DOCSLIB.ORG

Open Dissertation.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Communications CARL McINTIRE AND HIS CRUSADE AGAINST THE FAIRNESS DOCTRINE A Dissertation in Mass Communications by Patrick Farabaugh © 2010 Patrick Farabaugh Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2010 The dissertation of Patrick Farabaugh was reviewed and approved by the following: Russell Frank Associate Professor of Communications Dissertation Adviser Chair of Committee Errol Henderson Associate Professor of Political Science Patrick Parsons Associate Professor of Communications Ford Risley Associate Professor of Communications Head of Department of Journalism John Nichols Professor of Communications Associate Dean for Graduate Studies and Research *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. ii ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the role that fundamentalist radio commentator Carl McIntire and his station, WXUR, played in the demise of the Fairness Doctrine. McIntire’s “crusade” against the Federal Communications Commission and the Fairness Doctrine brought national attention to the doctrine. This attention influenced the FCC, and in 1987, the Commission repealed this regulatory policy. WXUR is the only radio or television station in American history to be denied license renewal by the FCC as a direct result of Fairness Doctrine violations. This dissertation argues that McIntire and WXUR are underappreciated factors that contributed to the demise of the doctrine. Introduced in 1959 when Congress amended the 1934 Communications Act, the doctrine required radio and television stations to meet two requirements: (1) devote a reasonable percentage of broadcast time to discussions of issues of public importance within the community the licensee served, and (2) design and provide programs so that the public had a reasonable opportunity to hear different and opposing views and arguments on the public issues of interest within that community. In 1970, 17 years before the Fairness Doctrine’s demise, McIntire and WXUR were denied license renewal by the FCC and forced off the air because the station, according to the Commission, did not make reasonable efforts to comply with the doctrine. Despite their historical significance with regards to the Fairness Doctrine, McIntire and WXUR have been largely ignored by media studies scholars. While volumes of research related to the Fairness Doctrine have been produced by media studies scholars, few academics outside of religious studies have explored the fascinating career of Carl McIntire. And no one has provided a detailed account of McIntire and WXUR’s role in the eventual repeal of the Fairness Doctrine. This dissertation addresses this oversight. McIntire and WXUR must be recognized for their role in the history of governmental regulation of speech in the United States. McIntire launched a national crusade against the Fairness Doctrine, using his radio station, WXUR - a station licensed by the FCC and obligated to meet the Commission’s fairness requirements – as the primary tool in his campaign. His crusade against the doctrine influenced the opinions of lawmakers, policymakers, the courts and the American public regarding the FCC’s fairness rules. In his campaign, which he conducted iii through the 1960s and early 1970s, McIntire wasted no opportunity to expose the problems he perceived with the Fairness Doctrine. He blazed a path for another campaign against the doctrine, one conducted by the Freedom of Expression Foundation during the 1980s. The Freedom of Expression Foundation employed strategies similar to those utilized by McIntire in an effort to press lawmakers and the FCC to re-examine the “fairness” of the Fairness Doctrine. Ultimately, the FCC abandoned this regulatory policy in 1987. McIntire’s legacy in American broadcasting, however, did not end when the FCC suspended its fairness requirements. The Fairness Doctrine’s demise has contributed to a resurgence of politically conservative commentary on America’s radio airwaves in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Today, the nation’s talk radio stations are dominated by politically conservative commentators, thanks, at least in part, to the path cleared by McIntire decades earlier. This dissertation seeks to increase our understanding of McIntire and WXUR and their underappreciated contribution in shaping not only communication policy in the United States, but also America’s contemporary talk radio landscape. Research for the study draws from an on- line collection of radio broadcasts and sermons by McIntire; The Christian Beacon, a weekly publication McIntire launched in 1936 to complement his radio broadcasts; books McIntire authored; FCC records and various legal cases and related regulatory proceedings; and a number of contemporary periodicals. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................ix-x Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2. EXISTING LITERATURE ABOUT CARL McINTIRE................................... 9 Carl McIntire the Ultrafundamentalist.............................................................................. 9 Carl McIntire the Radio Broadcaster .............................................................................. 14 Chapter 3. ROOTS OF THE FAIRNESS DOCTRINE....................................................... 21 National Radio Conferences ........................................................................................... 21 Radio Act of 1927........................................................................................................... 23 Communications Act of 1934 ......................................................................................... 24 Early Cases Regarding Fairness...................................................................................... 25 Amending the 1934 Communications Act...................................................................... 28 Red Lion Versus the FCC............................................................................................... 30 Chapter 4. FROM FATHER COUGHLIN TO THE REVEREND CARL: McINTIRE’S RIGHT-WING RADIO FOREFATHERS............................. 32 Charles Coughlin ............................................................................................................ 32 Fulton Lewis Jr. .............................................................................................................. 34 Boake Carter ................................................................................................................... 36 Upton Close .................................................................................................................... 38 Billy James Hargis .......................................................................................................... 39 Chapter 5. CARL McINTIRE: COMMITTED TO THE CAUSE .................................... 42 Early Years...................................................................................................................... 42 Fundamentalists Versus Modernists ............................................................................... 43 Blazing the Path of Ultrafundamentalism....................................................................... 46 Anti-Communist Crusader.............................................................................................. 50 Chapter 6. TURNING TO RADIO ........................................................................................ 56 The Twentieth Century Reformation Hour ..................................................................... 56 McIntire Versus Democratic National Committee ......................................................... 60 FCC Releases Fairness Primer........................................................................................ 62 v Chapter 7. WXUR LICENSE TRANSFER........................................................................... 65 Opposition to License Transfer....................................................................................... 65 Support for License Transfer .......................................................................................... 67 Fairness Philosophies of Commissioners Henry Hyde and Lee Loevinger.................... 71 Chapter 8. NEW STATION, SAME PROBLEMS............................................................... 76 McIntire Versus Catholic Church ................................................................................... 76 McIntire Versus Organized Labor .................................................................................. 78 Diversity or Demagoguery?............................................................................................ 79 Chapter 9. TAKING NOTICE AND EXCEPTION............................................................. 86 McIntire Versus Media Borough Council....................................................................... 86 McIntire Versus Pennsylvania House of Representatives .............................................. 88 McIntire Versus New Jersey Legislature........................................................................ 94 FCC Broadcast Bureau Surveys WXUR’s Programming .............................................. 96 Chapter 10. IRION HEARING AND CODIFICATION OF DOCTRINE.......................
Recommended publications
  • Tearing out the Income Tax by the (Grass)Roots

    Tearing out the Income Tax by the (Grass)Roots

    FLORIDA TAX REVIEW Volume 15 2014 Number 8 TEARING OUT THE INCOME TAX BY THE (GRASS)ROOTS by Lawrence Zelenak* Rich People’s Movements: Grassroots Campaigns to Untax the One Percent. By Isaac William Martin New York: Oxford University Press. 2013. I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 649 II. A CENTURY OF RICH PEOPLE’S ANTI-TAX MOVEMENTS ......... 651 III. EXPLAINING THE SUPPORT OF THE NON-RICH .......................... 656 IV. BUT WHAT ABOUT THE FLAT TAX AND THE FAIRTAX? ............ 661 V. THE RHETORIC OF RICH PEOPLE’S ANTI-TAX MOVEMENTS: PARANOID AND NON-PARANOID STYLES .................................... 665 VI. CONCLUSION ................................................................................. 672 I. INTRODUCTION Why do rich people seeking reductions in their tax burdens, who have the ability to influence Congress directly through lobbying and campaign contributions, sometimes resort to grassroots populist methods? And why do non-rich people sometimes join the rich in their anti-tax movements? These are the puzzles Isaac William Martin sets out to solve in Rich People’s Movements.1 Martin’s historical research—much of it based on original sources to which scholars have previously paid little or no attention—reveals that, far from being a recent innovation, populist-style movements against progressive federal taxation go back nearly a century, to the 1920s. Although Martin identifies various anti-tax movements throughout the past century, he strikingly concludes that there has been “substantial continuity from one campaign to the next, so that, in some * Pamela B. Gann Professor of Law, Duke Law School. 1. ISAAC WILLIAM MARTIN, RICH PEOPLE’S MOVEMENTS: GRASSROOTS CAMPAIGNS TO UNTAX THE ONE PERCENT (2013) [hereinafter MARTIN, RICH PEOPLE’S MOVEMENTS].
  • SAY NO to the LIBERAL MEDIA: CONSERVATIVES and CRITICISM of the NEWS MEDIA in the 1970S William Gillis Submitted to the Faculty

    SAY NO to the LIBERAL MEDIA: CONSERVATIVES and CRITICISM of the NEWS MEDIA in the 1970S William Gillis Submitted to the Faculty

    SAY NO TO THE LIBERAL MEDIA: CONSERVATIVES AND CRITICISM OF THE NEWS MEDIA IN THE 1970S William Gillis Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Journalism, Indiana University June 2013 ii Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Doctoral Committee David Paul Nord, Ph.D. Mike Conway, Ph.D. Tony Fargo, Ph.D. Khalil Muhammad, Ph.D. May 10, 2013 iii Copyright © 2013 William Gillis iv Acknowledgments I would like to thank the helpful staff members at the Brigham Young University Harold B. Lee Library, the Detroit Public Library, Indiana University Libraries, the University of Kansas Kenneth Spencer Research Library, the University of Louisville Archives and Records Center, the University of Michigan Bentley Historical Library, the Wayne State University Walter P. Reuther Library, and the West Virginia State Archives and History Library. Since 2010 I have been employed as an editorial assistant at the Journal of American History, and I want to thank everyone at the Journal and the Organization of American Historians. I thank the following friends and colleagues: Jacob Groshek, Andrew J. Huebner, Michael Kapellas, Gerry Lanosga, J. Michael Lyons, Beth Marsh, Kevin Marsh, Eric Petenbrink, Sarah Rowley, and Cynthia Yaudes. I also thank the members of my dissertation committee: Mike Conway, Tony Fargo, and Khalil Muhammad. Simply put, my adviser and dissertation chair David Paul Nord has been great. Thanks, Dave. I would also like to thank my family, especially my parents, who have provided me with so much support in so many ways over the years.
  • 27682 Text.Indd

    27682 Text.Indd

    FairTax: The Truth Answering the Critics NNEALEAL BBOORTZOORTZ & CONGRESSMAN JOHN LINDER WITH ROB WOODALL 2276827682 TText.inddext.indd iiiiii 112/21/072/21/07 33:35:43:35:43 PPMM This book is dedicated to the millions of individuals and businessmen who labor daily trying to cope with our current punishing tax code and who long for relief. We also dedicate this book to the critics of the FairTax. Set your agendas aside, approach with an open mind, and you will become FairTax supporters. As for the thousands of people inside the D.C. Beltway who make their livings gaming the current tax code, we hope one day to force you to seek another more honest line of work. 2276827682 TText.inddext.indd v 112/21/072/21/07 33:35:44:35:44 PPMM PREFACE: THE BIRTH OF A MOVEMENT ou know how these conversations get started. You and Ya few friends start talking about how to make the world a better place. Most likely, something—good or bad— has happened recently to precipitate it. Maybe one of you has had a stroke of good fortune: a job, a successful new business venture, a wedding or birth in the family. Maybe one of you has witnessed a tragedy and found a new grate- fulness for what you have. Maybe you’ve just received a big hug from your spouse and kids, and you just have that “all’s right in the world” feeling you want to share. However it starts, this kind of conversation: How can we spread the feeling? How can we make things better for others, the way they’ve been going for us?—can last for hours.
  • Who Pays Soundexchange: Q1 - Q3 2017

    Who Pays Soundexchange: Q1 - Q3 2017

    Payments received through 09/30/2017 Who Pays SoundExchange: Q1 - Q3 2017 Entity Name License Type ACTIVAIRE.COM BES AMBIANCERADIO.COM BES AURA MULTIMEDIA CORPORATION BES CLOUDCOVERMUSIC.COM BES COROHEALTH.COM BES CUSTOMCHANNELS.NET (BES) BES DMX MUSIC BES ELEVATEDMUSICSERVICES.COM BES GRAYV.COM BES INSTOREAUDIONETWORK.COM BES IT'S NEVER 2 LATE BES JUKEBOXY BES MANAGEDMEDIA.COM BES MEDIATRENDS.BIZ BES MIXHITS.COM BES MTI Digital Inc - MTIDIGITAL.BIZ BES MUSIC CHOICE BES MUSIC MAESTRO BES MUZAK.COM BES PRIVATE LABEL RADIO BES RFC MEDIA - BES BES RISE RADIO BES ROCKBOT, INC. BES SIRIUS XM RADIO, INC BES SOUND-MACHINE.COM BES STARTLE INTERNATIONAL INC. BES Stingray Business BES Stingray Music USA BES STORESTREAMS.COM BES STUDIOSTREAM.COM BES TARGET MEDIA CENTRAL INC BES Thales InFlyt Experience BES UMIXMEDIA.COM BES SIRIUS XM RADIO, INC CABSAT Stingray Music USA CABSAT MUSIC CHOICE PES MUZAK.COM PES SIRIUS XM RADIO, INC SDARS 181.FM Webcasting 3ABNRADIO (Christian Music) Webcasting 3ABNRADIO (Religious) Webcasting 8TRACKS.COM Webcasting 903 NETWORK RADIO Webcasting A-1 COMMUNICATIONS Webcasting ABERCROMBIE.COM Webcasting ABUNDANT RADIO Webcasting ACAVILLE.COM Webcasting *SoundExchange accepts and distributes payments without confirming eligibility or compliance under Sections 112 or 114 of the Copyright Act, and it does not waive the rights of artists or copyright owners that receive such payments. Payments received through 09/30/2017 ACCURADIO.COM Webcasting ACRN.COM Webcasting AD ASTRA RADIO Webcasting ADAMS RADIO GROUP Webcasting ADDICTEDTORADIO.COM Webcasting ADORATION Webcasting AGM BAKERSFIELD Webcasting AGM CALIFORNIA - SAN LUIS OBISPO Webcasting AGM NEVADA, LLC Webcasting AGM SANTA MARIA, L.P.
  • TIMOTHY TOW MEMORIAL LIBRARY Thanksgiving & Dedication Service Friday, 13 November 2015, 7.15 Pm

    TIMOTHY TOW MEMORIAL LIBRARY Thanksgiving & Dedication Service Friday, 13 November 2015, 7.15 Pm

    TIMOTHY TOW MEMORIAL LIBRARY Thanksgiving & Dedication Service Friday, 13 November 2015, 7.15 pm Order of Service Call to Worship: The Rev Dr Jeffrey Khoo Hymn: “Our God Is a Loving Father” (T Tow; RYF Lee) Invocation & Gloria Patri: The Rev Tan Kian Sing Scripture Reading (2 Samuel 22:1-25): The Rev Dr Prabhudas Koshy “David’s Vow In Distress” (T Tow): FEBC Choir Word of Welcome Sermon: Remembering Our Teachers (Hebrews 13:7-8) The Rev Dr Quek Suan Yew Hymn: “Faith of Our Fathers” (T Tow; HF Hemy) Dedication of the Timothy Tow Memorial Library Dedicatory Prayer: The Rev Stephen Khoo College Anthem (T Tow; MD Buell) Benediction: The Rev Dr Koa Keng Woo Ribbon cutting by Matron Ivy Tow follows immediately at the Timothy Tow Memorial Library. All are welcome to tour the newly renovated premises of Far Eastern Bible College, 9, 9A, 10 Gilstead Road. Timothy Tow Memorial Library The Far Eastern Bible College (FEBC) Library was originally located at three places: the second storey of the L-extension block beside the Greek/Hebrew classrooms (open library), the second storey of the church sanctuary at the rear balcony (reference library), and the mezzanine floor of the bell tower. The library rooms were small, shelf and study spaces were limited. Providentially, the High Court of Singapore on 27 November 2014 issued a scheme to regulate the use of the premises at 9, 9A and 10 Gilstead Road by Life Bible-Presbyterian Church (LBPC) and FEBC. Since then, the space allotted for FEBC’s exclusive use has undergone extensive renovations.
  • VHF-UHF Digest

    VHF-UHF Digest

    The Magazine for TV and FM DXers August 2015 Brian S. May (CT), Robert Grant (MI), and Steve Rich (IN) DXing digital TV stations from Cincinnati during the WTFDA Convention in Fort Wayne. Farthest catches were Columbus, Lexington, and possibly Cleveland. Photo taken by Ryan Grabow (FL) E-SKIP SEEMS TO TAPER OFF UP NORTH, BUT YOUR VUD EDITOR STILL HEARING IT AS HE EXPORTS THIS PDF FILE GROUP PHOTO FROM CONVENTION ON PAGE 52 The Official Publication of the Worldwide TV-FM DX Association METEOR SHOWERS INSIDE THIS VUD CLICK TO NAVIGATE Delta Aquariids 02 Page Two 25 Coast to Coast TV DX JUL 21 – AUG 23 03 TV News 29 Southern FM DX 11 FM News 33 DX Bulletin Board Perseids 21 DX Bulletin Board 52 WTFDA Convention JUL 13 – AUG 26 22 Photo News THE WORLDWIDE TV-FM DX ASSOCIATION Serving the UHF-VHF Enthusiast THE VHF-UHF DIGEST IS THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE WORLDWIDE TV-FM DX ASSOCIATION DEDICATED TO THE OBSERVATION AND STUDY OF THE PROPAGATION OF LONG DISTANCE TELEVISION AND FM BROADCASTING SIGNALS AT VHF AND UHF. WTFDA IS GOVERNED BY A BOARD OF DIRECTORS: DOUG SMITH, GREG CONIGLIO, KEITH McGINNIS AND MIKE BUGAJ. Editor and publisher: Ryan Grabow Treasurer: Keith McGinnis wtfda.org Webmaster: Tim McVey Forum Site Administrator: Chris Cervantez Editorial Staff: Jeff Kruszka, Keith McGinnis, Fred Nordquist, Nick Langan, Doug Smith, Bill Hale, John Zondlo and Mike Bugaj Website: www.wtfda.org; Forums: http://forums.wtfda.org PAGE TWO The Page You Turn To for News of the WTFDA and the TV/FM DX World Mike Bugaj – [email protected] August 2015 WELL, THAT WAS QUICK We also welcome Paul Snider to the club.
  • Social Checks and Balances: a Private Fairness Doctrine

    Social Checks and Balances: a Private Fairness Doctrine

    ESSAY Social Checks and Balances: A Private Fairness Doctrine Michael P. Vandenbergh∗ This Essay proposes a private standards and certification system to induce media firms to provide more complete and accurate information. It argues that this new private governance system is a viable response to the channelized flow of information that is exacerbating political polarization in the United States. Specifically, this Essay proposes development of a new private fairness doctrine to replace the standard repealed by the Federal Communications Commission in 1987. A broad-based, multistakeholder organization could develop and implement this private fairness doctrine, and the certification process could harness market and social pressure to influence the practices of traditional and new media firms. A growing literature demonstrates how private governance initiatives can perform the functions of government in the environmental, labor, gun control, animal welfare, and fair trade areas. This Essay argues that private governance initiatives such as the new private fairness doctrine can also bolster the social checks and balances that support the processes of democratic governance. Any intervention into the flow of information creates risks, but so does inaction, and the private fairness doctrine holds out the possibility of improving the information available for public discourse while limiting the risks of government intervention. In the long term, the concept of private governance can also stimulate ∗ Professor and David Daniels Allen Distinguished Chair of Law, Vanderbilt University Law School. For helpful comments, I owe thanks to David Adelman, Linda Breggin, Lisa Bressman, Jim Blumstein, Joey Fishkin, Jonathan Gilligan, Jonathan Lipson, Timothy Lytton, Will Martin, Ed Rubin, Ganesh Sitaraman, Kevin Stack, Paul Stern, Rory Van Loo, the Reading Group on Private Regulation, and to workshop participants at Temple University Beasley School of Law, University of Texas School of Law, and Vanderbilt University Law School.
  • Lithe FREE PRESS II

    Lithe FREE PRESS II

    liTHE FREE PRESS II VOL I-No.8 1630 S. Hanover St., Baltimore 30, Md. May 4, 1956 The Meeting in St. Louis "Catholic, Visible Church" The meeting which was held in St. used as pressure against brethren. The The Form of Government of the Louis will go down in the history of the meeting in St. Louis has illustrated just Bible Presbyterian Church, Chapter 2, Bible Presbyterian movement as a tragedy how men, when they are stirred with deep "Of the Church," says, in paragraph 1, and a disgrace to the name of Presbyte­ emotion, can go beyond the protective "Jesus Christ, who is now exalted far rianism. bounds of 'constitutions. History is full of such transgressions. above all principality and power, has 1. erected, in this world, a visible body First, the Synod should be called a Another act of lawlessness had to do which is His Church." "lawless" Synod. This lawlessness was with the Presbytery of New Jersey. A manifest particularly in the adoption of call for a pro re naitil'nutil}g to be held in Paragraph 4 reads, "The Bible Pres­ the resolution against the Committee for St. Louis was issued by the stated clerk Tru~ Presbyterianism. The constitution and sent by him to all the members of the byterian Church declares itself to be a gives no such authority, and this mandate, Presbytery. According to the constitution branch of the catholic visible Church of as it is properly called, parallels in the of the denomination, a request for a pro Christ and further declares its willingness strangest fashion the mandate of the Gen­ re nata meeting must be submitted first to hold Christian fellowship with all to the moderator who is to handle the eral Assembly of the Presbyterian Church other such branches of the Church." in the U.S.A.
  • The Fairness Doctrine Today: a Constitutional Curiosity and an Impossible Dream

    The Fairness Doctrine Today: a Constitutional Curiosity and an Impossible Dream

    COMMENTS THE FAIRNESS DOCTRINE TODAY: A CONSTITUTIONAL CURIOSITY AND AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM THOMAS G. K.RATrENMAKER* AND L. A. POWE, JR.** I. THE FAIRNESS DOCTRINE Immediately following the Supreme Court's opinion in Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC,' which sustained the constitutionality of the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Fairness Doctrine,2 a flurry of articles appeared describing how to apply the doctrine vigor- ously to new and different situations.3 Subsequently, especially after the Court's decision in CBS v. DemocraticNational Committee 4 curtailed ac- cess possibilities, and Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo5 refused to sustain right to reply laws for candidates attacked by the print media, most discussions of the Fairness Doctrine have addressed its constitu- tionality.6 While initially interesting, this debate has grown as predict- ably repetitious and unilluminating as a tenth rerun of "Kojak." Furthermore, the debaters appear to have lost track of what the Fairness Doctrine is and how it works. Our purpose is quite simple. We seek to rectify these oversights and, in the process, demonstrate that the Fairness Doctrine is incoherent and unworkable. We will also demonstrate that the doctrine as it oper- * Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. ** Windfohr Professor of Law, The University of Texas. Several people have reviewed earlier drafts of this article and provided especially helpful criticism. Our thanks to Susan Bloch, Roy Schotland, Michael Seidman, and Girardeau Spann of Georgetown and David Anderson, Douglas Laycock, Richard Markovits, and Mark Yudof of Texas. 1. 395 U.S. 367 (1969). 2. 47 C.F.R. § 73.1910 (1983).
  • The Shepherd Student

    The Shepherd Student

    WRS Journal 12:2 (August 2005): 27-36 THE SHEPHERD STUDENT Earl L. Brown, Jr. Breath of Breath1 says Qoheleth,2 the whole is breath. Not only was Qoheleth wise but he also taught knowledge to the people; he studiously weighed3 and arranged many proverbs. Qoheleth sought to find delightful words,4 and to write true words with precision.5 The words of the sages are like prods, and the collected sayings are like firmly fixed nails; they are given by one shepherd6 Be warned, my son, of anything in addition to them. There is no end to the making of many books, and much study is wearisome to the body.7 Having heard everything, I have reached this conclusion. Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man. For God will evaluate every deed, including every secret thing, whether good or evil. Ecclesiastes 12:8-14 [Brown adaptation of NET Bible8] The text set before us is not only the key to the interpretation of the book, but it accurately coalesces the convergent philosophy of life as a précis of the life of Solomon,9 as it is paraphrased in the lives of Robert Dick Wilson, Allan MacRae, and Robert W. Anderson.10 Life Transitions: From Solomon to Jesus, From David’s Son to David’s Greater Son Solomon was the Old Covenant prototype for the masterful Shepherd Student. Unlike Solomon, however, Jesus learned in his earthly human nature, obedience “through the things which he suffered” (Heb 5:8). It is in this capacity that Christ in the New Covenant provides a superior Shepherd and student (see 1 Pet 2:21).
  • SUMMER 2012 NE Ographyiii

    SUMMER 2012 NE Ographyiii

    “Redeeming the time, because the days are evil” (Ephesians 5:16). W BI iiii VOLUME 4, NUMBER 3 u SUMMER 2012 NE OGRAPHYiii X X McINTIRE: Defender of BY MARK W. EVANS Faith and Freedom hristianity the God of truth. is founded “And judgment is No man on earth or upon truth. devil in hell can de­ turned away backward, Mrs. Nancy God “can­ stroy the truth. The Anderson, Cnot lie” (Titus 1:2). and justice standeth Bible teaches “what author He is the author of afar off: for truth is is” and reveals “what truth, the revealer of is not.” Scriptural truth, and He is the fallen in the street, and truth gives the only truth. Truth comes equity cannot enter.” sure foundation for from God and is Isaiah 59:14 now and eternity. like Him — without The Form of “variableness, nei­ Government of the ther shadow of turn­ Bible Presbyterian ing.” A local radio X Church begins with AN INTERVIEW WITH THE AUTHOR preacher, unpolished a list of “Prelimi­ and plain­spoken, said, “Truth is nary Principles,” dating back to the A word from the Editor … what is; a lie is what is not.” He was beginning of Presbyterianism in our correct. God not only exists, but all or much of the 20th century, the that He is and reveals is true. He is Continued on page 10 Rev. Dr. Carl McIntire stood as a sentinel in defense of Biblical F Christianity. Other than my par­ ents and extended family, no one exerted a greater influence on my life than did Basic Christian Integrity Dr.
  • Contents General Information

    Contents General Information

    Contents General Information ........................... 3 Commonly Asked Questions— Symbols of the College ......................... 3 Student Life .....................................45 Student Rights and Student Activities ................................46 Responsibilities ................................. 3 Office of Student Life .......................... 47 Code of Conduct .................................... 4 International Students ........................48 Harrassment Policy ............................... 4 Overview of Departments ..................... 5 Information Services ........................ 52 School Closings and Class Internet Use Guidelines ......................52 Delays ................................................ 8 Computer/Network Guidelines ..........53 Emergency Phone Numbers ................. 8 Community Standards ...................... 55 Academic Information ........................ 9 Overview of Philosophy for Faculty .................................................... 9 Community Standards ....................55 Commonly Asked Questions— Code of Community Standards ..........55 Registration and Records ...............10 Overview of Conduct Review Academic Procedures .........................10 Process ............................................61 Honor Societies ................................... 17 Sanctions for Violations Academic Conduct .............................. 17 of Regulations .................................64 Facilities and Learning Resources .....19 Drug and Alcohol Abuse Program