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Usability Test Report The Canon Ae-1 Usability Test for ADN 200 Claire Tracy "1 Justification The other day a friend came to me for camera advice since she is interested in film photography. She had no clue how to use her camera and the function of each knob or number. This gave me inspiration for my pilot test. I do not want my friends wasting a roll of film when they are not familiar with the design. So, for my pilot test I will be testing students interactions with a film camera, specifically a Canon Ae-1 from the 1970’s. Film photography is making a big comeback in the art world. B&H Photo states on their blog “According to reliable estimates, sales figures for black-and-white film have been increasing by roughly 5% per year over the last few years, and film photography is experiencing a genuine renaissance. Sales (and prices) of new and used analog cameras, as well as processing, scanning, and printing services, have all been on the upswing over the last two years. And while film will never again be the dominant medium, analog photography is likely to continue as a robust niche for the foreseeable future. Good signs for film’s future: About a third of new film shooters are younger than 35, and roughly 60% of film users say they started shooting film in the last five years.” Almost all students, and people under the age of 35, have never used a film camera before and began learning photography with a digital point-and-shoot camera. Norman says “the di$culties reside in their design not in the people attempting to use them” with proper education on film photography and getting to know your camera the design has all functions needed! Nowadays we have the new iPhones that have amazing camera abilities, but nothing compares to the magic of using a film camera. The sales of film have grown extensively over the past few years as more photographers have been experimenting with film again. Ilford photo, a large film photography supply company, said in 2014 that “support for traditional film is growing,”, especially in younger artists. PetaPixel, a photography blog, stated “many "2 people are still entering the world of film photography for the first time, even as film developing labs are closing and popular film stocks are being discontinued.” There is more artistic control when using film. As stated by B&H Photo, “Shooting film is attractive for many reasons: it provides a direct connection to the great images of the past; it requires more hands-on involvement and forethought than digital photography; it produces a physical end product (a negative, a print, a transparency) rather than an image file stored on a hard drive or a memory card; and above all, film images have character, that distinctive look and feel that can be simulated, but never quite duplicated, using digital film-emulation apps.” There is also an extensive process of shooting, developing, and printing film photos but for this test I just want to focus on the student’s ability to interact with the camera and create an image. ! The Test I want to learn why film went out of style so quickly and why photographers wont try to add film to their skill set because it is labeled or deemed as “too hard”. What parts of the process made it so di$cult for people? Is it the design, or are people not willing to learn? My study participants will be handed a film camera (already loaded with film so all the beforehand tasks are done for them) and will be asked to take a picture using what they know or assume when seeing the camera. First they will describe where and what the shutter speed, focus ring, aperture, lever, and shutter do. I will then ask them to use their knowledge to take a picture. After taking the picture we will discuss their choices, they will take a post test and finally ask any questions they might have.! Pre Test ! 1. Have you ever used a camera before? If so what kinds?! 2. Have you ever been interested in film photography?! 3. Do you think it is easier or harder than digital photography?! "3 Test ! 1.The shutter speed ! 2. The focus ring ! 3. The aperture ! 4. The lever ! 5. The shutter button ! Point them out on the camera!! Post Test ! 1. What did you struggle the most with? ! 2. Do you think it is harder or easier than digital photography? ! 3. What helped you understand what everything was? % 4. Do you want to try film photography now?% Illustrations from the Canon AE-1 manual ! "4 I used three college age students who have used some type of camera before and have an interest in learning new things or photography in general. This was a common demographic. Each user had a newer iPhone and enjoyed taking pictures. One user had previously used a newer camera with settings the same as a film camera but they stated they never set the setting they just used automatic settings. This demographic was intentional since they are the type of people just now getting into film. I used three people, Concetta, Katie and Michael. Concetta has had no prior film experience but has used many di'erent cameras! She has used Kodak cameras, Polaroids, Nikons, and GoPros. Katie has only used her iPhone camera and disposable cameras as a kid. As for Michael he has only used a go pro and a digital canon camera.! First of all to gather information I had my participants fill out a pre test, outlined above, before taking a picture. During the actual test I had my participants talk out loud and describe the camera to me. I asked where everything was and if my participant was not quite sure i’d ask leading questions for them to figure it out themselves without asking me. All while I videotaped the process to look back and see what they said and notice their facial expressions. I wanted to also see where everyone had trouble and had to continue to feel a certain part of the camera before moving forward. ! Illustrations from the Canon AE-1 manual ! "5 ! Connection to Norman Reading Usability is significant to design because it is how we the user interact with a product. This is the basis of Don Norman’s The Design of Everyday Things. This book has helped guide designers and businesses into the process of usability. Canon knew their original camera had a usability problem, they realize all their cameras do or else we wouldn't be getting new models almost every year. As for the film camera as new technology came out, canon switched to an automatic film camera before going full digital.There has always and always will be a demand for the next best thing (chapter 7) so when the film camera came out it certainly was the best product canon produced at the time, but according to Norman they probably didn’t take as much time as they should have to create the best product for usability. But their is a fine line to meet in order to have the best product on the market on time and one that works. As time as passed cameras have gotten much easier to use but many people still go back to the old school film cameras, hence why I studied it for my test. Norman defines a'ordances as clues for the user to connect and use a product. The canon Ae-1 has a few a'ordances that connected with my usability test; the A on the aperture ring, the shutter would not go down if the lever wasn’t pulled (feedback) and how the picture would be blurry without focusing (also a visual cue). There were also visual cues, which Norman defines as a signal for something when interacting with a product. In my usability test there are no other visual cues besides the numbers on the camera since everything is automatic. After the test I realized that this is a flaw in the design. Of the camera. After playing around with the camera and getting a feel for each button and or knob were the users able to make "6 sense of the system. Norman states “The di$culties [in a product] reside in their design, not in the people attempting to use them.” (39) My subject, Concetta, got mad at herself when she realized after the test that she did not set the shutter speed before taking her picture. There was no way for the product to tell her or remind her to se the shutter speed since it is all manual. This doesn’t mean a picture will not turn out it just means it wont have the exposure she wanted. Now in the latter model of Canon’s film camera. ! Outcomes: Katie Michael Concetta Start Finish "7 Michael took three minutes and forty seconds. Michael knew exactly what and where the shutter speed was, he mistook the focal ring for the zoom (there is no zoom on this camera). He looked back on his test and asked me if he had done everything right before taking the picture. He was the most serious about the test. He went through each task carefully but did go back to make sure he did everything correctly. After realizing there was no zoom Michael quickly realized that the lens was for focus. Concetta took seven minutes and seven seconds to complete the test.
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