perhaps cost­ agreement of other governments to a to ing $50 blllion annually •-and it would raise proposed treaty requlrlng the prepa­ contained the executive summary. That other problems such as what to do about ration of an international environ­ first chapter offers a succinct explana­ those who refuse to serve. Voluntary National mental impact statement for any tion of how well and why the Volunteer Service, which could increase youth employ­ major project expected to have sig­ Force is working and why we ought not ment opportunities, also involves high pro­ nificant adverse effect on the physical tamper with it. gram costs and could create significant com­ environment. The final chapter of "The All-Volun­ petition with DoD for high quality youth. 4221 Dirksen Building teer Force-Current Status and Pros­ APRIL 1 pects" follows: • This estimate assumes all youth (male 9:30a.m. CHAPTER &-ALTERNATIVES TO THE AVF commerce, Science, and Transportation and female) are required to Rerve for a Subcommittee on Aviation Table 18 presents possible advantages and minimum wage. If only men serve, the esti­ To hold hearings on btlls proposing regu­ disadvantages of the AVF and seven alterna­ mate become $30 billlon annually. Source of latory reform in the air transporta­ tives to the AVF. It must be emphasize<\ that this section is intended only as a pre­ cost estimates: Unpublished Manuscript, tion industry, including s. 292, and Richard V. Cooper, Defense Without the 8. 689. liminary and cursory discussion on this im­ 5110 Dirksen Building portant topic. Df'aft, RAND Corporation, 1976.