DOCSLIB.ORG

Series Data from Flathead Lake Montana: Implications for Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoclimate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Series Data from Flathead Lake Montana: Implications for Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoclimate University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2006 Acquisition and evaluation of sedimentologic paleomagnetic and geochemical time -series data from Flathead Lake Montana: Implications for late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoclimate Michael Sperazza The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Sperazza, Michael, "Acquisition and evaluation of sedimentologic paleomagnetic and geochemical time -series data from Flathead Lake Montana: Implications for late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoclimate" (2006). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 9599. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/9599 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission Author's Signature: Date: Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. 8/98 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACQUISITION AND EVALUATION OF SEDIMENTOLOGIC, PALEOMAGNETIC, AND GEOCHEMICAL TIME-SERIES DATA FROM FLATHEAD LAKE, MONTANA: IMPLICATIONS FOR LATE PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE PALEOCLIMATE by Michael Sperazza B. S., University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 1980 M. A., University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 2000 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Montana May 2006 Approved by: /fc- S. Chairperson Dean, Graduate School S- 2Ss> -QL Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3231692 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 3231692 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Sperazza, Michael, Ph.D., May 2006 Geology Acquisition and Evaluation of Sedimentologic, Paleomagnetic, and Geochemical Time- Series Data from Flathead Lake, Montana: Implications for Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoclimate. Chairperson: Dr. Marc S. Hendrix The main objective of this research was to examine a suite of time-series proxy data for potential use in the reconstruction of post Last Glacial Maximum climate history for the northern US Rocky Mountain region. I sought to test the hypothesis that data derived from sediments within a very large watershed (>18,000 km2) could provide centennial scale resolution when applied to a basin with multiple climate environs. In this study, I utilized naturally occurring lacustrine sediments from Flathead Lake, Montana to evaluate paleoclimate implications, using a variety of physical, mineralogical, and geochemical data with calculated uncertainty. The results of this research include: 1) development and testing of a methodology for utilizing laser diffraction to determine size fractions of very fine-grained naturally occurring sediments; 2) quantification of methodological uncertainty for paleomagnetic secular variation when used as a chronostratigraphic tool in lacustrine settings; 3) establishment of methodological uncertainty for grain size, mineralogical, and certain geochemical time-series data sets; and 4) evaluation of grain size, mineralogical, carbon/nitrogen, and various elemental analyses and their respective uncertainties for use in paleoclimate reconstructions. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PREFACE FORWARD Lake sediment records have long been exploited as a source of time-series data for elucidating past climate changes, because lakes respond quickly to environmental change and may be characterized by long periods of uninterrupted sedimentation. Interpreting ancient climates from lacustrine sediments is achieved by the development of time-series data sets for variable parameters, called proxies, within natural records. A proxy data set is utilized as a substitute for one or more climatic, environmental, or physical condition that existed in the past, but cannot be measured directly. Proxies are presumed to vary predictably with changing climate and so commonly are inferred to represent a record of climate change. Accurate calibration and discernment of these data is essential before they can be used to understand and predict modern and ancient climate variability. In this dissertation, I collected time-series data from sediment cores recovered in Flathead Lake, Montana. My focus was to quantify the limitations and resolution of the data and to examine proxy variations and uncertainty that can potentially be utilized in paleoclimate reconstructions. Chapter 1, entitled “High-Resolution Particle Size Analysis of Naturally Occurring Very Fine-Grained Sediment through Laser Diffractometry” has been published in the Journal of Sedimentary Research. This paper covers the establishment and testing of operational methods for determining grain size using laser diffraction techniques. The chapter iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. quantifies uncertainty and the variability of sampling preparation, operational settings and optical properties. Chapter 2, entitled “Assessment of Paleomagnetic Secular Variation Correlation and Establishment of a Chronostratigraphic Model for Late Pleistocene and Holocene Lacustrine Sediments of Core 9P from Flathead Lake, Montana” evaluates chronological methods applied to core FL-00-9P. A detailed assessment of paleomagnetic secular variation is presented that constrains procedural variations and quantifies uncertainty. A shortened version of this chapter is in preparation for publication. Chapter 3, entitled “Examination of Potential Paleoclimate Proxies for Large Open Lacustrine Systems: Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sedimentary Record, Flathead Lake, Montana” is an analyses of grain size, mineralogy, and carbon / nitrogen as paleoclimate proxies. The chapter tests proxy resolution and reviews the connection of each to climate change. Potential limitations of each proxy are considered, including uncertainty and external forcing, such as topography, watershed, and sediment redistribution. The chapter concludes with a brief interpretation of climate change, considering uncertainty, for the proxies acquired from Flathead Lake. Various portions of this chapter will be published, including an expanded analysis comparing proxies from other high latitude oligotrophic lakes. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A project so broad scoped, such as this research, would not be successful without the assistance of a number of individuals and institutions that were instrumental in assisting me with my data collection and the completion of this project. I would like to start by thanking Dr. Marc Hendrix my Committee Chair for his inspiration, motivation, and patient review of my data and articles. I have a special appreciation to Committee member Dr. Johnnie Moore for his challenging perspectives, knowledgeable comments, and laboratory assistance. I give my thanks and gratitude to Dr. Joel Harper, Dr. Jim Sears, and Dr. Randell Skelton, the rest of my Committee, for their reviews of my dissertation and serving on my committee, and Dr. Gray Thompson and Dr. Thomas Foor for their reviews of my documents and comprehensive exams. The data analyses could not be preformed without material to process and I greatly appreciate the assistance of the University of Minnesota, Limnological Research Center (LRC) for the coring barge and equipment, and for the use of their state of the art facilities to initially process and photograph the recovered cores. I would like to give a personal thanks to Dr. Emi Ito for allowing my use of the facility and Dr. Doug Schnurrenberger, Amy Myrbo, Chad Wittkop, Anders Noren, and Paul Wagner (now University of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Banda Islands, Indonesia
    INSULARITY AND ADAPTATION INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF EXCHANGE AND INTER-ISLAND INTERACTION IN THE BANDA ISLANDS, INDONESIA Emily J. Peterson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2015 Reading Committee: Peter V. Lape, Chair James K. Feathers Benjamin Marwick Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology ©Copyright 2015 Emily J. Peterson University of Washington Abstract Insularity and Adaptation Investigating the role of exchange and inter-island interaction in the Banda Islands, Indonesia Emily J. Peterson Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Peter V. Lape Department of Anthropology Trade and exchange exerted a powerful force in the historic and protohistoric past of Island Southeast Asian communities. Exchange and interaction are also hypothesized to have played an important role in the spread of new technologies and lifestyles throughout the region during the Neolithic period. Although it is clear that interaction has played an important role in shaping Island Southeast Asian cultures on a regional scale, little is known about local histories and trajectories of exchange in much of the region. This dissertation aims to improve our understanding of the adaptive role played by exchange and interaction through an exploration of change over time in the connectedness of island communities in the Banda Islands, eastern Indonesia. Connectedness is examined by measuring source diversity for two different types of archaeological materials. Chemical characterization of pottery using LA-ICP-MS allows the identification of geochemically different paste groups within the earthenware assemblages of two Banda Islands sites. Source diversity measures are employed to identify differences in relative connectedness between these sites and changes over time.
    [Show full text]
  • Essential Amino Acids
    Edinburgh Research Explorer Compound specific radiocarbon dating of essential and non- essential Amino acids Citation for published version: Nalawade-Chavan, S, McCullagh, J, Hedges, R, Bonsall, C, Boroneant, A, Bronk-Ramsey, C & Higham, T 2013, 'Compound specific radiocarbon dating of essential and non-essential Amino acids: towards determination of dietary reservoir effects in humans', Radiocarbon, vol. 55, no. 2-3, pp. 709-719. https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16340 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16340 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Radiocarbon Publisher Rights Statement: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 COMPOUND-SPECIFIC RADIOCARBON DATING OF ESSENTIAL AND NON- ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS: TOWARDS DETERMINATION OF DIETARY RESERVOIR EFFECTS IN HUMANS Shweta Nalawade-Chavan1 • James McCullagh2 • Robert Hedges1 • Clive Bonsall3 • Adina Boronean˛4 • Christopher Bronk Ramsey1 • Thomas Higham1 ABSTRACT.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiocarbon Dating of Marine Samples: Methodological Aspects, Applications and Case Studies
    water Article Radiocarbon Dating of Marine Samples: Methodological Aspects, Applications and Case Studies Gianluca Quarta 1,* , Lucio Maruccio 2, Marisa D’Elia 2 and Lucio Calcagnile 1 1 CEDAD (Centre for Applied Physics, Dating and Diagnostics), Department of Mathematics and Physics, “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, INFN-Lecce Section, 73100 Lecce, Italy; [email protected] 2 CEDAD (Centre for Applied Physics, Dating and Diagnostics), Department of Mathematics and Physics, “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (M.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Radiocarbon dating by AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) is a well-established absolute dating technique widely used in different areas of research for the analysis of a wide range of organic materials. Precision levels of the order of 0.2–0.3% in the measured age are nowadays achieved while several international intercomparison exercises have shown the high degree of reproducibility of the results. This paper discusses the applications of 14C dating related to the analysis of samples up-taking carbon from marine carbon pools such as the sea and the oceans. For this kind of samples relevant methodological issues have to be properly addressed in order to correctly interpret 14C data and then obtain reliable chronological frameworks. These issues are mainly related to the so-called “marine reservoirs effects” which make radiocarbon ages obtained on marine organisms apparently older than coeval organisms fixing carbon directly from the atmosphere. We present the strategies used to correct for these effects also referring to the last internationally accepted and recently released Citation: Quarta, G.; Maruccio, L.; calibration curve.
    [Show full text]
  • Lorraine A. Manz
    Lorraine A. Manz Introduction “The discovery of cosmic-ray carbon has a number of interesting About 1 part per trillion (1012) of Earth’s natural carbon is 14C. implications . particularly the determination of ages of various The rest, effectively 100%, is made up of an approximately 99:1 carbonaceous materials in the range of 1,000-30,000 years.” mixture of the stable isotopes carbon-12 (12C) and carbon-13 (13C) These are the words with which Willard F. Libby and his coworkers (fig. 1). concluded their report on the first successful detection of 14C in biogenic material (Anderson et al., 1947). It was quite an understatement. Libby’s pioneering work on the development of the radiocarbon dating method won him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960, and as one of his nominees aptly observed: “Seldom has a single discovery in chemistry had such an impact on the thinking of so many fields of human endeavor. Seldom has a single discovery generated such wide public interest." (Taylor, 1985). Radiocarbon dating has come a long way since then. Its physical and chemical principles are better understood, high-tech instrumentation has improved its range and sensitivity, and there are currently more than 130 active radiocarbon laboratories around the world. The amount of literature on the subject is vast and what follows is just an overview of the essentials. The details may be found in any of the books listed among the references at the end of this article. And so . Basic Principles Figure 1. Carbon nuclides. A nuclide is an atomic species characterized Carbon-14 (14C) is a cosmogenic* radioactive isotope of carbon by the number of protons (red spheres) and neutrons (gray spheres) in its that is produced at a more-or-less constant rate in Earth’s upper nucleus.
    [Show full text]
  • Refining the Marine Reservoir Effect in the Northwest North Atlantic
    Refining the marine reservoir effect in the Northwest North Atlantic Thomas Neulieb Department of Geography McGill University Montreal, Quebec December, 2013 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Masters of Science © Thomas Neulieb 2013 i Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................. vii Résumé ............................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ xi Chapter 1: Background and Literature Review .................................................................. 1 The importance of dating in paleoclimatic research .................................................... 1 The basics of radiocarbon (14C) dating ........................................................................ 1 14C production and dilution ......................................................................................... 3 Radiocarbon dating and the Marine Reservoir Effect (MRE) ..................................... 5 The 8.2 ka Event, Preboreal Oscillation, the Younger Dryas, and the Marine Reservoir Effect ........................................................................................................... 7 Symbiosis in the foraminifera ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Marine Reservoir Effect Δr Value for Kitandach, In
    Radiocarbon, Vol 58, Nr 4, 2016, p 885–891 DOI:10.1017/RDC.2016.46 © 2016 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A MARINE RESERVOIR EFFECT ΔR VALUE FOR KITANDACH, IN PRINCE RUPERT HARBOUR, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA Kevan Edinborough1* • Andrew Martindale2 • Gordon T Cook3 • Kisha Supernant4 • Kenneth M Ames5 1Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom. 2Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 6303 NW Marine Drive, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1. 3Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, Glasgow G750QF, Scotland, United Kingdom. 4Department of Anthropology, 13-15 HM Tory Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H4. 5Portland State University, ANTH, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207. ABSTRACT. Prince Rupert Harbour (PRH), on the north Pacific Coast of British Columbia, contains at least 157 shell middens, of which 66 are known villages, in an area of approximately 180 km2. These sites span the last 9500 yr and in some cases are immense, exceeding 20,000 m2 surface area and several meters in depth. Recent archaeological research in PRH has become increasingly reliant on radiocarbon dates from marine shell for developing chronologies. However, this is problematic as the local marine reservoir effect (MRE) remains poorly understood in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • SAS Bulletin Society for Archaeological Sciences
    SAS Bulletin Society for Archaeological Sciences Volume 26 number 3/4 Winter 2003 From the Editor 2004 Fryxell Award to R.E. Taylor We apologize for the R.E. Taylor will be awarded the 2004 Fryxell Award for delay in the publication of Interdisciplinary Research at the 69th Annual Meeting of the the last 2003 issue of the Society for American Archaeology, Montreal, Québec SAS Bulletin, but there Canada, March 31 - April 4, 2004. A symposium in his honor, were some personal and entitled A Time for Science: Papers in Honor of R. E. other factors leading to the Taylor, will be sponsored by the SAA Fryxell Committee delay. We announce that and the Society for Archaeological Sciences. The symposium starting in 2004, there will co-organizers and chairs are Arleyn Simon and Christine be a co-editor (E. Christian Wells, U. of South Florida), which Prior. The symposium description follows: will enhance the newsletter’s production. In this issue we The SAA presents the 2004 Fryxell Award for present many of the regular sections found in previous issues, Interdisciplinary Research to R.E. Taylor for his outstanding along with reports about the SAS in 2002-2003. Immediately contributions to the field of radiocarbon dating and below are details on some SAS membership benefits. archaeological sciences. Erv Taylor has greatly influenced the archaeological discipline through his exacting rigor in the Robert H. Tykot development and application of chronometric techniques. This ---------------------------------------------------------------------- symposium honors his lifetime work by presenting recent advances in a broad range of radiocarbon and other SAS Membership Benefits - Journals & Books archaeological techniques applied to research issues in North America and throughout the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Dealing with Reservoir Effects in Human and Faunal Skeletal Remains
    Theses and Papers in Scientific Archaeology 20 Jack Dury This research was conducted at Stockholm University and the University of Groningen in the ArchSci2020 training programme, a Dealing With Reservoir Effects in Marie Sklodowska Curie International Training Network. This thesis Human and Faunal Skeletal explores how archaeologists can handle radiocarbon reservoir affected Remains Skeletal Reservoir Effects in Human and Faunal With Dealing samples and interpret the radiocarbon dates of humans consuming Remains aquatic organisms. The variables, which can affect the size of Theses and Papers in radiocarbon reservoir effects, are described in detail and novel ways to Scientific ArchaeologyUnderstanding 20 the radiocarbon dating of aquatic samples handle reservoir effects for archaeological research are presented. This research combines AMS radiocarbon dating, Bayesian modelling and Jack Dury palaeodietary reconstructionThis research to was answer conducted a numberat Stockholm of Universityquestions: and Howthe University of Groningen in the ArchSci2020 training programme, a Dealing WithJack ReservoirDury Effects in can reservoir effectsMarie be Sklodowska łestimated? Curie InternationalFor human Training populations Network. This thesis with Human and Faunal Skeletal complex diets, how canexplores reservoir how archaeologists effects canbe handlemanaged radiocarbon to increase reservoir affected dating Remains Skeletal Reservoir Effects in Human and Faunal With Dealing samples and interpret the radiocarbon dates of humans consuming accuracy? How varied can reservoir effects within a single aquatic Remains aquatic organisms. The variables, which can affect the size of system be and how doesradiocarbon this affectreservoir populationseffects, are described utilising in detail andresources novel ways from to Understanding the radiocarbon dating of aquatic samples handle reservoir effects for archaeological research are presented.
    [Show full text]
  • The Freshwater Reservoir Effect in Radiocarbon Dating Bente Philippsen
    Philippsen Heritage Science 2013, 1:24 http://www.heritagesciencejournal.com/content/1/1/24 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating Bente Philippsen Abstract The freshwater reservoir effect can result in anomalously old radiocarbon ages of samples from lakes and rivers. This includes the bones of people whose subsistence was based on freshwater fish, and pottery in which fish was cooked. Water rich in dissolved ancient calcium carbonates, commonly known as hard water, is the most common reason for the freshwater reservoir effect. It is therefore also called hardwater effect. Although it has been known for more than 60 years, it is still less well-recognized by archaeologists than the marine reservoir effect. The aim of this study is to examine the order of magnitude and degree of variability of the freshwater reservoir effect over short and long timescales. Radiocarbon dating of recent water samples, aquatic plants, and animals, shows that age differences of up to 2000 14C years can occur within one river. The freshwater reservoir effect has also implications for radiocarbon dating of Mesolithic pottery from inland sites of the Ertebølle culture in Northern Germany. The surprisingly old ages of the earliest pottery most probably are caused by a freshwater reservoir effect. In a sediment core from the Limfjord, northern Denmark, the impact of the freshwater reservoir effect on radiocarbon dating in an estuarine environment is examined. Here, freshwater influence causes reservoir ages to vary between 250 and 700 14C years during the period 5400 BC - AD 700. The examples in this study show clearly that the freshwater reservoir effect can seriously corrupt radiocarbon dating at inland sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Amino Acid Racemization Dating of Marine Shells: a Mound of Possibilities
    Quaternary International 239 (2011) 114e124 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint Amino acid racemization dating of marine shells: A mound of possibilities Beatrice Demarchi a,*, Matt G. Williams b, Nicky Milner b, Nicola Russell c, Geoff Bailey b, Kirsty Penkman a a BioArCh, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK b Department of Archaeology, University of York, King’s Manor, York Y01 7EP, UK c Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride G75 0QF, Scotland, UK article info abstract Article history: Shell middens are one of the most important and widespread indicators for human exploitation of Available online 12 June 2010 marine resources and occupation of coastal environments. Establishing an accurate and reliable chro- nology for these deposits has fundamental implications for understanding the patterns of human evolution and dispersal. This paper explores the potential application of a new methodology of amino acid racemization (AAR) dating of shell middens and describes a simple protocol to test the suitability of different molluscan species. This protocol provides a preliminary test for the presence of an intra- crystalline fraction of proteins (by bleaching experiments and subsequent heating at high temperature), checking the closed system behaviour of this fraction during diagenesis. Only species which pass both tests can be considered suitable for further studies to obtain reliable age information. This amino acid geochronological technique is also applied to midden deposits at two latitudinal extremes: Northern Scotland and the Southern Red Sea. Results obtained in this study indicate that the application of this new method of AAR dating of shells has the potential to aid the geochronological investigation of shell mounds in different areas of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Holocene Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Correction for the South and East Coast of South Africa
    Late Holocene marine radiocarbon reservoir correction for the south and east coast of South Africa Maboya, M. L., Meadows, M. E., Reimer, P. J., Backeberg, B. C., & Haberzettl, T. (2018). Late Holocene marine radiocarbon reservoir correction for the south and east coast of South Africa. Radiocarbon Journal, 60(2), 571- 582. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2017.139 Published in: Radiocarbon Journal Document Version: Peer reviewed version Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © 2017 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:01. Oct. 2021 Radiocarbon For Peer Review
    [Show full text]
  • An Online Application for ΔR Calculation
    An Online Application for ΔR Calculation Reimer, R., & Reimer, P. J. (2017). An Online Application for ΔR Calculation. Radiocarbon Journal. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.117 Published in: Radiocarbon Journal Document Version: Peer reviewed version Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights This article has been published in a revised form in Radiocarbon [https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.117]. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © 2016 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:29. Sep. 2021 An on-line application for ΔR calculation R. W. Reimer and P. J. Reimer 14CHRONO Centre for Climate, the Environment and Chronology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK * corresponding authors emails: [email protected] and [email protected] Abstract A regional offset (ΔR) from the marine radiocarbon calibration curve is widely used in calibration software (e.g.
    [Show full text]