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Conflict in Paradise

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Conflict in Paradise WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH CENTRE – DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MSC Thesis CHAIR GROUP Sociology of Development and Change CONFLICT IN PARADISE An Ethnographic Account on the Struggle against Conservation Practices on the Beach Roca Blanca, Mexico 27-5-2016 MSc Programme: Thesis by: Master International Development Studies Noémie Antonia Winkel Specialisation: Supervision by: Sociology of Development and Change Dr. Ir. Pieter de Vries Thesis Code: SDC-80433 CONFLICT IN PARADISE An Ethnographic Account on the Struggle against Conservation Practices on the Beach Roca Blanca By Noémie Winkel 900404962080 Wageningen University and Research Centre – Department of Social Sciences Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Sciences, International Development Studies at the Chair Group Sociology of Development and Change, Wageningen University and Research Centre May 2016 Supervised by Dr. Ir. Pieter de Vries Thesis Code: RDS-80433 (Front Image: The Demolished Fondas on the Beach Roca Blanca, Source: Noémie Winkel) CALLE 13, SUSANA BACA, TOTÓ LA MOMPOSINA, MARIA RITA Latinoamérica Soy, I am Soy lo que dejaron, I am what that they left soy toda la sobra de lo que se robaron. I'm all about what that was stolen. mano de obra campesina para tu consumo A peasant working hand for your consumption Frente de frio en el medio del verano, Cold Front in the middle of summer, el amor en los tiempos del cólera, mi hermano. Love in the Time of Cholera, my brother. (...) Soy lo que me enseño mi padre, (…) I'm what that my father taught me, el que no quiere a su patria Who doesn't love his fatherland no quiere a su madre. don't love his mother. Soy América latina, I'm Latin America, Tú no puedes comprar al viento. You can't buy the wind. Tú no puedes comprar al sol. You can't buy the sun. Tú no puedes comprar la lluvia. You can't buy the rain. Tú no puedes comprar el calor. You can't buy the heat. Tú no puedes comprar las nubes. You can't buy the clouds. Tú no puedes comprar los colores. You can't buy the colors. Tú no puedes comprar mi alegría. You can't buy my happiness. Tú no puedes comprar mis dolores. You can't buy my pains. Tengo los lagos, tengo los ríos. I have the lakes, I have the rivers. Tengo mis dientes pa` cuando me sonrío. I have my teethes for when I smile. (...) Tengo el sol que me seca (…) I have the sun that dries me y la lluvia que me baña. and the rain that wash me (...) Tengo mis pulmones respirando azul clarito. (…)I have my lungs breathing clear blue. (...) Los versos escritos bajo la noche estrellada. The lines written under the starry night. (...) Haciendo rituales de agua bendita. (…) Doing rituals of holy water. El viento que peina mi cabello. The wind that combs my hair. Soy todos los santos que cuelgan de mi cuello. I'm all the saints that hangs from my neck. El jugo de mi lucha no es artificial, The juice of my struggle is not artificial, Porque el abono de mi tierra es natural. Because the fertilizer of my land is natural. Tú no puedes comprar al viento. You can't buy the sun. Tú no puedes comprar al sol. You can't buy the rain. Tú no puedes comprar la lluvia. (we are drawing the way, we are walking) (...) No puedes comprar mi vida. (…) You can't buy my life. MI TIERRA NO SE VENDE. MY LAND IS NOT FOR SALE. (Vamos caminando) (we are walking) Aquí se respira lucha. The struggle breathes here. (Vamos caminando) (we are walking) Yo canto porque se escucha. I sing because it sounds. Aquí estamos de pie Here we are standing. ¡Que viva Latinoamérica! Long live Latin America. No puedes comprar mi vida. You can't buy my life. CONTENT Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Terminology & Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... 4 1. The Setting and its Players: An Ordinary Day on the Beach Roca Blanca ............................................. 8 2. Introduction: Conflict on Conservation .........................................................................................................20 2.1. Introduction to the Research ..................................................................................................................20 2.2. Outline ........................................................................................................................................................21 3. Theory and Objectives: The Rapid Privatization of Coastal Lands in Mexico ...................................22 3.1. Neoliberal Conservation and Mexico ....................................................................................................22 3.2. Knowledge Gaps, Objectives & Research Question...........................................................................25 3.3. Relevance ....................................................................................................................................................26 3.4. Situational Analysis of Roca Blanca .......................................................................................................27 4. Methods & Limitations: Being in the ‘Right’ Place at the ‘Right’ Time ...............................................29 4.1. Ethnographic Research; Social Drama, Following-the-Conflict & Going-Along ....................29 4.2. Fieldwork Notes Time, Place & Analysis ..............................................................................................31 4.3. Reflection on and Limitations of the Research ....................................................................................33 5. The Movie: Conflict in Paradise ....................................................................................................................37 5.1. Main Players in the Conflict ....................................................................................................................37 5.2. Concepts which will be Used during the Conflict ...............................................................................38 5.3. The Movie Scenes .....................................................................................................................................39 1st Scene: The Beach: Demolished Fondas and First Moves ..................................................................40 2nd Scene: The Carretera: Concerns and Seeking for Alternatives ........................................................45 3rd Scene: The Officials: Raising Voice during Meetings ..........................................................................54 4th Scene: The Aftermath: Consequences of Conservation Practice ......................................................59 5th Scene: Happy End? ......................................................................................................................................65 6. Discussion ...........................................................................................................................................................69 7. Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................................................72 8. Epilogue: La Ultima Cena ...............................................................................................................................73 9. Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................................76 FIGURES Figure 1: La Madrugada in Roca Blanca, Source: Noémie Winkel ..................................................................... 8 Figure 2: Fishnet full of Fish, Source: Noémie Winkel .......................................................................................... 9 Figure 3: Catching Fish in the Morning, Source: Noémie Winkel .................................................................... 10 Figure 4: Fishermen split up, Source: Noémie Winkel ....................................................................................... 11 Figure 5: Taxi Strike, Source: Noémie Winkel...................................................................................................... 14 Figure 6: Turtle who just laid Eggs, Source: Noémie Winkel ............................................................................ 19 Figure 7: Ejidos, the Beach and its History, Source: Noémie Winkel ............................................................... 24 Figure 8: Location Roca Blanca Cacalotepec, Source: www.lasbellezasderocablanca.blogspot.nl ............... 28 Figure 9: Costa Chica, Source: Matuk (2011)........................................................................................................ 28 Figure 10: Players in the Conflict, Source: Noémie Winkel ................................................................................ 38 Figure 11: PROFEPA and Army leaving the Scenery, Source: Noémie Winkel ............................................ 41 Figure 12: Fondas Before the Demolishment, Source: Mario Jiménez Leyva ................................................. 41 Figure 13: Fondas After the Demolishment, Source: Noémie Winkel .............................................................
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