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Plan De Gestión JULIO 2017 Plan de Gestión Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca ADMINISTRACIÓN DE PARQUES NACIONALES Plan de Gestión Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca ÍNDICE Equipo de Planificación .............................................................................................................. 5 1. Introducción: 1.1. Alcance geográfico y temporal del plan ........................................................................ 6 1.2. Equipo planificador y resumen metodológico del proceso de elaboración del plan .. .7 1.3. Información general del área: 1.3.1. Ubicación geográfica, superficie, límites y eco-región ....................................... 8 1.3.2. Historia de creación del área protegida y marco legal ..................................... 10 1.3.3. Objetivos de creación, categoría de manejo y designaciones internacionales 13 1.3.4. Objetivos de conservación ................................................................................ 14 1.4. Contexto nacional y regional .......................................................................................... 15 2. Caracterización: 2.1 Descripción recursos físicos, naturales, culturales y socio económicos A. Recursos Físico-Naturales 2.1.1. Geología, geomorfología .................................................................................. 17 2.1.2. Suelos ............................................................................................................... 22 2.1.3. Hidrología ......................................................................................................... 23 2.1.4. Clima ................................................................................................................. 28 2.1.5. Flora -Clasificación de ambientes – ................................................................. 28 2.1.6. Fauna ................................................................................................................ 41 B. Recursos Culturales y Socioeconómicos 2.1.7. Caracterización histórica de ocupación humana: información arqueológica. 46 2.1.8. Reseña de la historia de la ocupación del territorio desde finales del siglo XIX.51 2.1.9. Caracterización poblacional y socio-productiva 2.1.9.1. Pobladores rurales del Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca ......................... 52 2.1.9.2. Caracterización socio-demográfica y condiciones de vida ....................... 54 2.1.10. Caracterización de los usos 2.1.10.1. Uso ganadero actual ............................................................................... 59 2.1.10.1.1 Uso ganadero por parte de productores que habitan el Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca .... 61 2.1.10.1.2 Uso ganadero por parte de productores ocupantes de tierras fiscales en áreas circundantes al Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca ..................... 63 2.1.10.1.3. Uso ganadero por parte de productores Trashumantes .................. 64 2.1.10.1.4. Caracterización situación de ocupación y uso no reconocido por la APN 2.1.10.2. Caracterización del uso público .............................................................. 68 1 PLAN DE GESTIÓN – PARQUE NACIONAL LAGUNA BLANCA JULIO 2017 2.2 Valores de conservación: (Identificación de valores de conservación -naturales y culturales-, priorización y breve caracterización). .................................................... 73 2.3 Aspectos institucionales: (Recursos humanos, infraestructura y equipamiento, investigaciones en el área). 2.3.1. Evaluación del cumplimiento del Plan 1993 .................................................... 76 2.3.2. Recursos actuales para la gestión del área protegida ...................................... 79 3. Diagnóstico general de valores, recursos (Valores de conservación, Usos, Problemas y Amenazas) y problemática de gestión 3.1. Diagnóstico de valores de conservación 3.1.1. Humedales y sus cuencas ................................................................................. 86 3.1.2. Comunidades vegetales ................................................................................... 90 3.1.3. Diagnóstico general de fauna ........................................................................... 94 3.1.4. Diagnóstico del patrimonio cultural ................................................................. 98 3.2. Diagnóstico de usos y recursos a gestionar .............................................................. 101 3.3. Diagnóstico de la problemática de gestión del área protegida ............................... 108 3.4. Síntesis de problemáticas de conservación uso y gestión del área protegida ......... 109 4. Zonificación interna del Área / Propuesta de ZAM 4.1. Zonificación (según Plan de Manejo 93) .................................................................. 110 4.2. Zonificación interna del Área ................................................................................... 110 4.3. Propuesta de ZAM .................................................................................................... 114 5. Objetivos y Estrategias del Plan de Gestión 5.1. Objetivos ................................................................................................................... 115 5.2. Estrategias ................................................................................................................ 117 6. Programas, proyectos y actividades 6.1. Programa de operaciones ........................................................................................ 119 6.1.1. Subprograma de administración .................................................................... 122 6.1.2. Subprograma de obras y mantenimiento ...................................................... 127 6.1.3. Subprograma de control, fiscalización y emergencias ................................... 129 6.2. Programa de uso público 6.2.1. Subprograma de recreación y turismo ........................................................... 132 6.2.2. Subprograma de interpretación, educación ambiental y difusión ................ 137 2 PLAN DE GESTIÓN – PARQUE NACIONAL LAGUNA BLANCA JULIO 2017 6.3. Programa de conservación y uso sustentable del patrimonio natural y cultural 6.3.1. Subprograma de investigación y monitoreo .................................................. 138 6.3.2. Subprograma de protección y recuperación .................................................. 151 6.3.3. Subprograma de uso sustentable................................................................... 167 6.3.4. Subprograma de asentamientos humanos .................................................... 171 7. Implementación, seguimiento y evaluación 7.1. Implementación y seguimiento ................................................................................ 174 7.2. Evaluación ................................................................................................................. 175 8. Bibliografía citada y consultada ..................................................................................... 177 9. Anexos Anexo I: Cartografía ......................................................................................................... 185 Mapa Nº 1: Ubicación General ........................................................................................ 186 Mapa Nº 2: Cartografía base del área protegida ............................................................ 187 Mapa Nº 3: Reservas Naturales Estricta y Silvestre ........................................................ 188 Mapa Nº 4: Unidades ambientales ................................................................................. 189 Mapa Nº 5: Unidades fisonómico-florísticas ................................................................... 190 Mapa Nº 6: Ubicación de asentamientos de pobladores ............................................... 191 Mapa Nº 7: Áreas de uso de los pobladores .................................................................. 192 Mapa Nº 8: Zonificación del Plan de Manejo 1993 ......................................................... 193 Mapa Nº 9: Zonificación del Plan de Gestión 2016 ......................................................... 194 Mapa Nº 10: Zona de amortiguamiento ......................................................................... 195 Anexo II: Listas de especies ............................................................................................. 196 Listado de especies de flora del PNLB ............................................................................ 197 Listado de especies de fauna PNLB, incluyendo estado de conservación ...................... 206 Listado de especies de flora endémica y amenazada del PNLB ...................................... 211 Listado de Especies de Valor Especial de fauna .............................................................. 214 Anexo III. Tablas Tabla: Resumen de Caracterización de Unidades fisonómico-florísticas PNLB .............. 216 10. Apéndices ........................................................................................................................ 221 Apéndice I. Proceso de participación Apéndice II. Priorización de valores de conservación Apéndice III. Informe Zona de Amortiguamiento Apéndice IV. Informe de Evaluación de programas del Plan de Manejo 1993 3 PLAN DE GESTIÓN – PARQUE NACIONAL LAGUNA BLANCA JULIO 2017 Apéndice V. Planes temáticos Plan de Uso Ganadero Plan de Uso Público Programa de Conservación y Manejo del patrimonio Cultural del PNLB Plan de Recuperación Ecológica del Sistema de la Laguna Blanca 4 PLAN DE GESTIÓN – PARQUE NACIONAL LAGUNA
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