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El Sector De La Construcción En El Reino Unido

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El Sector De La Construcción En El Reino Unido Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Londres El mercado de la construcción en el Reino Unido NotasSectoriales 1 El mercado de la construcción en el Reino Unido Esta nota ha sido actualizada por Sara Jauregui bajo la supervisión de la Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Londres Junio 2007 NotasSectoriales 2 EL MERCADO DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN EN EL REINO UNIDO ÍNDICE I. PANORÁMICA GENERAL DEL SECTOR 5 II. PREVISIONES DE LA INDUSTRIA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN 7 III. SUBSECTORES DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN 9 1. Vivienda pública 9 2. Vivienda privada 9 3. Comercial e Industrial 10 4. Educación y sanidad 11 5. Infraestructura 11 IV. OFERTA DE MATERIALES DE CONSTRUCCIÓN 13 V. DISTRIBUCIÓN DE MATERIALES DE CONSTRUCCIÓN 15 1. Mayoristas 15 2. Cadena de bricolaje 15 3. Fabricantes y productores de materiales de construcción 15 4. Establecimientos especializados 16 V. EL PROCESO DE ESPECIFICACIÓN 17 VI. SUGERENCIAS PARA LA ENTRADA AL MERCADO 18 1. Agentes y Distribuidores: cómo encontrarlos 18 2. Concursos 19 3. Medios de pago 19 4. Presentación de la empresa e imagen de España 19 5. Normativa 20 6. Las ferias y el contacto personal 20 VII. EL EFECTO LONDRES 2012 21 VIII. ANEXOS 23 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Londres 3 EL MERCADO DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN EN EL REINO UNIDO 1. Principales empresas constructoras 23 2. Principales Centros de bricolaje 24 3. Principales mayoristas 24 4. Asociaciones 24 5. Organismos Públicos 25 6. Publicaciones del sector 26 7. Ferias 26 8. Direcciones de utilidad 28 9. Fuentes 29 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Londres 4 EL MERCADO DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN EN EL REINO UNIDO I. PANORÁMICA GENERAL DEL SECTOR El 2006 se produjo un crecimiento firme de las actividades comerciales, industriales y de la construcción en el Reino Unido. Sin embargo, la lentitud del Gobierno en llevar a cabo los programas de inversión en determinadas áreas clave de la construcción, ralentizó este crecimiento. Se pronostica un incremento de las inversiones en el sector público para los próximos tres años. Por consiguiente, se espera un modesto crecimiento económico, superior a los años anteriores, que se mantendrá en alza durante los años 2008 y 2009 pero que perderá velocidad en años posteriores. Mientras que la inflación de los precios de la vivienda ha alcanzado su punto más alto durante los últimos 12 meses, los datos de construcción de viviendas se han mantenido sin apreciar cambios. A pesar de que las constructoras de viviendas mostraron una consolida- ción del número de ventas de viviendas de nueva construcción, este aumentó solamente re- sultó ser de un 2%. Se espera que se estabilicen las condiciones del mercado durante 2008 al tiempo que los altos tipos de interés y los ingresos provocarán desconfianza en los inversores. Está pre- visto que la construcción, tanto de vivienda pública como de privada, no incremente de forma contundente. Por el contrario, en lo relativo a la construcción de oficinas, así como en los pro- yectos de sanidad y educación, se espera un fuerte aumento. Además, a partir del 2008 la in- dustria se beneficiará de los Juegos Olímpicos del 2012. Después de tres años de descenso en la construcción de infraestructuras, se confía en que se inicie una recuperación. Lo mismo se prevé que suceda con las inversiones de agua y alcantarillado, así como con la construcción de carreteras y ferrocarril. Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Londres 5 EL MERCADO DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN EN EL REINO UNIDO En conjunto, según estimaciones, la actividad del sector privado de la construcción crecerá hasta alcanzar un 2,7% en 2007 respecto al año anterior, acompañado de superiores niveles de producción y una recuperación de la actividad de reparaciones y mantenimiento. Para 2008 y 2009 se pronostican crecimientos de la industria que alcancen un 3,00% y un 3,5% respectivamente. La principal fuente de este crecimiento será el sector comercial, com- plementado con inversiones del sector público. Durante los años 2010 y 2011 se espera que el crecimiento se ralentice. Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Londres 6 EL MERCADO DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN EN EL REINO UNIDO II. PREVISIONES DE LA INDUSTRIA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN Millones de ₤ 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Vivienda Pública 2,291 2,520 2,722 2,858 2,915 25.0% 10.0% 8.0% 5.0% 2.0% Privada 11,464 11,464 11,578 11,926 12,284 2.0% 0.0% 1.0% 3.0% 3.0% Total 13,755 13,984 14,300 14,784 15,199 13.9 1.7% -0.3% 2.8% 3.0% Otros Nueva Construcción Sanidad y Educación 7,012 6,580 6,596 6,759 6,839 -4,5% -6,2% 0,2% 2,5% 1,2% Infraestructuras 5,221 5,642 5,865 6,298 6,465 -2,2% 8,1% 4,0% 7,4% 2,7% Industrial 3,937 4,019 3,914 3,809 3,872 9,9% 2,1% -2,6% -2,7% 1,7% Comercial 14,189 15,598 17,087 18,096 18,665 10,1% 9,9% 9,6% 5.9% 3.1% Total otros nueva cons- 20,358 31,839 33,462 34,962 35,842 trucción 4.2% 4.9% 5.1% 4.5% 2.5% Total nueva construcción 44,114 45,823 47,762 49,745 51,041 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Londres 7 EL MERCADO DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN EN EL REINO UNIDO 4.5% 3.9% 4.2% 4.2% 2.6% Reparación, Mantenimiento y Mejoras Vivienda Privada RM&M 11,562 11,678 11,678 12,028 12,269 -4,0% 1.0% 0.0% 3.0% 2.0% Vivienda Pública RM&M 6,461 6,655 6,788 6,856 6,787 -4,0% 3,0% 2,0% 1,0% -1,0% Otros Públicos R&M 6,723 6,656 6,589 6,655 6,722 -4.0% -1.0% -1.0% 1,0% -1.0% Otros Privados R&M 11,446 11,675 12,142 12,628 12,881 -1,0% 2.0% 4.0% 4.0% 2,0% Total RM&M 36,192 36,663 37,197 38,167 38,658 -3.1% 1.3% 1.5% 2.6% 1.3% Total 80,306 82,486 84,959 87,912 89,698 Todos Sectores 0.9% 2.7% 3.0% 3.5% 2.0% Fuente: Construction Products Association Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Londres 8 EL MERCADO DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN EN EL REINO UNIDO III. SUBSECTORES DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN 1. VIVIENDA PÚBLICA El gobierno se ha comprometido a incrementar el mercado de la vivienda social en In- glaterra en 75.000 hogares para el periodo 2007/2008. El gobierno ha reconocido que con únicamente la provisión de fondos para la vivienda es poco probable que se mantengan los volúmenes de nuevas viviendas y está buscando fondos del PFI (Project Finance Initiative), llegando a acuerdos que ayuden a conseguir este objetivo. Sin embargo, no parece que pue- da alcanzar su objetivo para el periodo indicado. La producción se recuperó en el 2006 y se espera que este crecimiento continúe du- rante los próximos tres años. El desarrollo hasta el momento ha sido modesto y la introduc- ción de mayores porcentajes de concesiones en áreas de un más alto coste como es Lon- dres, está intensificando la presión sobre los fondos disponibles. El mercado de reparación, mantenimiento y mejora de viviendas protegidas continúa cayendo, a pesar de la promesa de fondos adicionales para acercar la vivienda pública a los estándares de viviendas dignas para el 2010. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de alcanzar mejoras en un total de 140.000 viviendas no se verá cumplido para el año 2010. 2. VIVIENDA PRIVADA La actividad del mercado inmobiliario en el Reino Unido se ha recuperado durante el año 2006 y al mismo tiempo, se ha producido un ligero aumento de la inflación del precio de la vivienda. Esta mejora ha ayudado a mantener una actitud positiva frente a los datos que el año pasado reflejaban un total de viviendas privadas de 200.000. Se espera que este año se estabilicen las condiciones de la vivienda privada, ya que la existencia de altos tipos de interés y la debilidad de los ingresos familiares provocan niveles altos de desconfianza por parte de los consumidores. Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Londres 9 EL MERCADO DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN EN EL REINO UNIDO La actividad del mercado inmobiliario en el Reino Unido durante el mes de mayo de 2007 da muestras de desaceleración, tanto en el ritmo de las ventas, como en los precios, debido al temor de los compradores potenciales a futuros incrementos de los tipos de interés. De este modo, las ventas de viviendas en mayo aumentaron un 4,3% frente al crecimiento del 9,6% del mes anterior, mientras que durante el último mes no se produjo incremento al- guno en el número de nuevos compradores registrados con agentes inmobiliarios. Asimismo, la debilidad por el lado de la demanda parece ralentizar la escalada de pre- cios de los inmuebles que en el mes de mayo se encarecieron un 0,6%, elevando el dato in- teranual al 6,7%, frente al aumento del 0,7% mensual de abril que situó la tasa interanual en el 6,8%. El precio medio de los inmuebles según un informe de la consultoría Hometrack que recoge información de más de 2300 distritos postales de Inglaterra y Gales, fue de 175.600 libras esterlinas (258.796 euros).
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