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PHILOSOPHICAL and SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS of EDUCATION Edited by Dr Edited by: Dr. Kulwinder Pal PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION Edited By Dr. Kulwinder Pal Printed by LAXMI PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD. 113, Golden House, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 for Lovely Professional University Phagwara SYLLABUS Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Education Objectives: To understand the importance of various philosophical bases of education. To understand the impact of social theories on education. To relate the trends of social changes, cultural changes and their impact on education. To understand the application of modern science and technological development on social reconstruction. Sr. No. Description 1 Education & Philosophy: Meaning, Relationship, Nature and Scope. Significance of studying Philosophy in Education. Aims of Education: Individual and Social Aims of Education. Functions of Education: Individual, Social, Moral and Aesthetic. 2 School of Philosophical Thoughts: Idealism. School of Philosophical Thoughts: Naturalism. School of philosophical thoughts: Pragmatism. School of philosophical thoughts: Humanism. 3 Indian philosophical thoughts: Sankhya. Indian philosophical thoughts: Vedanta. Indian philosophical thoughts: Buddhism. Indian philosophical thoughts: Jainism. Indian philosophical thoughts: Islam 4 Contribution of Indian thinkers to Educational Thoughts: Mahatma Gandhi and Vivekananda. Contribution of Indian thinkers to Educational Thoughts – Aurobindo and Radhakrishnan 5 Sociology and Education: Concept of Educational Sociology and Sociology of Education. Socio-economic factors and their impact on education. Socialisation Process, Implications in Education 6 Social Change: Meaning, Nature and Causes. Constraints of social change (caste, ethnicity, class, language, religion, regionalism). Education as an agent of Social and Economic change, and HRD. 7 Education for social stratification and social mobility. Democracy and Education 8 Social theories: Marxism and Integral Humanism. Theories of functionalist: Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons 9 Women Education and Gender Equity. Globalization: Concept and its Relevance in Contemporary Situation. Human Rights and Education with Special reference to Rights of Children. Consumer Rights and Right to Education 10 Education for Peace. Values: concept, need, sources. National Integration and International understanding: Meaning, need, role of teacher and Educational Institutions in developing national integrity CONTENT Unit 1: Relation between Education and Philosophy and Philosophy of Education 1 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 2: Significance of Studying Philosophy in Education 23 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 3: Functions of Education 43 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 4: Idealism and Education 55 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 5: Naturalism and Education 69 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 6: Pragmatism and Education 83 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 7: Humanism and Education 94 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 8: Sankhya Philosophy and Education 104 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 9: Vedanta Philosophy and Education 116 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 10: Buddhism and Education 129 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 11: Jainism and Education 143 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 12: Philosophy and Traditions of Islamic Religion and Education 156 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 13: Philosophical and Educational Thought of Mahatma Gandhi 169 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 14: Philosophical and Educational Thought of Swami Vivekananda 186 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 15: Philosophical and Educational Thought of Shri Aurobinda and Radhakrishnan 201 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 16: Sociological Basis of Education 222 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 17: Socio-Economic Factors and Their Impact on Education 243 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 18: Socialization of the Child 252 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 19: Social Change and Education 260 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 20: Social Change in India and its Factors 271 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 21: Education as Mode of Social and Economic Change and HRD 277 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 22: Education : Social Stratification and Social Mobility 293 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 23: Democracy and Education 300 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 24: Marxism and Integral Humanism 311 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 25: Theories of Durkheim and Parsons 323 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 26: Women Education 331 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 27: Globalization : Concept and its Relevance in Contemporary Situation 342 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 28: Human Rights and Education 353 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 29: Consumer Rights and Right to Education 365 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 30: Peace Education 373 Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University Unit 31: Meaning and Needs of Value Education 379 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 32: Education for Nation Integration 403 Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 1: Relation between Education and Philosophy and Philosophy of Education Notes Unit 1: Relation between Education and Philosophy and Philosophy of Education CONTENTS Objectives Introduction 1.1 Meaning and Defi nition of Education 1.2 Wider and Narrower Meaning of Education 1.3 Nature and Characteristics of Education 1.4 Meaning and Defi nition of Philosophy 1.5 Difference between Indian and Western Philosophies 1.6 Nature and Characteristics of Philosophy 1.7 Scope and Subject Matter of Philosophy 1.8 Relation between Philosophy and Education 1.9 Meaning and Defi nition of Philosophy of Education 1.10 Nature and Characteristics of Philosophy of Education 1.11 Scope and Subject Matter of Philosophy of Education 1.12 Functions of Philosophy of Education 1.13 Need, Utility and Importance of Philosophy of Education 1.14 Summary 1.15 Keywords 1.16 Review Questions 1.17 Further Readings Objectives After going through this unit, the students will be able to— • Know the meaning of Education • Know the meaning of Philosophy • Understand the difference between Indian and western Philosophy • Understand the nature and meaning of Philosophy of Education LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 1 PPSFE_Unit-01.inddSFE_Unit-01.indd 1 330/06/130/06/13 66:57:57 PPMM Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Education Notes Introduction Word education is made by adding suffi x “a” in the Sanskrit stem Shiksh. Meaning of Shiksh is to learn and teach. Hence, meaning of Shiksha is process of learning and teaching. If we consider English word of education for Shiksha, then it also means the same. Education word is made of Latin word Educatum, which is made of same language words a (E) and Duco. A means internal and Duco means to progress, hence education means to improve internal ability of children externally. 1.1 Meaning and Defi nition of Education Education is the basic tool of human development. Development of innate abilities, increment in knowledge & arts and behavioral changes are brought about in humans by education only and he is made a civilized, cultured and able citizen. This work starts at the birth of a child only. Soon after birth, parents start teaching him hearing and speaking. When child grows little, then he is taught to sit, move, eat and social behavioral norms. At the age of 3–4 years, child starts to read and at this very age, he is sent to school. In school, his education goes on in organized way. Apart from school, he also learns at home and in community and the process of learning and teaching keeps going even after school and for the whole life. If we watch in detail, then in any society this process keeps functioning always. In its real sense, the permanent process of learning and teaching in any society is called education. If we look at it from application point of view, then it has two applications- one is in the form of process and second is the result of that process. When we say that his education is going on fi ne, then education means process here. When we say that he has received higher education, then it is the result. But modern academicians accept education as a process only. They are of the view that in any process, result is inherent. At present, result of education process is expressed in the form of knowledge, ability and behavioral change. Basic role in the education process to explain the format of the philosophers, sociologist, politician, philosophers, economists, psychologists and scientists have played and everyone saw their approaches to education-at the end and defi ned. Here we present a brief description of all of these approaches piece by understanding the nature of education based on facts and will attempt to defi ne it. Philosophical Concept of Education Centre of thought of philosophers is human. They try to know the actual nature of humans and fi nd fi nal objective of human life. To defi ne the path of last destination of human life also is the interest area of philosophers and they consider education
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