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A Free Religious Faith

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A Free Religious Faith Rel THE REPORT UNITARIAN COMMISSION A FREE WEL A REPORT PRESENTED TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF UNITARIAN AND FREE CH~ISTZANCHURCHES U THE LINDSEY PRESS 1 GORDON SQUARE, LONDON, W.CA PREFACE - THISvolume represents the work of a group of writers appointed as a Commission of the General Assembly of Uni- tarian and Free Chfistian Churches, and left perfectly free to deal in their own way, as a group, with the subject of a Free Religious Faith. In accepting the result of their labours and approving it for publication, the Assembly does not imply that the book is issued as an authoritarian statement of denominational belief. ~t is published to help people both inside and outside the churches of the Assembly by an exposition of a religious faith which is free and yet definite in content. ~t expresses the way in which a group of people, professing religious freedom approaches the problem of religion today, and it is the hope of the writers that it may prove of value to all who find themselves no longer able to accept authoritarian forms of religion. The volume is divided into three parts :- ' Part I consists of a general outline of the major conclusions, stated in a coherent and consecutive form. The reader who feels unable to accept some of these conclusions, or who thinks that certain possible~objectionsto them have been overlooked, or who would like to see the issues discussed at greater length, is invited to proceed to the second part. Part N consists of chapters on separate subjects. Here the problems involved in the general conclusions of the first part are considered in fuller detail. Except for the - supplementary notes appended to some of the chapters, registering individual dissent on particular points, each chapter is published as the work of the group as a whole. Part III contains two contributions included by the group as PREFACE stating individual points of view worthy of serious considera- tion, but not endorsed by the group as a whole. , c he Commission consisted of the following members:- RAYMONDV. HOLT, M.A., B.Litt. (Chairman and Editor) CONTENTS LESLIEBELTON, BOA., M.Sc. - H. JOHN MCLACHLAN,M.A., WILLIAMJ. CARTER,M.A. B.D. PREFACE . • . • HERBERTCRABTREE. ERICS. PRICE,M.A. 1 PART I LANCELOTA. GARRARD,M.A., R. F. RATTRAY,M.A.9 P~.D. THE SUMMARY REPORT . B.D. SIDNEYSPENCER, BOA, THE DECLINEOF RELIGIONAND ITS CAUSES ARTHUR S. HURN, M.A.9 ARTHURW. VALLANCE,BOA. 9 D.Litt. GEQRGE S. WHITBY,M.A., THEIMPACT OF SCIENTIFICDISCOVERIES AND THEIR INTER- PRETATION E. GEORGELEE. B.D. I3 THEIMPLICATIONS OF HUMANEXPERIENCE . X5 January, I 745. THEPROBLEMS RAISED BY THESE IMPLICATIONS m . 18 OF THEPROBLEM EVIL . 19 THEPROBLEM OF SUFFERING. • . 20 HUMANDESTINY AND SURVIVALAFTER DEATH m • 22 THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIOUSCAPACITY . 33 THEWORK OF THE CHURCH • • . 3f PART I1 PAPERS AND NOTES THE SOCIALIMPLICATIONS OF RELIGION . * 40 NATUREAND MAN . m . 46 TRUTH,GOODNESS AND BEAUTY. O O G$ vii \ CONTENTS PABE MAN AND GOD . 70 PART I SPIRITUALORDER . 83 A THE SUMMARY REPORT SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS,PERSONALITY AND GOD 88 RELIGIONAND RELIGIONS I35 m • . m 147 THEBIBLE . THEDECLINE OF RELIGIONAND ITS CAUSES THESIGNIFICANCE OF JESUS I53 ~eligioncounts for little to-day in the lives of millions of NOTEON THE LIFEAND TEACHINGOF JESUS . 173 men and women. God does not mean very much to most men and women, but to those of us to whom He means some- SIN AND FORGIVENESS I74 thing real, He means more than ever He did, because we feel THEATONEMENT a . 182 Him and think of Him not merely as a great power beyond our lives nor as a. remote abstraction, but as the life of our lives WORSHIP,SACRAMENTS AND PRAYER. • . 185 and the soul of our souls, present with us and working in us THENATURE AND FUNCTIONOF THE CHURCH 194 and through us, in all that we do and are and aspire to be. IT is for US to understand why religion, which means so much PART 111 to us, has come to count for so little in the lives of others ; it is ' for us to ask what we can do to help men and women to recover INDIVIDUAL POINTS OF VIEW a sense of divine meaning and strength in their lives. A NOTEON NATUREAND MAN . Sometimes the decline is explained by the whole conditions of modern life-the higher speed at which people live uses up THEMYTH . 9 their energies and leaves them too exhausted to do anything more than exist on the surface of things. Undoubtedly the rush and hurry of modern life are very unfavourable to the deepening of man's spiritual life. ~utthese conditions are symptoms of the trouble rather than its cause. The root: causes go deeper. When people to whom religion means little are willing to I0 A FREE RELIGIOUS FAITH THE SUMMARY REPORT answer the question why religion plays so little part in their In trying to state what we believe the essence of religion to lives, they usually reply in essence either that religion is not *.m *. be, we shall not attempt to add one more definition to the relevant to lite, or that religion is not true. hundreds of definitions of religion already in existence. There When people say that religion is not relevant, they mean are so many definitions because religion is so all-embracing that in practice religion has little to do with ~eo~le'sdailv, and appears so interwoven in every aspect of life that any fully lives. we recognize that religion often becomes a'form anh adequate definition is impossible. All that we can do is to a convention, and even an escape from life. The failure of describe some of its characteristics. Professor A. N. White- those who profess and call themselves ~hristiansto act UD to J. head has described it as follows: " Religion is the vision of their faith is a stumbling-block in the way of others. The something which stands beyond, behind, and within, the pass- test is one that Jesus himself laid down: "By their fruits ye ing flux of immediate things; something which is real, and yet shall know them ". waiting to be realized; something which is a remote possi- We would point out that as religion has declined and as bility, and yet the .greatest of present facts; something that men have felt more and more the emptiness of their lives. thev fl gives meaning to all that passes, and yet eludes apprehension; have tried to create substitute religi6ns to make up for wh& something whose possession is the final good, and yet is beyond they have lost. For some sense of relationship to that which all reach, something which is the ultimate ideal, and the hope- trakcends the changes of life is essential to lifie, even if it be less quest ". (" Science and the Modern World." P. 271. only a bare recognition of a cosmic process. carnhidge university Press). We would further point out that it is in a world in which Religion, then, is certainly relevant to life and involves the religion has come to mean little that the structure of civilization profoundest personal and social. implications. It does not fall has broken down. With the decline of religion has gone a loss within the province of this Commission to work out those of vision, and this loss has prevented me; and w0"men from implications but we are all fully conscious of them.1 facing with courage the priblems which human progress of The second criticism, therefore, is the one with which we the past has brought upon them. This loss of sense of ultimate are concerned in this Report. Religion plays so little part in values in life has proved disastrous. Before the actual smash the life of man to-day because people believe that religion is not took place, most men's lives were not so much evil as trivial. true. In the end everything turns on this. For when people purp6seless and meaningless. But people who had lost thi suspect that religion is not true, they no longer seek, and because sense of meaning in their lives -easily became tools of others . * .* they no longer seek, they no longer find. with an evil purpose. In our judgment the view that religion is not true has come When the disaster came upon the world, the spirit of man to be widely accepted because religion has been identified with responded courageously to he immediateSdangeIs and di%- particular forms of religion which have become inadequate and cukies of the time. his is, indeed, one of many hopeful signs with certain beliefs that have been discredited. Every expres- of the surging of a new life in man. But the problems and sion of religion is limited and imperfect, and people have identi- difficulties that the next generation will be called upon to face fied the limited and imperfect expression with religion itself. will require immense patience and tenacity of purpose if they Changes are taking place in human consciousness as a result are to be solved in a way that will leave the life of man richer of all the accumulated experience of centuries and of the creative rather than poorer for the sufferings people have been called spirit of life, and these changes are being resisted by the innate upon to bear. Such patience and tenacity of purpose and conservatism of man and the dead weight of institutions. sense of values require ultimately to be rooted in the aware- Faced with what seemed to be the loss of something that was ness of a purpose and a meaning transcending all the changes precious to them, people have been afraid to go forward and of our life.
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