TEXAs R EVIEW Of LAW & POLITICS VOL. 20, No. 2 SPRING 2016 PAGES 169-420 SENATOR TOM COTTON'S SPEECH AT THE 2015 FEDERALIST SOCIETY NATIONAL LAWYERS CONVENTION Senator Tom Cotton COLOR-BLIND-SPOT: THE INTERSECTION OF FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW AND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN LAW SCHOOL ADMISSIONS Robert Steinbuch Kim Love CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM AT THE CROSSROADS John G. Malcolm A TEXTBASED INTERPRETATION OF TITLE VII' S RELIGIOUS-EMPLOYER EXEMPTION Stephanie N. Phillips STALEMATE AT THE SUPREME COURT: REDRICHS V CALIFORNIA UBLIC UNIONS, AND FREE SPEECH DOMAIN AN D THErCVRON'S RULE OFLA Cory R. Liu SUBSCRIBE TO THE TEXAS REVIEW OF LAW & POLITICS The 'Texas Review of Law & Politics is published twice yearly, fall and spring. 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Hein & Co., Inc. 2350 North Forest Road Getzville, NY 14068 TEXAS REVIEW of LAW & POLITICS VOL. 20, No. 2 SPRING 2016 PAGES 169-420 ARTICLES SENATOR TOM COTTON'S SPEECH AT THE 2015 FEDERALIST SOCIETY NATIONAL LAWYERS CONVENTION Senator Tom Cotton...................................................................169 COLOR-BLIND-SPOT: THE INTERSECTION OF FREEDOM OF INFORMATION LAW AND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN LAw SCHOOL ADMISSIONS Robert Steinbuch & Kim Love.....................................................181 CRIMINALJUSTICE REFORM AT THE CROSSROADS John G. M alcolm ........................................................................ 249 A TEXT-BASED INTERPRETATION OF TITLE VII'S RELIGIOUS-EMPLOYER EXEMPTION Stephanie N. Phillips .................................................................. 295 STALEMATE AT THE SUPREME COURT: FRIEDRICHS V. G4LIFORNLA TEACHERS ASSOcIATION, PUBLIC UNIONS, AND FREE SPEECH Andrew Buttaro.................. ................. ................ 341 CHEvRoN'S DOMAIN AND THE RULE OF LAW Cory R . L iu ................................................................................ 391 . BOARD OF ADVISORS Hon. Greg Abbott Hon. Royce C. Lamberth Hon. Bob Barr Prof. Gary S. Lawson Mr. Bradley A. Benbrook Prof. Jonathan R. Macey Mr. Clint Bolick Prof. Gregory Maggs Prof. Steven G. Calabresi Mr. John P. McConnell Prof. Thomas J. Campbell Hon. Edwin Meese III Hon. T. Kenneth CribbJr. Mr. William H. Mellor Hon. R. Ted Cruz Mr. Allan E. Parker Jr. Ms. Susanna Dokupil Mr. Thomas W. Pauken Prof. Richard A. Epstein Prof. Stephen B. Presser Prof. Richard W. Garnett Mr. Keith S. Rabois Mr. Todd F. Gaziano Prof. Michael Rappaport Prof. Lino A. Graglia Mr. Ron Robinson Hon. C. Boyden Gray Mr. M. Sean Royall Dr. Michael S. Greve Mrs. Phyllis Schiafly Hon. Nathan Hecht Mr. Joseph Smith Prof. Russell Hittinger Mr. Daniel E. Troy Mr. MichaelJ. Horowitz Mr. J. Michael Wiggins Mr. Peter Huber Mr. Richard K. Willard Hon. Edith H. Jones Hon. Don R. Willett r t (v6 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Adam B. Ross, Chairman Andrew A. Adams, Secretary Sean B. Cunningham Eric B. Neuman David J. Damiani Keith S. Rabois Dennis W. Donley Jr. Tara B. Ross Scott A. Fredricks Nigel Stark Benjamin B. Kelly Brantley D. Starr David A. Linehan Gary L. Thompson John R. Martin Philip A. Vickers Ryan L. Morris Douglas R. Wilson STEERING COMMITTEE Amy Davis, Co-Chair Brantley D. Starr, Co-Chair Jaimie Ensign Marc Levin Cory Liu John Martin Aaron Streett Articles published in the Review do not necessarily reflect the views of its founders, members, Board of Directors, Steering Committee, or Board of Advisors. The Texas Review of Law & Politics is a conservative law review. 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Copyright 2016, Texas Review of Law & Politics h a 6 4 9 a a 9 a a a a 4 9 4 6 4 .a a 4 * a f t 4 n' a4 a 1 e i s TEXAS REVIEW of LAW & POLITICS VOL. 20, No. 2 SPRING 2016 PAGES 169-420 Editor in Chief ALLISON ALLMAN ManagingEditor ANDREW CLARK Chief Manuscripts Editor JEFFREY CHU Executive Editor TIMOTHY ELLIOTT Administrative Editor Directorof Development CALLIE WILLIAMS MICHAEL MOREHEAD Executive Editor Submissions Editor ANN-MARIE WHITE BETHANY SPARE Articles Editors BEN BETNER DANIEL HUNG NATHAN BLOOM MICHAEL MARIETTA ALEX CUMMINGS ANDREW MCCARTNEY DAVID HOWARD AARON REITZ Senior Staff Editors AMY BEFELD EMMA PERRY MICHAEL DOCKINS BLEDAR QATO RICH HYDE Staff Editors MARK BALFE REBECCA KADOSH JAMES BARNETT JARET KANAREK DYLAN BENAC JUSTIN KUETTEL ALEXANDER BOHN BEN LANCASTER ALEXANDER CHERN BEN MENDELSON SEAN DOYLE ANDREW PARKS DUSTIN FILLMORE DANIEL POPE JOEL GARZA ADY WETEGROVE DANIELLA GRUWELL JOSHUA WINDSOR Legal Counsel PATRICK O'DANIEL Faculty Advisor LINO A. GRAGLIA Founded by Adam B. Ross & Dennis W.-Donley Jr. in MCMXCVI t .m 1 e e a a a a a e.b 4 p m a e SUBMISSIONS The Texas Review of Law & Politics welcomes the submission of articles, book reviews, and notes via standard or electronic mail. All submissions should be single-spaced, printed on one side only, with footnotes rather than endnotes. An electronic copy of any accepted manuscript is required. Citations should conform to the Texas Rules of Form (13th ed. 2015) and The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (20th ed. 2015). Except when content suggests otherwise, the Review follows the guidelines set forth in the Texas Law Review Manual on Usage & Style (12th ed. 2011), The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed. 2010), and Br an A. Garner, Garner's Dictionary of Legal Usage (3d ed. 2011). Manuscripts submitted electronically should be sent to: [email protected]. Manuscripts submitted via standard mail should be addressed to: Texas Review of Law & Politics The University of Texas School of Law 727 East Dean Keeton Street Austin, Texas 78705-3299 ADVERTISING The Texas Review of Law & Politics is now accepting advertising. We offer the perfect medium to reach a conservative audience interested in contemporary social issues, including crime, federalism, racial preferences, constitutional history, and religious liberties. For more information, please e-mail us at [email protected] or write our Managing Editor at the above address. t 1 m 6 1, & , 4 a p f 4 4 m 4 e PREFACE The stakes have been raised and the setting changed for conservatives and libertarians alike since the Review's most recent issue. Justice Scalia's tragic passing leaves a distinct void on the high court and in our hearts. A true public servant, Justice Scalia left us with more than impactful jurisprudence. He left us with a reminder of the importance a single principled person can hold in our lives and our country. As November marches closer, and what continues to be an unprecedented election year unfolds, one thing is clear: conservatives face a critical choice-and must soon decide who we are, and who we are not. Thankfully, 2016 also brings newfound encouragement for conservatives. The Review honoredJustice Clarence Thomas as the Jurist of the Year and witnessed firsthand how character and humility can influence the next generation of principled jurists. In a year of unknowns,Justice Thomas inspired us all with his wisdom, good nature, and hopeful heart. Senator Tom Cotton leads the issue with a tribute to Barbara Olson that he delivered at the 2015 Federalist Society National Lawyers Convention. Senator Cotton argues that to maintain our national character and coveted status as a "City upon a Hill" we must encourage and develop the individual character exemplified by Barbara Olson. Professor Robert Steinbuch and Kim Love follow with Color-Blind- Spot: The Intersection of Freedom of Information Law and Affirmative Action in Law School Admissions. The article traces the difficulties Professor Steinbuch faced in obtaining public data about admissions in higher education and takes a hard look at the depth of affirmative action programs.