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Los Berítidos (Heteroptera: Berytidae) Del Macizo Central De La Sierra De Gredos (Ávila)

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Los Berítidos (Heteroptera: Berytidae) Del Macizo Central De La Sierra De Gredos (Ávila) Heteropterus Revista de Entomología 2005 Heteropterus Rev. Entomol. 5: 53-63 ISSN: 1579-0681 Los berítidos (Heteroptera: Berytidae) del macizo central de la Sierra de Gredos (Ávila) M. COSTAS1, M.Á. VÁZQUEZ1, 2, T. LÓPEZ1, F.J. FUENTES1 1Dpto. Zoología y Antropología Física; Facultad de Biología; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; C/ José Antonio Novais nº 2; 28040 Madrid; España 2E-mail: [email protected] Resumen Se da a conocer la taxocenosis de los Berytidae Fieber, 1851 (Heteroptera) en el macizo central de la Sierra de Gredos (Ávila, centro de España). Se capturaron nueve especies, siendo seis de ellas primeras citas para la provincia de Ávila. Los tipos de distribución encontrados son seis; la predominante es la mediterránea sensu lato (euromediterránea y holomediterránea). Se comparan los datos obtenidos de la Sierra de Gredos, con los aportados en la bibliografía para otras zonas de la Península Ibérica. Palabras clave: Heteroptera, Berytidae, taxocenosis, Gredos, Ávila, centro de España. Laburpena Beritidoak (Heteroptera: Berytidae) Gredos Mendizerraren erdialdeko mendigunean (Ávila, erdialdeko Espainia) Berytidae-ren Fieber, 1851 (Heteroptera) taxozenosia ezagutarazten da Gredos Mendizerraren erdialdeko mendigunerako (Ávila, erdialdeko Espainia). Bederatzi espezie harrapatu dira, haietatik sei Ávila probintziarako aipu berriak direlarik. Sei banaketa mota aurkitu dira baina mediterraneoa sensu lato (euromediterraneoa eta holomediterraneoa) da nagusia. Gredos Mendizerratik lorturiko datuak eta Iberiar Penintsularen beste alde batzuetarako bibliografiak jasotzen dituenak alderatzen dira. Gako-hitzak: Heteroptera, Berytidae, taxozenosia, Gredos, Ávila, erdialdeko Espainia. Abstract Stilt bugs (Heteroptera: Berytidae) from the Sierra de Gredos central massif (Ávila, central Spain) This is a faunistic study on the taxocenosis of the Berytidae Fieber, 1851 (Heteroptera) from Sierra de Gredos (Ávila, central Spain). Nine species of stilt bugs were collected. Six of them are first recorded in Ávila province. There are six kinds of biogeographical distributions in the taxocenosis of berytids from Gredos, the prevailing one being the Mediterranean sensu lato (Euromediterranean and Holomediterranean). We compare data obtained from Sierra de Gredos with bibliographic data from other Iberian Peninsula areas. Key words: Heteroptera, Berytidae, taxocenosis, Gredos, Ávila, central Spain. Introducción jos y patas muy delgadas y largas. El primer artejo de las antenas y los fémures presentan un abultamiento Los berítidos se caracterizan por tener el cuerpo apical. Tienen un par de ocelos en la cabeza, tarsos esbelto y alargado, con largas antenas de cuatro arte- de tres artejos y un número limitado de venas longi- 54 COSTAS ET AL.: Berytidae (Heteroptera) de la Sierra de Gredos (Ávila) tudinales en los hemiélitros. La sutura entre el clavus Material y métodos y la coria es muy patente. La familia Berytidae la estableció Fieber en 1851 Las prospecciones entomológicas se realizaron para agrupar 7 géneros. Tradicionalmente, diversos durante los años 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988 y 1989, una autores como Douglas y Scott (1865), Mulsant y Rey vez al mes en las estaciones de primavera y verano, (1870) o Puton (1881, 1899), la han subdividido en por M.Á. Vázquez, I. Legaz y M. Costas. Adicional- dos subfamilias, Berytinae y Metacanthinae, clasifi- mente, M. Costas realizó un muestreo sistemático cación mantenida hasta hace poco tiempo (Schuh y durante todo el año 1990 en 11 localidades. Slater, 1995). En la vertiente norte se eligieron cinco localidades: En 1984 Jean Péricart publicó una monografía sobre Prado de las Pozas, La Plataforma, Navalperal de los berítidos euromediterráneos, que incluye el estu- Tormes, Navacepeda de Tormes y Navarredonda de dio de material de diversas colecciones españolas. Gredos. En la cara sur se muestrearon seis: Monte Posteriormente, Günther (1997) describió una espe- Pelayo, Monte Ávila, Mingo Fernando, La Cebedilla, cie nueva de la zona del Cabo de Gata (Almería): Ramacastañas y Monte de la Garganta Lóbrega. Gampsocoris gatai. La distribución de estas localidades en los cuatro Como consecuencia del análisis cladístico realizado pisos de vegetación, según Rivas Martínez (1983), es por Henry (1997a) al revisar todos los géneros del la siguiente: mundo, este autor propuso la división de la familia -Piso mesomediterráneo: Monte Pelayo, Monte en tres subfamilias, cada una de ellas con dos tribus: Ávila, Ramacastañas, Monte de la Garganta Berytinae, con Berytini y Berytinini, Gampsoco- Lóbrega. rinae, con Gampsocorini y Hoplinini, y Metacan- thinae, con Metacanthini y Metatropini. El análisis -Piso supramediterráneo: Navalperal de Tormes, filogenético de Henry (1997b) deja claro el carácter Navacepeda de Tormes, Navarredonda de Gredos, monofilético de esta familia, así como sus relaciones La Cebedilla y Mingo Fernando. con el resto de las familias que componen la super- -Piso oromediterráneo: La Plataforma. familia Lygaeoidea. -Piso crioromediterráneo: Prado de las Pozas. En el mundo se conocen unas 170 especies, reparti- das en 35 géneros (Henry y Froeschner, 1998, 2000). Se da una información más detallada sobre la meto- Para la Región Paleártica se han citado 54 especies dología de los muestreos y sobre la zona de estudio en 13 géneros, según el Catálogo de los Heteroptera en la tesis doctoral sobre ligeidos de Costas (2004) y (Péricart, 2001), con un total de 20 especies en la en Costas y Vázquez (2004). Península Ibérica, repartidas en 6 géneros, y que per- Para la identificación de los ejemplares capturados se tenecen a cinco de las seis tribus mencionadas, ya ha seguido el criterio del Catálogo de los Heterop- que Hoplinini no está representada en la fauna pa- tera de la Región Paleártica (Péricart, 2001), así leártica. Para Cataluña se han citado hasta la fecha como las claves de identificación elaboradas por 16 especies de las 20 presentes en la fauna ibérica Péricart (1984) en su monografía sobre los berítidos (J. Ribes et al., 2004); para la Comunidad de Madrid euromediterráneos. se han citado 12 especies (Péricart, 1984; Costas et El material está depositado en la colección del al., 2005); y 8 para el País Vasco (Pagola-Carte et al., Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física de 2003). la Facultad de Biología de la Universidad Complu- En nuestras latitudes, los berítidos presentan ciclos tense de Madrid. biológicos univoltinos, con adultos hibernantes que A cada especie se le ha asignado un número de pueden refugiarse en los musgos y la hojarasca. Casi orden identificativo para la elaboración de las tablas todas las especies son muy polífagas (Wheeler Jr y de captura. Se indican los taxones vegetales sobre los Schaefer, 1982) y en la bibliografía se han indicado que se han recolectado las diferentes especies de casos de especies predadoras facultativas.Por lo ge- berítidos. Igualmente, se incluyen las plantas citadas neral, los heterópteros de esta familia no constituyen en la bibliografía consultada. Se relacionan las citas plagas ni ocasionan daños a los cultivos en las regio- por provincias, por orden alfabético, existentes en nes templadas (Henry, 2000). la bibliografía utilizada, para España íbero-balear y Portugal peninsular. Heteropterus Rev. Entomol. (2005) 5: 53-63 55 Lista faunística sobre Echium vulgare. La Cebedilla (El Hornillo) UTM 30TUK1960: 2-VIII-1984 I. Legaz leg. 1 &. Monte Nº 98 Navahondilla (Navarredonda de Gredos) UTM 30TUK1971: Familia BERYTIDAE Fieber, 1851 24-VII-1984 M.A. Vázquez leg. 1 %.Ramacastañas UTM 30TUK2650: 22-VI-1989 M. Costas leg. 1 % sobre gramíneas. Distribución: Holomediterránea. Subfamilia BERYTINAE Fieber, 1851 Citas bibliográficas: Citada de Ávila por Péricart (1984). Tribu BERYTINI Fieber, 1851 ESPAÑA: Albacete: Péricart, 1984. Barcelona: Wagner, 1960a; Péricart, 1984; J. Ribes y Goula, 1995; J. Ribes y 1. Apoplymus pectoralis Fieber, 1859 E. Ribes, 2001. Cáceres: Péricart, 1984. Ciudad Real: Péricart, 1984. Córdoba: Lindberg, 1932; Péricart, Material estudiado: 4 &&: 1984. Girona: Navàs, 1930. Guadalajara: Péricart, La Cebedilla (El Hornillo) UTM 30TUK1960: 27-VIII-1985 1984. Huelva: Lindberg, 1932. Jaén: Lindberg, 1932. I. Legaz leg. 1 &. Monte de la Garganta Lóbrega (Candelada) Madrid: Seabra, 1926; Péricart, 1984; Costas et al., UTM 30TUK1349: 30-VIII-1984 M.Á. Vázquez leg. 1 &; 2005. Salamanca: Champion y Chapman, 1903; Péri- & 23-VII-1990 M. Costas leg. 1 sobre Alnus glutinosa (aliso); cart, 1984. Santander: Péricart, 1984. Sevilla: Péricart, 29-VIII-1990 M. Costas leg. 1 & sobre aliso. 1984. Tarragona: Péricart, 1984. Distribución: Holomediterránea. PORTUGAL: Común según Seabra (1930a). Citado Citas bibliográficas: Citada de Ávila por Péricart de: Alto Alentejo (Évora: Seabra, 1930a, 1939b; (1984). Péricart, 1984. Herdade da Mitra: Seabra, 1939b). Algarve (Faro: Péricart, 1984. Herdade de Zambu- ESPAÑA: Barcelona: Péricart, 1984; J. Ribes, 1988; jeiro: Seabra, 1939b. Mata de Foia: Seabra, 1930a, J. Ribes y Goula, 1995; J. Ribes y E. Ribes, 2001. 1939a, 1939b.Portimão: Seabra, 1930a, 1939b). Cádiz: J. Ribes, 1988. Córdoba: Lindberg, 1932; Beira Alta (Guarda: Oliveira, 1896; Seabra, 1930a. Péricart, 1984. Granada: Péricart, 1984. Madrid: Vale de Azares: Oliveira, 1896; Seabra, 1930a.Viseu: Péricart, 1984; Costas et al., 2005. Málaga: J. Ribes, Péricart, 1984). Beira Litoral (Coimbra: Oliveira, 1988. Tarragona: Péricart, 1984. 1896; Seabra, 1930a. Mata de Leiria: Seabra, 1930a, PORTUGAL: Beira Litoral (Coimbra: Péricart, 1939a, 1939b; Péricart, 1984.
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