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Killing Hope U.S
Killing Hope U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II – Part I William Blum Zed Books London Killing Hope was first published outside of North America by Zed Books Ltd, 7 Cynthia Street, London NI 9JF, UK in 2003. Second impression, 2004 Printed by Gopsons Papers Limited, Noida, India w w w.zedbooks .demon .co .uk Published in South Africa by Spearhead, a division of New Africa Books, PO Box 23408, Claremont 7735 This is a wholly revised, extended and updated edition of a book originally published under the title The CIA: A Forgotten History (Zed Books, 1986) Copyright © William Blum 2003 The right of William Blum to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Cover design by Andrew Corbett ISBN 1 84277 368 2 hb ISBN 1 84277 369 0 pb Spearhead ISBN 0 86486 560 0 pb 2 Contents PART I Introduction 6 1. China 1945 to 1960s: Was Mao Tse-tung just paranoid? 20 2. Italy 1947-1948: Free elections, Hollywood style 27 3. Greece 1947 to early 1950s: From cradle of democracy to client state 33 4. The Philippines 1940s and 1950s: America's oldest colony 38 5. Korea 1945-1953: Was it all that it appeared to be? 44 6. Albania 1949-1953: The proper English spy 54 7. Eastern Europe 1948-1956: Operation Splinter Factor 56 8. Germany 1950s: Everything from juvenile delinquency to terrorism 60 9. Iran 1953: Making it safe for the King of Kings 63 10. -
William Manchester Papers, 1941-1988
Special Collections and University Archives UMass Amherst Libraries William Manchester Papers 1941-1988 (Bulk: 1943-1945) 4 boxes (1.75 linear ft.) Call no.: MS 433 About SCUA SCUA home Credo digital Scope Inventory Admin info Download xml version print version (pdf) Read collection overview The writer William Manchester interrupted his undergraduate education at Massachusetts State College to serve in the Marine Corps during the Second World War. After training in the V-12 Program at Dartmouth College and at Parris Island, and then washing out in Officers Candidate School, he was assigned to the 29th Marine Regiment. Sent to the South Pacific in July 1944, the 29th Marines became part of the landing force on Okinawa on April 1, 1945. After helping to clear the northern part of the island, they turned to the difficult operations on the Shuri line, including the capture of Sugar Loaf Hill, but on June 5, 1945, Manchester was severely wounded and spent the remainder of the war in hospital. He completed his degree at Mass. State after returning to civilian life, and went on to a graduate degree at the University of Missouri. During his years as a journalist, historian, and professor of Wesleyan University, he published 18 books ranging from biographies of H.L. Mencken, John F. Kennedy, and Winston Churchill, to a memoir of his experiences as a Marine. A recipient of the National Humanities Medal, Manchester died in 2004 at the age of 82. This small, but noteworthy collection consists almost exclusively of letters written by William Manchester to his mother during his service with the 29th Marines in World War II. -
The Parts That Were Left out of the Kennedy Book
"This war is, I believe, a war for civilization." —Francis Cardinal Spellman ■-•-':.0.7y3 • 1.1%....0. 4,10 14'.0'. f.A.- 444 The Parts That Were Left Out of the Kennedy Book •■••• ■••■••■••■■ An executive in the publishing industry, who obviously The senior Kennedy had predicted that Germany would must remain anonymous, has nuole available to the Realist defeat England and he therefore urged President a photostatic copy of the. original manuscript of William Manchester's book, The Death of a President. Franklin D. Roosevelt to withhold aid. Those passuges which are printed here were marked for Now Johnson found himself fighting pragmatism with deletion months before Harper & Row sold the serialization pragmatism. It didn't work; he lost the nomination. rights to Look magazine; hence they do not appear even Ironically, the vicissitudes of regional bloc voting in the so-railed "complete" version published by the Ger- man magazine, Stern. forced Kennedy into selecting Johnson as his running mate. Jack 'rationalized the practicality of the situation. but Jackie was constitutionally unable to forgive John- At the Democratic National Convention in the sum- son. Her attitude toward him always remained one of mer of 1960 Los Angeles was the scene of a political controlled paroxysm. visitation of the alleged sins of the father upon the son. Lyndon Johnson found himself battling for the presi- dential nomination with a young, handsome, charming It was common knowledge in Washington social cir- and witty adversary, John F. Kennedy. cles that the Chief Executive was something of a ladies' The Texan in his understandable anxiety degenerated man. -
Meet the Press
• X-e&eneel Moverricading ramiteeity AfeJeat MEET THE PRESS d2newica'a giredd ronAtenee ?de ....4)< Awrhered ie LAWRENCE E. SPIVAK Kase': WILLIAM MANCHESTER Author, The Death of a President VOLUME 11 FEBRUARY 12, 1967 NUMBER 7 .4(hrth giread Med.ittepe (mei glocikc4-cal gierilauwa Jsq AI kkotere "1144.46;74., ee -mu 10 cents per copy GAS ,11 g,„,,/, ALISTAIR COOKE, The Guardian of England (Formerly Manchester Guardian) ROBERT MacNEIL, NBC News CHARLES ROBERTS, Newsweek Magazine LAWRENCE E. SPIVAK, Permanent Panel Member' aZhoalv#: EDWIN NEWMAN, NBC News Permission is hereby granted to news media and magazines to reproduce in whole or in part. Credit to NBC's MEET THE PRESS will be appreciated. MEET THE PRESS MR. NEWMAN: MEET THE PRESS comes to you today in a special one-hour edition. Our guest is William Manchester, author of The Death of a President, which deals with the events surrounding the assassination of President Kennedy. The book, scheduled for publication on April 7 by Harper and Row, has created extraordinary controversy and worldwide interest. Indications are that it will become one of the best sellers of all time. Portions of it are being published by Look Magazine. We will have the questions now from Lawrence E. Spivak, permanent member of the MEET THE PRESS panel. MR. SPIVAK: Mr. Manchester, almost everyone involved in the quarrel over your book The Death of a President has been hurt or somehow damaged—you, Mrs. Kennedy, Senator Robert Kennedy, President Johnson and the book itself, of course. Do you think your book will contribute enough to outweigh the damage done? MR. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE on Taste and Nation
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE On Taste and Nation Dissertation Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degrees of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Visual Studies by Anna Therese Kryczka Dissertation Committee Chancellor’s Professor Cécile Whiting, Chair Professor Catherine Liu Associate Professor Victoria E. Johnson 2016 © 2016 Anna Therese Kryczka DEDICATION To my family and friends with gratitude ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv CIRRICULUM VITAE v ABSTRACT vi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1 Historicism on the New Frontier: Making Taste in the Kennedy White House 23 CHAPTER 2 Oldenburg, Los Angeles, and A Certain America 65 CHAPTER 3 Art and Infrastructure: The Suburbs as Elsewhere 120 CHAPTER 4 Worthy Pleasure: TV, Video Art, and Cooking 168 CONCLUSION 229 BIBLIOGRAPHY 234 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to first thank my advisor Cécile Whiting whose prompt, thorough, and thoughtful guidance made the task of finishing the dissertation a joyful process. Her trust and support gave me the confidence to execute this project. My committee members Victoria Johnson and Catherine Liu were integral to the formation and articulation of this undertaking. Cécile, Vicky, and Catherine also importantly modeled three divergent and equally inspiring models of academic practice. I sincerely could not imagine a better committee. Beyond my committee, I wish to acknowledge Visual Studies faculty members Lucas Hilderbrand, Amy Powell, Bliss Lim, and Jamie Nisbet for their wise counsel and support. In anthropology I am grateful to have worked with and been encouraged by Keith Murphy, Bill Maurer, and Julia Elyachar. My dear friends and colleagues Robert J. Kett, Meredith Goldsmith, and Laura Holzman provided invaluable editorial and emotional support. -
Robert F. Kennedy's Dissent on the Vietnam War—I966
»-r /Jo, 5^0 A STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE: ROBERT F. KENNEDY'S DISSENT ON THE VIETNAM WAR—I966-I968 Craig W. Cutbirth A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 1976 An'nrnvprl hv T)r»r».toral nmrtmi ttee* i q ABSTRACT The Vietnam war -was one of the most hitter and divisive issues of the turbulent 1960’s. One American leader -who interacted with this issue was Robert F. Kennedy, United States Senator from New York. He was an ambitious man who had been the second most powerful man in the country during the Administration of John F. Kennedy. He was an acknowledged presidential aspirant. His actions and pronouncements attracted widespread attention—a source of potential benefit and danger for him. Kennedy planned his statements on the war with the utmost caution. He was particularly aware of the consequences of a personal break between himself and President Iyndon B. Johnson, wham Kennedy disliked and mistrusted. Accordingly, this study began with the assumption that Kennedy's planning involved the creation of a strategy through which he approached the Vietnam ,issue. Three of Kennedy's anti-war pronouncements were examined in this study. Each was considered an expression of Kennedy's rhetorical strategy. The nature of strategy was an object of some attention in this study. It was noted that the term has been used in a seemingly-contradictory manner. Accordingly, an attempt was made to clarify the nature of rhetorical strategy. It was determined that strategy is created to achieve some goal, and is implemented by certain tactics designed to energize audience support for the li rhetors position, thus achieving the desired goal. -
Warren Commission, Volume XVII: CE
("'it Ient'8t FILE No. 1-16-602 .111 TREY DEPARTMENT 7 UNITED S'L'ATES SECRET SERVICE Washington, D. C . White House Detail November 30, 1963 FINi,L SURVEY RE7CRT Re : Visit of the President, Mrs . Kennedy, the Vice President, and Mrs . Johnson to Dallas, Texas, where they were scheduled to attend a luncheon and the President was to speak. This luncheon was sponsored by the Dallas Citizens Council, the Dallas Assembly, and the Science Research Center on November 22, 1963 . Mr . James J. Rowley Chief, U . S. Secret Service Washington, D. C. Sir: INTRODUCTION Reference is made to my preliminary survey report dated November 19, 1963. This survey was conducted by SA Winston Iawson, Office 1-16, and SAIC Forrest Sorrels, Office 3-3, and assisted by SA David Grant, Office 1-16, from November 13 through November 22, 1963. SA Jerry Kivett, Office i-22, coordinated the Vice President's plans for the visit from November 18 through November 22, 1963. A large crowd was on hand to greet the Presidential Party at the airport. The motorcade route was lined by crowds which were quite large, especially in the downtown area . The invited guests were awaiting the arrival of the Presidential Party at the Trade Dart, the site of the luncheon and speech . Appropriate attire for this luncheon was a business suit . ITINERARY 11:35 a.m. The Vice President and Mrs. Johnson accompanied by other members of the party arrived at Lave Field, Dallas, Texas, aboard AF #2. (See attached Proposed Manifest for AF #2 - Fort Worth to Dallas .) Attachment #1 Confidential . -
Nigel West, 2009
OTHER A TO Z GUIDES FROM THE SCARECROW PRESS, INC. 1. The A to Z of Buddhism by Charles S. Prebish, 2001. 2. The A to Z of Catholicism by William J. Collinge, 2001. 3. The A to Z of Hinduism by Bruce M. Sullivan, 2001. 4. The A to Z of Islam by Ludwig W. Adamec, 2002. 5. The A to Z of Slavery & Abolition by Martin A. Klein, 2002. 6. Terrorism: Assassins to Zealots by Sean Kendall Anderson and Stephen Sloan, 2003. 7. The A to Z of the Korean War by Paul M. Edwards, 2005. 8. The A to Z of the Cold War by Joseph Smith and Simon Davis, 2005. 9. The A to Z of the Vietnam War by Edwin E. Moise, 2005. 10. The A to Z of Science Fiction Literature by Brian Stableford, 2005. 11. The A to Z of the Holocaust by Jack R. Fischel, 2005. 12. The A to Z of Washington, D.C. by Robert Benedetto, Jane Dono- van, and Kathleen DuVall, 2005. 13. The A to Z of Taoism by Julian F. Pas, 2006. 14. The A to Z of the Renaissance by Charles G. Nauert, 2006. 15. The A to Z of Shinto by Stuart D. B. Picken, 2006. 16. The A to Z of Byzantium by John H. Rosser, 2006. 17. The A to Z of the Civil War by Terry L. Jones, 2006. 18. The A to Z of the Friends (Quakers) by Margery Post Abbott, Mary Ellen Chijioke, Pink Dandelion, and John William Oliver Jr., 2006 19. -
Jacqueline Kennedy and the Refashioning of American Cultural Visuality in the Early 1960S
Wesleyan University The Honors College A Transformation of the First Ladyship: Jacqueline Kennedy and the Refashioning of American Cultural Visuality in the Early 1960s by Maria Nicole Massad Class of 2016 A thesis submitted to the faculty of Wesleyan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Departmental Honors in History Middletown, Connecticut April 12, 2016 Acknowledgements Before I begin my analysis of Jacqueline Kennedy’s First Ladyship, I want to thank several people without whom their guidance this project might never have been possible. First, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis advisor, Professor Patricia Hill. I owe so much to your wisdom, good judgment, and enthusiasm for my project. You helped me better articulate my ideas and strengthen my writing into a more cohesive argument. Your direction and support have been invaluable, and I sincerely thank you for your mentorship. To my academic advisor, Professor Ronald Schatz, who has cheered me on throughout my career as a student of history at Wesleyan University and ardently encouraged my decision to write a thesis. I am so grateful that I chose to take your “20th Century U.S. History” course; after all, it planted the seed of inquiry in my mind to investigate the impact of American culture during the 1960s. To Lauren Noyes and the staff of the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library, I thank you for assisting with my research endeavors in the archives this past summer. If not for your help, this project would not have come to fruition. -
Christine Camp Interviewer: Ronald J
Christine Camp Oral History Interview—JFK#2, 1/14/1966 Administrative Information Creator: Christine Camp Interviewer: Ronald J. Grele Date of Interview: January 14, 1966 Place of Interview: Washington, D.C. Length: 41 pages Biographical Note Camp, a John F. Kennedy (JFK) Senate and campaign staff member (1959-1960) and Assistant White House Press Secretary (1961-1963), discusses the card file that the 1960 Kennedy campaign kept of potential supporters and Democratic National Convention delegates, the operations of JFK’s press secretary’s office during the campaign and White House years, and campaign trips and later state visits that Camp did advance work for, among other issues. Access Open. Usage Restrictions Copyright of these materials have passes to the United States Government upon death of the interviewee. Users of these materials are advised to determine the copyright status of any document from which they wish to publish. Copyright The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excesses of “fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. -
One Day's Passage of Power from the Motorcade, to the Hospital, to Air Force One—And to the White House
. THE %V.IHT‘f.TON PfisT fit/VI 1)qr-3 Jack 'Mena One Day's Passage of Power From the motorcade, to the hospital, to Air Force One—and to the White House. rode serenely in the motorcade in the sixth Icar following the open convertible carrying President Kennedy and his wife, as well as John Connally, the governor of Texas, and his wife, Nellie. My advertising agency was han- dling the press during the Texas visit by the president and the vice president, and I came to that Dallas motorcade as the guest of Vice President Johnson. The day began so full of promise, the motor- cade moving slowing by teeming crowds along the streets, nary a hostile sign, only prolonged cheers and warm waves of affection from my fellow Texans. Liz Carpenter smiled happily at me, They do love this president, don't they?" she murmured. We turned under the overpass and around the grassy knoll onto Dealey Plaza nearing a building of forgettable architecture called the Texas School Book Depository: And then began those few minutes of wild disproportion, a ricochet of fear wrapped in ter- ror inside a nightmare. The car in front of us leaped forward, tires screaming against pave- ment, an Indianapolis racer. The sidewalks swarmed with people. The laughter vanished. 1t6"IN F [I The hospitable faces now puzzled, somber. FS Liz Carpenter, Pamela Turnure (Mrs. Ken- nedy's press secretary), Evelyn Lincoln (Pres- ident Kennedy's secretary) and I looked at each other in bewilderment. What was amiss? Sometimes the brain baffles the entry of a question it does not choose to answer, so hauntingly barren of virtue is the query. -
JACQUELINE KENNEDY and the POLITICS of POPULARITY by COURTNEY CAUDLE TRAVERS DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Th
JACQUELINE KENNEDY AND THE POLITICS OF POPULARITY BY COURTNEY CAUDLE TRAVERS DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor John Murphy, Chair Associate Professor Cara Finnegan Associate Professor Ned O’Gorman Associate Professor Jennifer Greenhill Associate Professor Pat Gill Abstract Although her role as first lady marked the real beginning of the American public’s fascination with her, Jacqueline Kennedy’s celebrity status endured throughout her life. Dozens of books have sought to chronicle that mystique, hail her style, and commend her contribution to the youthful persona of the Kennedy administration. She seems to be an object ripe for rhetorical study; yet, for many communication scholars, Kennedy’s cultural iconicity diminishes her legacy as First Lady, and she remains an exemplar of political passivity. Her influence on the American public’s cultural and political imagination, however, demonstrates a need for scholars to assess with greater depth her development from First Lady to American icon in the early 1960s. Thus, this dissertation focuses on three case studies that analyze Jacqueline Kennedy’s image across different media: fashion spreads in Vogue magazine and Harper’s Bazaar published immediately after the inauguration in 1961; her televised tour of the White House broadcast in February 1962; and Andy Warhol’s 1964 Jackie prints, which drew from her construction of the Camelot myth after JFK’s funeral. These case studies seek to show how “icon” becomes an inventional and conceptual resource for the role of a modern first lady and how Kennedy’s shift to public icon in her own right (after and outside of her position as first lady) was mediated in nuanced ways that both reflected early Cold War (suburban) culture and shaped the larger institutional discourses of which she was part.