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Marine Aspidogastrids (Trematoda) from Fishes in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

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Marine Aspidogastrids (Trematoda) from Fishes in the Northern Gulf of Mexico University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 10-1977 Marine Aspidogastrids (Trematoda) from Fishes in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Sherman S. Hendrix Gettysburg College, [email protected] Robin M. Overstreet Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Hendrix, Sherman S. and Overstreet, Robin M., "Marine Aspidogastrids (Trematoda) from Fishes in the Northern Gulf of Mexico" (1977). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 487. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/487 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. THE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY Vol. 63, No. 5, October 1977, p. 810-817 MARINE ASPIDOGASTRIDS(TREMATODA) FROM FISHES IN THE NORTHERNGULF OF MEXICO* Sherman S. Hendrixt and Robin M. Overstreett ABSTRACT: Of the aspidogastrids Multicalyx cristata, Lobatostomaringens, Cotylogaster basiri, and C. dinosoides sp. n., the last two had not been previously known from the Gulf of Mexico. The latter dif- fers from other members of its genus by having relatively large equatorial marginal alveoli in compari- son to those at the anterior and posterior ends of the holdfast. It also possesses extensive transverse mus- culature connecting opposed lateral alveoli. New host records are included for all four species, and we report preadults of what appear to be the first two species. Trematodes belonging to the family Aspido- (19) elongate transverse alveoli, with prominent and on alveolar gastridae Poche 1907 infect marine and estu- marginal organs papillae ridges; alveoli with glandularcells. Neck arine fishes, but few document the marginal supplied reports retractile, bearing conspicuous flange near base relatively common occurrence of these worms allowing neck to retract, terminating with buccal in the Gulf of Mexico. Of the four we found disc; disc displaying 1 dorsal, 2 lateral, and 2 ven- in Mississippi and adjacent areas, one is new trolateral lobes under appropriate fixation; dorsal lobe when not inverted and form- and one other had never been reported from acutely pointed cleft. Tail retractile, with ratio of portion ex- the Gulf. ing tended beyond holdfast to holdfast-length 1:3 to Described material was removed fresh from 53 depending on length of worm and state of con- the hosts and fixed with hot AFA solution traction; well-contracted and not extended beyond under minimal coverslip pressure. Totomounts holdfast in holotype. Tegument aspinose. Eyespots 5 to 19 (dispersed) long by 3 to 12 were stained with Van Cleave's hematoxylin or pigmented, (dispersed) wide when compacted, often diffuse rarely with Semichon's carmine and sections especially in large individuals. Ring of prominent with Harris' or Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin, outer longitudinal and inner circular muscles com- and often with eosin. Figures were drawn with the partmentalizingalimentary reproductiveorgans from level of midneck to aid of a camera measurements are in approximately postequa- lucida; torial level; less dense musculature extending to micrometers unless stated otherwise. near tip of tail. Groups of cells underlying dorsal anucleate tegument. Prepharynx195 to 494 (255) 465 93 to 255 Cotylogaster basiri Siddiqi and Cable 1960 long. Pharynx 180 to (299) long by to 1/3 with dense concentric (Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6) (223) wide; anterior1/4 circular muscle fibers; central area of posterior Redescription (based on 15 whole mounts, 2 sec- portion filled with nucleated cells. Esophagus non- tioned later; values for holotype in parentheses): epithelialized, short, indistinct when contracted. Body 1,554 to 7,336 (4,650) long by 870 to 2,278 Cecum a simple epithelialized sac; termination (1,871) at widest level of ventral holdfast. Ven- variable within gonadal level; posterior portion in tral holdfast organ 1,451 to 4,007 (3,530) long, atypical specimen with 1 simple and 1 bilobed occupying all of ventral surface of body excluding pedunculated outpouching. neck and "tail" (= terminal muscular dorsal cone), Testes 2, tandem to diagonal, rarely symmetrical, possessing one continuous marginal row of 60 to usually separated from each other, postequatorial; 66 (56) cuplike alveoli and medial row of 19 to 23 anterior testis 105 to 806 (339) long by 135 to 488 (235) wide; posterior testis usually sinistral to one when 128 to 626 Received for publication 28 January 1977. anterior diagonal, (335) long 102 to 603 wide. Seminal vesicle * This study was conducted in cooperation with by (273) sinuous, the U.S. of often swollen at ends or elsewhere. Prostatic ves- Department Commerce, NOAA, 742 49 to 322 National Marine Fisheries Service, under PL icle elongate, 263 to (568) long by No. 2-262-R and Office (145) wide, lined internally with membrane-bound 88-309, Project NOAA, surrounded con- of Sea Grant, under Grant No. 04-6-158-44060. anucleate bodies, externally by The U.S. Government is authorized to spicuous layer of prostatic cells approximating produce Cirrus and cirrus sac and distribute for governmentalpurposes width of vesicle. lacking. reprints duct and notwithstandingany copyright notation that may Ejaculatory variably-shaped genital hereon. atrium surroundedby glandular cells. Genital pore appear to forward t of Biology, Gettysburg College, median, usually immediately posterior Department into defined Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325. margin of holdfast organ, opening t Gulf Coast Research Laboratory,Ocean Springs, cavity external to compartmentalizingmusculature Mississippi 39564. but internal to holdfast organ or tegument at neck 810 HENDRIXAND OVERSTREET-ASPIDOGASTRIDSFROMNORTHERN GULF OF MEXICOFISHES 811 level in extended specimens; cavity widening an- original description are that a true cirrus sac teriorly, opening to environment at or immediately is lacking, a point already made by Frederick- anterior to forward margin of holdfast, regulated sen (1972), and that the excretory system is by contractionof flange. bivesiculate rather than having an I-shaped Ovary anteriomedial and often contiguous to bladder. Depending on the contractionof the anterior testis, smooth, 132 to 546 (342) long by the vesicles 75 to 425 tail, open separately or into an (220) wide. Laurer's canal passing at the the dorsally along less dense extension of muscular invagination tip, giving appearance compartmentalizationand opening to surface sub- of a V-shapedbladder. terminally and dorsally near posterior tip of tail. An important feature of C. basiri and all Seminal receptacle of uterine type. Ootype usually other species of Cotylogaster Monticelli 1892 adjacent to ovary, relatively small. Oviduct re- is the circularand mus- curved. cylindrical longitudinal Vitelline reservoir usually posterior to cle that encircle much of the ootype, receiving 2 vitelline ducts laterally from layers alimentary continuous or occasionally interrupted inverted U- tract and reproductive system (Figs. 5, 6). shaped band of follicles; posterior level of band Most aspidogastridspossess a transverseseptum lying within testicular level, less extensive in holo- that divides the dorsal portion containing the type since right branch extending to ovarian level tract and terminal from a one to alimentary genitalia and left anterior that; anteriorlevel variable; ventral the follicles 21 to 165 long by 15 to 90 wide. Uterus portioncontaining gonads. Cylindri- voluminous in large specimens, extending anteriorly cal compartmentalizationdiffers among species to anterior loop of vitellaria and occasionally as as will be seen in the following species having far anterior as midlevel of prostatic complex, oc- gonads externalto the compartment. cupying most of posterior 1/2 of worm including All the listed hosts new records. metraterm wider represent tail; muscular, usually distally the was than proximally, longer than prostatic vesicle, sin- Previously, parasite known only from istral to prostatic complex, usually entering genital the porgies Calamus calamus (Valenciennes) atrium at same level as ejaculatory duct, sur- and C. bajonado (Bloch and Schneider). rounded by glandular cells occurring most con- Those infections occurredin Puerto Rico (Sid- spicuously at distal end. Eggs numerous, 53 to 78 and and long by 27 to 41 wide, containing biocellate larvae; diqi Cable, 1960) Jamaica (Nahhas larvae often hatching within uterus. and Cable, 1964). Thus, our records extend Excretory system bivesiculate; collecting tubules the parasite'sgeographical range to the north- recurving posteriorly near anterior of buccal disc; ern Gulf of Mexico. pore terminal or dorsal and subterminal depending Based on the of both small on state of contraction of both vesicles presence preadult tail; empty- and mature in the ing into tegumental cavity at same point as opening large specimens fish, largest of Laurer'scanal, surroundeddistally by numerous being in fish well offshore, we assume fish compacted cells. normally aid in completing the life history of New host records: Archosargusprobatocephalus the worm
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