Thieme: Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases

Home , Retropharyngeal abscess, Rhinomanometry, Vomeronasal organ

445

Subject Index

Page numbers in italics denote ﬁgures and those in bold denote tables

A adenomas, salivarygland 428 –430, anosmia 125,136 abscesses 429, 432 anotia 49, 49 brain see under brain pleomorphic see pleomorphic anterior rhinoscopy129 –131, 131 cervical soft tissue 388 adenoma antibiotic(s) epidural 188, 188 adhesive otitis 76, 76 aminoglycoside 95–96 nasal septal 199–200 aerosol inhalation 158 ototoxic 95–96 oral floor 256, 260, 260 aerotitis 87 resistance 440 orbital 186,187,187 age-related hearing loss 17 rhinosinusitis management 160 peritonsillar 270,270–272, 271 agnosia, acoustic 104 topical 144 retropharyngeal 273, 273 agranulocytosis 265 upper respiratory/digestive tract subdural 188,188–189 AIDS (acquired immune deficiency diseases 159 subperiosteal 66, 66, 186,187 syndrome) 251,251–252 antiseptics, topical 144 achalasia 362,371 aids, hearing 106, 106,107,107 antrostomy175, 176 cricopharyngeal 371–372 air conduction 28 anulus fibrosus 4, 5,69 acid burns airflow, nasal 126,126–127 aperiodic vibration 15, 15 esophageal 362,365–366 alae, nasal, anomalies 215, 217 aphasia 340–342, 341, 343 oral/pharyngeal 277–278 alkali burns aphthae 252 acinic cell tumors, salivary432 esophageal 362,365–366 articulation disorder 336 acoustic agnosia 104 oral/pharyngeal 277–278 arytenoidectomy, partial 305, 307 acoustic end organ see cochlea allergens, ear 54, 54 ataxia 20 acoustic neuroma 92,92,93, 94 allergic glossitis 256–257 atresia acoustic rhinomanometry136 allergic rhinitis 150–151, 151 choanal 211–212 acoustic trauma, acute 88 allergic stomatitis 250 laryngeal 302 acquired immune deficiencysyn- allergystudies 140 meatus 54, 55, 55 drome (AIDS) 251,251–252 Alport syndrome 108 of nostrils 211 actinomycosis aminoglycoside antibiotics, ototox- atrophic pharyngitis 274, 274, cervical soft tissue 388 icity95 –96 275 oral 257, 260 ampulla/ampullarycrest 9, 10 atrophic rhinitis 155 acute otitis media 61–65, 62, 66,76 amyloid, laryngeal 317, 317 attic cholesteatoma 70, 71 acute rhinitis 149–150 analgesia, ear pain 59 audimutism 108 acute subglottic laryngitis 314, 314, aneurysms, cervical 397 audiometry27 –41, 30 358 angina impedance 14, 35–37 acute tubal occlusion 59, 59 herpetic 263, 263 pediatric 40–41 acute vestibular loss/paralysis 99, Vincent 265–266, 266 pure-tone 27–28, 29,34 99, 100,100–101 angiofibroma, nasopharyngeal 242, speech 32–35, 36,41 adenocarcinoma 288, 289 auditorybrain stem response (ABR) salivarygland 433,434 angiography 38, 39,41,99 see also carcinomas cervical 387 auditorycortex 11 adenoid cystic carcinoma, salivary ear 24 auditoryevoked potentials (AEPs) 433,433–434, 434 paranasal sinuses 137 35, 37–38 surgical resection 437, 437 angioma, nasopharyngeal 241 auditoryfatig ue, pathologic 32 adenoidectomy244, 244 angular acceleration measurement auditory field, human 32 adenoids 19–20, 45 auditorymiddle latencypotential anatomy233, 234, 234 angular cheilitis, as earlysymptom (AMLP) audiometry38 hyperplasia 238, 238,243–244, of HIV infection 251, 251 auditorypathways 13 244 angular vein 117, 117 auditoryperception (central) 105 see also tonsil(s) anomic aphasia 341, 343 aural discharge 63, 115

auricle 2, 2,21 bilateral meatal atresia 95 C appendages 49 bilateral vestibular loss 100–101 cacosmia 136 congenital fistulas 49, 50 biological mucosal competence 7 Caisson disease 87–88 dysplasia 49, 49 biopsy Caldwell–Luc radical antrostomy reconstructive operations 49–50 cervical 387 175, 176 see also external ear lymph nodes 387, 404, 404 caloric labyrinthine testing 45, 46, auriculotemporal syndrome 428 nasal 140 47 autogenous nerve grafts, facial salivarygland 419 cancer see tumors nerve surgery113 bites cancer of unknown primary(CUP) autoimmune disease, inner ear 97 insect, oral/pharyngeal 278 syndrome, cervical 402–403 autophony61 tongue 278 candidal pharyngitis 266, 266 blastomycosis, nasal cavity 156 candidal stomatitis 250 B blast trauma, ear 88 carbuncle, cervical 387 bacterial diffuse otitis externa 51 blow-out fracture 206–207, 207, carcinoma in situ, laryngeal 319, bacterial infection 208 321 control 440–442 body-cover model 330–331, 331 carcinomas ear Boeck disease 390 basal cell see basal cell carcino- external 50–52, 53 Boerhaave syndrome 368 ma middle see otitis media bone-anchored hearing apparatus bronchial 360 salivaryglands 420– 421, 421 (BAHA) 106 ear see also specificinfections bone conduction 28, 31–32 external 56–57, 57, 57 balance system bone suppuration, chronic 68 external auditorymeatus 58, acceleration measurement bonylabyrinth 8 71 19–20 bonytumors, ear 94 middle 68, 71, 91, 91 anatomy9, 9, 10 11–12 bougienage 366, 366 hypopharyngeal see hypo- central connections 11–12, 13 Bowen disease 254 pharyngeal carcinoma disorders 97–101, 99 external ear 57 laryngeal see laryngeal central/neural causes 100, 102 oral mucosa 254 carcinoma inflammatory96 –97 brain lip see lip(s) pathogenesis 20,20–21 abscesses nasal cavity225 –227, 226, 226 symptoms 99 otogenic 79, 80 oral cavity282 –288, 283, 286 physiology 18,18–20, 19 rhinogenous 189 paranasal sinuses 225–227, 226, toxic damage 95–96 language areas 341 226, 227 see also vestibule, ear brain stem salivarygland 420, 428, barbiturate intoxication 43, 102 compression, in balance disorder 428–437, 432,432–437 barium swallow 362, 362 102 metastasis 401, 403,434,434, barotitis 87 lesions, in optokinetic nystag- 435 barotrauma mus 47 squamous cell see squamous cell middle ear 87 brain stem evoked response carcinoma paranasal sinuses 207 audiometry(BERA) 38 submandibular gland, lymph- basalcellcarcinoma branchial arches, embryology node metastasis 401, 403 ear, external 56–57, 57, 57 393–394, 394 thyroid gland see thyroid gland nose, external 222–223, 223 branchial cysts 395, 395 tongue basilar membrane 15, 15 branchial fistulas 394–395 base 286–288 bat ear 49, 49 broad nose 215 body285– 286 Behçet disease 252 Broca aphasia 340–341, 343 lymph-node metastasis 400, Békésytest 32 bronchial tree 401 Bell’spalsy111–112 anatomy344, 345 tonsillar see tonsil(s) benign lymphoepithelial lesion carcinoma 360 tracheal 359,359–360 423,423–424 see also tracheobronchial tree cardiospasm 362,371 benign paroxysmal positional ver- bronchiectasis 359 carotid artery378, 378 tigo (BPPV) 100 bronchoscopy345 –346, 346, 347 carotid body379 Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease bullous myringitis 52–53 tumor 385,397 147, 424 burns carotid sinus 379 β2transferrintest140 nasal 146 cartilaginous meatus see external Bezold mastoiditis 66 oral/pharyngeal 277–278 auditorymeatus bilateral deafness 109 bursitis, pharyngeal 275 catarrhal tonsillitis 260, 261

aus: Behrbohm u. a., Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases (ISBN 9783136712030) © 2009 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Subject Index 447 catscratch disease 390–391 cochlear implants (CI) 110 clefts cauliflower ear 54, 55 deaf 109,110,110 face/nose 210 caustic substances see chemical(s) language acquisition 110–111 lip/jaw/palate 210–211, 281, cavernous sinus thrombosis 189 ear examination 22 281–282 Ccellcarcinoma411,411 foreign bodyremoval, ears 56 clinical hearing tests see audiome- cellulitis hearing disorders 107–111 try orbital 186–187 hearing tests 40–41 Clostridium difficile infection 440, periorbital 186, 186 language development, normal 441–442 central hearing disorders 17, 34, 338, 338–339,340 cochlea 104, 105 multiple handicaps 109 anatomy8, 10, 11, 12, 13 central vestibular system nasal septum 199 disorders 95–97 compensation 20–21 osteomyelitis of upper jaw 191 function 14–15 disorders 100, 101, 102 otitis media, acute 64–65 ototoxin damage 96 cerebellar abscess 80 retropharyngeal abscess 273, cochlear implants (CI) 107, 107,110 cerebral concussion 102 273 cochleovestibular disorders cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 85, 85 rhinosinusitis 180–182, 181, 182, 95–104 cerumen 22, 55 182, 183 common carotid artery378, 378 cervical lymph nodes speech audiometry41 composite grafts 216, 217, 218 anatomy380 –382, 382 speech development timetable computational fluid dynamics biopsy404, 404 110 (CFD), nasal airflow simulation classification 400–401, 402 speech disorders 336–338 126, 126 inflammatorydisorders subglottic laryngitis, acute 314, computed tomography(CT) 388–391 314, 358 cervical soft tissues 386–387 diagnostic techniques zygomatic bone inflammation ear 24, 25 404–405 66 paranasal sinuses 137, 138 malignant tumors 398–403 see also congenital conditions/ lesions, evaluation of spread diagnostic techniques anomalies 132 404–405 choanal atresia 211–212 salivaryglands 417 metastatic (secondary) choanal polyps 168 concussion 399–403, 400, 401, 403 cholesteatoma 3, 24, 47,67 cerebral 102 primary398 –403 acquired, middle ear 68–73 labyrinthine 86 surgical management attic 70, 71 conduction, sound 405–406, 406 in chronic otitis media 69, 70 air vs. bone 28, 31, 34 palpation 385, 386 congenital, temporal bone 73 disorders 17, 31, 33, 105 cervical rib 395 epitympanic 4 conduction aphasia 341, 343 cervical spine syndrome 391–392 extension pathways 71 conductive hearing loss 17, 31, 33, cervical syndrome 101 flaccida 69–70 105 chancre meatal 76 congenital conditions/anomalies oral 253, 253 occult 69 cervical 393–397 see also syphilis posttraumatic 76 cholesteatoma, temporal bone cheilitis 247 surgerygoals 72 –73 73 angular, as earlysymptom of HIV tensa 69, 70 ear infection 251, 251 chordoma 288 external 49, 49,94–95 chemical(s) chromosomal anomalies, deafness/ internal 95, 95 ingestion, esophageal trauma hearing defects 108 middle 94–95 362,365–366 chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis esophagus 372–373 inhalation, laryngeal trauma with nasal polyps 166–167 hearing loss 41 312–313 chronic noise trauma, ear 88–89 larynx 301,301–302 chemodectoma 385, 397 chronic otitis media 47, 60, 67, mouth/pharynx 280–282 chemotherapy 67–73, 76 nose 210–212 laryngeal carcinoma 322 with cholesteatoma 69, 70 salivaryglands 413 nasal cavity/paranasal sinus tu- see also cholesteatoma tracheobronchial tree 358–359 mors 227 epitympanic 4, 6, 68, 68 coniotomy354, 355 ototoxic drugs 96 seromucinous 59, 60, 60 constructive interference in steady children chronic rhinitis 153–154 state (CISS) sequence 26 audimutism 108 Churg–Strauss syndrome 170 contact dermatitis/eczema 54 cholesteatoma occurrence 74 cilia see hair cells contact granuloma 309–310, 310

continuityloss, facial nerve surgery cystic fibrosis 184 esophageal 362,368–369, 369 112 cystic hygroma 282, 396–397, 431, hypopharyngeal (Zenker) 279, contralateral, ipsilateral and me- 431 279–280, 280 dian (CIM) drainage concept, cytology, nasal mucosa 140 diving accidents (ear trauma) frontal sinus 176–177, 178 cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, 87–88 conversational speech, hearing salivaryglands 422 dizziness 20, 20,41–42, 47 threshold 27 cytostatic drugs, ototoxic 96 dominant hereditarydegenerative cordectomy323 –324, 324 hearing loss 108 posterior 305, 307 D Dott’soperation114 Corti, organ of see organ of Corti dangerous mastoid process 8 double aortic arch 373 cortical evoked potentials (CEPs) deafness drainage, lymphatic see lymphatic 38–39 conductive 105 drainage cortical mastoidectomy 65 exogenous 109, 110 drainage disorders, middle ear corticosteroids genetic 108 spaces 58–61, 60 topical 144 recruitment phenomenon 17–18 drug-induced conditions upper respiratory/digestive tract see also hearing loss cochleovestibular disorders disease management 159 decibel (dB) scale 30, 32 95–96 costoclavicular compression syn- decompression, facial nerve 113, rhinitis 154–155 drome 395 113 stomatitis 250 coughing 384 decompression sickness 87–88 taste disorders 237, 238 coxsackie virus infection, salivary dental infections 257, 260 dyes, dermatologic use 144 glands 422 depolarization, hair cells, ear 16, 18 dynamic positional test 45, 46 cranial bone conduction 28 dermatitis, contact 54 dysgenetic cysts 426 cranial fossa, anterior, frontobasal dermatology see skin dyslalia 336 injury207 –210, 208, 209 dermoid cysts dysosmias 124–125, 125 cranial nerve(s) cervical 387 dysphagia 235, 236,245–247, 246 eighth see vestibulocochlear nasal 211 due to congenital double aortic nerve development arch 373 ninth, neuralgia 276 mastoid process 7 functional 277 seventh see facial nerve see also embryology dysphonia 303 tenth, neuralgia 276–277 deviation, nasal 213,214–215, 216 musculoskeletal tension craniotympanic bone conduction septum 197–199, 198 334–335 28 diabetes, necrotizing otitis externa spasmodic 335 cricoarytenoid joint, in rheumatoid 53 dysplasia arthritis 317 diagnostic imaging auricular 49, 49 cricoid cartilage 293, 293 ear 24–26 laryngeal 319, 321 injury 312 esophagus 362,362–363 oculoauriculovertebral 395 cricopharyngeal achalasia 371–372 larynx 300 dyspnea 303 cricothyrotomy 354, 355 neck 386–387 differential diagnosis 348–349, cri-du-chat syndrome 108 nose 136–137 349 crista ampullaris 9, 10 pharynx 240,241,241 croup syndromes 314–315, 358 salivaryglands 417 –418 CUP (cancer of unknown primary) see also specifictechniques E syndrome, cervical 402–403 digestivetract,upper,localconser- Eagle syndrome 276 cupula 9, 10,47 vative treatment 158–159 ear 1–115 cutaneous horn, ear 57 digital subtraction angiography allergens (dermatitis/eczema) cylindroma see adenoid cystic car- (DSA), cervical 387 54, 54 cinoma diphtheria anatomy1 –14 cyst(s) nasal 155 development 1, 1, 2 branchial 395, 395 pharyngeal 264,264–265 diseases 49–104, 115 dermoid see dermoid cysts tracheal 358 see also specificdiseases nasal 211 discharge, aural 63, 115 examination instruments 22, 23 paranasal sinuses 185, 185 distortion product otoacoustic external see external ear retention see retention cysts emissions (DPOAEs) 39, 40 foreign bodies 2, 22, 55–56, 56 salivarygland 426– 427 distraction test 41 inner see inner ear thyroglossal duct 393, 393 diuretics, ototoxicity96 investigation methods 21–41 cystadenolymphoma 430, 430 diverticulum see also specifictechniques

middle see middle ear epidural empyema 77 anatomy2, 14 pain 52–53, 115 epiglottis 293 atresia 54, 55, 55 analgesia 59 see also larynx carcinoma 58, 71 physiology 14–21 epiglottitis, acute 314–315, 315 fractures 85 protection 89 epistaxis 191, 193–197, 195, 196, furunculosis 52 toxins 95–96 197 investigation techniques 21, 36 wax 22, 55 epithelial cell sialadenitis 424 external carotid artery378, 378 eardrum see tympanic membrane epitympanitis 4, 6, 68, 68 external ear earlyacquired hearing loss 41 Erb point 383, 383 anatomy 2,2–3, 3 eating 235 erysipelas auricle see auricle eczema external ear 51, 51 congenital anomalies 49–50, aural 53–54, 54 external nose 146, 146 94–95 nasal 145 erythema multiforme 255 diseases 49–64 edema, Reinke 318, 319, 320 esophageal diverticulum 362, inflammatory50 –55 elderly see older people 368–369, 369 see also specificdiseases electrocochleography(ECochG) 38 esophageal spasm, idiopathic 362, embryonic development 1, 1, 2 electrodiagnosis, facial paralysis 48 372 inspection methods 21–24 electroencephalogram (EEG), hear- esophageal stenosis, congenital trauma 54–56 ing assessment use 37–38 372 tumors 56–58, 57, 57 electrolyte sialadenitis 425 esophageal varices 372 benign 56 electromyography (EMG) esophagitis 370 lymph-node metastasis 401 facial nerve 48 esophagoscopy363, 364, 364, 365 malignant 56–58, 57 larynx 301 flexible 363, 365 external nose electroneuronography(ENoG) 48 rigid 363, 363, 364 anatomy 116,116–117 electronystagmography (ENG) 43 esophagus 361–374 inflammatorydiseases 145 –149 embryology anatomy 361,361–362 inspection/palpation 129, 130 branchial arches 393–394, 394 congenital anomalies/fistulas malignant tumors 222–225 ear 1, 1, 2 372–373 shape disorders 212–215, 213 larynx 293 disorders 362, 365–374 see also nose salivaryglands 413 –414 inflammatory370 eye-tracking tests 47 emergencyprocedures 439 motility370 –372 empyemas, epidural 77 see also specificdisorders F encephalitis 102 examination/investigation face endogenous eczema 54 methods 362–365 proportions and symmetry 212 endogenous ototoxins 95 see also specifictechniques reconstructive surgery215 –218, endolymph 8, 98 physiology 362 217, 218, 219, 220, 221 endonasal microsurgery, paranasal short 372 traumatic injury 203,203–210 sinuses/anterior base of skull trauma 365–368 see also fractures 171–173, 172, 173 tumors 373–374 vasculature 117 endoscopy ethmoidal labyrinth 120,120–121, see also specific facial areas aural 22, 23 160, 161 facial clefts 210 esophageal see esophagoscopy ethmoidal sinusitis 160–161, 161, facial nerve laryngeal see laryngoscopy 162 anatomy 13,13–14, 113 nasal see nasal endoscopy ethmoid sinus tumors, TNM classi- decompression 113, 113 pharyngeal/hypopharyngeal fication 226 disorders 111–114 241, 300 eustachian tube cholesteatoma-related 71 salivaryglands 426, 426 anatomy3 –4 injury, parotid area 427 tracheobronchial 345–346, 346, dysfunction 58–59 investigation methods 47–48 347 functional assessment 26 neuroma 94 endotracheal intubation see intu- patulous 61 paralysis see facial paralysis bation evoked otoacoustic emissions tumors 89–94 end-to-end suture 112 (EOAEs) 15–16 facial neuralgias 171 eosinophilic fungal rhinosinusitis excitabilitytests, facial nerve 48 facial paralysis (EFRS) 182 exogenous deafness 109, 110 House–Brackman scale 435 epidemic parotitis see mumps virus exogenous ototoxins 95 idiopathic 111–112 infection explosion injury, ear 88 investigations 47–48 epidural abscess 188, 188 external auditorymeatus otogenic 111

facial paralysis pyramidal 85, 85 glandular fever 262,262–263 with parotid tumor(s) 432, 433 temporal bone 84,84–85 gliomas, nasal 211 surgery435, 435 zygomatic 205–206, 206 global aphasia 343 reconstructive surgery112 –114, Franceschetti syndrome 50 globus hystericus 277 113, 114 free skin grafts 216–217, 217 glomus tumor 89–91, 90, 91 traumatic 112 Frenzel’sdiagram 44 glossitis 256, 258–259 facial swelling, causes 192–193 Frenzel’s glasses 43, 43 allergic 256–257 fascia, cervical 375–377, 377 frequencyanalysis,mechanical, glossitis rhombica mediana 256 fatigue, auditory89 cochlear 14–15 glossodynia 256 Feldmann dichotic speech test 35 frequency-dependent local stimu- glossopharyngeal neuralgia 276 fetor oris, causes 256 lus, hearing 15, 15 glossopyrosis 256, 259 fibroma, ossifying 220 Freysyndrome 428 glottal sound generation 330–331, fibrosis, middle ear (adhesive otitis) frontal lobe abscess 189 331 76, 76 frontal sinus glottis 293, 293, 294 finger–nose pointing test 42 anatomy 120, 121,121–122 see also larynx first aid procedures 439 drainage pathways according to glottography, high-speed 301 fissured tongue 257, 258 Draf 175–176, 176 goiter 408 fistulas lavage 139, 140,177 Goldenhar syndrome 395 branchial 394–395 mucoceles 185, 185 grafts congenital aural 49, 50 pyocele 185 composite 216, 217, 218 nasal 211 surgery175 –178 skin 216–217, 217 perilymphatic 101 endonasal methods 175–176, granuloma salivary428 176, 177 contact 309–310, 310 test 47, 47 external methods 176–178, midline 157,157–158 thyroglossal duct 393, 393 177, 178, 179 granulomatosis, Wegener 81, tracheoesophageal 362,372–373 see also paranasal sinuses 156–157, 157 fixation, visual 12 frontal sinusitis 163–165, 164 “grommet” 60, 60 fixation nystagmus 43, 45 frontobasal fracture 207–210, 208, gunshot trauma, ear 88 flaccida cholesteatoma 69–70 209, 211 gustation see taste flaps, skin, in head/neck recon- frostbite gustatorysweating 428 structive procedures 217–218, aural 55 gustometry48, 242 –243 218, 219, 220, 221, 222 nasal 146 fluent aphasia 341, 343 functional dysphagia 277 H fluids, inner ear 8, 9 functional endoscopic sinus sur- hair cells, ear 9,9–11, 14–16, 16 follicular thyroid carcinoma 411, gery(FESS) 172,172–173, 173 excitation 16, 16 411 functional MRI (f-MRI), ear 26 halitosis, causes 256 follicular tonsillitis 260, 261 fungal infections Hashimoto thyroiditis 410, 410 folliculitis, nasal vestibular 145 aural 53 headache, rhinogenous 170–171, food, mastication 235 oral/pharyngeal 250, 266, 266 172 foreign bodies paranasal sinuses 182–184, head and neck region aural 2, 22, 55–56, 56 184 plastic reconstruction proce- esophageal 367–368 furuncle dures see under reconstructive laryngeal 313 aural 52 surgery nasal 152–153, 153 cervical 387 prostheses 218 oral/pharyngeal 278 nasal 145, 145 see also specificregions tracheobronchial tree 357, 357 head injury, examination following foveal/foveoretinal stimulation 47 84 Fowler test 32, 35 G hearing fractures gastroesophageal reflux disease aids 106, 106,107,107 blow-out 206–207, 207 (GERD) 370 disorders frontobasal 207–210, 208, 209, gaze-evoked nystagmus 43, 47 central 17, 34–35, 104, 105 211 gaze-paretic nystagmus 43, 47 inflammatory96 –97 laryngeal 311, 311, 312 Gellé test 27, 29 pathophysiology 17–21 mandibular 210 genetic deafness/hearing loss 108 pediatric 107–111 maxillary203 –205, 205 geographic tongue 257, 259 rehabilitation 106–107 nasal bone 201–203, 202, 203 gingivitis, herpetic 248–250, 249 severity108 –109 orbital 205–206, 206 glanders 156 symptoms 99

treatment 105 hyperkeratosis hearing/balance apparatus see also deafness; hearing loss; oral mucosal 253–254, 254 96–97 specificdisorders tonsillar 266 middle 64–81 dynamic range 30 hyperosmia 125 esophageal 370 investigations 27–41 hyperreactivity, nasal 151–152, facial nerve 111 physiology 14–17 152 labial/oral mucosa 247–256, 248 protection (noise) 89 hypoglossal–facial anastomosis laryngeal 313–318 tests see audiometry 114 nasal cavity see nasal cavity thresholds see threshold, hearing hypopharyngeal carcinoma 284, nose, external 145–149 toxic damage 95–96 328,328–329, 329 pharyngeal 260–277 hearing loss 115 lymph-node metastasis 400, salivaryglands 420,420–425 conductive 17, 31, 33, 105 403 see also specificinflammatory congenital/earlyacquired 41 hypopharyngeal diverticulum 279, disorders genetic 108 279–280, 280 infundibulotomy173 –174, 174, 175 sensorineural see sensorineural hypopharynx 328–329 inhalational therapy, upper respi- hearing loss anatomy 228,232,232 ratorytract diseases 158 tubal function assessment 26 diseases 328 inhalational trauma, larynx types 17 see also specificdiseases 312–313 see also deafness see also pharynx injuries see trauma Heerfordt syndrome 390, 424 hyposmia 125,136 inner ear hemangiomas hypothyroidism 408–409 aminoglycoside antibiotic dam- cervical 396 age 95–96 laryngeal 302 I anatomy 3,8–12, 9 oral 282 iceberg tumor, parotid gland 429, congenital anomalies 95, 95 salivarygland 430 –431, 431 429 diseases 20–21, 92–94, 95–104 hematoma idiopathic esophageal spasm 362, immunologic 97 auricular 54–55, 55 372 see also specificdiseases laryngeal 311, 313 idiopathic facial paralysis 111–112 embryonic development 1, 2 septal 199–200 idiopathic hearing loss 101, 103 fluids 8, 9 hemotympanum 60 idiopathic rhinitis 151–152, 152 hearing physiology 14 hereditarydeafness/hearing loss imaging techniques see diagnostic injuries 86–87 108 imaging toxins 95–96 hereditarytelangiectasia 197, 197 immotile cilia syndrome (ICS) 184 trauma 84–89 hernia, hiatus 372 impedance 31 tumors 92–94 herpangina 263, 263 audiometry14, 35 –37 insect bites, oral/pharyngeal 278 herpes labialis 249, 249 implants internal carotid artery378, 378 herpes simplex stomatitis active middle ear 106 circulatorydisorders 379 –380, 248–250, 249 cochlear (CI) 107, 107,110 381 herpes zoster infection, oral incudostapedial joint 5, 6, 7 internal ear see inner ear 250–251, 251 incus 5 internal nasal valve 117,118 herpes zoster oticus 52, 52,96–97 indirect laryngoscopy 298, 298 intranasal antrostomy175 hiatus hernia 372 infants see children intrauterine infections, in prena- high-speed glottography301 infection(s) tallyacquired deafness 109 HIV infection 251–252 bacterial see bacterial infection intubation 355, 356 otorhinolaryngologic symptoms fungal see fungal infections injuries, laryngeal 310,310–311 170, 251, 251 hospital-acquired 440–442 inverted papillomas 220–221, 222 Hodgkin disease 398–399 intrauterine, in prenatallyac- isthmus 4 hospital-acquired infections quired deafness 109 440–442 viral see viral infections J House–Brackman facial paralysis see also specificinfections jaw, cleft 210–211, 281,281–282 scale 435 infectious mononucleosis 262, jugular veins 379, 380 human immunodeficiencyvirus 262–263 infection see HIV infection inferior meatus 118, 118 K hump nose 213, 213, 214 inflammation(s) Kaposi sarcoma 251, 251 hydrocephalus, otitic 79 cervical 387–391 keratinizing squamous cell carci- hygroma, cystic 282, 396–397, 431, ear nomas, external ear 57–58 431 external 50–55 Klippel–Feil syndrome 395

Kümmel–Beck frontal sinus tre- chronic 315–318 limen nasi 117,118 phine 139, 140,177 nonspecific315–316, 316 linear acceleration measurement Küttner tumor 422 laryngoceles 302, 302 19 laryngomalacia 301 lingual tonsil 234 L laryngopharynx see hypopharynx infection 262 labial mucosa laryngoscopy 298,298–299 lip(s) inflammatorydiseases 247 –256 indirect 298, 298 carcinoma 282–285, 283 see also specificdiseases rigid 299, 299, 300 lymph-node metastasis 401, see also lip(s) topical anesthesia 298 403 labyrinth (inner ear) instrumentation 299 cleft 210–211, 281,281–282 bony8 laryngostroboscopy, video 334 mucosa, inflammatorydiseases capsule diseases, noninflamma- laryngotomy 353,354,355 247–256 tory81 –82 laryngotracheobronchitis, acute lipoma, cervical 385,398,398 concussion 86 358 lithotripsy426 developmental stages 2 larynx 293–327 long-standing tubal occlusion, membranous 8, 9 anatomy293 –296, 294, 294, middle ear 58 labyrinthectomy 77, 98 295,296 lop ear 49, 49 labyrinthitis 76–77 blood supply295 –296 loudness 31, 32 serous 97 congenital anomalies 301, lower respiratorytract, role of laceration, ear 54 301–302 larynx in protection of 297, 297 lacrimal gland 210 disorders lupus vulgaris, nasal 146–147, 147 sarcoidosis 424, 424 inflammatory313 –318 Lüscher test (tone intensitydi ffer- lacrimal system 210 neurogenic 301–302 ence threshold) 32 injuries 210 organic functional 302–308 Lyme disease 52, 52,391 lacunar tonsillitis 260, 261 embryology 293 lymphadenitis, cervical 388–389 lamina propria 5 examination/investigation lymphadenopathy, cervical language 338–343 methods 297–301 388–391 acquisition in deaf children see also specificexamination diagnostic techniques 404–405 110–111 techniques lymphadenosis, benign 262, areas, brain 341 functions 296–297, 297 262–263 development, normal 338, lymphatic drainage 296, 296 lymphangiomas 338–339,340 mucosal lining 296 cervical 396–397 disorders 340–343 musculature 295, 295, 295 oral 282 laryngeal amyloid 317, 317 nerve supply see laryngeal salivarygland 431, 431 laryngeal carcinoma 293, 321–327, nerves lymphatic drainage 322, 323 palpation 297–298 ear 3 lymph-node metastasis 400, trauma 308–313, 311 larynx 296, 296 401, 403 tumors 318–327 nasal cavity123 laryngeal fractures 311, 311, 312 benign 318–321 parotid gland 414 laryngeal nerves 295, 303, 305 lymph-node metastasis 400, tongue 231, 231 lesions 303,304–308 401, 403 lymphatic epithelial cysts, parotid recurrent see recurrent laryngeal malignant 321–327 gland 427, 427 nerve see also vocal fold lymph nodes, cervical see cervical superior see superior laryngeal laser(s) lymph nodes nerve in rhinology180, 180, 181 lymphoepithelial system, pharynx laryngeal perichondritis 317–318 tonsillotomy269, 269 see tonsil(s) laryngeal sarcoid 317 lateral pharyngitis 263, 263,274, lymphoma see malignant lympho- laryngeal syphilis 317 274 ma laryngeal tuberculosis 316, leprosy, nasal lesions 148 lymphoscintigraphy, neck 387 316–317 leptomeningitis 190 laryngectomee, rehabilitation Lermoyez phenomenon 97 M 326–327 lethal midline granuloma 157, macula, static, ear 9, 9 laryngectomy 325,325–327, 326, 157–158 maculo-ocular reflex 19 327, 328 leukoplakia maculospinal reflex 19 laryngitis laryngeal 319, 321 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acute 313,313–314 oral 253–254, 254 cervical soft tissues 387 acute subglottic 314, 314,358 lichen planus 255,255–256 ear 26, 26

paranasal sinuses 137, 139 Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staph- salivaryglands 417 112, 424–425 ylococcus aureus)infection440, malignant lymphoma 398–399, membranous labyrinth 8, 9 442 399, 399 Ménière disease 8, 92, 97–98, 99, mucoceles Ann Arbor staging classification 115 paranasal sinuses 184–185, 185 399, 400 meningitis 110 salivaryglands 427 in Sjögren syndrome 424, 424 otogenic 77–78 mucociliaryapparatus, respiratory malignant melanoma rhinogenous 189–190, 190 epithelium 127, 128 ear 57,58 meningoencephalocele 211, 211 mucoepidermoid tumors, salivary nose 224,224–225, 225 mesotympanic otitis, chronic 67 432–433, 433 malleus 5 metal stomatitis 250 mucosa Mallory–Weiss syndrome 368 metaplastic osteogenesis 219–220 labial, inflammatorydiseases mandible, anatomy229, 230 methicillin-resistant Staphylococ- 247–256 mandibular fractures 210 cus aureus (MRSA) infection laryngeal 296 manometry364 440, 442 middle ear see middle ear marsupialization 185 microbial eczema 54 nasal see nasal mucosa mastication 235 microlaryngoscopy 299, 300, 301 paranasal sinuses 122, 128 mastoidectomy 65,66–67, 72, 72, microscopy, ear 22, 23 multiple sclerosis 102 73 microtia 49, 49 mumps virus infection 421–422 mastoiditis 62, 65–67, 66 middle ear ear damage 97, 110 acute 67 acquired cholesteatoma 68–69 musculoskeletal tension dysphonia Bezold 66 anatomy 3,3–7, 4, 5, 6, 7 334–335 chronic 67 cavity4, 4, 8 mute children 107–108 mastoid process cleft, narrow zones 4 myoepithelial sialadenitis 423, development 7 congenital anomalies 94–95 423–424 diseases 61–81 diseases 58–95 inflammatory61 –81 drainage/ventilation 58–61, N see also specificdiseases 60 Naffziger syndrome 395 palpation 21 inflammatory64 –81 nasal airflow 126,126–127 maxillaryfracture 203 –205, 205 see also specificdiseases nasal alae, anomalies 215, 217 maxillarysinus embryonic development 1, 2 nasal bone, fractures 201–203, 202, anatomy 120,121,121 examination 21 203 cysts 185, 185 fibrosis (adhesive otitis) 76, 76 nasal cavity lavage 138–139, 139 hearing loss 17, 26, 31, 33, 105 anatomy 117,117–120, 118, 119 surgery173 –175, 174, 175 hearing physiology 14 external inspection 129 tumors, TNM classification 225 implants 106 histology 119,119–120 see also paranasal sinuses injuries 86–87 inflammations 149–158 maxillarysinusitis 162 –163, 163 mucosa 5–6 acute 149–153 measles, acquired deafness from chronic inflammation 67, chronic 153–158 110 67–68 lymphatic drainage 123 meatal cholesteatoma 76 pathologic changes 58 nerve supply 123,123–124 meatus pneumatic system 3–8 tumors external auditory see external reconstructive surgery72 benign 221–222, 222 auditorymeatus sterility61 lymph-node metastasis 403 internal (ear), routes of access trauma 84–89 malignant 225–227, 226, 226, 93 tubal occlusion 58–59 227 nasal 118, 118 tumors 89–94 vasculature 122,122–123 mechanical frequencyanalysis, carcinoma 68, 71, 91, 91 see also nose cochlear 14–15 middle meatus 118, 118 nasal cycle 128 mechanoelectric stimulus trans- midline granuloma 157,157–158 nasal diphtheria 155 duction 15 Mikulicz syndrome 424 nasal eczema 145 mediastinitis 388 motion sickness 101 nasal endoscopy131, 132 –135 mediastinoscopy404 –405, 405 motor fibers, facial nerve 13, 13 diagnostic evaluation criteria 134 medullarythyroidcarcinoma 411, motor paralyses, pharyngeal 279 findings 133, 134 411 mouth see oral cavity flexible 298 melanoma, malignant see malig- MRI see magnetic resonance imag- indications 133 nant melanoma ing (MRI) technique 133,133–135, 135

nasal furuncle 145, 145 congenital anomalies 393–397 symptoms 125,144 nasal hyperreactivity 151–152, 152 disorders 387–403 see also specificdiseases nasal mucosa 119,119–120 cervical spine syndrome examination/investigation biopsy140 391–392 methods 129–140 cytology 140 inflammatory387 –391 see also specificexamination inflammation, nonspecific see also specificdisorders techniques 153–154 dissection 405–406, 406,435 external see external nose protective role 127, 128 examination/investigation influence on speech 128 nasal patency126 –127 methods 385, 386 physiology assessment 135,135–136 lymph nodes see cervical lymph olfaction 119,124 nasal polyps 167–170, 168 nodes reflex mechanisms 127–128 chronic hyperplastic rhinosinu- physiology 384–385 respiration 126,126–127 sitis with 166–167 surgery404 –406 trauma 201–203, 202, 203 classification 167 swellings, differential diagnosis nostrils, stenosis/atresia 211 treatment 169–170, 170, 171 385 nystagmography 43, 44 types 169 trauma 392 nystagmus 42–45 nasal reflexes 127–128 tumors 398–403 fixation 43, 45 nasal respiration 126,126–127 necrotizing otitis externa 53 gaze-evoked 43, 47 nasal septum nerve excitabilitytest (NET) 48 gaze-paretic 43, 47 abscesses 199–200 nerves provoked 45 anatomy117, 117,118,118 cranial see cranial nerve(s) spontaneous 42–43, 44,45,99 deviation 197–199, 198 facial see facial nerve tests 43, 44 diseases 197–200 laryngeal see laryngeal nerves see also specificdiseases vagus see vagus nerve O hematoma 199–200 vestibulocochlear see vestibulo- objective audiometrymethods 35 pediatric 199 cochlear nerve obstructive sleep apnea syndrome perforation 200, 201 neuralgia (OSAS) 290–292 surgery198 –199, 199,200,200 facial 171 obstructive sleep-related breathing nasal sinuses see paranasal sinuses glossopharyngeal 276 disorders 290–292 nasal valve, internal 117,118 superior laryngeal nerve 308, treatment 291,291–292, 292 nasal vestibule 117, 117, 118 308 occupational toxins, ear 96 folliculitis 145 vagus nerve 276–277 oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia see also nasal cavity neurinoma, cervical 398, 398 395 nasopetal reflexes 128 neuritis, retrobulbar optic 187 oculomotor system 21,47 nasopharyngeal tumors 284 neuroblastoma, olfactory225 odontogenic sinusitis 162, 163 benign 288–289 neurogenic disorders older people imaging 241, 241, 242 larynx 301–302 cholesteatoma occurrence 74 malignant 289–290 pharynx 279 hearing loss 104 lymph-node metastasis 400, neuroma olfaction 119,124 400, 403 acoustic 92,92,93, 94 olfactometry136, 137 nasopharyngitis 262 facial nerve 94 olfactorydisorders 124 –125, 125 nasopharynx neuroradiologic investigations, ear olfactoryepithelium 119, 119,124 anatomy 228,231–232, 232 24, 25 olfactorymucosa 119,119–120 examination 240, 241 newborns see children olfactoryneuroblastoma 225 imaging studies 241, 241, 242 nodules, vocal fold 309, 309 optic neuritis, retrobulbar 187 tumors see nasopharyngeal tu- noise 31 optokinetic function tests 47 mors chronic trauma, ear 88–89 optokinetic nystagmus 47 neck 375–412 noise-induced hearing loss 17 oral cavity anatomy375 –384, 429 nonchromaffin paraganglioma anatomy 228,228–231, 229 blood vessels 378,378–380, 89–91, 90, 91 congenital anomalies 280–282 379, 380, 381 nonfluent aphasia 340–341, 343 disease(s) 243–277 fascia 375–377, 377 non-Hodgkin lymphoma 398–399 symptoms 243 lymphatic system 380–382, nose see also specificdiseases 382 cavity see nasal cavity examination/investigation nerves 382–384, 383, 384 congenital anomalies/deform- methods 239–243 regions 375, 376 ities 210–212 inspection/palpation spaces 377,377–378 disease(s) 239–241, 240

traditional instruments 239 otogenic complications 76, 76 frontal see frontal sinus see also specificexamination otogenic facial paralysis 111 frontobasal injury207 –210, 208, techniques otogenic meningitis 77–78 209 mucosa see oral mucosa otogenic sinus thrombosis 78, function 128 trauma 277–278 78–79 lavage 138–140, 139, 140 tumors 282–290, 283 otolith organs 9, 9,19 maxillary see maxillarysinus benign 282 otomicroscopy22, 23 mucoceles 184–185, 185 lymph-node metastasis 400, otomycosis 53 mucosa 122, 128 401, 403 otorrhea 63, 115 ostial occlusion 128–129, 129 malignant 282–288 otosclerosis 81–84, 82 pyoceles 184, 185 routes of access 286, 286 otoscopy 21,21–23, 23 surgery171 –173, 172, 173 oral fetor, causes 256 ototoxins 95–96 tumors oral floor ozena 155, 155 benign 218–221, 222 abscesses 257, 260, 260 malignant 225–227, 226, 226, see also oral cavity P 227 oral mucosa pain, ear 52–53, 115 parosmia 125,136 diseases analgesic use, oral vs. ear drops parotid duct 414 conservative treatment 277 59 parotidectomy436 –437 inflammatory247 –256, 248 palate, cleft 210–211, 281,281–282 conservative 436,436–437 see also specificdiseases palatine tonsil 234, 234 radical 437, 437 injuries 278 see also tonsil(s) parotid gland orbital abscess 186,187,187 palpation anatomy 413, 414–415, 429 orbital apex syndrome 187 cervical lymph nodes 385, 386 cysts 426–427 orbital cellulitis 186–187 ear 21 inflammation see parotitis orbital fractures 205–206, 206 external nose 129, 130 lymphatic drainage 414 organ of Corti 10–11, 12,15,16,17 larynx 297–298 palpation 416, 418 oropharynx mastoid process 21 physiology 414–415 anatomy 228,232,232 oral cavity239 –241, 240 salivarysecretion 414 –415, tumors 282–285, 284 salivaryglands 416 –417, 417, 418 416 lymph-node metastasis 403 pansinusitis 166, 166 sarcoidosis 424, 424 see also pharynx papillaryingrowths, ear 69, 70 sialadenosis 427, 427, 428 Osler–Rendu–Weber disease 197, papillarythyroidcarcinoma 411, surgical resection see parotidec- 197 411 tomy ossicular chain 5, 6,14 papillomas tumors 428,428–437, 432 ossifying fibroma 220 laryngeal 318–319, 320 benign 428–431 osteal bone conduction 28 nasal 220–221, 222 facial paralysis with 432, 433 osteoma, paranasal sinuses oral 282 malignant 432–437 218–219, 222 papillomatosis, recurrent respira- metastatic spread 401, 403, osteomyelitis tory318 –319, 320 434, 434 flat bones of skull 190, 190 paracentesis 63, 63,64 treatment 435–437 upper jaw 191 paradoxical vocal cord movement see also salivarygland(s) osteoplastic sinusotomy176, 177 336 parotitis osteotympanic bone conduction paraganglioma, nonchromaffin bacterial 420–421, 421 28 89–91, 90, 91 chronic recurrent 422–423 ostiomeatal complex 120, 121 paralysis see also sialadenitis otalgia 52–53, 115 facial see facial paralysis pars cochlearis see vestibuloco- othematoma 54–55, 55 laryngeal nerves 303,304–308 chlear nerve otitic hydrocephalus 79 vestibular 99, 99, 100,100–101 pars flaccida 4, 69–70 otitis externa 50–55 paranasal sinuses pars tensa 4, 23, 60,69 circumscripta 52 anatomy 120,120–122 partial ossicular replacement otitis media 110 barotrauma 207 prothesis (PORP) 73, 75 acute 61–65, 62, 66,76 cysts 185, 185 patency, nasal see nasal patency chronic see chronic otitis media diagnostic imaging 136–137, 138 Paterson–Kellysyndrome 275 –276 otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) disease(s) 124–125, 159–171 pathologic auditoryfatigue 32 15–16, 39, 41 fungal 182–184, 184 patulous eustachian tube oto-endoscopy22, 23 symptoms 144 syndrome 61 otogenic brain abscess 79, 80 see also specificdiseases

pediatric audiology/audiometry see mucosal, conservative treat- posttraumatic cervical syndrome children ment 277 101 pemphigus vulgaris symptoms 243 posttraumatic cholesteatoma 76 laryngeal 317 see also specificdiseases Pott puffytumor 190, 190 oral mucosal 254,254–255 examination/investigation pregnancy Pendred syndrome 108 methods 239–242 intrauterine infections causing percutaneous endoscopic gastro- see also specifictechniques deafness 109 stomy(PEG) 374 laryngeal see hypopharynx rhinitis of 154 percutaneous tracheotomy354 lymphoepithelial system see prenatal deafness 109 perennial allergic rhinitis 150 tonsil(s) presbyacusis 17, 103–104 perforation, ear see tympanic mucosal injuries 278 prescalene lymph-node biopsy membrane, perforation musculature 233 404, 404 perichondritis 51, 54 nasal see nasopharynx pressure transformation, middle laryngeal 317–318 nerve supply233 ear 14 perilymph 8, 98 neurogenic disorders 279 primaryciliarydyskinesia 184 perilymphatic fistula 101 oral see oropharynx prostheses perinatallyacquired deafness 109 trauma 277–278 head/neck region 218 perineural–fascicular nerve suture tumors see pharyngeal tumors ossicular replacement 73, 75 114 vascular supply233 provoked nystagmus 45 periorbital cellulitis 186, 186 phlegmon 186,187,187 pseudofistula symptom 47 peripheral neuron, hearing disor- phonation, role of larynx 296 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 53 ders 105 phonological disorders, develop- psychogenic voice disorder 335 peripheral receptor apparatus see mental 336–337 ptyalism 416 ear piercings, tongue 278 pull-through manometry364 peripheral vestibular disorders 20, pigmented nevus, ear 58 pure-tone audiometry27– 28, 29, 101 plastic surgery see reconstructive 34 peritonsillar abscess 270,270–272, surgery pursuit tracking tests 47 271 playaudiometry 41 pyoceles, paranasal sinuses 184, permanentthresholdshift(PTS)89 pleomorphic adenoma 429, 185 petrosal bone imaging 24 429–430, 430 pyramidal fracture treatment 85, petrosectomy, subtotal 72 carcinoma in 434,434–435 85 petrositis 74, 80–81 Plummer–Vinson syndrome petrous apex syndrome 80–81 275–276 Q phantosmia 125 pneumatic systems quinine, ototoxicity96 pharmacomanometry364 middle ear 3–8 pharyngeal bursitis 275 temporal bones 7,7–8 R pharyngeal lymphatic ring see pneumatization 7 radiation sialadenitis 425 Waldeyer ring Politzer balloon 47 radiofrequency(RF) therapy,ob- pharyngeal spasm 279 pollen, airborne 150, 150 structive sleep-related breathing pharyngeal tonsil see adenoids polypoid sinusitis 169 disorders 292, 292 pharyngeal tumors 282–290, 284 polyposis nasi see nasal polyps radiography routes of access 286, 286 polyps ear 24, 24, 25 pharyngitis ear 68, 68 neck 387 acute 273–274, 274 nasal see nasal polyps nose 136 chronic 274,274–275 PORP (partial ossicular replace- paranasal sinuses 136–137, 138 fungal 266, 266 ment prothesis) 73, 75 salivaryglands 418 lateral 263, 263,274,274 positional testing radiomanometry364 ulceromembranous 265–266, dynamic 45, 46 radiotherapy 266 static 42,45,46 laryngeal carcinoma 322–323 pharyngitis sicca 274, 274,275 position-emission tomography nasal cavity/paranasal sinus tu- pharynx (PET) mors 227 anatomy 228, 230,231–233, 232, cervical soft tissues 387 RamsayHunt syndrome 96 –97 233 salivaryglands 418 ranula 415 congenital anomalies 280–282 post-Caldwell–Luc syndrome 171 Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis disease(s) 243–277 posterior rhinoscopy131 –132, 132 (NF2) 94 inflammatory260 –277 postnatallyacquired deafness 110 reconstructive surgery auricle 50

facial paralysis 112–114, 113 allergic 150–151, 151 salivaryduct head/neck 215–218 atrophic 155 cysts 427 flaps 217–218, 218, 219, 220, chronic 153–154 injuries 427 221, 222 idiopathic 151–152, 152 salivarygland(s) 413 –437 grafts 216–217, 217, 218 rhinitis medicamentosa 154–155 congenital anomalies 413 middle ear 72 rhinitis of pregnancy154 cysts 426–427 recruitment phenomenon, deaf- rhinitis sicca anterior 153, 153 disease(s) 420,420–437 ness 17–18, 32 rhinogenous brain abscess 189 inflammatory 420,420–425 recurrent aphthae 252 rhinogenous headache 170–171, investigations 416–420, 417 recurrent laryngeal nerve 295, 303, 172 noninflammatory 420, 305 rhinogenous meningitis 189–190, 425–427 paralysis 304, 306 190 see also specificdiseases bilateral 305, 307, 307 rhinogenous retrobulbar optic embryology 413–414 unilateral 304–305 neuritis 187 major 413, 413 recurrent respiratorypapillomato- rhinogenous sinusitis 162–163 see also parotid gland; sublin- sis 318–319, 320 rhinomanometry135, 135 gual gland; submandibular redundancyphenomenon, hearing acoustic 136 gland tests 35 rhinopharyngitis 59 minor 413, 413,415 reflex(es) rhinophyma 146, 146 secretions 416 audiometry41 rhinoplasty212 –213, 213, 214, 215 tumors 415, 428 maculo-ocular 19 rhinoscleroma 148, 148 palpation 416–417, 417, 418 maculospinal 19 rhinoscopy recurrent bilateral swelling 427, nasal 127–128 anterior 129–131, 131 427 stapedial, measurement 36–37 posterior 131–132, 132 stones 425–426 vestibuloocular 19–20 traditional 130 structure 414 vestibulospinal, tests 42, 42 rhinosinusitis 129, 149, 149, trauma 427–428 Refsum syndrome 108 159–170 tumors 420, 428,428–437, 432 rehabilitation acute 160–166 benign 420,428–431, 432 hearing disorders 106–107 antibiotic therapy160 facial paralysis with 432, 433 laryngectomee 326–327 in children 180–182, 181, 182, malignant 420, 428, 432, Reinke edema 318, 319, 320 182, 183 432–437 rerouting, facial nerve surgery113 chronic 166–170 metastatic spread 401, 403, resonance effect 14 complications 186–191 434, 434,435 respiration bone 190,190–191, 191 treatment 435–437 nasal 126,126–127 intracranial 188,188–190, 190 sarcoidosis role of larynx 297 orbital 186,186–189, 187 cervical lymph nodes 390 respiratoryepithelium 119, 119 soft tissue 186 external nose 147 mucociliaryapparatus 127, 128 eosinophilic fungal 182 laryngeal 317 respiratorytract in HIV patients 170 parotid gland 424, 424 lower, role of larynx in protec- pathogens 160 scalds, oral/pharyngeal 277–278 tion of 297, 297 see also paranasal sinuses scar correction 216, 217 upper, local conservative treat- rhinosporidiosis 156 scarlet fever 263–264, 264 ment 158–159 rib, cervical 395 Schirmer test 48 see also tracheobronchial tree Rinne test 27, 29, 30 Schüller technique, ear radiography response audiometry41 Romberg test 42 24, 24 retention cysts schwannomas laryngeal 319, 320 S cervical 398, 398 ranula 415 saccule 9, 9,19 vestibular 92,92,93, 94, 99 retrobulbar optic neuritis 187 saddle nose 213,214,215 scintigraphy, salivary glands 419, retrocochlear analysis 17 syphilitic 147, 147 420 retropharyngeal abscess 273, 273 salicylic acid, dermatologic therapy scleroma, laryngeal 317 retrotonsillar abscess 270, 144 screening, newborns, hearing 40 270–272, 271 saliva seasonal allergic rhinitis 150–151, rhagades of the commissures 247 composition 415, 416, 416 151 rheumatoid arthritis 317 functions 415–416 sebaceous cysts, neck 387 rhinitis secretion 414–415 seborrheic eczema 54 acute 149–150 disorders 416

secretolytic agents, upper respira- see also specificdiseases head/neck region, metastatic tory/digestive tract diseases 159 topical therapy141 –144, 143 spread 400, 400 semicircular canals (ear) 8, 9, 10, types 140–141 nose, external 223 19–20 skull, osteomyelitis of flat bones salivarygland 434 see also balance system 190, 190 see also carcinomas senile keratosis, ear 57, 57 sleep-related breathing disorders stapedectomy83, 83 sensorineural hearing loss 17, 34, see obstructive sleep-related stapedial reflex measurement 101, 103–104, 105 breathing disorders 36–37 sudden 101, 103 snoring 290 stapedotomy83, 83 sensory fibers, facial nerve 13, 13 sonography stapes prostheses, tympanoplasty sensoryhair cells, ear 9, 9,10 cervical soft tissues 386 75 septicemia paranasal sinuses 137 static maculae, ear 9, 9 otogenic 79 salivaryglands 417, 419 static positional testing 42, 42,45, tonsillogenic 272,272–273 sound 46 septoplasty198 –199, 199, 200 conduction see conduction, statoconia 9, 9,19 septum, nasal see nasal septum sound steam inhalation 158 seromucinous exudate 58 formation, role of oral cavity/ stenoses serotympanum 59, 59 pharynx 239 laryngotracheal 311 serous labyrinthitis 97 intensity 31 subglottic 302 serous otitis media 59, 59 perception disorders 17 tracheobronchial see tracheo- short esophagus 372 properties 30 bronchial tree short increment sensitivityindex transmission 14 Stensen duct 414 (SISI) test 32 volume 31 Stenvers technique, ear radio- short-term tubal occlusion, middle sound pressure level (SPL) 30, 32 graphy24, 25 ear 58 source-filter theory331 –332, 332, stimulus distribution, hearing sialadenitis 420–421, 422–425 333 14–15 chronic sclerosing, submandibu- spasm, pharyngeal 279 stimulus transformation, hearing lar gland 422 spasmodic dysphonia 335 15 electrolyte 425 spa treatment, upper respiratory stimulus transport, hearing 14 epithelial cell 424 tract diseases 158 stomatitis myoepithelial 423,423–424 specific language impairment (SLI) allergic 250 nonobstructive 423, 423 340 candidal 250 obstructive 423 speculum use 22 drug-induced 250 radiation 425 speech 336–338 herpes simplex 248–250, 249 sialadenosis 427, 427, 428 audiometry32 –35, 36,41 metal 250 sialoendoscopy426, 426 development ulceromembranous 247–248, sialography417 –418, 419 absent/delayed 108 248 chronic nonobstructive sial- timetable 110 stones, salivarygland 425 –426 adenitis 423, 423 disorders 336–338 straining, neck 384–385 sialolithiasis 425–426 due to deafness 109 stuttering 337–338 sialometry418 field 35 styloid process syndrome 276 sialorrhea 416 role of nose 128 subclavian artery 378,379,379 sinobronchial syndrome 184 role of oral cavity/pharynx 239 subclavian steal syndrome 380, 381 sinonasal olfactorydisorders sphenoid sinus subdural abscess 188,188–189 124–125 anatomy 120,122 subglottic laryngitis, acute 314, sinuses, paranasal see paranasal surgery178 –180, 179, 180 314, 358 sinuses see also paranasal sinuses subglottic stenoses 302 sinusitis see rhinosinusitis sphenoid sinusitis 165,165–166 subglottis sinus thrombosis spiral organ 10–11, 12,15,16,17 anatomy293, 293, 294 cavernous 189 spontaneous nystagmus 42–43, 44, see also larynx otogenic 78,78–79 45, 99 sublingual gland Sjögren syndrome 423,423–424, spontaneous otoacoustic emissions anatomy 413,415 424 (SOAEs) 15, 39 palpation 416, 418 skin sporadic recessive deafness 108 ranula 415 flaps see flaps, skin squamous cell carcinoma salivarysecretion 416 grafts 216–217, 217 ear, external 57, 57,57–58 tumors 428 lesions 141, 142, 143 see also salivarygland(s)

aus: Behrbohm u. a., Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases (ISBN 9783136712030) © 2009 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Subject Index 459 submandibular duct 415 facial, causes 192–193 lip/oral cavitycarcinomas 283 submandibular gland see also inflammation(s) nasal cavity/paranasal sinus car- anatomy 413,415 swimmer’s otitis 51 cinomas 225 chronic sclerosing sialadenitis sycosis, nasal vestibule 145 salivarygland carcinoma 433 422 synechiae, laryngotracheal 311 tone 31 palpation 416, 418 syphilis 81 decaytest 32 physiology 415 cervical lymph nodes 390 intensitydiff erence threshold salivarysecretion 416 congenital 109 (Lüscher test) 32 stones 425–426, 426 external ear 53 tongue surgical removal 426,437 external nose 147,147–148 anatomy228 –229, 229, 230 tumors 428 laryngeal 317 bites 278 lymph-node metastasis 401, nasal cavity156 burning of 256, 259 403 oral mucosal 253, 253 fissured 257, 258 see also salivarygland(s) tonsillar 265, 265 geographic 257, 259 subperiosteal abscess 66, 66, 186, syringing, ear 22 inflammatorydiseases 256 –260, 187 258–259 subtotal petrosectomy72 T lymph drainage 231, 231 sunburn, nasal 146 taste 237, 237 lymph-node metastasis 401 superior laryngeal nerve 295, 303, disorders 237, 238 nerve supply 229,231 305 tests 48, 242–243 piercings 278 neuralgia 308, 308 temporal bone tumors 282–285 unilateral/bilateral paralysis congenital cholesteatoma 73 base 286–288 307 fractures 84,84–85 body 283,285–286 superior meatus 118, 118 pneumatic system 7,7–8 lymph-node metastasis 400, supraglottis temporal lobe abscess 79–80 401 anatomy293, 293, 294 temporarythreshold shift (TTS) 89 vascular supply230 –231 see also larynx temporomandibular joint see also taste supratonsillar abscess 270, anatomy230, 230 tonsil(s) 270–272, 271 injuries 210 anatomy233 –234, 234 surgery tensa cholesteatoma 69, 70 carcinoma 283, 283,286–288, ear tensor tympani muscle 6 287 external, tumors 58 thermal treatment, upper respira- metastasis 400, 400, 401 hearing disorders 105,106 torytract diseases 158 function 237–238 otosclerosis 83, 83 thoracic fixation 297, 297 hyperkeratosis 266 pyramidal fractures 85 Thornwaldt disease 275 hyperplasia 239, 243, 244–245 facial nerve 112 three-channel manometry364 lingual see lingual tonsil hypopharyngeal tumors 329 threshold, hearing 27–28, 29, 30 palatine 234, 234 laryngeal tumors 323–325 adaptation, chronic noise trauma pathophysiology 238,238–239 nasal cavity/paranasal sinus 89 pharyngeal see adenoids tumors 227,227–228 of discomfort 32 tubal 234 nasal septum 198–199, 199,200, thrombosis, cavernous sinus 189 tonsillar tuberculosis 265 200 thyroglossal duct cysts/fistulas tonsillectomy267 –269, 268, 269 neck 404–406 393, 393 tonsillitis paranasal sinuses 171–173, 172, thyroid gland 407–412 acute 260–262, 261, 262 173 anatomy407 –408, 407 chronic 266, 266–267 see also specificsinuses carcinomas 411,411–412 complications 269–273 reconstructive see reconstructive lymph-node metastasis 403, syphilitic 265, 265 surgery 411, 412 tonsillogenic sepsis 272,272–273 salivarygland tumors 436 –437 disorders 408–412 tonsillotomy269, 269 see also specific conditions; diagnostic procedures 408 topical therapy specificsurgicalprocedures function 408 skin lesions 141–144, 143 suture, end-to-end 112 swelling 385 upper respiratory/digestive tract swallowing 235 thyroiditis 409–411, 410 diseases 158–159 disorders see dysphagia timbre 31 TORP (total ossicular replacement swelling tinnitus 97, 97, 115 prosthesis) 73, 75 cervical, differential diagnosis TNM classification torticollis 396, 396 385 laryngeal carcinomas 323

total ossicular replacement tracheobronchial tree 357–358 tympanometry 36–37, 37, 38 prosthesis (TORP) 73, 75 see also fractures tympanoplasty 72–73, 74, 75 toxins, ear 95–96 traveling wave 15, 15 tympanosclerosis 61 toxoplasmosis 109,391 trench mouth 265–266, 266 Toynbee test 26 trisomy, deafness/hearing loss 108 U trachea tubal function, ear 26 UK, infection control response anatomy344, 345 tubal occlusion, ear 58–59 440–441 tumors 359,359–360 tubal tonsil 234 ulcerative esophagitis 370 see also tracheobronchial tree see also tonsil(s) ulceromembranous pharyngitis tracheal resection 350, 351, 352 tuberculosis 81 265–266, 266 tracheitis 358 aural 53, 67, 71 ulceromembranous stomatitis diphtherial 358 cervical lymph nodes 389, 247–248, 248 tracheitis sicca 358 389–390 ulcers, mouth 252 tracheobronchial tree 344–360 laryngeal 316,316–317 ultrasonography see sonography anatomy344, 345 of nasal cavity156 united airways syndrome 184 foreign bodies 357, 357 oral mucosal 252–253 Unterberger stepping test 42 infections 358–359 salivaryglands 425 upper airwayresistance syndrome investigations 345–346, 346, tonsillar 265 (UARS) 290 347 tularemia 390–391 upper digestive tract diseases, physiology 344 Tullio phenomenon 101 local conservative treatment stenoses 347–351, 348, 349, 350, tumors 158–159 351 cervical 398–403 upper jaw, osteomyelitis 191 trauma 357–358 ear upper respiratorytract diseases, tumors 359–360 external see external ear local conservative treatment tracheobronchoscopy345 –346, inner 89–94 158–159 346, 347 middle see middle ear urea, dermatologic therapy144 tracheoesophageal fistula 362, esophageal 373–374 Usher syndrome 108 372–373 infratentorial 102 utricle 9, 9,19 tracheopexy350, 350 laryngeal see larynx uveoparotid fever 424 tracheoplasty350 –351, 352 nasal cavity see nasal cavity tracheotomy351, 353,353–354, nose, external 222–225 V 354 oral cavity see oral cavity vagus nerve patients 355–357 paranasal sinuses see paranasal neuralgia 276–277 percutaneous 354 sinuses schwannoma 398, 398 tubes 351, 353, 354 pharyngeal see pharyngeal tu- Valsalva test 26, 59 traction diverticulum 362, mors varices, esophageal 372 368–369 salivaryglands see salivary vasoactive substances, in treatment transcortical motor aphasia 343 gland(s) of upper respiratory/digestive transcortical sensoryaphasia thyroid gland see thyroid gland, tract diseases 159 343 carcinomas vasomotor rhinitis 151–152, 152 transcranial magnetic stimulation tonsillar see tonsil(s), carcinoma ventilation disorders, middle ear (TCMS) 48 tracheobronchial 359–360 spaces 58–61, 60 β2transferrintest140 see also specifictumors vertebral artery 378,379,379 transient evoked otoacoustic tuning fork tests 27, 28, 29 vertebral veins 379, 380 emissions (TEOAEs) 39, 40 turning test (vestibular system) 45 vertebrobasilar insufficiency 102, transmission, sound 14 tympanic cavity see middle ear 379–380 trauma tympanic membrane vertigo 20, 44, 115 cervical 392 anatomy/physiology 4–5, 5, 6 benign paroxysmal positional ear 84–89 compliance 38 vertigo (BPPV) 100 external 54–56 injuries 86–87 vestibular neuritis/neuronitis 99, esophageal 365–368 normal vs. pathologic appear- 99, 100 facial 203–210 ance 23–24 vestibule, ear nerve 112 pars tensa 4, 23, 60 anatomy8, 9, 9 laryngeal 308–313, 311 perforation 23, 47, 61, 67, 70, 85 connections 12, 13 nasal 201–203 serous otitis media 59, 59 disorders 97–104 oral/pharyngeal 277–278 sound transmission role 14 central 100, 101 salivarygland 427 –428 tympanogram results 38 functional 20–21

peripheral 20, 101 vocal fold W see also specificdisorders anatomy293, 294 Waardenburg syndrome 108 function tests 41–47 body-cover model 330–331, 331 Waldeyer ring 233, 234 experimental 45, 46,47 carcinoma 321–327, 322, 323 inflammatorydiseases 260 –273 loss/paralysis 99, 99, 100, nodules 309, 309 see also specificdiseases 100–101 palsies 303,303–308, 308 Wallenberg syndrome 380 nuclei input/output 18 paradoxical movement 336 Warthin tumor 430, 430 nystagmus see nystagmus polyps 318, 318 wax, ear 22, 55 pars cochlearis division 12 positions 303,303–304, 304 Weber test 27, 28, 30 schwannoma 92,92,93, 94, 99 surgical excision see cordectomy webs, laryngeal 302 sensorycells, bioelectrical activ- see also larynx; voice Weerda diverticuloscope 280, 280 ity19, 19 vocal misuse 334–335 Wegener granulomatosis 81, see also balance system vocal trauma 309, 309 156–157, 157 vestibulocochlear nerve 11–12, 13 voice 330–336 Wernicke aphasia 341, 343 tumors 89–94 diagnosis 332–334 Wharton duct 415 vestibuloocular reflex 19–20 disorders whispered voice, hearing threshold vestibulospinal reflex, tests 42, 42 due to deafness 109 27 vibrotactile aids 107 functional 334–336 video laryngostroboscopy 334 frequencies, men vs. women 35 X video nystagmography (VNG) 43 production 330–332 xerostomia 416 Vincent angina 265–266, 266 body-cover model 330–331, viral diffuse otitis externa 51 331 Z viral infections glottal sound generation 330, Zenker diverticulum 279,279–280, ear 51, 96–97 331 280 salivarygland 421 –422 source-filter theory331 –332, Z-plasty216, 217 teratogenic 109 332, 333 zygomatic bone inflammation, see also specificinfections voice range profile (VRP) 334 middle ear 66 visual fixation, objects 12 volume-rendering technique, ear zygomatic fracture 205–206, 206 visual reinforcement audiometry diagnostic maging 26 (VRA) 41 vomeronasal organ 125