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Evaluasi Keberadaan Shorea Platyclados Slooten Ex Endert Di Hutan Lindung Bukit Daun

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Evaluasi Keberadaan Shorea Platyclados Slooten Ex Endert Di Hutan Lindung Bukit Daun View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Widyariset Widyariset | Vol. 3 No. 2 (2017) Hlm. 151 - 160 Evaluasi Keberadaan Shorea platyclados Slooten ex Endert di Hutan Lindung Bukit Daun Evaluation of the Existence of Shorea platyclados Slooten ex Endert in the Bukit Daun Protected Forest Marfuah Wardani1,* dan Adi Susilo1 1Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan, Badan Penelitian Pengembangan dan Inovasi, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Jalan Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia *E-mail: [email protected] A R T I C L E I N F O Abstract Article history Study on the evaluation of the existence of Shorea platyclados Slooten Received date: ex Endert (meranti bukit, meranti gunung, meranti tenam) on its 30 May 2016 natural habitat was conducted on May 2014 in Bukit Daun Protec- Received in revised form date: tion Forest, Central Bengkulu District, Bengkulu. Exploration and 25 October 2016 inventarisation were designed in a semi-permanent plot, in which S. Accepted date: platyclados is used as the center of circle plot for vegetation analysis. 5 October 2017 Results showed that the distribution of S. platyclados is clump on Available online date: steep valley, with its altitude is in between 400 – 600 m asl. Shorea 30 November 2017 platyclados was a dominant species on tree stage with good regen- eration in all stage with IVI = 88.00%. Pole stages were dominated by Lindera subumbelliflora(Blume) Kostermans with IVI=10.58%, and seedling stage was dominated by Syzygium cymosum DC. with IVI =7.48%. The existence of S. platyclados in Bukit Daun Protected Forest, Central Bengkulu District was not endangered. Keywords: Habitat, Regeneration, Shorea platyclados, Vegetation. Kata kunci: Abstrak Habitat Penelitian untuk mendapatkan data primer tentang keberadaan Sho- Regenerasi rea platyclados Slooten ex Endert (meranti bukit, meranti gunung, Shorea platyclados meranti tenam) di habitat alaminya, telah dilakukan pada bulan Mei Vegetasi 2014 di Hutan Lindung Bukit Daun, kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah, Bengkulu. Rancangan penelitian meliputi eksplorasi dan inventarisa- si dengan pembuatan plot semi-permanen bentuk lingkaran yang di- sengaja dengan individu pohon S. platyclados sebagai titik tengahnya, identifikasi komparatif dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjuk- kan pohon S. platyclados tumbuh mengelompok pada tempat curam atau tebing bukit, ketinggian 400 s.d. 600 meter dari permukaan laut (dpl.). Jenis S. platyclados mendominasi tegakan (tingkat pohon) dengan regenerasi lengkap,yaitu ada pada setiap strata dengan INP=88,00%. Tingkat pancang didominasi oleh Lindera subumbelli- flora (Blume) Kostermans, INP=10,58% dan tingkat semai Syzygium cymosum DC. INP=7,48%. Keberadaan S. platyclados di Hutan Lindung Bukit Daun, kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah belum dikatagori- kan langka. © 2017 Widyariset. All rights reserved DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/widyariset.3.2.2017.151-160 77 Widyariset | Vol. 3 No. 2 (2017) Hlm. 151 - 160 PENDAHULUAN Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapat- Shorea platyclados Slooten ex Endert kan data primer terbaru tentang keberadaan merupakan jenis pohon penghasil kayu S. platyclados pada habitat alaminya di komersial dari famili Dipterocarpaceae, Hutan Lindung Bukit Daun, Bengkulu dengan nama perdagangan meranti merah. yang meliputi karakteristik habitat, Habitus S. platyclados berupa pohon komposisi vegetasi, struktur tegakan, dan besar, berbatang silindris lurus dengan regenerasinya. Ketersediaan data dan tinggi dapat mencapai 50 meter dan informasi diharapkan dapat sebagai salah diameter batang di atas banir mencapai satu bahan mengevaluasi implementasi 180 cm (Ashton 2004). Jenis ini tumbuh S. platyclados dalam IUCN Red List of di perbukitan atau pegunungan dan dikenal Threatened Species. dengan nama lokal meranti bukit, meranti gunung, meranti tenam. Daerah persebaran- nya meliputi semenanjung Malaysia, Sumatera, Kalimantan termasuk Sarawak, METODE Sabah, dan Brunei (Newman, Burgers, and Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian Whitmore 1996; Symington 2004). Kayu Penelitian dilaksanakan di Hutan Lindung S. platyclados berwarna merah kecokelat- (HL) Bukit Daun pada bulan Mei 2014. an, dengan kualitas kayu masuk dalam Berdasarkan administrasi pemerintahan, kelompok kelas kuat III – (IV), kelas awet lokasi penelitian HL Bukit Daun ter- II – (IV), dan berat jenis 0,67 (Seng 1990) masuk dalam wilayah desa Tanjung Heran, menyebabkan hasil kayu termasuk disukai kecamatan Taba Penanjung, kabupaten di pasaran Asia Tenggara. Kayu, antara Bengkulu Tengah, provinsi Bengkulu. lain, dimanfaatkan untuk bahan kontruksi, Menurut pembagian wilayah administrasi balok, kusen, perabot rumah tangga, dan Kehutanan, lokasi HL Bukit Daun masuk bantalan rel. Pemanfaatan kayu S. platycla- dalam wilayah Dinas Kehutanan dan dos untuk bantalan rel, termasuk kelompok Perkebunan kabupaten Kepahiang, Dinas kayu resisten kelas II, yaitu lebih tahan Kehutanan provinsi Bengkulu. terhadap serangan jamur pelapuk kayu dari pada kayu rasamala (Altingia excelsa Secara geografis lokasi penelitian HL Noronha) (Djarwanto dan Suprapti 2004). Bukit Daun terletak pada koordinat 03 41’ 100” – 03 42’ 772” LS dan 102 31’ Sebaran dan kelimpahan jenis-jenis 761” –102 32’ 327” BT, dengan keadaan⁰ Shorea di Indonesia semakin menurun lapangan berupa⁰ dataran tinggi, ketinggian⁰ karena alih fungsi hutan menjadi fungsi 300 – 900⁰ meter dari permukaan laut lain dan juga eksploitasi berlebihan ter- (dpl.), topografi berbukit dengan kondisi masuk di dalamnya adalah S. platyclados fisik bergelombang ringan hingga curam, (Cao et al. 2009). Dalam The International kemiringan 10 s.d. 45%, jenis tanah Union for the Conservation of Natur Podsolik Merah Kuning bertekstur liat. Ber- (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, dasarkan data curah hujan daerah terdekat di S. platyclados dikategorikan dalam status Kepahiang, lokasi penelitian termasuk genting (Endangered A1cd ver 2.3) yang dalam klasifikasi iklim tipe A dengan curah ditandai dengan penurunan populasi paling hujan 3.127 mm per tahun (Schmidt and sedikit 50% dalam kurun waktu sepuluh Fergusson 1951). Rata-rata curah hujan tahun terakhir. Penurunan populasi tanpa pada tahun 2014 sebesar 280,67 mm per diimbangi dengan upaya konservasi, dapat bulan, dengan 129 hari hujan, hujan ter- mengakibatkan kepunahan (IUCN 2008). 152 Marfuah Wardani dan Adi Susilo | Evaluasi Keberadaan Shorea platyclados Slooten ex Endert... banyak pada bulan November (14 hari batang ≥20 cm untuk dijadikan pohon hujan) dan puncak musim kemarau pada cuplikan. Pembuatan plot semi-permanen bulan September terdapat empat hari hujan berupa lingkaran dengan radius 7,32 m. (Badan Pusat Statistik 2015). Lokasi pene- Titik tengah lingkaran adalah pangkal litian disajikan pada Gambar 1. batang pohon cuplikan, dibuat pula satu subplot lingkaran dengan titik tengah pada azimut 90° berjarak 3,66 m dari titik pusat plot dengan radius 2,07 m untuk tingkat pancang dan untuk pengamatan tingkat semai dibuat tiga subplot bujur sangkar 1m x 1m berjarak 4,57 m pada masing-masing azimut 30°, 150°, dan 270° dari titik pusat plot (Alexander and Barnard 1996). Plot besar dengan luas setiap plot 168,248 m2 dan subplot dengan luas plot 13,5 m2. Plot berjumlah sepuluh plot dan pembuatannya disesuaikan dengan kondisi dan jumlah individu pohon S. platyclados yang di- Gambar 1. Lokasi Penelitian di Hutan Lindung ketemukan. Bukit Daun, Taba Penanjung, Bengkulu Tengah Data yang diamati meliputi: individu (Earth Google 2016). pohon, diameter setinggi dada, dan tinggi pohon. Permudaan tingkat pancang (diameter ≤10 cm/tinggi > 1,5 m) yang Bahan dan Alat terdapat dalam subplot dicatat nama lokal Bahan penelitian adalah jenis pohon dan jumlahnya. Permudaan tingkat semai meranti Shorea platyclados Slooten ex (tinggi < 1,5 m) yang terdapat pada setiap Endert yang tumbuh alami dalam kawasan subplot bujursangkar dicatat nama lokal HL Bukit Daun. Bahan pemrosesan dan jumlahnya. Semua jenis pohon dan material herbarium antara lain alkohol tumbuhan lainnya yang tercatat dalam plot 70%, plastik transparan ukuran 40 cm x pengamatan diambil material herbarium- 60 cm, plastik transparan ukuran 20 cm x nya untuk diidentifikasi nama spesiesnya, 40 cm, kertas koran, kertas label, tali rafia, dicatat kondisi lingkungannya. selotip, sasak bambu, dan karung plastik. Peralatan yang digunakan terdiri atas kompas, altimeter, meteran, Global Posi- Analisis Data tioning System (GPS), alat ukur tinggi dan Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya di- diameter pohon, alat ukur pH tanah, alat analisis untuk menentukan potensi dan ukur kelembaban dan suhu udara, parang, jenis yang dominan, yaitu mempunyai gunting ranting, tali tambang, kamera, nilai penting yang besar di dalam tipe dan serta alat tulis. kondisi vegetasi. Jenis dominan diperoleh dengan analisis indeks nilai penting (%) sebagai penjumlahan kerapatan relatif, Rancangan Penelitian dominasi relatif dan frekuensi relatif dari Eksplorasi dan inventarisasi dengan men- masing-masing jenis yang terdapat dalam jelajah ke seluruh lokasi untuk mencari plot contoh penelitian (Soerianegara and individu pohon S. platyclados berdiameter Indrawan 1982; Kusmana 1997). Untuk 153 Widyariset | Vol. 3 No. 2 (2017) Hlm. 151 - 160 menghitung indeks keanekaragaman jenis tanah 20 – 70%, dan pH tanah 5,9 – 6,8. tegakan digunakan rumus (Misra 1980): Shorea platyclados di Sumatera dan semenanjung Malaya pada umumnya 2 n ni ni tumbuh alami pada ketinggian 700 – 1.300 H ´= − ∑ Log e (1) m dpl dan kadang-kadang tumbuh di
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    (2020), 17(2): 191-205 pISSN: 0216 – 0439 eISSN: 2540 – 9689 http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/JPHKA Akreditasi Kemenristekdikti Nomor 21/E/KPT/2018 GROWTH EVALUATION OF RED MERANTI SPECIES IN RESTORATION AREA OF GUNUNG DAHU RESEARCH FOREST, BOGOR (Evaluasi Pertumbuhan Jenis Meranti Merah di Areal Restorasi Hutan Gunung Dahu, Bogor) Eggy Nugraha Ariansyah1*, Prijanto Pamoengkas1, Rizki Ary Fambayun2, and Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat2 1Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16001, (0251) 8622642 2Forest Research and Development Center, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor 16610 (0251) 8334314 Article info: ABSTRACT Keywords: The use of local species for revegetation activities is expected to accelerate the natural Gunung Dahu, regeneration to increase the biodiversity in restoration efforts of disturbed areas. This growth, study used several parameters to observe the growth of 20-years old stand S. pinanga Shorea pinanga, and S. platyclados, including diameter, total tree height, Mean Annual Increment (MAI), Shorea platyclados % of fruiting trees, Leaf Area Index (LAI), altitude, and slope. The study results were analyzed using one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Duncan test with a 95% Article history: confidence level. The results showed that S. platyclados significantly had a higher Received: diameter (32.7 cm), height (19.1 m), and mean volume (0.43 m3) compared to S. pinanga. 15 September 2020; The growth of S. platyclados, which locally known as meranti bukit is strongly supported Revised: by conditions in Gunung Dahu Research Forest, which has an altitude of about 800 m.asl. 12 November 2020; On the other hand, S.
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