9. Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment
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Limekiln Wind Farm Section 36C Variation Environmental Impact Assessment Report 9. Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment ................................................ 9-3 9.1 Non-technical Summary ...................................................................... 9-3 9.2 Introduction ........................................................................................ 9-5 9.3 Methodology and Approach ............................................................... 9-15 9.4 Baseline Conditions ........................................................................... 9-23 9.5 Potential Effects ................................................................................ 9-38 9.6 Mitigation .......................................................................................... 9-40 9.7 Assessment of Effects on Landscape Elements .................................. 9-40 9.8 Assessment of Effects on Landscape Character Types ....................... 9-41 9.9 Assessment of Effects on Landscape Designations ............................ 9-64 9.10 Assessment of Effects on Representative Viewpoints ....................... 9-75 9.11 Assessment of Effects on Principal Visual Receptors ........................9-109 9.12 Assessment of Cumulative Effects ....................................................9-137 9.13 Comparative Assessment .................................................................9-204 9.14 Summary of Assessment of Effects ..................................................9-205 9.15 Statement of significance .................................................................9-213 9.16 References .......................................................................................9-216 Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 9-1 June 2021 Volume 1: Written Text Limekiln Wind Farm Section 36C Variation EIA Report Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment – Summary of conclusions comparison with previous applications 2021 Section 36C 2017 Supplementary Application (21 Information (21 Turbine Layout with 2012 ES (24 Turbine 2016 ES (24 Turbine Turbine Layout - amended access Layout) Layout) Consented tracks – Revised Development) Consented Development) The assessment reports significant effects will arise as a result of the This SI reports that while Revised Consented the changes sought by Development in the THC Planning Officer are Limekiln Coniferous beneficial in visual terms, Woodland Plantation they will not remove or LCT, Beinn Ratha The assessment reduce any of the Moorland Slopes and reports significant significant effects effects will arise as a Hills and in localised The assessment previously assessed for result of the proposed parts of five other closely reports significant the Original Layout. The development, during surrounding LCTs; from effects will arise as a principal benefits will the operational phase, seven viewpoints; in two result of the proposed arise in the area to the in the Limekiln settlements; from Development, during immediate north of the Coniferous Woodland sections of two routes, the operational phase, Development Site where Plantation LCT, and in including coinciding parts in the Limekiln increased separation localised parts of four of NC500 and NCR1 and Coniferous Woodland distances will reduce the other closely from nine local core Plantation LCA, and in apparent prominence, surrounding LCTs; from paths. localised parts of four field of view and eight viewpoints; in other closely apparent height of the In respect of Cumulative two settlements; from surrounding LCAs; Proposed Development Scenario 1, significant sections of two routes from eight viewpoints; from some cumulative effects are (including part of in two settlements; locations. This will be reported to arise in NCR1) and from nine and from sections of beneficial in landscape localised parts of two core paths. Significant two routes. Significant and visual terms. LCTs; from two cumulative effects are viewpoints; in one cumulative effects are The cumulative reported to arise in settlement, from a short reported to arise in assessment reports that localised parts of two section of one route, localised parts of two the Proposed LCTs; from two including coinciding parts LCAs; from two Development will give viewpoints; from one of NCR1, and from one viewpoints; from one rise to additional, settlement; from a core path. In respect of settlement; and from a significant, cumulative section of one route Cumulative Scenario 2, section of one route. landscape and visual (including part of significant cumulative effects, including Wild NCR1); and from one effects are reported to Land effects, in a short core path. arise in localised parts of scenario where the four LCTs; from four application stage Drum viewpoints; in one Hollistan Wind Farm is settlement, from short assumed to exist in the sections of two routes, baseline. including coinciding parts of NC500 and NCR1, and from one core path. Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 9-2 June 2021 Volume 1: Written Text Limekiln Wind Farm Section 36C Variation Environmental Impact Assessment Report 9. Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 9.1 Non-technical Summary 9.1.1 The assessment of landscape and visual effects has been carried out to identify the significant effects that are likely to arise as a result of the Revised Consented Development. It has considered the effects on landscape and visual receptors, as well as the cumulative effect of the Revised Consented Development in combination with other wind farm developments on these receptors. 9.1.2 The assessment reports significant effects will arise as a result of the Revised Consented Development in the Limekiln Coniferous Woodland Plantation LCT, Beinn Ratha Moorland Slopes and Hills and in localised parts of five other closely surrounding LCTs; from seven viewpoints; in two settlements; from sections of two routes, including coinciding parts of NC500 and NCR1 and from nine local core paths. 9.1.3 The cumulative assessment considers the effect of the Development in conjunction with all relevant operational, under construction and consented wind farms in Cumulative Scenario 1, and the effect of the Development in conjunction with all relevant operational, under construction, consented and application stage wind farms in Cumulative Scenario 2. In respect of Cumulative Scenario 1, significant cumulative effects are reported to arise in localised parts of two LCTs; from two viewpoints; in one settlement, from a short section of one route, including coinciding parts of NCR1, and from one core path. In respect of Cumulative Scenario 2, significant cumulative effects are reported to arise in localised parts of four LCTs; from four viewpoints; in one settlement, from short sections of two routes, including coinciding parts of NC500 and NCR1, and from one core path. 9.1.4 The landscape of the site comprises low and sweeping hills with a blanket covering of coniferous woodland. The landscape has a scale and depth which makes it suitable for wind farm development and the woodland cover makes the Revised Consented Development appear contained in the wider landscape. The significant effects arise principally as a result of the close proximity of the immediate LCT and closely surrounding LCTs to the large scale turbines of the Revised Consented Development whose influence will alter the character of these LCTs despite there already being an influence from other baseline wind farm developments. These effects on landscape character extend out to a maximum distance of 7 km from the Revised Consented Development. 9.1.5 The area surrounding the Revised Consented Development is not covered by the local / regional landscape designation of the Sensitive Landscape Area (SLA) or the national landscape designation of the National Scenic Area (NSA). These designations do, however, occur in the 40 km radius Study Area. Of the two Special Landscape Areas assessed in detail, neither were found to be significantly affected by the Revised Consented Development, owing to a combination of separation distance, limited extents of visibility and a closer association with the coast than the hinterland where the Revised Consented Development will be located. The Revised Consented Development will not have a significant effect on any of the locally or nationally designated landscapes in the Study Area. Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 9-3 June 2021 Volume 1: Written Text Limekiln Wind Farm Section 36C Variation EIA Report 9.1.6 Visibility of the Revised Consented Development is limited across the landscapes to the west and south owing to the screening effect of the intervening landform which surrounds the close range of the site. These landscapes are rural with little development such that viewpoints and receptors are typically representative of hill top views. Visibility is more extensive across the flatter landscape to the immediate north and east, where the landscape is more settled and the viewpoints representative of roads and settlements. The site marks a transition between the settled landscapes to the north and north-east and the unsettled landscapes to the west and south. 9.1.7 Seven of the viewpoints are reported to undergo significant effects as a result of the Revised Consented Development. All seven lie within approximately 5 km of the Revised Consented Development and the significant effects relate principally to the close proximity of the turbines which will appear as large scale structures that will form a focus in the views. The majority