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Ciclo Reproductivo De La ALMEJA ROÑOSA, Chione Californiensis

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Ciclo Reproductivo De La ALMEJA ROÑOSA, Chione Californiensis Ciencias Marinas (1993), 19(1):15-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7773/cm.v19i1.923 CICLO REPRODUCTIVO DE LA ALMEJA ROÑOSA, Chione cdifomiensis (BRODERIP, 1835), EN BAHIA MAGDALENA, BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MEXICO REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF THE CLAM Chione cdifomiensis (BRODEIUP, 1835) IN BAHIA MAGDALENA, BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MEXICO Federico García-Domínguez* Gustavo García-Melgar Pedro González-Ramírez* Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Apartado Postal 592 La Paz, B.C.S., 23000 México Recibido en enero de 1992; aceptado en mayo de 1992 RESUMEN Se recolectaronmensualmente, entre mayo de 1988 y septiembre de 1989, ejemplares adultos de la almeja roñosa, Chione califomiensis (Broderip, 1835), en una población de la zona entre mareas situada en Puerto San Carlos, Bahía Magdalena, B.C.S. El desarrollo gonádico fue analizado utilizando las técnicas histológicas usuales. Las fases del desarrollo fueron categorizadas en cinco estadios: indiferenciación, gametogénesis, madurez, desove y postdesove. Tanto las hembras como los machos presentaron las mismas fases. El desove de la población fue continuo durante cuatro meses en 1988 (junio a septiembre) y al menos durante seis meses en 1989 (abril a septiembre). Ambos años con un máximo de actividad reproductora en agosto. ABSTRACT Adult clams Chione califomiensis (Broderip, 1835) were sampled monthly between May 1988 and September 1989, from intertidal populations in Puerto San Carlos, Bahía Magdalena, Baja California Sur. Gonadal development was monitored using standard histological methods. Observed gametogenic progression was categorized by five stages: inactive, gametogenesis, ripe, spawning and spent. Both male and female clams displayed the same stages. Spawning in the population occurred continuously for four months in 1988 (June to September) and for six months in 1989 (April to September), both years with a peak of spawning activity in August. INTRODUCCION INTRODUCTION La almeja roñosa, Chione califomiensis The clam Chione califomiensis (Bro- (Broderip, 1835), es una especie que se puede derip, 1835) is a potential fishery and culture considerar como recurso potencial, pesquero y resource (Baqueiro, 1987). In Baja California de cultivo (Baqueiro, 1987). En B.C.S., se Sur, C. gnidia, C. undatella and C. cali- capturan comercialmente, Ch. gnidia’, Ch. fomiensis are caught commercially (Holguín, undatella y Ch. califomiensis (Holguín, 1976; 1976; Baqueiro and Guajardo, 1984). The last Baqueiro y Guajardo, 1984). Estas dos últi- two species constitute a traditional fishery mas especies constituyen una pesquería tradi- along the the coast of the Gulf of California, *Becario de la Comisión de Operación y Fomento de Actividades Académicas del IPN. 15 Ciencias Marinas, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1993 cional en las costas del Golfo de California, and are mainly consumed locally (Baqueiro, cuyo consumo es principalmente local (Ba- 1989). In Bahía Magdalena it is the most queiro, 1989). En Bahía Magdalena es la abundant clam in the intertidal zone, occur- almeja más abundante de la zona entre ring in densíties of 200 ind/m* at some places mareas; en algunos lugares de Puerto San in Puerto San Carlos (personal observation). Carlos presenta densidades de 200 ind/m* The reproductive cycle in clams of the (observación personal). family Veneridae has been studied using Para el estudio de los ciclos de repro- smears of gonadal fragments in Cyclinella ducción de almejas de la familia Veneridae, se tenuis (Wright and Moore, 1970) and Dosinia han utilizado frotis de fragmentos de gónadas elegans (Moore and López, 1970) or histologi- en Cyclinella tenuis (Wright y Moore, 1970) y cal methods, that have allowed more accurate Dosinia elegans (Moore y López, 1970) o knowledge of the gonadal cycle in Cyprina métodos histológicos, que permiten conocer islandica (Loosanoff, 1953), Venerupis japoni- con más precisión el ciclo gonádico-en Cyprina ca (Holland and Chew, 1974), Ameghinomya islandica (Loosanoff, 1953), Venerupis japoni- antiqua (Verdinelli and Schuldt, 1976), Venus ca (Holland y Chew, 1974), Ameghinomya striatula (Ansell, 1961), Megapitaria aurantia- arrtiqua (Verdinelli y Schuldt, 1976), Venus ca, M. squalida, Dosinia ponderosa (Baqueiro striatula (Ansell, 1961), Megapitatia aurantia- and Stuardo, 1977), Venus antiqua (Lozada ca, M. squalida, Dosinia ponderosa (Baqueiro and Bustos, 1984), Callista chione (Valli et al., y Stuardo, 1977), Venus antiqua (Lozada y 1984), Mercenaria mercenaria (Eversole et al., Bustos, 1984), Callista chione (Valli et al., 1980; Manzi et al., 1985). 1984), Mercenatia mercenatia (Eversole et al., Reproduction in Chione has been 1980; Manzi et al., 1985). studied using smears in C. cancellata from En Chione se han efectuado estudios Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA (Moore and sobre la reproducción utilizando frotis, en Ch. López, 1969, 1975) and histological tech- cancellata en Bahía Biscayne, Florida, E.U.A., niques in C. fluctifraga from La Cruz estuary, (Moore y López, 1969, 1975) y técnicas Sonora, Mexico (Martínez-Córdova, 1988), in histológicas en Ch. &ct@aga en el estero La C. undatella from Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S. Cruz, Sonora, México (Martínez-Córdova, (Baqueiro and Masso, 1988) and in C. cali- 1988), en Ch. undatella en la Bahía de La Paz, fomiensis from the inlet of La Paz, B.C.S., B.C.S., México (Baqueiro y Masso, 1988) y en Mexico (García-Domínguez and Pérez, 1991). Ch. califomiensis, en La Ensenada de La Paz, This study was carried out to determine, using B.C.S., México (García-Domínguez y Pérez, histological methods, the reproductive Cycle of 1991). El presente estudio fue efectuado para a native adult population of C. californiensis conocer, por métodos histológicos, el ciclo de in Bahía Magdalena, B.C.S., in relation to reproducción de la población silvestre adulta temperature. de Ch. califomiensis en Bahía Magdalena, B.C.S., en relación con la temperatura.’ MATERIAL AND METHODS MATERIALES Y METODOS Thirty adult specimens (greater than JO mm in length) were collected monthly Entre mayo de 1988 y septiembre de between May 1988 and September 1989 from a 1989 se recolectaron mensualmente 30 ejem- clam population in Puerto San Carlos, Bahía plares adultos (mayores de 40 mm de longi- Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Fig. 1). For tud) de una población de almejas situada en the histological study of the gonad, the Puerto San Carlos, Bahía Magdalena, B.C.S. visceral mass was removed from each clam, (Fig. 1). Para el estudio histológico de la including foot and mantle, and fixed in neutral gónada se removió la masa visceral dc cada formol (lo%), dehydrated in alcohol and almeja, incluyendo pie y manto, los que fueron embedded in paraffin (Humason, 1979). Sec- fijados en formol neutro al lo%, se tions, 9-rm thick, were obtained in a fronto- deshidrataron con alcohol y se incluyeron en dorsal plane to cut the thickest part of the parafina (Humason, 1979). Se obtuvieron gonad, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. cortes de 9 orn de grosor en un plano fron- This method was adopted after verifying, in 30 to-dorsal para seccionar la porción más gruesa specimens, that gonadal maturity was uniform de la gónada y se tiñeron con hematoxili- in different parts of the gonad. 16 García Domínguez et al.: Ciclo reproductivo de la almeja roñosa, Chione califomiensis 20' 10' 25’ kea amplificada 50' 40' Puerto San Carlos 30’ 20’ OCEANO PACIFICO Figura 1. Mapa de la localidad de recolección (Puerto San Carlos, B.C.S.). Figure 1. Map of the sampling area (Puerto San Carlos, B.C.S.). na-eosina. Este método se adoptó después de To determine the condition of gameto- constatar, en 30 ejemplares, que la madurez genic activity during the study period, the gonadal es uniforme en diferentes partes de la relative frequency of the gonadal developmen- gónada. tal stages was obtained. These phases of the Para conocer el estado de actividad gonadal cycle were categorized by arbitrarily gametogénica durante la época de estudio, se defining five stages of the structure of the obtuvo la frecuencia relativa de las fases de gonad, according to Baqueiro y Stuardo madurez gonádica. Dichas fases del ciclo (1977): inactive, gametogenesis, ripe, spawning gonádico se describieronutilizando cinco esta- (expulsion of gametes) and spent. The period dios definidos arbitrariamente, tomando en of reproduction was defined as the time when cuenta la estructura de la gónada, de acuerdo the clams were spawning. Surface water tem- con el criterio de Baqueiro y Stuardo (1977): perature was recorded coincidentally with the indiferenciación, gametogénesis, madurez, de- biological sampling. 17 Ciencias Marinas, Val. 19, No. 1, 1993 sove (expulsión de gametos) y postdesove. RESLJLTS Como época de reproducción se consideró el periodo en que se presentaron almejas en fase de desove. Junto con el muestreo biológico se Morphological evidente of hermaphro- registró la temperatura superficial del agua. ditism was not observed. Of the total of organisms sampled, 0.5% of the individuals RESULTADOS could not be sexed due to the presente of sporocysts of an unidentified trematode. Of No se observaron evidencias morfológi- the specimens whose sex was determined, cas de hermafroditismo. El 0.5% de todos los 59.3% were males and 40.7% females. The organismos muestreados fueron individuos histological characteristics of the gonad for asexuados por la presencia de esporocistos de each stage of the gonadal cycle in C. cali- un tremátodo no identificado. De los ejem- fomiensis are described below. plares cuyo sexo fue posible definir, el 59.3% fueron machos y el 40.7% hembras. Las Inactive: Characterized by the total absence of caracteristicas histológicas de la gónada deter- follicles and gametes, so that sex cannot be minadas para cada una de las fases del ciclo determined. The conjunctive tissue occupies gonádico de Ch. califomiensis se describen a al1 the space between the liver, digestive tract continuación. and mantle. Indiferenciación: Se caracteriza por la ausencia Gametogenesis: Follicles, in different stages of total de folículos y de gametos, por lo que no development, are found among the conjunc- es posible determinar el sexo.
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