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Dějiny Umění III. Příliš Dlouhé 19. Století Dějiny umění III. Příliš dlouhé 19. století: Umění ve věku revolucí, kapitálu a impérií Kurz představí dění na poli evropského a českého výtvarného umění a architektury v období od Velké francouzské revoluce do druhé světové války. Cílem výuky je studentům usnadnit kontextualizaci základních znalostí dějin umění jejich propojením s kulturně-historickými, sociologickými a dalšími souvislostmi. Prostřednictvím přednášek, diskusí a čtení vybraných dobových textů, budeme interpretovat umění dané doby a zároveň vnímat určité kontinuity a přesahy do současnosti, jako možnou inspiraci pro vlastní praxi. ZIMNÍ SEMESTR 1.Úvodní přednáška Představení způsobu výuky, metodologie a literatury. Diskuse o sylabu. Úvod do kulturně-historického dobového kontextu na pozadí vybraných dějinných události a vědecko-technologického vývoje. 2. Rozum, krása, umění a vznešeno Klasicismus / Neoklasicismus- estetické a etické principy osvícenství - racionalismus- humanismus-pokrok a dobové výtvarné umění a architektura. Znovuobjevení antiky- nový vztah k minulosti -Johann Joachim Winckelmann -výzkum Pompejí a Herculanea -Dějiny umění starověku a vznik archeologie. Giovanni Battista Piranesi a "Gout Grec". Anton Raphael Mengs, John Flaxman, Angelica Kauffman, Elisabeth- Louise Vigée Le Brun, Jean-Antoine Hudon... Velká francouzská revoluce - ozvěny v dobovém umění- proměny historické malby Jacques- Louis David, Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres... Instituce umění na konci 18. a počátku 19. století –význam uměleckých akademií - založení Akademie v Praze Josef Bergler. Klasicismus- empír a evropské sochařství počátku 19. století - Antonio Canova, Bertel Thorvaldsen, Johann-Gottfried Schadow... Klasicistní koncepce v malířství přelomu 18. a 19. století v českých zemích- Ludvík Kohl, Karel Postl. Sochařství klasicismu a empíru v Čechách a na Moravě- kosmopolitismus a civilismus- Václav Prachner, Josef Malínský, František Xaver Lederer, Josef a Emanuel Max. Antonín Machek a biedermeierovský portrét. Architektura neoklasicismu a teorie zahrad. Cesty k přírodě-Antonín Karel Balzer, Václav a Antonín Mánesové. cca.1776-1830 texty: Jean -Jacques Rousseau: O původu nerovnosti mezi lidmi, Praha 1949, s. Denis Diderot: O umění, Praha 1983, s. Immanuel Kant: Odpověď na otázku: Co je osvícenství?, in: Studie k dějinám a politice, Praha 2013, s. 3. Spánek rozumu plodí monstra Preromantismus a romantismus.Vztah klasicismus a romantismus ve francouzském malířství a sochařství - Théodore Géricault- Prám Medúzy jako aktuální metafora. Eugène Delacroix, Antoine-Jean Gros, Anne- Louis Girodet, Pierre Paul Prud´hon, Antoine-Louis Barye, Francois Rude...Individualismus, romantické pojetí “génia” a význam talentu. Romantismus a anglická krajinomalba - John Constable a William Turner. Dílo Johna Flaxmana, Williama Blakea a Henri Fuseliho. Nazarénismus- nová religiozita - Friedrich Overbeck a Peter Cornelius... Německý romantismus - Caspar David Friedrich, Philipp Otto Runge, Johan Christian Dahl... Karl Friedrich Schninkel a architektura romantismu.Vznik národních škol v malířství. Romantismus v českém malířství a sochařství - Václav Levý a Josef Navrátil. Vliv Nazarénu na české malířství - František Tkadlík. Josef Fuhrich, August Bedřich Piepenhagen a Bedřich Havránek. Romantismus a obrozenecké snahy před všeslovanským sjezdem v Praze. Josef Mánes - krajinář, portrétista, ilustrátor, tvůrce “národní klasiky”. cca. 1800- 1848 texty: Charles Baudelaire: Úvahy o některých současnících, Praha 1968, s. Eugène Delacroix: Deník,Praha 1956, s. Honoré de Balzac: Neznámé arcidílo, Praha 1950, s. 4. Heroismus moderního života a realná alegorie Programovost, radikalita, sociální otázky a realismus. Problematika zobrazování současnosti, výběr a inovace námětu a technik. Individualismus a emancipace umělce- Umělcův ateliér- Gustave Courbet- Pohřeb v Ornans a dobové karikatury uměleckých děl. Jean-Francois Millet a Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot. Gargantua-cenzura politické karikatury- Honoré Daumier. Ilustrace-Paul Gavarni. Vzpoura čtrnácti-Peredvižnici -Ivan Nikolajevič Kramskoj, Ilja Jefimovič Repin... Malířství a sochařství v Čechách 1848-78-Antonín Alois Navrátil, Soběslav Pinkas, Viktor Barvitius. Politizující kovář a realistická malba -Karla Purkyně. Max Haushofer - krajinářská škola mezi romantismem a realismem -Adolf Kosárek, Alois Bubák... cca. 1848-1878 texty: Gustave Courbet: Dokumenty, Praha 1958, s. 132, s. Lev Nikolajevič Tolstoj: O vědě a umění, F. Bačkovský, Praha 1897, s. 5. Materialismus a Idealismus reakce na průmyslovou revoluci: industrialismus a “medievalismus” bratrstva prerafaelitu- William Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Ford Madox Brown, Edward Burne Jones, John Everett Millais- Tesařská dílna a nepochopení viktoriánského publika- Charles Dickense. John Ruskin a sociální kritika - Tomu poslednímu 1862. Krajinomalba mezi ateliérem a plenérem, realismem a impresionismem - Barbizonská škola-Théodore Rousseau, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, Jean-Francois Millet, Charles Francois Daubigny, Narcisse Virgilio Díaz...Salon odmítnutých 1863 - Édouard Manet a moderní umění- Snídaně v trávě a Olympia. Naturalismus v literatuře a výtvarném umění - Émile Zola-kritik a literát. Jules Bastien-Lepage, Jules Breton, Rosa Bonheur... Krajinomalba v českých zemích druhé poloviny 19. století- vliv barbizonců na českou krajinomalbu - Wilhelm Riedel. Přírodní vědy a výtvarné umění- mezi darwinismem a spiritismem-Gabriel Max... cca. 1830-1878 texty: John Ruskin: Výklady o umění: přednesené posluchačům university Oxfordské, Praha 1901, s. Émile Zola: Edouard Manet, Beroun 1932, s. 6. Imperiální dobývání a Římané v dobách úpadku Napoleonova expedice do Egypta a salonní orientalismus druhého císařství ve Francii: Dominique Vivant Denon, Antoine-Jean Gros, Hippolyte Paul Delaroche, Anne-Louis Girodet, Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps, Jean-Leon Gerome. Kolonialismus ,viktoriánská Anglie a reflexe imperiální politiky v britském malířství-John Glover, William Hodges, Agostino Brunias, Thomas Hickey, Benjamin West, Elisabeth Butler...Německo- Humboldtovy výzkumné cesty, abolicionismus Johann Moritz Rugendas a Ferdinand Bellermann. Akademismus a proměny historického malířství – Carl Friedrich Lessing, Hans Makart, Adolf von Menzel, Thomas Couture, Jean-Louis Ernest Meissonier, Alexandre Cabanel, Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Frederic Lord Leighton, Jan Alojzy Matejko, Mihály Munkácsy...Historická malba v českých zemích -škola Christiana Rubena vliv belgického malířství Gustaf Wappers, Louise Gallait a Jaroslav Čermák. Mikoláš Aleš, ambice po velké historické malbě, Václav Brožík, Václav Hynais a Vlaho Bukovac. cca.1800-1890 texty k čtení: Linda Nochlin: The Imaginary Orient, in: Art in America, May 1983, s.179- 191 Eugène Delacroix: Deník, Praha 1956, s. Eduard Said: Orientalismus, Praha 2009, s. 7. Spektákl modernizace a okamžikový dojem Život a kultura moderní metropole- urbanistický rozvoj-regulace měst- Haussmannova Paříž - Baudelairův- flaneur. Význam nových infrastruktur a technologií. Jan Evangelista Purkyně- fyziologie, “neurověda”, vizuální percepce, kinesiskop, synesthesie...Vynález a rozvoj fotografie Louis Daguerre- William Fox Talbot - Hippolyte Bayard. Daguerrotypie, litografie a dobové technologie masové reprodukce. Diseminace obrazu a nová kritéria originality. Zviditelňování vidění. Inspirace fotografickou praxí a japonským dřevorytem. Okamžikový dojem a viděná realita-Impresionismus a osm impresionistických výstav 1874- 1881: Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, Gustave Caillebotte...Impresionismus a gender. Ženy na uměleckých školách v Paříži -Académie Julian -Marija Konstantinovna Baškirceva, Marie Bracquemond, Berthe Morisot, Mary Cassatt, Paula Modersohn- Becker...Nové přístupy malbě v dílech Václava Radimského. Změna orientace- Paříž-Praha- Luděk Marold, Antonín Chittussi, Zdenka Braunerová, Alfons Mucha... cca.1839-1900 texty: Charles Baudelaire: Úvahy o některých současnících, Praha 1968, s. Robert Kendal: Monet vlastní rukou: obrazy, kresby, pastely, dopisy, Praha 2005, s. Marie Baškircevová:Deník Marie Baškircevové, Díl II, Praha 1907, s.200, s.273, s.595. Zdenka Braunerová: Deníky Zdenky Braunerové 1873-1878, Středočeské muzeum, 2007, s. 8. Sochařství druhé poloviny 19. století a Generace Národního divadla Sochařství druhé poloviny 19. století - Auguste Bartholdi, Emmanuel Frémiet, Jules Dalou, Constantin Meunier...Vztahy sochařství k impresionismu, symbolismu, secesi- Medardo Rosso, Gustav Vigeland. Pomník a jeho vrcholné období na přelomu století -Ladislav Šaloun a Stanislav Sucharda. Generace Národního divadla- Josef Václav Myslbek, Bohuslav Schnirch, Mikoláš Aleš, František Ženíšek, Josef Tulka, Vojtěch Hynais...Maxmilián Pirner rektor AVU a člen Vídeňské secese. Julius Mařák a jeho krajinářská speciálka -Antonín Slavíček, Antonín Hudeček, Otokar Lebeda... Jakub Schikaneder, Felix Jenewein...Joža Úprka a folklorismus. Auguste Rodin dílo a pražská výstava 1902. cca 1860-1905 texty: Auguste Rodin: Umění: rozmluvy s Rodinem, sebrané Pavlem Gsselem, Praha 1928, s. Antonín Slavíček: Antonín Slavíček Antonínu Hudečkovi: Dopisy, Praha 1964, s. 9. Proměnlivost a nadčasovost Dobové teorie vnímání, nekonvenční malba a praxe postimpresionismu. Bratři Lumièrové a počátky filmu. Vědecké základy neoimpresionismu-inovace a způsoby zobrazení - pointilismus, divisionismus, cloisionismus, synthetismus... Paul Cézanne. Paul Gauguin a Pont-Avenská škola. Les Nabis - Revue Blanche -Pierre Bonnard, Edouard
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