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Taiwan Hebdo Hebdomadario De La Política Taiwanesa TAIWAN HEBDO HEBDOMADARIO DE LA POLÍTICA TAIWANESA Nº 17/2017 * Semana del 17 al 23 de Abril de 2017 [email protected] 1) Informe 2) Observaciones de contexto 3) Datos relevantes 4) Nombres relevantes 1. Informe El anuncio de que el Yuan Legislativo y el Comité de Asuntos Legales revisarían el proyecto de la reforma del sistema de jubilación y pensiones desató la caja de los truenos. Pese a los intentos del gobierno y sus portavoces de calmar la ira de ciertos colectivos recordando tanto el esfuerzo de diálogo público llevado a cabo en los meses precedentes como los datos que apuntan a la insostenibilidad del sistema, las vallas de contención instaladas en las inmediaciones del Parlamento apuntaban a una inevitable confrontación. 1 La revisión legislativa atrajo una nueva ola de manifestaciones de grupos cívicos compuestos, principalmente, por funcionarios públicos, maestros y personal militar. Unos 2.000 oficiales de policía fueron desplegados pero ni así se evitó el desbordamiento de la protesta. Tras acampar en la zona, los manifestantes bloquearon la entrada a los diputados con enfrentamientos esporádicos con las fuerzas del orden. La presidenta Tsai Ing-wen quiso agradecer el sacrificio de los pensionistas ya que representa la “única posibilidad” de que el sistema pueda tener una salida. La Oficina Presidencial recordó que el ex presidente Ma Yng-jeou también trató de realizar la reforma pero sin éxito. El primer ministro Lin Chuan dijo que el objetivo de la reforma es lograr un funcionamiento sostenible del sistema y la racionalización de la carga intergeneracional. Finalmente, el Yuan Legislativo, a propuesta del KMT, decidió abrir dos nuevas audiencias públicas (a celebrar los días 26 y 27 de abril) para explicar y discutir la reforma. A la vista del cariz violento de la protesta no faltó la comparación con la llevada a cabo por los estudiantes en 2014 (Movimiento Girasol). Mientras unos la rechazaron, otros recordaron que tampoco aquella fue “legal o pacífica”. El pasado 31 de marzo fueron absueltos los acusados de haber invadido entonces el parlamento con el argumento de que se trató de una expresión de “desobediencia civil”. Entonces, el acuerdo de servicios con China continental se presentaba como la cura para los problemas económicos de Taiwán; ahora la reforma de las pensiones se presenta como la única posibilidad de que las diferentes generaciones puedan llegar beneficiarse de ellas. 2. Observaciones de contexto. ▪ Confirmados los seis aspirantes que competirán el 20 de Mayo por la presidencia del KMT: Hung Hsiu-chu, Hau Lung-bin, Wu Den-yih, Steve Chan, Pan Wei-kang y Han Kuo-yu. Todos pasaron el umbral del 3 por ciento de las firmas requeridas pero numerosas irregularidades provocaron el rechazo de un importante número de avales presentados. En el caso de Hau, por ejemplo, solo el 24 por ciento de los 2 presentados. Varios concejales del KMT en Taipéi lanzaron un “grupo de vigilancia de las elecciones presidenciales del KMT”. ▪ La comisión de Economía del Yuan Legislativo celebró su cuarta audiencia pública sobre el Plan de Infraestructuras Básicas para el Futuro, en concreto sobre el plan ferroviario. El ministro de Transporte, Hochen Tan, destacó que el desarrollo del transporte público es la estrategia más efectiva para el desarrollo urbano. ▪ El Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología presentó un plan para reclutar talento taiwanés que ha vuelto del extranjero con el objetivo de estimular la industria tecnológica nacional. Otro proyecto trata de reclutar profesionales internacionales relajando las regulaciones al respecto. ▪ La presidenta del Consejo para los Asuntos de China Continental, Katharine Chang, aseguró que el nombre de Taiwán en competiciones deportivas internacionales sigue siendo “Chinese-Taipei”. Chang señaló que Taiwán no puede aceptar la degradación de su nombre. ▪ El ministro de Relaciones exteriores, David Lee, indicó que China continental sigue siendo el “principal e inevitable desafío” al que se enfrenta el Gobierno para dar impulso a la Nueva Política hacia el Sur. Muchos de los países involucrados están preocupados por la actitud y posición de Beijing y algunos incluso han limitado su interacción con Taiwán. ▪ El Gobierno creó el Centro Halal de Taiwán como parte de los esfuerzos para ayudar a las empresas a acceder a los potenciales mercados musulmanes de todo el mundo. El 60 por ciento de los 1.600 millones de musulmanes viven en los países de ASEAN. ▪ Taiwán confirmó que donará equipos de desminado por valor de US$500.000 a la coalición internacional contra el llamado Estado Islámico. Taipéi participa en dicha coalición en el área de asistencia humanitaria. ▪ El Ministerio de Defensa confirmó la orden dada a la Guardia Costera para reforzar sus defensas en el mar de China meridional ante la incesante actividad militar de los países vecinos en la zona. 3 3. Datos relevantes ▪ Según el Taiwan Thinktank, el 74,5 por ciento de los taiwaneses creen que Taiwán es un estado independiente y soberano; casi el 80 por ciento está a favor del statu quo y solo un 3,2 por ciento se identifican como “chinos”. ▪ Diversas encuestas recientes, en especial la llevada a cabo por Cathay Financial Holding Co., revelan que la confianza en la economía taiwanesa sigue mejorando. Según el Ministerio de Economía, el PIB de Taiwán en 2017 crecerá más del 2 por ciento. ▪ Taiwán aumentará los recargos sobre el diesel y la gasolina para finales de este año a fin de colectar un fondo para acelerar la eliminación de camiones diesel más viejos, una de las mayores fuentes de contaminación del aire en la isla. ▪ Los precios medios de la vivienda fueron 9,35 veces el ingreso general en Taiwán en el tercer trimestre del año pasado, el porcentaje más alto en la historia. Cada mes, casi el 40 por ciento del ingreso disponible de los taiwaneses se destinó al pago hipotecario. ▪ China continental sigue siendo el principal destino de los taiwaneses que buscan empleo fuera de la isla: el 58 por ciento en 2015. ▪ De las 3.252 personas que en 2016 obtuvieron la nacionalidad taiwanesa, la mayoría fueron mujeres y procedentes de Vietnam. ▪ El número de estudiantes taiwaneses que aplazan su graduación aumentó en 2016 un 1,4 por ciento con respecto a 2015 y un 6,6 por ciento con respecto al año 2012. 4. Nombres relevantes ▪ Chen Lien-hua, una de las tres conocidas sobrevivientes “mujeres de consuelo”, falleció a la edad de 93 años. ▪ Finalmente, el disidente chino Zhang Xiangzhong regresó voluntariamente al continente sin consumar su demanda de petición de asilo político en Taiwán. 4 ▪ El ex vicepresidente Wu Den-yih, inmerso en la carrera por la presidencia del KMT, descalificó las acusaciones de soborno dirigidas contra él por el también candidato Steve Chan. ▪ Lee Hsi-ming, fue nombrado nuevo viceministro de Defensa Nacional en el marco de una amplia reorganización de la cúpula de defensa. ▪ Gong Qinggai, subdirector de la Oficina de Taiwán del Comité Central del PCCh y del Consejo de Estado, fue condenado a 15 años de prisión por aceptar sobornos. 5 .
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