Registered Hospitality and Tourism Enterprises As At
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Chief Philip Asiodu Oral History Interview by Dr. Fraser Ottanelli and Dr
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Digital Collection - Holocaust & Genocide Studies Digital Collection - Holocaust & Genocide Studies Center Oral Histories Center 10-8-2009 Chief Philip Asiodu oral history interview by Dr. Fraser Ottanelli and Dr. S. Elizabeth Bird, October 8, 2009 Philip C. Asiodu (Interviewee) Fraser M. Ottanelli (Interviewer) S. Elizabeth Bird (Interviewer) Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/hgstud_oh Part of the African Languages and Societies Commons, History Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, Race, Ethnicity and post-Colonial Studies Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Scholar Commons Citation Asiodu, Philip C. (Interviewee); Ottanelli, Fraser M. (Interviewer); and Bird, S. Elizabeth (Interviewer), "Chief Philip Asiodu oral history interview by Dr. Fraser Ottanelli and Dr. S. Elizabeth Bird, October 8, 2009" (2009). Digital Collection - Holocaust & Genocide Studies Center Oral Histories. Paper 1. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/hgstud_oh/1 This Oral History is brought to you for free and open access by the Digital Collection - Holocaust & Genocide Studies Center at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Digital Collection - Holocaust & Genocide Studies Center Oral Histories by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT NOTICE This Oral History is copyrighted by the University of South Florida Libraries Oral History Program on behalf of the Board of Trustees of the University of South Florida. Copyright, 2011, University of South Florida. All rights, reserved. This oral history may be used for research, instruction, and private study under the provisions of the Fair Use. Fair Use is a provision of the United States Copyright Law (United States Code, Title 17, section 107), which allows limited use of copyrighted materials under certain conditions. -
166 Other Information
Other information 167 Management team 176 Contact information 171 Branch network Stanbic IBTC Bank I Annual report 2011 166 Management team Kunle Adedeji Adesola Adegbesan Jumoke Adejumobi Finance Global Markets Financial Institutions Jadesola Ademuliyi Adenrele Adesina Bayo Adesina Project Governance Research Public Sector Ayo Adio Aisha Ahmad Folasope Aiyesimoju PBB, Distribution Private Clients and HNIs Financial Advisory 167 Stanbic IBTC Bank I Annual report 2011 Oyinda Akinyemi Shuiabu Audu Leye Babatunde Equity Capital Markets Stanbic IBTC Asset Management Information Technology Fatai Baruwa Kobby Bentsi-Enchil Mathys Buitendag Payment strategy Debt Capital Market Business Banking Olu Delano Steve Elusope Eric Fajemisin Leverage and Acquisition Finance Stanbic IBTC Pension Managers Stanbic IBTC Pension Managers Other information Stanbic IBTC Bank I Annual report 2011 168 Management team Samir Gadio Olufunke Isichei Busola Jejelowo Research Customer Experience Stanbic IBTC Stockbrokers Dele Kuti Thabo Makoko Binta Max-Gbinije Energy Transaction Products and Services Stanbic IBTC Trustees Samuel Ochecho Olumide Oyetan Akeem Oyewale Global Markets Stanbic IBTC Asset Management Global Markets 169 Stanbic IBTC Bank I Annual report 2011 Anne Rinu Yewande Sadiku Babayo Saidu Premises and Projects Investment Banking Non-interest Banking Segun Sanni Alubani Sibanda John Smit Investor Services Corporate Banking Products and Strategy Dele Sotubo Delein Van Schallkwyk Jaco Viljoen Stanbic IBTC Stockbrokers Operations Personal Markets Other information Stanbic IBTC Bank I Annual report 2011 170 Branch network FCT Abuja region Lagos Island region Lagos Mainland region 1. Ahmadu Bello Way branch, 1. Adetokunbo Ademola branch 1. Agege branch Plot 1049, Ahmadu Bello Way, No. 76, Adetokunbo Ademola street, 173, Old Abeokuta motor road, Area 11, Garki, Abuja Victoria Island, Lagos Agege, Lagos 2. -
Lions Clubs International Club Membership Register
LIONS CLUBS INTERNATIONAL CLUB MEMBERSHIP REGISTER SUMMARY THE CLUBS AND MEMBERSHIP FIGURES REFLECT CHANGES AS OF MAY 2015 MEMBERSHI P CHANGES CLUB CLUB LAST MMR FCL YR TOTAL IDENT CLUB NAME DIST NBR COUNTRY STATUS RPT DATE OB NEW RENST TRANS DROPS NETCG MEMBERS 5636 038404 IBADAN DOYEN NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 24 3 0 0 0 3 27 5636 039839 ABEOKUTA NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 45 6 0 0 -11 -5 40 5636 041287 LAGOS SURULERE NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 8 7 1 0 0 8 16 5636 041434 LAGOS ISOLO NIGERIA 404 B1 4 11-2014 41 0 0 0 0 0 41 5636 045263 IBADAN BODIJA NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 19 9 0 0 0 9 28 5636 045982 OTA DOYEN NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 36 4 0 0 -1 3 39 5636 053828 SATELLITE CENTRAL NIGERIA 404 B1 4 04-2015 29 6 1 0 -8 -1 28 5636 053886 LAGOS NEW LAGOS NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 18 2 0 0 0 2 20 5636 054754 IBADAN HILL-TOP NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 13 1 0 0 0 1 14 5636 055191 OLUMO NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 10 1 0 0 -1 0 10 5636 055401 OKOTA NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 31 1 0 0 -11 -10 21 5636 056015 IPAJA NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 31 0 0 0 0 0 31 5636 056893 IPAJA CENTRAL NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 14 0 0 0 0 0 14 5636 060343 LAGOS ALAGBADO NIGERIA 404 B1 7 05-2015 16 2 0 0 -2 0 16 5636 061362 IBADAN METROPOLITAN NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 22 2 1 0 -7 -4 18 5636 061648 NEW FESTAC NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 48 11 1 0 -4 8 56 5636 061939 AGEGE NIGERIA 404 B1 4 05-2015 21 5 0 0 -3 2 23 5636 062313 LAGOS AKOWONJO NIGERIA 404 B1 4 04-2015 49 3 0 0 -2 1 50 5636 062660 DOPEMU NIGERIA 404 B1 4 06-2014 17 0 0 0 0 0 17 5636 062769 AJAO ESTATE NIGERIA 404 B1 4 04-2015 -
British-Village-Inn-Exhibition-March
MISSION To identify talented Nigerian Female Artists to bring positive social change in society. VISION To foster a sense of pride and achievements among female creative professionals. To promote the dignity of women. To encourage membership to continue creating art. FEAAN EXCECUTIVE MEMBERS President Chinze Ojobo Vice President Clara Aden Secretary Abigail Nnaji Treasurer Millicent Okocha Financial Secretary Funmi Akindejoye P.R.O. Chinyere Odinikwe Welfare Officer Amarachi K. Odimba TOP MANAGEMENT Chairman BoT Prof Bridget O. Nwanze Secretary BoT Lady Ngozi Akande President Chinze Ojobo FEAAN Representative Susa Rodriguez-Garrido 02 FEMALE ARTISTS A S S O C I AT I O N O F N I G E R I A Copyright © 2019 ISBN NO: 978-978-972-362-1 A Catalogue of Exhibition Female Artists Association of Nigeria All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright owner and publishers. CURATORS Susa Rodriguez-Garrido Chinze Ojobo GRAPHICS Susa Rodriguez-Garrido Rotimi Rex Abigail Nnaji PUBLISHER ImageXetera 03 CONTENT Foreword by the President of the Female Artists Association of Nigeria. Chinze Ojobo................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Preface by Susa Rodriguez-Garrido, Representative of FEAAN, Founder of Agama Publishing Susa Rodriguez-Garrido........................................................................................................................................... -
C, Feg 19 2009
OMB No 1545-0047 dorm 990 Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax 2007 Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except black lung benefit trust or private foundation) Open to Public 3rtment of the Treasury naI Revenue Service(71 The organization may have to use a copy of this return to satisfy state reporting requirements Ins pection A For the 2007 calendar year, or tax y ear be g innin g Jul 1 , 2007 , and endin Jun 30 , 2008 B Check if applicable C Name of organization D Employer Identification Number Please use Address change IRS label Pathfinder International 53-0235320 or p not Name change or type Number and street (or P 0 box if marl is not delivered to street addr) Room/suite E Telephone number See Initial return specific 9 Galen Street 217 (617) 924-7200 Instruc- Accounting City , town or county State ZIP code + 4 F Cash Accrual Termination lions. y method IL(i Amended return Watertown MA 02472-4501 Other(specfy)0" Application pending • Section 501(c)(3) organizations and 4947(a)(1) nonexempt H and l are not applicable to section 527 organizations charitable trusts must attach a completed Schedule A H (a) Is this a group return for affiliates' q Yes No (Form 990 or 990-EZ). H (b) it 'Yes,' enter number of affiliates G Web Site:', www . p athfind.or g H (c) Are all affiliates included? q Yes q No ( if 'No,' attach a list See instructions ) J Organization type (check onl y one ) 501(c) 3 4 (insert no ) q 4947( a)(1) or 11 527 H (d) Is this a separate return tiled by an organization ruting7 K Check here If the organization is not a 509(a)(3) supporting organization and its covered by a group Yes FX] gross receipts are normally not more than $25,000 A return is not required, but if the I Grou p Exem p tion Number 0. -
World Bank Document
Lagos State Ministry of Commercial Agriculture The World Bank, NIGERIA Agriculture & Cooperatives Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) Public Disclosure Authorized For the Commercial Agriculture Development Projects at the ARAGA FARM SETTLEMENT, Poka, Epe, Lagos State (Final Report) APRIL 2013 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF PLATES ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... 10 LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................. 12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 14 CHAPTER ONE ....................................................................................................................... 181 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 18 1.0 Background ................................................................................................................................. 18 1.1 Tasks of the Consultant ............................................................................................................ -
Office of the Auditor-General for the Federation
OFFICE OF THE AUDITOR-GENERAL FOR THE FEDERATION AUDIT HOUSE, PLOT 273 CADASTRAL ZONE AOO, OFF SAMUEL ADEMULEGUN STREET CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT PRIVATE MAIL BAG 128, GARKI ABUJA, NIGERIA LIST OF ACCREDITED FIRMS OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS AS AT 2nd MARCH, 2020 SN Name of Firm Firm's Address City 1 Momoh Usman & Co (Chartered Accountants) Lokoja Kogi State Lokoja 2 Sypher Professional Services (Chartered 28A, Ijaoye Street, Off Jibowu-Yaba Accountants) Onayade Street, Behind ABC Transport 3 NEWSOFT PLC SUITE 409, ADAMAWA ABUJA PLAZA,CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT,ABUJA 4 PATRICK OSHIOBUGIE & Co (Chartered Suite 1010, Block B, Abuja Accountants) Anbeez Plaza 5 Tikon Professionals Chartered Accountants No.2, Iya Agan Lane, Lagos Ebute Metta West, Lagos. 6 Messrs Moses A. Ogidigo and Co No 7 Park Road Zaria Zaria 7 J.O. Aiku & Co Abobiri Street, Off Port Harcourt Harbour Road, Port Harcourt, Rivers State 8 Akewe & Co. Chartered Accountants 26 Moleye Street, off Yaba Herbert Macaulay Way , Alagomeji Yaba, P O Box 138 Yaba Lagos 9 Chijindu Adeyemi & Co Suite A26 Shakir Plaza, Garki Michika Street, Area 11 10 DOXTAX PROFESSIONAL SERVICES D65, CABANA OFFICE ABUJA SUITES, SHERATON HOTE, ABUJA. 11 AKN PROJECTS LIMITED D65, CABANA OFFICE ABUJA SUITES, SHERATON HOTEL, WUSE ZONE 4, ABUJA. 12 KPMG Professional Services KPMG Tower, Bishop Victoria Island Aboyade Cole Street 13 Dox'ix Consults Suite D65, Cabana Suites, Abuja Sheraton Hotel, Abuja 14 Bradley Professional Services 268 Herbert Macaulay Yaba Lagos Way Yaba Lagos 15 AHONSI FELIX CONSULT 29,SAKPONBA ROAD, BENIN CITY OREDO LGA, BENIN CITY 1 16 UDE, IWEKA & CO. -
Organizational Effectiveness in Higher Education: a Case Study of Selected Polytechnics in Nigeria
University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES SOUTHAMPTON EDUCATION SCHOOL Organizational Effectiveness in Higher Education: A Case Study of Selected Polytechnics in Nigeria by Oluwole Adeniyi Solanke Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy APRIL 2014 1 ABSTRACT This study compares perceived organisational effectiveness within polytechnic higher education in Nigeria. A qualitative methodology and an exploratory case study (Yin, 2003) enable an in-depth understanding of the term effectiveness as it affects polytechnic education in Nigeria. A comparative theoretical framework is applied, examining three polytechnic institutions representing Federal, State and Private structures under a variety of conditions. Data was based on triangulation comprising fifty-two (52) semi-structured interviews, one focus group, and documentary evidence. The participants in the study were the dominant coalition in the institutions comprising top- academic leaders, lecturers, non-academic staff, and students. -
Dealers List
SWIFT NETWORK - DEALERS LIST S/N LOCATION NAME PHONE NUMBER ADDRESS 1 AGEGE FOAMAD COMMUNICATION LIMITED 08023225876, 08077265677 Primal Tek Plaza, Blk C Suite 5 opp Iju Garage, Agege 2 APAPA VYOP GLOBAL CONCEPTS LIMITED 08034136372, 08077265250 300, Wharf Road, Apapa 3 RITECH ENTERPRISES 08067409084, 08077265250 Ritech Network Enterprise, 25 Warehouse Road, Apapa 4 EGBEDA, IDIMU, IPAJA FIBREPATH LIMITED 08037919818, 08074648599 205, Akowonjo road, Egbeda 5 PHONE 4 U LIMITED 08050696043, 08077265226 9, Akowonjo road; 27, Idimu Road & 39, New Ipaja Road. SONSHINE SYSTEMS COMPANY 08034958191, 08074648808 Plot 8, Anifowose layout ,PLOT 8, ANIFOWOSE LAYOUT, BESIDE 6 FIRST ROYAL FILLING STATION ABESAN ESTATE, IPAJA FIBREPATH LIMITED 08037919818, 08074539974 20, OLUADE WAY OPPOSITE MR. BIGGS JAKANDE ESTATE, 7 EJIGBO 8 FESTAC IDEAL MOBILE AND ELECTRONICS LTD 08126865776, 08063045009 512 road house 1 B Close, festac. 9 YES SUPERMARKET 07081625689, 08095463739 21 ROAD, FESTAC 10 GBAGADA PHOLEX LIMITED 08023204256, 08074648621 57, Diya Street, Gbagada 11 IKEJA/OGBA GREAT BAKIS VENTURES LIMITED 08099500028, 08077260143 13 ISHERI ROAD AGUDA OGBA 12 BLESSING COMPUTERS LIMITED 08074648057, 08033576109 5, Pepple Street, Computer Village, Ikeja 13 VICINITY COMMUNICATIONS 08023274269, 08077265981 54, Opebi road, Ikeja 14 BIDLANDS VENTURES 08077265981, 08052321139 14 Otigba Street, Computer Village 15 TRENDWOLRD WIDE LTD 08027672448, 08074648132 82 Allen Ave Wuruola House Ikeja 16 MICRO STATION 08035374590, 08111386111, 9 Otigba street, computer village 17 VICTORIA ISLAND MICRO STATION 08077265250, 08078038181 11 Saka Tinubu, off Adeola Odeku, Victoria Island 18 LEKKI/AJAH ZEBRA COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 08069388700, 08077265250 Ikota Shopping Complex, K198/133 Road 5 19 EMNAC INVESTMENTS 08033087194, 08108670296 Praise Plaza, Addo road by Skido bus stop, Ajah Lekki 20 EBEANO SUPERMARKET 07035677670, 08077265250 Chevron Drive Lekki SURULERE COMPSSA 07034164223, 08077266150 RM01 Shop, Opposite School Of Nursing LUTH, Idiaraba, 21 Surulere. -
ANGELA FILENO DA SILVA Vozes De Lagos
UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA ANGELA FILENO DA SILVA Vozes de Lagos: brasileiros em tempos do império britânico Versão corrigida São Paulo 2016 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA Vozes de Lagos: brasileiros em tempos do império britânico Costa da Mina, 1840-1900 Angela Fileno da Silva [email protected] [email protected] Tese apresentada ao Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Área de Concentração: História Social Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Leila Maria Gonçalves Leite Hernandez Versão corrigida São Paulo 2016 2 3 ANGELA FILENO DA SILVA Vozes de Lagos: brasileiros em tempos do império britânico Costa da Mina, 1840-1900 Tese apresentada ao Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, aprovada pela Banca Examinadora constituída pelos seguintes professores: ___________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Leila Maria Gonçalves Leite Hernandez DH – FFLCH/USP Orientadora ________________________________________ Prof(a) Dr(a) Mônica Lima e Souza – Instituição Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/ CFCH ________________________________________ Prof(a) Dr. Acácio Sidinei Almeida Santos – Instituição Universidade Federal do ABC/ RI ________________________________________ Prof(a) Dr. Alexandre Almeida Marcussi – Instituição Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/FAFICH ________________________________________ Prof(a) Dr(a) Marina de Mello e Souza – Instituição Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas/DH São Paulo, 25 de abril de 2016. 4 Para minha avó Maria Gonçalves Fileno, que nunca assinou seu próprio nome, mas ensinou aos filhos e netos o valor do conhecimento. -
Republicof Nigeria “Official, Gazette
- Republicof Nigeria “Official, Gazette No.77 ° LAGOS- 4th: August, 1966 Vol. 53 - CONTENTS ‘ Page , Page Movements of Officers 1502-9 Examination in Law, General Orders, Finan- 8 cial Instructions, Police Orders and Instruc- Probate Notice * 4509 — tions and Practical Police Work, December - & 1966 .. 1518 bee 1509 Appointment e499: of Notary Public > Loss of Local Purchase Orders . 1518-9 * Addition to the List of Notaries Public . 1509 _ Loss ofReceipt Voucher os 1519 5 - : . Application for Registration of Trade Unions 1510 {os of Last PayCertificate 1519 ~. Appointment of Directors of the Central: - Lossof Original Local Purchase Order soe y, 1519 ¢ Bank of Nigeria s .- no 1510 - ' Loss of Official Receipts 1519 - Revocation of the Appointment of Chief Saba co as a Memberofthé Committee of Chiefs 1510 Central Bank of Nigeria—Return of Assets - and Liabilities as at Close of Business on , . -4 ] Addendum—Law Officers in the Capital . sth July, 1966 me . 1519 ' Territory Le Tee ve 1510 tees PL. .1520-4 Notice of Removal from the Register of Vacancies 7 7 2 1524-31 Companies 1S1i : . Lands Requiredforthe Serviceof the National ; Board a Customs and Excise—Sale of 1531.2 Military Government 3 > 4511 gods . ee “ * Appointment of Licensed Buying Agents “oo. 1512 ° : Lagos Land Registry—First Registration of . INDEX TO LeGaL NOTICES IN SUPPLEMENT + Titles1 ere ee ett. 1512-18No,. * “Short Title Page. Afoigwe Rural Call Office—Openingof. © 1518 ~° 68 MilitaryAdministrator of the Capital . Territory (Delegation of Powers) Zike AvenuePostal Agency—Opening of 1518 Notice. 1966 .. B343 No. 77, Vol. 53 1502 OFFICIAL GAZETTE 5 Government. Notsce No. 1432 STAFF CHANGES ‘NEWW APPOINTMENTS AND OTHER 2 The following are nitified for general intormation :— NEW APPOINTMENTS Appointment Date of Date of Depariment Name -Ippointment Arrival Stenographer, Grade II 3-12-62 Administration Nnoromele, P. -
Volume 10, July 2016
Volume 10, July 2016 A publication of: Faculty of Arts Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos, Nigeria. Email: [email protected] A4 SPECIAL new version EDITION Journal of Humanities copy.indd 1 6/17/2016 3:37:33 PM LASU Journal of Humanities Volume 10, July 2016 © 2016 Faculty of Arts Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos, Nigeria ISSN: 978-274-384-4 Produced by Free Enterprise Publishers, Ibadan HEAD OFFICE: 8/9 Oshodi Street, Felele Layout, Ibadan. 0814.1211.670 LAGOS OFFICE: LASU Strategic Business Unit (L.S.B.U.) Lagos State University Campus, Ojo. A4 SPECIAL new version EDITION Journal of Humanities copy.indd 2 6/17/2016 3:37:33 PM Volume 10, July 2016 A publication of: Faculty of Arts Lagos State University, Ojo A4 SPECIAL new version EDITION Journal of Humanities copy.indd 3 6/17/2016 3:37:34 PM SUBMISSION OF ARTICLES The LASU Journal of Humanities encourages submissions from a variety of theo- retical standpoints and from different disciplines—especially those that traditionally belong to the all-encompassing “Faculty of Arts,” including, however, other areas with which the Faculty has affiliation: anthropology, cultural studies, folklore, media stud- ies, popular culture, communication, sociology and political science. GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS Articles Authors should submit research articles of (maximum) 10–20 A4 pages, double- spaced, 12-point Times New Roman font type, in accordance with the MLA or APA styles, and include an abstract of no more than 100 words and a Works Cited section. Authors must provide both a paper copy and an electronic copy of their article.