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Structure, Aboveground Biomass, and Soil Characterization of Avicennia

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Structure, Aboveground Biomass, and Soil Characterization of Avicennia University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2014 Structure, Aboveground Biomass, and Soil Characterization of Avicennia marina in Eastern Mangrove Lagoon National Park, Abu Dhabi Tareefa Alsumaiti University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Geographic Information Sciences Commons, Remote Sensing Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Recommended Citation Alsumaiti, Tareefa, "Structure, Aboveground Biomass, and Soil Characterization of Avicennia marina in Eastern Mangrove Lagoon National Park, Abu Dhabi" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 2120. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2120 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Structure, Aboveground Biomass, and Soil Characterization of Avicennia marina in Eastern Mangrove Lagoon National Park, Abu Dhabi Structure, Aboveground Biomass, and Soil Characterization of Avicennia marina in Eastern Mangrove Lagoon National Park, Abu Dhabi A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Dynamics by Tareefa Saad Sultan Alsumaiti United Arab Emirates University Bachelor of Geography, 2008 Arizona State University Master of Advanced Study in Geographic Information Systems, 2010 December 2014 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ______________________________________ Dr. Jason A. Tullis Dissertation Director ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Dr. Thomas R. Paradise Dr. Fred Limp Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Mangrove forests are national treasures of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and other arid countries with limited forested areas. Mangroves form a crucial part of the coastal ecosystem and provide numerous benefits to society, economy, and especially the environment. Mangrove trees, specifically Avicennia marina, are studied in their native habitat in order to characterize their population structure, aboveground biomass, and soil properties. This study focused on Eastern Mangrove Lagoon National Park in Abu Dhabi, which was the first mangrove protected area to be designated in UAE. In situ measurements were collected to estimate Avicennia marina status, mortality rate (%), height (m), crown spread (m), stem number, diameter at breast height (cm), basal area (m), and aboveground biomass (t ha-1). Small-footprint aerial light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data acquired by UAE were processed to characterize mangrove canopy height and aboveground biomass density. This included extraction of LIDAR-derived height percentile statistics, segmentation of the forest into structurally homogenous units, and development of regression relationships between in situ reference and remote sensing data using a machine learning approach. An in situ soil survey was conducted to examine the soils’ physical and chemical properties, fertility status, and organic matter. The data of soil survey were used to create soil maps to evaluate key characteristics of soils, and their influence on Avicennia marina in Eastern Mangrove Lagoon National Park. The results of this study provide new insights into Avicennia marina canopy population, structure, aboveground biomass, and soil properties in Abu Dhabi, as data in such arid environments is lacking. This valuable information can help in managing and preserving this unique ecosystem. Acknowledgments Firstly, I would like to sincerely thank my advisor Dr. Jason Tullis for his guidance, advice and insight during my time in graduate school at University of Arkansas. Appreciation is also extended to my advising committee, Dr. Thomas Paradise and Dr. Fred Limp. I would also like to thank Dr. Shabbir Shahid at the Dubai based International Center of Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA) for his guidance and advice throughout the soil research work, Dr. Henda Mahmoudi and Mr. Kaleem ul Hassan Naeem for their assistance in analyzing the soil samples at the Central Analytical Laboratory of ICBA. I’m grateful for the National Teaching Assistants Office at UAE University for their financial support to cover the cost of soil analysis tests, especially Dr. Mohamed Al-Hosani. I would further like to thank the Environment Information Management Sector and Marine Biodiversity Sector at the Environment Agency in Abu Dhabi (EAD) for their assistance in providing water transportation and facilitating both forest and soil surveys. I extend my thanks to General Enterprises Co. Engineering Division (GECO) in Abu Dhabi for providing GPS receivers and assistance in collecting sampling plots’ locations. I’m especially grateful for Mr. Yousef Al-Marzouqi from Bayanat Company and Mr. Jorge Merrit from Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Company (ADSIC) for their assistance in providing remote sensing data including LIDAR and WorldView-2 satellite images of the study area. I extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Khalfan Al-Meherbi from EAD, Mr. Zia Rehman from GECO, and Mr. Abdulla Al-Marzouqi from ADSIC for their great assistance in gathering in situ data. Finally, I would like to thank my friend and colleague Bowei Xue for his time and effort in helping with LIDAR processing and biomass modeling. Dedication I dedicate this doctoral dissertation to my parents, Saad Alsumaiti and Aisha Aljumaa for their endless love, prayers, sacrifices, and encouragement throughout my life. I also dedicate this dissertation to my husband Abdulla Almarzouqi for his love, support, and motivation. Table of Contents I. Introduction .................................................................................................................1 A. Mangroves Worldwide .......................................................................................1 B. Mangrove Forest Observation .............................................................................3 C. Mangrove Forests in Abu Dhabi, UAE ...............................................................6 D. The Ecological Characteristics of Avicennia marina in Abu Dhabi, UAE ...........9 E. Study Objectives............................................................................................... 10 F. Research Questions and Hypotheses ................................................................. 11 G. Study Site ......................................................................................................... 12 H. Study Value ...................................................................................................... 13 II. An Assessment of Avicennia marina Forest Structure and Aboveground Biomass in Eastern Mangrove Lagoon National Park, Abu Dhabi ............................................... 14 A. Summary .......................................................................................................... 14 B. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 15 C. Materials and Methods ..................................................................................... 17 1. Plot Design and In situ Survey ...................................................................... 17 2. Tree Attributes .............................................................................................. 19 D. Results .............................................................................................................. 23 E. Discussion and Conclusion ............................................................................... 32 III. Per-Segment Aboveground Biomass Estimation of Avicennia marina in Eastern Mangrove Lagoon National Park, Abu Dhabi Using LIDAR-derived Height Percentile Statistics .................................................................................................................... 34 A. Summary .......................................................................................................... 34 B. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 35 C. Materials and Methods ..................................................................................... 36 1. In situ Measurements .................................................................................... 36 2. Plot-Level AGB Estimation .......................................................................... 37 3. LIDAR Data ................................................................................................. 37 4. LIDAR-derived statistics .............................................................................. 38 5. Biomass modeling ........................................................................................ 41 D. Results .............................................................................................................. 45 E. Discussion and Conclusion ............................................................................... 49 IV. Soil Characteristics in Eastern Mangrove Lagoon National Park, Abu Dhabi............. 51 A. Summary .......................................................................................................... 51 B. Introduction .....................................................................................................
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