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10-1971 Mill Pollution Walter A. Lawrance Bates College
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Recommended Citation Walter A. Lawrance Androscoggin River Studies Twenty Ninth Annual Report, October, 1971, Androscoggin River Studies, Box 6, Folder 1, Walter A. Lawrance Papers, Edmund S. Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine.
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walter Lawrance Papers by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER STUDIES
TWENTY- NINTH ANNUAL REPORT
1971
by Walter A. Lawrance
Lewiston , Maine October, 1971 I I I I I - I I r I I I
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1 .. \ TWENTY - NINTH ANNUAL REPORT
1971
INDEX '
Pages 1. Mill Pollution to the Androsoogg1n River 1 to 28 2. Androscoggin R1ver and Pool 1 to 41 Dissolved Oxygen and other tests Special Studied: Foam, Conduct vity S.S.l to 18 3. Androsoogg1n Pool 1 to 50 Bioohemical Activ1ty 4. Lewiston-Auburn General Data 1 to 24 5. Press Repoz'ts 1 to 82 6. Summaries; One. Two. Thr e and Four (P1aoed in front of Page one. Part One) 7. Oomputer Sheets. Baok of Report
:! PART ONE ESTIMATED POLLUTION LOADS TO ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER SUMMARY 1. The estimated daily average B.0.D.5 pollution loads, discharged to the Androscoggin River during the season, June one to September eleven and for a five week period, July five to August seven, were estimated to be: June 1-Sept.11 July 5-Aug.7 a. Brown Company 108,100 106,000 b. Oxford Paper Co. 70,750 62,750 c. International Paper Company Androscoggin Mill 37,070 40,210 Otis Mill 10,790 6.710 d. Total 226,700 215,700 2. Calculations for K1 indicate a variable but usually a high rate of Biochemical Oxygen Demand consumption in the river, from Berlin to North Turner Bridge. 3. The statistics for each sampling station are tabulated and summarized. 4. The average daily Pollution Loads (B.O.D.5 passing certain "key" locations were recorded as: Station July 5 - Aug. 7 June 1 - Sept. 11 a. Gorham (P.S.) N.H. 107,460 1bs 111,000 1bs b. Rumford (V.B.) Me. 28,360 " 32,350 " c. Riley Dam 47,270 " 54,020 " d. Livermore 70,770 78,580 e. North Turner Bridge 66,060 " 72,610 " into Andr. Pool " " 41 TWENTY -NINTH AtTNUAL REPORT PART TfflO ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND OTHER TESTS Summary 1971 1. From Berlin to Lewiston the condition b£ the river water was worse than in 1970. The quality of the water deterio rated rapidly during the seoond week of July and remained in a poor condition for the remainder of the season. Low flows, high temperatures and serious losses from the Mills were important factors . 2. Aeration at Riley Dam averaged 2. 0 ppm, equivalent to 26200 1bs. of oxygen per day. From July 26 to September 11 the average increase was 2. 5 ppm or 28700 lbs. per day_ Aeration in the Livermore Falls area appears to have been about 12000 1bs . ' oxyg n per day. Without this additional dissolved oxygen, conditions in the Pool and in the Lewiston area would .have been disastrous. 3. Discharge of pollution from the mills 'shut- down' and 'start-up' periods , for the July fourth and Labor day holidays, produce serious conditions . Additional efforts should be made to reduce the pollution load to a much lower level. 4. Two serious mechanical break- downs at Oxford Paper Company's Rumford mill resulted in large losses of white liquor. The second loss was a major factor in a large fish-kill. 5. Investigations, experiments and studies of Surfaoe Tension and oam are reported here; also Oonductivity and its relation to pollution from the mills . 6. Conductivity measurements may be employed to rapidly deter mine whether an unusual pollution load is originating at the local mill or an upstream source . 7. A brief summary of the work done on the Foam problem by the International Paper Company is included in this section of the report. 50 TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT PART THREE Androscoggin Pool 1971 Summary 1. The Androscoggin Pool downstream to Deer Rips Dam , was in a very bad condition from mid-June to mid-September. During July and August anaerobic water was present from Mile 4. 25 to Gult Island and at time, from Mile Six southwards . 2. The swnmer average dissolved oxygen load, 71690 1bs/day entering the Pool was the smallest since 1967. Owing, in part, to high upstream water temperatures and low flow. the average pollution load into the Pool was the smallest since 1966 . l .. The 1971 statistics appear to indicate that a reduotion ot about seventy thousand lbs/day of pollution load. entering the Pool. may be -necessary to maintain about two (2) ppm at Deer Rips Dam, during the period of very active Benthal in the Pool. 4. Water temperatures in the Pool were among the highest recorded for many years . The 1971 observed maximum was 27°0 (Bay 9). 5. Benthal deposits wer~ very active and floating sludge often covered large areas of the Pool , from Mile Six to Mile Two, and upstream from Turner Center Bridge. 6. Calculations indicate that bentha1 deposits, in the area between North Turner and Turner Center Bridges, contributed about 27000 Ibe of B.O . D.S per day, during the month of August. 7. Meohanica1 aeration at Gulf Island Dam, usually maintained a low aerobic condition in the upper fifteen feet of water entering the turbines. 8. At least three minor fish~kills occurred in the Pool; the dissolved oxygen in the area was too low for the fish to survive. 9. A preliminary survey of the Conductivity of the water in the Pool was made this summer . 10. Blue-green algae were observed on three days between Miles ' Two and Three. The patches were very small! few in number, and similar to those observed for many prev ous years. 24 TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT 1971 PART FOUR LEWISTON- AUBURN AREA Summary 1. Androscoggin river odor, in the local area, at tim s , was more intense than that observed in recent years. During the July fourth holiday week the odor was intense and very unpleasant. The public and local press were very critical. 2. River water passing through the canal system this summer was anaerobic on ten days and contained less than 0. 5 ppm dissolved oxygen on forty- six days . 3. River ·flows were lower than average, water and air temperatures were much higher than the long range averages. Local ~ress reports, editorials and "Letters to the Editor were very critical of both air and water poll ution. 5. Cross Checks by analysts from Oxford Paper Company and the Lewiston Group w re made once every two weeks on water sampled at Deer Rips Dam. 6, This report contains a tabulation of the average monthly river flows from 1965 to 1970 inclusive, (cf 1905 Report for the period 1927 to 1964) . 1 TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT PART ONE MILL POLLUTION LOADS 1971 Introduction. Biochemical Oxy~en Demands (B.O.D.5) and Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.) have been employed to determine the soluble pollution loads discharged to the Andros coggin River by, Brown Company, Oxford Paper Company and Interna tional Paper Company. Tests and analyses were made five days each week for the period June one to September twenty-four. The results and calculations are reoorded in tables and plots. The period chosen for detailed study was July five to August seven. Average water temperatures and river flows are recorded for each sector of the river. This part of the report contains the results of the B.O.D.5 tests and calculated pollution loads. Dissolved Oxygen and other determinations are the subject of Part Two . The computor at Oxford Paper Company was used to obtain weekly averages for D.O., B.O.D.5, Water Temperature and pH, at all stations Berlin, N.H. to Turner Center, Maine . A group of Bowdoin College students, during the summer, sampled and tested Androscoggin River water in the sector, Mila~ N.H o to Bethel, Maine. The stated objective 'I"Tas "a study of the ass1mulat1ve capacity of the upper Androscoggin River." BERLIN, New Hampshire This area extends from Berlin, N.H. to Bethel, Maine. Water is sampled at four 2 locations, Bell's (Mile l3g.g) about four miles upstream from Brown Company; Gorham (Public Service) (Mile 130.4); Gilead Bridge, Maine, (Mile 119.2) and Bethel (Mile 109.4). Some sta tistics from Virginia Bridge (Mile g7.6) are included but a more comprehensive account is available in the Rumford area section of this report\> BELL'S (Berlin). The pollution load passing this sampling station is very small and relatively oon stanta Only slight variations occur from year to year and these are due to changes in flow and temperature. The season's average available Dissolved Oxygen for each of seven years is: 1971 90600 lbs/day 1967 g2400 1be/day 1970 90000 n 1966 gg900 " 1969 112700 " 1965 70200 n 1969 104000 n The maximum average B. o. D. 5 was reported for t he week of August 14 as 107 ppm, an abnormally high concentration: the min imum was 0.6 ppm, recorded for two weeks in June . During the previous seven summer seasons, the average pollution load has ranged from 6g00 to 9g00 lbe/day; the 1971 average ie 11530 lb/d. 'Bell's' sampling station may have to be abandoned beoause water sampled there has yielded high Biochemical Oxygen Demands, which are not representative of the river area. Samples taken at the Bridge road (close to tBe1l's) yield results oomparab1e to those considered normal to that stretoh of the river. Brown Company is continuing this investigation and will issue a report at a later date. ) BELL'S (BERLIN, N.H.) Period D.O.· B.0.D.5 Flow Temp .. 1bs/day ppm 1bs/day ppm °C June 1-June 26 1160g0 6.5 9760 0.7 2499 17,,7 June 2g-Ju1y 31 79690 6.1 9060 0.9 1904 20.4 August 2-Aug . 26 61120 6.1 12220 1.2 1656 20.4 August 30-Sept.11 616)0 6.5 19770 2.0 U!26 16.9 Season Average 90590 6.2 11530 1.1 2047 19.5 *Two tests per week GORHAM, N.H. River water sampled at this location con (Public Service) tains, upstream natural pollution. wastes from Brown Company mills and untreated domestic wastes from Berlin and Gorham. Domestic loads are based on the accepted standard 0.167 lbs e B.0.D.5 per person, per day, assummed to be equivalent to 3600 lbs/day. for the two oities. GORHAM (N. H. ) D.O. B.0.D.5 Bell's ~ Gorham Ibs/day ppm Ibs/day ppm' D.O. lb/d B.O.D.lb/d June I - June 26 92000 6.7 1076)0 6~0 - 26060 ;i9785O June 26-July 31 54650 5.3 110170 10.7 -24630 101090 Aug. 2..Aug.26 51410 5.1 117050 11.6 -29710 t.104~30 Aug.30-Sept.11 60540 6.0 10: 7'720 10.6 ... 21290 :;. 67950 Season Average 64600 5.7 111000 10.2 -25990 .;. 99470 This season (June 1 to September 11) the highest reported B.0.D.5 was 19.0 ppm (July one) and the lowest 4.0 ppm on July six. Forty three days were reported as 10.0 ppm or above; in 1970 fifty-five days were reported 10. 0 ppm or above. The season's average B.0.D.5 load at Gorham is 111000 Ibs. per day; the 1970 average is 121,900 1bs/day" 4. Through the entire season the available dissolved oxygen was insufficient to meet the five day B.O.D.; the deficit averaged about 47200 Ibs. per day; the deficit for the 1970 season is 54600 Ibs. per day. A statistical summary of the data for the intensive study period, July 5 to August seven, is listed below. Station D.O. B.O.D.S Flow Temp. Ibs/day ppm Ibs/day ppm av.cfe. av.oC Bell's 79100 g.l 9700 1.0 20.3 Gorham 5)710 5q) 107460 10.6 20.) Change ... 25)90 -2.g t 97760 f 9.6 BERLIN AREA POLLUTION LOADS 1971 July 5-Aug. 7 June l-Sept. 11 Bell's total B.0.D.5 9700 lbs/day 115)0 Ibs/day Gorham" .n 107460 " 111000 n Loss Mill to Gorham (Estm.) IH:t40 " 12200 " Berlin total B.0.D.5 119300 " 12)200 " Less (9700 I )600)(11500 I )600) 13300 1bs!day 15100 1bs!day Brown Co~ Soluble Po1n. Load 106000 lbs!day 10glOO Ibs/day Brown Company's daily average soluble pollution load to the river, July 5 to August 7, was about 106,000 1bs. BoO.D.S per day. This load was reduced to 2g,)60 Ibs/day by microbial activity etc. during the average two and three quarter days (2.75) passage from Gorham to Virginia Bridge. This average loss of 7).7~ indicates a Kl 0.5) (base e) or kl 0.2) (base 10). The rates for intermediate areas are: S July 5 to August 7 °C(av.} Kl base e kl base 10 a. Gorham ~ Gilead 20.5 1.06 0.46 b5 Gilead --+ Bethel 20.7 0.g9 0,.37 c. Bethel ~ Rumford (VB) 21.2 0.39 0.17 d. Gorham ---+ Rumford (VB) 0.53* 0.23* 0.44** 0.19** *T of Passage 2.5 days **T of Passage 3.0 days July 5 - August 7 Gorham total B.0.D.5 107,460 lbs/day 53710 D.O.lbs/day Rumford (V.B,,) total B.0.D.5 28.360 " 49610" " Loss 79,100 n n Loss ~ 73.7 Kl 0.53 kl 0.23 In recent summer seasons the measured reduction of B.O.D.S has varied between sixty and seventy percent. The loss for the period July 5-August 7 appears to be 19OO lbs. B,O.D.5 per river mile; a higher rate of loss than that calculated for certain special study periodse The Kl's are tabulated for some of the major stations on the river at the end of this Part One, GILEAD 0 Gilead sampling station is located at Mile 11902 and is east of the Maine-New Hampshire State Line, (Mile 121.8). The highest reported B.OoD.5 is 8.2 ppm (gg6g4 lbs/day) on July 20 and the lowest is 3.5 ppm (36969 1bs/day) on July 9. 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I:i ! -; ~r: ~ II , -,= lt ~ ·~~i~A , ~~ lL: r-·~r ~ f.- '::,,---1 /\ I :;:' . ;". At-.. .~ .. ~ . ~, ... ~... -( '1· -., 0\ I :--.. - I ' . i ~ i - ~ i ' ~~ ~-t-Ll-- -r '~-I ;-i f · I 1 · 1 .1 -- \.. 1f-I '" -- (i"" I . , - : ,!, ~ . , '. , , " ,I'-.' .I . " .1 1 1- -t '-f-'-r-r-t=i I l-i ,- 'T r' , .,., -- '1 Ir-1. ., , . ' . . . . r ~ !. . . 1 I 20 2" ....{)1 10 1520 25 30 5 10 I S 20 25 10 I:; 20 2530 10 15 20 25001 10 I:; 202:; T 5 "AY JUNE JULY AlJCU~T · ' SEPTE'~B ER 1 9 i 1 YEAR OF 19 7 During July, August and to mid-September the available dissolved oxygen was insufficient to satisfy the five day biochemical oxygen demands. G!LEAD, MA INE Period D.O. B.0.D.5 Gorham ~ Gilead lbs/day ppm lbs/day ppm D.~ lbld B.O.D. lbld June l-June 26 92533 6.3 77929 5,,5 I- 530 -29700 June 28-July 31 47706 4.4 67060 6.2 -7l~3 -43114 Aug Q 2 -Aug.. 28 44147 4.2 70762 6.8 -72 3 -46284 Aug. 30-Sept.11 54480 5.2 62830 6.0 -6060 -44890 Season average 59610 5 0 0 70380 6.2 -4990 -40620 July 5 to August 7 Location D.O. B.Q.D.5 Flow Temg. lbs/d ppm lbs/d ppm av.cfs aVe C GorharD, N.H. 53710 5.3 107460 10.6 1~66 20.3 Gilead, Me" 46370 4.4 63490 6.1 1939 20.7 Change - 7340 0.9 -43970 4.5 Change~ 40.9% Kl 1.06 kl 0.46 The rate of oxidation in this sector appears to be very high, approximately 4000 lbs. B.0.D.5 per day per mile; comparable periods in 1969 and 1970 the loss averaged 2250 and 4820 lbs. per mile per day, respectively. The abnormal Kl is probably due, in part at least, to a considerable deposition of biogradable material in the areas back of the five dams. The statistics indicate a high rate of aeration in this sector. BETHEL. Bethel sampling station is located 9.g miles downstream from Gilead bridge. River water samples were tested daily, Monday through Friday. The highest pollution load was reported as ~.3 ppm on June 2. Sixty-four of the seventy... five B.0.D.5 tests were five ppm or 10l'J'er, the lowest test was 2.4 on July seven. During the season, there were fifteen days when the dissolved oxygen was insufficient for the B.0.D.5, however, the difference usually was very small. BETHEL Period D.O. B.0.D.5 Gorham --l Bethel lbs/d ppm lbs/d ppm D.O. 1b/d B.O.D. Ibid June l-June 26 97140 61>5 63063 4.3 f.5l40 -44567 June 2S-July 31 56757 5.2 49462 4.4 f1905 -60710 Aug .. 2- Aug.. 2S 50940 49g 47516 4.5 f. 469 -69534 Aug. 30.Sept.ll 56g10 5.4 40050 3.g :;'3730 -67670 Season average 65980 5.5 51320 4.3 1-1380 -59680 July 5 to August 7 Location D.O. B.O.D.5 Flow Temg lbs/d ppm lbs/d ppm av.cfs aVe C Gilead 46370 4.4 63490 6 .. 1 1939 20.7 Bethel 55320 5.2 43800 4.1 1967 20.7 Change I- g950 0.8 -19690 2.. 0 Change~ 31.0" Kl 0"g9 kl 0.37 9 The average decrease of B.O.D.5 from Gilead to Bethel, was 19690 lbs/day or 2010 lbs/mile per day. From Gorham to Bethel, the average daily decrease of pollution through this seotor was 63660 lbs. or 3060 lbs/mile/day. BETHEL: Cross Checks. During the testing season, sampling and analytical cross checks were made by analysts from Brown Company and Oxford Paper Company, at two week intervals, from June 11 to September 17 inclusive. The results are tabulated on the next page. 10 BETHEL Cross Check Date Station pH Temp" 0"0,, 0.0 .. B.O.D • . Difference °c ppm %Sat" ppm ppm June 11 Brown 6.4 16.3 7.15 72.0 3.7 Oxford 6.7 16.3 7.25 72.7 4.2 to.5 25 Brown 6.6 21.8 5.2 59.0 5.0 Oxford 6.5 21.8 5.2 58.8 5.5 ,to. 5 July 9 Brown 6.6 21.3 5.4 61.0 3.5 Oxford 6.6 21.3 5.4- 60.4 4.4 ;'0.9 2) Brown 6.6 21.0 4.95 55.0 5.1 Oxford 6.5 21.0 5.0 55.6 5.7 ;'0.6 Aug. 6 Brown 6.5 20.2 5.6 61.0 4.1 Oxford 6.5 20,,2 5.6 60.6 3.9 ;'0.2 20 Brown 6.6 22.2 3.4 44.9 4.3 Oxford 6.7 22.2 4.0 45.6 5.) /-1.0 Sept. 3 Brown 6.7 18.0 5.8 61.2 4.1 Oxford 6.6 17.8 5.8 61.1 4.5 /-0.6 Sept.17 Brown 6.6 19.0 5.2 55.3 3.5 Oxford 6.6 19.0 5.2 55.3 4.1 /-0.6 The major difference[ between the results obtained by the two analysts, working with the identical samples, is in the B.0.D.5 tests. Oxford's results are, with one exception, higher than those obtained by Brown's analysto Assuming Brown Companyts results as 100 then Oxford's are about 115. (A different variation exists between Oxford and International Paper analysts). The Technical Committee should make a careful study of this problem. 11 July 5 to August 7 Location 0.0.. B.0.D.5 Flow Temp. 1bs/d ppm 1bs/d ppm av.cfs av.oC B.ethe1 55320 5.2 43800 4.1 1967 20.7 Rumford (VB) 49610 4 .. 3 2a360 2.5 2120 21.7 Change - 5710 0.9 -15440 1.6 Change '" 34.5~ Kl 0 0 39 kl 0.17 River water passing from Bethel to Virginia Bridge (21.8 miles) lost an average of 15440 1bs. B.0.D.5 per day, or 710 Ibs. per mile per day.. The reduction of B.0.D.5 in this sector, during a comparable period in 1969 and 1970 was 600 and 745 Ibs. per mile per day, respectively. RUMFORD (VB ) Period D.O. B.O.D.S Bethel ~Rumrord 1bs/d ppm Ibs/d ppm (VB) D.o.1bs/d aOD.1bs/d June 1-June 26 100482 6.1 46868 2.9 f3341 -16195 June 28-Ju1y 31 49970 4.) 301~2 2.6 -6787 -19280 Aug. 2-Aug.. 28 45794 4.0 25090 2.2 -5147 -22426 Aug. 31-Sept.l1 56560 405 23240 2.1 - 250 -16~UO Season average 63210 4.8 32350 2.5 ... 2770 -V~970 RUMFORD (VB) Gorham ~ Rumford Period D.O. B.0.D.5 (VB) Ibs/d ppm 1bs/d ppm D.O.lbs/d" B.O.D.lbs/d June I-June 26 100482 6.1 46868 2.9 f847.9 -60761 June 28-July 31 49970 4.3 30182 2.6 ':'4880 -79990 Aug. 2-Aug. 28 45794 4.0 25090 2.2 -5616 -91960 Aug. 30-Sept.l1 56560 4.5 23240 2.1 -3980 -a4480 Season Aver. 63210 4.8 32350 2.5 -1390 -78650 12 July 5 to August 7 Stretch B.0.D.5 Loss per Stretch lbs/day %of total loss Gorham ~ Gilead 43970 55.5 Gilead --?Bethel 19690 25.0 Bethel ~ Rumford ( VB ) 15440 19.5 Total 79100 100 Gorham ~ Rumf ord(VB ) Ibs/day %Loss 107460 2g360 79100 73.7 A study of this summary appears to indicate that the processes involved in the reduction of B.O.D. in the river are variable and complex; the important ones are: a e Availability of dissolved oxygen b. Nature of the soluble organic compounds c. Rate of settling of suspended solids and colloids d. Diffu ion of biodegradable compounds from benthal eo Acclimatized bacteria The calculated Kl, for the Gorham-Gilead stretch, has been and still is very high and the comparatively low loss of dissolved oxygen, indicate that settling of biodegradable material is an important factor. If the settling is not important, then the reaeration is incredibly high. Only the Bethel-Virginia Bridge sector has moderate kl values. During the season, there were n2 days reported at Rumford(VB) when the dissolved oxygen was insufficient to meet the five day B.O.D. The daily average D.O. was 4.g ppm and the average B.0.D.5 was 2.5 ppm, a surplus more than adequate for the probable ulti mate biochemical oxygen de and. 13 Rllt;FORD area. Sampling stations, Virginia Bridge, Dixfield (S.P.) and Canton Point Bridge are located in this stretch of the river. The season extends from June one to September eleven and the intensive study period from July five to August seven. Test and analyses were made five days each week; samples were not taken on Saturdays. DIXFIELD {SWAN'S PIT} Owing to the problems involved in obtain ing r presentative samples from the Dixfield Bridge, this station was abandoned in June. The 1970 recommendation of the Technical Committee, that permanent structures be installed at "Swan's Pit" and that location be used for sampling river water was effected and placed in regular use. The Environ mental Commission has obtained samples for testing at Swan's Pit station. The B.0.D.5 average daily load at Dixfield(SP) was 75260 lbs. for the five week period and 84300 1bs. for the fifteen week season. The maximum recorded B.O.D.S was 14.5 ppm and the minimum dissolved oxygen 2.1 ppm both on August sixteen. DIXFIELD (SWAN'S PIT) Rumford Period D.O. B.0.D.5 (VB) ~ Dixfield , lbs/day ppm 1bs/d ppm 1l c.b/s B;O.D.5Jb /d June l-June 26 116372 6.5 99778 5.g ,t15890 ,t52910 June 28.Ju1y 31 52273 4.5 75842 6.4 .J. 2)0) f.45660 Aug. 2-Aug. 28 44059 3.9 g4495 7.6 - 1730 1.59410 Aug. 30-Sept.1l 60200 5.1 74120 6.3 - " 3640 f50g80 Season average 68230 4.9 84300 6.5 - 5020 f51590 14 July 5 to August 7 Location D.O. B.0.D.5 Flow Temp. 1bs/d ppm Ibs/d ppm av.cfs av.oC Rumford(VB) 49610 4.3 2g360 2.5 2120 21.7 Dixfie1d(SP} 51320 4.4 75260 6.4 2174 20,,6 Change I- 1710 0.1 /-46900 3.9 Oxford Paper Company's B.O.D.5 pollution load has been cal culated for two periods. 1. July five to August seven; a relatively stable period, and for the 2. Entire season June one to September eleven. the results of the tests made September thirteen to twenty-five are not included. OXFORD PAPER CO~PANY POLLUTION LOAD 1971 July 5-Aug. 7 June l-Sept.l1 1. Rumford (VB) B.O.D.5 2~360 1bs/d 32)50 1bs/d 2. Dixfield (SP) " 75260 " 84)00 " 3. Loss to S.P. Estm. " 18050 " 21000 " 4. Rumford area Total It 93310 " 105300 1bs/d 5. Less (2~360 I- 2200)(32350 I- 2200) )0560 " 34550 " 6, Oxford Paper Company B.O.D.5 tt Pollution load to River 62750 It 70750 July 5 to August 7 Location D.O. B;,o.D,5 Flow Temp. Ibs/d ppm 1bs d ppm av.cfs Elv.oC Dixfield (SP) 51320 4.4 75260 6.4 2174 20.6 Canton Pt Bridge 4g~~0 4.1 67930 5.8 2201 21.4 Change - ' ~ 0 0.3 - 7330 0.6 '\ ( ( ( BIOCnEMIC AL OXYGEN DEM AND 5 day - 20°C ppm --T::....--l-~-=-I.=}f_ _ T-_-T_--'r-_-T_~2;:.5 _....;20rr_-i5:..,..._;;1 0=-~I:.;S:.....-:2:.:0:...... ;.2;.5 10 20 25 30 10 15 ~o 2S -; ~ . , I • I ; I , : ! :;1 i jiii ti, ' _:-1: ' i '1 ':I .: : ; 1 ! : ;.:;...!: S\llAN S ' f - • HI I ; I ,-!~ --'.+' --' -- '-:,-;' ;.. ~- I , . ' c- •.•' c - ~i- H" J-+ -t+ -~.. -- '--'.' ~ ~" .~ .'11'i!IFw~If -, 11-1-- -~ . -; . _L--r_-·.. - l- · -,_._ - , ~ J-t~-_ :,." : L ; - ~ ~l-_ ~i ' ~:~ .---.-- ~~.:.- . ... 1... ,. , joI. -' UrTT0~~trif~~~.l.:..J:L:.w:CANTON POINTttH-+ rl, ';':-+d=V; ~Fi=~=i=l=L ,-; -=;1 ;. ::i: '1'r. ,,::--i i " L i.e"OC :: ,: , i ' ' ; '-;. ._-] ., .. , .. .;::~~-:_.;:::-..".. I: ; ,,__ ; : .,. . ' " '.1 _.- --, , ' ::~ L i :; : : ,i1 I!i::11:Iii!: -~ : .I -! - ~ _.. ..,.. . .. I RILEY -I: I . - -'- - " -.- .. , - . :i;: ' T- 'r i~; II;~~ ' l!T r:! !I !imm ~i- ' -' '1 ~ ,~o .· I1H~ l i~tY± ":'~ C\j.. ,0\.,~'lNI' ~L " --.-- __ i ;_ rtI :,':J,-- ~ - J,", ~'+ ""-_, , ~-: O -j ·r :}.: -=+ ~L~ :I I~or1TT1lt1~;;~~~tH-R8td8~~h-b--W+4klli-llGr$IiirD1_~;'" 'T- ~-- I · l ' ~- - -.:- l j,- , ' p~ : r~ .~; , :- 1, rH~: tk~ t,! : :L Llitl:I: Il:f, '" I I I I i ~/ . i~ r frj-: .~±i:t +H-;- r~fj .. 20 2.-.v . I: I ,1, Ll~ 1.1='1 _ Ti-=il ':::" 10 15 20 25 30 - ~ r 10 15 20 .25 30 10 15 20 .2S r.~AY 10 JU1NE5 20 25 10 J ~ ~ Y 20 25 30 A U G U ~ T SE PiEMBER 1 ~ 7 1 YEAR OF 19 16 During the passage of the river water through this sector (6.8 miles) there was 8. ·dai1y average loss of about 1080 1bs. ot B.O.D.5 and 420 1bs. of dissolved oxygen per mile. CANTON POINT BRIDGE. This sampling station is located at Mile 71.7 and 15.9 miles from Virginia Bridge, The highest 1971 recorded B.0.D.5 is 7.6 ppm on June 21; there were only four days when the load was seven ppm or higher. Data obtained from water sampled at this place on the river, frequently indicate that the high pollution load is reported on Mondays. CANTON POINT BRIDGE Period D.O, B.O.D,5 Rumford ~ cantic 1bs/d ppm 1bs/d ppm D.o.ThsA B.O.D.lbs d June 1-June 26 115206 6.2 92386 5.3 -8096 f455Ht June 28-Ju1y 31 48770 4.2 68451 5.8 -3503 f.38270 Aug. 2-Aug. 28 · 38759 3.4 67247 5.9 -7035 f.42157 Aug, 30-Sept.11 56500 4.7 62750 5.2 - 60 ;t59510 Season Average 64850 4.6 73750 5.6 -1640 ,t41400 July S - August 7 Location D.O. B.O.D.S Flow Temp. 1bs/d ppm 1bs/d ppm av.cfs av.OC Canton Point 48440 4.1 67930 5.7 2201 21.4 Riley Dam 45130 3.8 47270 4.4 2210 22.2 Change - 3310 0.3 -20660 1.4 Change" 30.4~ K1 0.37 k1 0.16 The extensive 'fish-kill' which occurred in this and the adjacent upstream sector on August 16 is described in the section. which contains data and comment, on pH variations in the Androscoggin River. 17 JAY. MAINE area. Five sampling stations are located in this area, Riley. Dam , Pump House, Jay, Chisholm (Otis) and Livermore Falls, B.O.D.5 determinations are not made on the Pump House samples; the pollution load is approx imately the same as that at Riley. Chisholm samples are t aken before the river water enters the mill; Livermore Falls samples are from water leaving the shut-down mill-site and should contain pollution contributed by the Otis mill. RILEY DAM. Every Thursday through the season, water samples usually were taken at the same time by the analysts from International Paper Company and Oxford Paper Company . The results and comparisons of the 'cross- checks' are tabulated on an adjacent page. The important differ ences a r e with the B.O.D.5 determinations, they are larger and more frequent than would be expected. The Technical Committee should investigate this problem and try to find a solution. The oontinuous and extensive aeration at Riley and other area Dams is recorded in Part Two of this report~ During the July five to August seven period, the river water arriving at Riley Dam frequently had three ppm or less of dis solved oxygen. The lowest report is l . g ppm on August 19 and 19. The two highest B.O.D.5 were recorded as 11 . 7 ppm and 11.1 ppm on June 2a and 29 respectively. 18 By mutual agreement, for purposes of calculating pollution loads only International Paper Company's results are employed . RILEY Cross Cheek Date Station Temp, pH D,O. D.O, B.0.D.5 Difrer- C ppm cf; Sat. ppm ences June 3 I.P.Co 17.0 6.7 6.7 69.1 2.0 'J . 3 Oxford 16.4 6.7 6.6 66.8 3.3 ,Ll.3 10 I.P.Co 18.7 6.5 6.5 2.2 10 Oxford 18.2 6.6 6.5 68.6 3.0 ,l1.0 17 I.P,Co 19.6 6.5 5.5 59.8 3.6 17 Oxford 21.0 6.6 5.3 58.9 2.8 ,LO.6 24 I.P.Co 22.1 6.8 4.1 50.0 5.5 24 Oxford 22.1 6.7 4.0 45.5 3.7 ,l1.8 July 1 I.P.Co 23.0 6.8 4.2 49'i 9.9 1 Oxford 23.5 6.7 2.8 32. 6.2 f3.7 8 I.P.Co 23.0 6.9 3.1 35.7 6.2 8 Oxford 23.0 6.7 3.0 34.5 3.9 /'2.4 15 I.P,Co 21.5 6.6 3.0 40.0 5.0 15 Oxford 21.5 6.7 3.1 34.8 3.6 f1.4 22 I. P.·Co 21.0 6.9 3.4 37.8 2.9 22 xford 21.0 6.9 3.3 36.7 4.3 /'1.4 29 I.P.Co 22.8 6.7 3.7 42.6 2.0 29 Oxford 22.3 6.7 2.4 27.4 3.3 ,l1.3 Aug. 5 1. p.Co 21.4 7.0 2.5 27.8 4.0 5 Oxford 21.4 6.7 2.5 28.0 4.1 ,to. 1 12 1.P.Co 22.9 6.4 2.0 23.0 3.4 12 Oxford 23.4 6.7 1.9 22.0 3.5 ,l0.1 19 I.P.Co 22.1 6.6 1.g 20.4 3.8 19 Oxford 22.1 6.6 1.7 19.3 4.2 ,l0.4 26 I.P.Co 18.9 6,5 3.1 33.9 3.9 26 Oxford 19.0 6.7 3.0 31.9 ,l0.8 Sept. 2 I.P.Co 17.4 6.6 3.8 39.2 i·.17 2 Oxford 17.4 6.9 3.8 39.5 4.7 f1.4 9 1. p.Co 21.3 6.6 3.3 36.7 5.2 9: Oxford 6.8 21.2 1.6 17.9 4.6 ,l0.6 20 RILEY DAM Period D.O. B.O.D.5 Canton ~ Riley lba/d ppm lba/d ppm D. O. 1bsftl aO.D.Tha/d June l-June 26 111975 5.9 5505g 3.2 -3231 ...37328 June 28.Ju1y 31 48350 4.1 64000 5.6 - 420 - 4390 Aug. 2-Aug. 28 30870 2.7 40200 3.6 -7709 27O 7 Aug. 3O-Sept.1I 49970 4.1 54490 4.6 -6530 _,- '82 i0 Season Average 62670 4.2 54020 4.3 -2180 ..19730 July 5 to August 7 Location D.O. B.O.D.S Flow Temp. lbs/d ppm 1bs/d ppm av .. afs av.OC Rumford (VB) 49610 4.3 28360 2.S 2120 21.7 Riley Dam 45130 3.g 47270 4.4- 2210 22.2 Change - 4480 0.5 118910 1.9 - JAY. This sampling station is looated about one mile downstream from the Androscoggin Mill and 2.8 miles from Riley Dam. The analytical and test results are summarized below. JAY Period D.O. B.O.D.5 Riley Jay lbs/d ppm lbs/d ppm D.O.lbs/d B.O.D.lbsJb June l ..June 26 129391 6.9 90592 5.0 1.17516 ~35534 June 28..Ju1y 31 68H~2 5.8 77942 6.5 ~19831 1)882 Aug. 2-Aug. 28 57566 5.0 62268 5.3 ~26696 f.22068 Aug. 30..Sept.11 74340 6.1 69150 5.6 !-24370 !-14660 Season Average 82490 5.9 75960 5.6 119820 121940 July 5 to August 7 Location D.O. B.0.D.5 Flow Temg _ 1bs/d ppm 1bs/d ppm av.cfs avo C Riley 45130 3.8 47270 4.4 2210 22 .. 2 Jay 6g880 5.7 71960 5.9 2221 22.5 Change/23750 1.9 124690 1.5 21 The three highest B.O.D.5 reported were 11.8, 12.0, and 11.0 ppm on June 28, 29, and 30, respectively. International Paper Company's B.0.D.5 pollution load, based on the results obtained with water sampled at Jay, have usually been lower than expected but those for the 1971 season are about the same for (into) Otis as those for Jay. CHISHOUJ1 (Otis). River water is sampled just prior to entering the Otis Mill. At this location the pollution load should be uniform and the samples representa tive of existing conditions. CHISHOLM (OTIS) Period D.O. B.O.D.5 Jal ~ Otis lbs/d ppm 1bs/d ppm D.o.!bs,Id .0. D. 1bs/d June l-June 26 133229 7.1 87979 1< 3838 ..2613 June 28-Ju1y 31 57506 4.9 73886 i·.29 -10676 -4056 Aug, 2-Aug.28 55247 4.9 61892 5.3 - 2319 ... 376 Aug. 30-Sept.ll 71420 5.7 68970 5.7 - 2920 - 180 Season Aver 78950 ;.6 73790 5.6 ... 3;40 -2170 July 5 to August 7 Location D.O. B.O,D.; Flow Temg. 1bs/d ppm lbs/d ppm av.cfs aVe C Riley Dam 45130 3.8 47270 4.4 2210 22.2 Chisholm (Otis)(to) 58750 4.9 71480 6.0 2223 23.3 Change 113620 1.1 124210 1.6 July 5 to August 7 Location D.O. B.O.D.; Flow Temp, 1bs/d ppm lbs/d ppm av.efs av.oa Jay 68880 5.7 71960 5.9 2221 22.5 Chisholm (into) 58750 4.9 71480 6.0 2223 23.3 Change -10130 0.8 ... 480 0.1 Change~ 0.67f, 22 LIVERMORE FALLS. This sampling station is located at the water exit from the shut-down Livermore Falls Mill. The results obtained here ino1ude pollution from the Otis Mill. The dissolved oxygen 'pick-up' in the sector of the river is due to the aeration at the Dams. The average daily increase for th~ season was at least about 12010 lbs/day. LIVERMORE FALLS Period D.O. B.O.D.S Otis --+ Liv.Fal18 lbs/d ppm lbs/d ppm D.OJ.be/d B.O.D.lbs/d June 1-June 26 141369 7.6 99300 5.6 .;. 8104 f11321 June 28-Ju1y 31 71499 6.1 73844 6.1 !-1-.13993 -' 42 Aug. 2-Aug. 28 68547 6.0 64955 5.7 13300 I-. 3063 Aug. 30-Sept.11 83650 6.9 76190 6.3 /.12230 /. 7220 Season Average 90960 6.6 78580 5.9 !-120l0 j. 4790 July 5 to August 7 Location D.O. B.0.D.5 Flow Temg. Ibs/d ppm lbs/d ppm av.cfs avo C Chisholm (in) 58750 4.9 71480 6.0 2223 23.3 Liv.Fal1s 73100 6.1 70770 5.9 2223 24.3 Change !-14350 1.2 .f.' . 710 0.1 The average daily measured l2!! of B.O.D.5 between these two stations for the entire testing season was 4790 Ibs. 23 INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY POLLUTION LOAD 1971 July 5-Aug.7 June l-Sept . ll Riley Dam total B.O.D.5 47270 1bs/d 54020 lbs/d Chisholm (in)" " 71400 .. 73790 " Loss Riley to Otis 16000 " 17300 " Total E!7M~0 tt 91090 .. Less 47270 " 54020 tt I.P.Co. Pollution Load to River at Jay 40210 tt 37070 tt Chisholm (in) total B.0.D.5 7l4f!0 " 73790 tt Livermore tt " 70770 " 78580 tt Measured Loss "Gain" 710 .. 4790 " Estm. Loss Otis to Liv. Falls 6000 tt 6000 tt I.P.Co. Pollution Load to River at Liv. Falls 6710 " 10790 " NORTH TURNER BRIDGE. During June the B.O.D.5 load in river water passing from Livermore Falls to North Turner Bridge, increased on an average of about 11000 lbs. per day. Average flow was 3449 efs and considerable flushing of the river may have produced the higher bioehernica1oxygen demands. From July five to August seven the B.0. D.5 decreas,r was 4710 1bs. day. during the entire season a decrease of 5970 lbs/day was reported. At North 'Turner the highest reported B.O.D.S was 10.1 ppm (145320 Ibs/day) on June twenty-one and the lowest D.O. was 1.7 ppm on August nineteen. (of Part Two of this Report). 23 INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY POLLUTION LOAD 1971 July 5-Aug.7 June l-Sept.ll Riley Dam total B.0.D.5 47270 Ibs/d 54020 1bs/d Chisholm (in)" " 71480 " 73790 " Losa Riley to Otis 16000 " 17300 " Total ~7400 « 91090 " Less 47270 tt ;4020 " I.P.Oo. Pollution Load to River at J y 40210 " 37070 " Ohisholm (in) total B.0.D.5 714~O 73790 " "tt Livermore " 70770 " 785 0 Measured Loss "Gain" " 710 " 4790 tt Estm. Losa Otis to Liv. Falls 6000 " 6000 " I.P.Co. Pollution Load to liver at Liv. Falls 6710 " 10790 " NORTH TURNER BRIDOE. During June the B.O.D.5 load in river water passing trom Livermore Falls to North Turner Bridge, increAsed on an average or about 11000 lbs. per day. Average flow was 3449 ete and oonsiderable flushing of the river may have produced the higher biochemical oxygen demands. From July five to August seven the B.0.D.5 deereaS8j was 4710 lba. day, during the entire season a decrease of 5970 lbs/day was reported. At North Turner the highest reported B.0.D.5 was 10.1 ppm (145320 lbs/day) on June twenty-one and the lowest D.O. was 1.7 ppm on AU~8t nineteen. (cf Part Two of this Report). NORTH TURNER BRIDGE Period D.O. B.0.D.5 t.F..... N.T.B. 1bs/d ppm Iba/d ppm n.o.1be/d B.O .D.lbs/d June I-Jun 26 124541 6.) 100262 5.5 -16S2f! ~10962 June 2~-July )1 54415 4.6 66660 ,.6 -1701!4 - 7184 Aug. 2.Aug. 28 4),6g ),g 5704.9 4.9 -2i979 - 7906 Aug. )0.Sept .. 11 66720 5.) 6)290 4.4 -1 930 ..12900 Season Avera~e 71g60 4.9 72610 5.2 -19100 .. 5970 (Five tests per week) July , to AUgUAt 7 Location D.O. B.O.D.5 'low Temp. 1bs/d ppm 1be/d ppm av.ers aVe C Livermore Falls 73100 6.1 70770 5.9 2223 North Turner Br. ",ao 4..6 66060 5.4 2257 Chan,e -17520 1.5 - 4.710 0.5 Chang•• 14.4_ Kl 0.2)7 kl 0.10 2' Recapitulation ot Kl and kl Gorham to North Turner Bridge July flve - August seven, 1971 Kl(base e) kl(base 10) Temg. av, C 1. Gorham to Gilead 1.06 0.1.6 20.5 2. Gilead to B thel O.~ 0.37 20 . 7 ). Bethel to Rumford (VB) 0.)9 0.17 21.2 4. Gorham to Rumford (VB) 0.53 0.23 5. Rumford Mill to Dixfield (S?) 0.65 0.2S 20.1 6. O.nton Point to Riley Dam 0.37 0.16 21.8 ? Rumford Mill to Riley Dam 0.40 0.17 S, Livermore Falls to No. Turner 0,2) 0.10 2).7 . Noter These oalculations are based on laboratory determinations. Factors, other than pollution direct from the Yi11s, which influences the actual load at a given location are: 1. Rate ot river flow 4. B.O.D. ~ain by ditfusion 2. Water temperature from Benthal deposits. 3. Aeration 5. LoSB ot B.O.D, by settling and adsorption when suspended solids settle. ( ( ( BIOCh~ICAL OXYGEN DEMAND 5 day - ~ooC ppm !O , 2;"" r\ 10 IS 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 -.- .. I , LLL, k, 'V... NORTH TURNER BRIDGE itt l -R-+ ~" fT!liJfil :11 'i, ~ iii' iif·: .,-i-'- .:.; '.22 ::~ "--.., ~~-:::-. -=-=--.-:~~ I ==;$~"';;'FC :-".:-:- :=-.-~ .~-:-:~ . 1.1 _1_ _...... ~ t l i ~~_L: 1-+++: ., : ~-r o ; I~ . ! - ',:i Ii l rnrJ1fAi lAtlliJ t I I{W'LI'X~ ~ I~ !~,~ c; J~ ciJ ,1ti, ~ " -::-~ 'I" , .. . , /-----..-....., KI' " ' If,'f L 'I r~Tt ,. \ ' I \A/v;-:- I V ~ ~\ , J Ie\/ '. . . ~ ~:Ll' I 1\ -I /\./ \ N - -~~= $ , 0 .";- 1'0~ · ~/ -- ._.c., ''-=i'- ~-7 : H~: I V;T~ fl'C: ldfLi1f± ~ \ , ., ' J:., --.-:---.~.-: +.. =.:\- =-'" Y-:\".N''--./"V ~:<= ~ . V~~~ 1',- . I ~ . , I."V" .' !'I IV-: li~! II I f 1\ ,j IJ !LjtTt:\CI ' .t-rt. ~_'r '''==:1= _:2_ =:: ~- :- == _.- :.-= .:::: ~ =---. -. - ---- ---~ - ,- '/i ITri '1 ,~ , : r~! i ~TI !! l' N ' ~,: -,- --;- - -'. - t--: --- -:------.-: - :.-:-. -- ::::- . .--.- -:'=-:-1- ,... 1 '; I d ·j·1 LU_I 1~1#1.1 'i ! . I . - -- . - - --.-- _ . - , . , IT T '''' 'rrl 'T- tl.lJ -- ,-1- -' ,-'I t.=.:="'1I~ ' --· ·· ·O-· l ' -,, - " -1/--1 "r~, ' ".1: i .' " .. - ~, . 1._. ------:.---' -'--'------_.- ---.- .. '-- - -- ~.---.'-.- ----. -. . I I , I ::: .' ' 1'1 1-11 11' -ttl!;:, .c .. ~:~'.-~ +:~ .... ' _+ ".-:-:f-:= .. -, --- "r r::' TURNER CEN TER BRIDGE I~r~ iii, !til· ~iil ·'T.:~ . --... ,~[:.-. :.---=~] T ' , i:" i' 1"/ I :! I I!!: II l ~ ! ~ lA, i!) T iii! "',,-T'-,}'_ --' I i=-:~'-'" .-::::;'-.---,-... == -:==--· 1' ;i.: ~.oh,,~ .••• •• F) Vh &.L :.~I::! t;I! 1tHV.l.. II ¥rf~11 .•. /~v~~ '~\N ' ;';- 'iL'---' .. , ) ~:.c. ~~ " ~- ,:: , ' .--~J . ,,· 1 '-_ _!-I I": 'I·! I ,!~., I' fr I, '"I, I : ~ ! 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'Ll'l, ; ~;:: ~1.:"1.. ~.:: . . . , .... ,---- .,:..j.L .___ ._. -- , ,,', .1 .. 11 , i-II ~I:I -fU .p- ~ [:':,R-H·f rll, Ill.: It'" ,! ,.... 1~- · · 1 ' .. ' . .. 1' 1 ' " 5 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 .25 20 25 "" 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 l~ 20 2 5 5EPTE .... SER MAY JU NE JULY AU GUST 1 \:)7 1 YEAR OF 19 27 ESTIMATED B.0.D.5 POLLUTION LOADS to the ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER 1971 Company July 5-August 7 June 1-September 11 B.0.D.5 Percent B.0.DS5 Peroent av.lbs!d of Total av.lbe!d of Total Brown Company 106000 49.1 108100 47.7 Oxford Paper Company 62750 29.1 70750 31.2 International Paper Co. Androscoggin Mill 40210) 37070~ Otis Mill 6710) 21.~ 10790 21.1 Total 215700 226700 BIOCHEMICAL OXY GEN DEMAND (Five day, 2000.) Average Daily Loads (lba.) Passing July 5-August 7 June 1-September 11 1. Gorham 107460 111000 2. Rumford (VB) 2~360 32350 3. Riley Dam 47270 54020 4. Livermore 70770 7g580 5. North Turner Bridge 66060 72610 into Andro. Pool