The Finnish Subtitling of Neologisms in the Science Fiction Television Series Stargate SG-1

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The Finnish Subtitling of Neologisms in the Science Fiction Television Series Stargate SG-1 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI The Finnish subtitling of neologisms in the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1 Riikka Kurki Master’s thesis English Philology / Translation Studies Department of Modern Languages Faculty of Arts University of Helsinki March 2012 Supervisor: Kristiina Taivalkoski-Shilov 2 Tiedekunta – Fakultet – Faculty Laitos – Institution – Department Humanistinen tiedekunta Nykykielten laitos Tekijä – Författare – Author Riikka Kurki Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title The Finnish subtitling of neologisms in the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1 Oppiaine – Läroämne – Subject Englantilainen filologia / Käännöstiede Työn laji – Arbetets art – Level Aika – Datum – Month and year Sivumäärä – Sidoantal – Number of pages Pro gradu Maaliskuu 2012 63 + 14 Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract Tämä pro gradu -tutkielma käsittelee kanadalais–amerikkalaisen tieteissarjan Stargate SG-1 (tunnettu Suomessa myös nimellä Tähtiportti) neologismien eli uudissanojen tekstitystä englannista suomeksi. Uudissana on sana, joka ei ole virallisissa sanakirjoissa tai jolla on sanakirjoissa eri merkitys kuin sen uudessa käyttömuodossa. Tutkimusta varten on kerätty kaikki uudissanat Stargate SG-1 -sarjan seitsemännen tuotantokauden DVD-julkaisulta ja analy- soitu, millaisia käännöstekniikoita sarjan kaksi tekstittäjää ovat käyttäneet kääntäessään sanat. Tutkielman teoriaosuudessa käsitellään science fiction -genren määritelmää sekä pohditaan uudissanan käsitettä ja erilaisia käännöstekniikoita, joilla uudissanoja voi kääntää. Käännöstekniikoita pohdittaessa on huomioitu erityi- sesti Lucía Molinan ja Amparo Hurtado Albirin (2002) tutkimus erilaisista käännöstekniikoista. Teoriaosuudessa esitellään myös Gideon Touryn (1995) lisääntyvän standardisaation laki (the law of growing standardization), jonka mukaan lähdetekstin erikoisuuksia usein tasoitetaan käännettäessä, jolloin käännösteksti ei ole yhtä omaleimainen kuin alkukielinen teksti. Tämän tutkielman lähtöhypoteesi on kuitenkin ollut, että koska uudissanasto on science fiction -genren olennainen piirre, se pyrittäisiin käännöksessäkin säilyttämään mahdollisimman hyvin alkuperäisen kaltaisena. Lopuksi teoriaosuudessa pohditaan genren vaikutusta kääntäjän käännösvalintoihin ja toisaalta kääntä- jän käännösvalintojen vaikutusta genreen. Varsinaisen teoriaosuuden jälkeen pohditaan Stargate SG-1 -sarjaa ja sen erityispiirteitä, jotka tekstittäjän on otet- tava huomioon käännöstyötä tehdessään. Analyysiosiossa esitellään kerätty uudissanasto ja sen tekstittämisessä käytetyt käännöstekniikat, jotka on perusteltu Molinan ja Hurtado Albirin tutkimuksen pohjalta. Lisäksi tarkastellaan Touryn lisääntyvän standardisaation lakia Stargate SG-1 -sarjan uudissanaston kääntämisen kontekstissa. Tutkimuksen tuloksista selviää, että standardisoituminen ei ole ulottunut sarjan uudissanastoon siinä määrin kuin Touryn teorian pohjalta olisi voinut olettaa. Neologismit on käännetty suurelta osin sellaisilla käännöstekniikoilla, jotka ovat muuttaneet alkuperäisen sanan tai ilmauksen merkitystä hyvin vähän, jos lainkaan. Lisäksi vain ani harva uudissana on jätetty kokonaan kääntämättä. Toki jonkin verran standardisoitumista on tapahtunut, ja tätä ilmiötä pohditaankin analyysiosiossa. Tutkimustulos näyttäisi osoittavan, että sarjan tekstittäjät ovat kokeneet uudissanaston tieteissarjalle tärkeäksi piirteeksi ja pyrkineet sen omaperäisyyden säilyttämiseen. Audiovisuaalisen kääntämisen erityispiirteistä johtuen (mm. tila- ja aikarajoitukset, katsojien lukemisnopeuden huomioon ottaminen) lähdetekstiä ei useimmissa tapauk- sissa ole mitenkään mahdollista kääntää kohdekielelle sataprosenttisesti, mutta tästä huolimatta Stargate SG-1 -sarjan tekstittäjät ovat säilyttäneet uudissanaston tekstityksissä lähes kokonaisuudessaan, mikä kielii kyseisen sanaston merkityksellisyydestä. Avainsanat – Nyckelord – Keywords translation studies, science fiction, neologisms, subtitling, the law of growing standardization Säilytyspaikka – Förvaringställe – Where deposited Muita tietoja – Övriga uppgifter – Additional information 1 Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 3 2 Theoretical background ....................................................................................... 5 2.1 What is science fiction?.................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Observations on the translation of science fiction ..................................... 8 2.1.2 Previous research on science fiction translation ...................................... 10 2.2 Neologisms .................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 The translation of neologisms ................................................................. 14 2.3 The role of genre in audiovisual translation .................................................... 21 2.3.1 Standardization and its effects on genre .................................................. 22 3 Stargate SG-1 ...................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Subtitling Stargate SG-1................................................................................. 29 4 Analysing the subtitles ........................................................................................ 32 4.1 Methodology .................................................................................................. 32 4.1.1 The compilation of neologisms ............................................................... 33 4.1.2 The classification of translation techniques ............................................. 38 4.2 Findings ......................................................................................................... 40 4.2.1 Observations on the translators’ strategies .............................................. 48 5 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 52 6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 58 References ............................................................................................................... 61 Appendix ................................................................................................................. 64 2 Tables and figures Table 1. Translation techniques as suggested by Molina & Hurtado Albir (2002)........17 Table 2. Summary of the neologisms accepted for this study........................................ 37 Table 3. The classification of translation techniques that appear in the corpus..........38 Figure 1. The amount and percentages of the translation techniques used in the translation of neologisms in the seventh season of Stargate SG-1............41 Table 4. Variation in the translators’ translation decisions..........................................49 3 1 Introduction “This is the very spot I was standing when I figured out how to recombine epsilon particles in a sub-space matrix. Then I got mugged by some teenagers.” (Dr. Felger, Stargate SG-1, episode 7-09.) The preceding line is from the Canadian–American science fiction television series Stargate SG-1, summarising in two sentences the both techno-scientific and entertainment-oriented nature of the series. This Master’s thesis explores the translation decisions that audiovisual translators of Stargate SG-1 have made when subtitling the series for a Finnish audience. I will concentrate on the translation techniques they have employed when translating neologisms, that is, words or expressions that are completely new and not yet part of standard language, or new meanings for already existing words or expressions. I will thus focus on the translation of such vocabulary in Stargate SG-1 that either does not exist outside the imaginary world of the series at all, or does exist but has a different meaning in normal context than it does in the series. As my corpus, I have gathered all neologisms and their Finnish translations from the DVD publication of the seventh season of Stargate SG-1. Stargate SG-1 aired originally from 1997 to 2007, for ten seasons in total. The plot evolves around an object called Stargate that enables instant space travel from Earth to faraway planets through a wormhole. At the centre of the action is an American military unit consisting of soldiers and researchers who explore the distant cultures that they encounter during their travels, obtaining knowledge and new technologies as the years go by. As space travel does not take years and years in the series but in fact mere seconds, the plotline goes side by side with the real current time of planet Earth, which gives the series a realistic feeling. I chose Stargate SG-1 for the basis of my research not only because of my personal interest in the series, but also exactly because of the way the show intertwines current reality with science fiction, resulting in the presence of both authentic and fictitious vocabulary. Hence a 4 subtitler has to find correct translations for terms that already exist, and at the same time invent Finnish equivalents for words that do not exist outside the fictional world of the series. This is an interesting challenge for the subtitler, who will need both information-seeking
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