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CRSI-Design Guide for Voided Concrete Slabs

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CRSI-Design Guide for Voided Concrete Slabs Addendum – Design Guide for Voided Concrete Slabs Supplemental Information for the First Edition Printing Featuring New and Updated Voided Slab Design Considerations, and Project Case Studies. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute 2019 Founded in 1924, the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI) is a technical institute and an ANSI-accredited Standards Developing Organization (SDO) that stands as the authoritative resource for information related to steel reinforced concrete construction. Serving the needs of engineers, architects and construction professionals, CRSI offers many industry-trusted technical publications, standards documents, design aids, reference materials and educational opportunities. CRSI Industry members include manufacturers, fabricators, material suppliers and placers of steel reinforcing bars and related products. Our Professional members are involved in the research, design, and construction of steel reinforced concrete. CRSI also has a broad Region Manager network that supports both members and industry professionals and creates awareness among the design/construction community through outreach activities. Together, they form a complete network of industry information and support. Design Guide for Voided Concrete Slabs – Addendum Overview This addendum contains revised content to the first edition of this Design Guide. In particular, the following items are new or have been updated (denoted in bold text on the Contents page): 1. New information and design aids on vibration analysis in Section 3.6.3. 2. Updated information on fire resistance in Section 3.7. 3. The example in Section 3.9 has been updated to the provisions of ACI 318-14, and now includes headed shear stud design. 4. Updated information on concrete placement in Section 4.1. 5. Updated specifications in Section 5.2. 6. New feature projects in Chapter 6. Publicaton No: 10-DG-VOIDED-ADDENDEM Copyright © 2019 By Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute Design Guide First Edition Printed 2014 All rights reserved. This guide or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute i Design Guide for Voided Concrete Slabs – Addendum Contents Overview i Chapter 5 Design Tools 5-1 Chapter 3 Design Concepts and Requirements 3-1 5.1 RC Concept Voided Slab Module 5-1 5.2 Construction Documents 5-3 3.1 Meeting the Building Codes 3-1 5.2.1 Specifications 5-3 3.2 Steps of the Structural Design Procedure 3-1 5.2.2 General Notes 5-8 3.3 Parameters Used in Structural Analysis and Design 3-2 5.2.3 Construction Drawings 5-8 3.3.1 Stiffness Modification 3-2 5.2.4 Field Placement Guidelines 5-8 3.3.2 Flexural Strength 3-2 5.2.5 Placement/Shop Drawings 5-9 3.3.3 Shear Capacity 3-2 3.3.4 Punching Shear 3-3 Chapter 6 3.4 The Impact of Self-weight Reduction 3-3 Featured Projects 6-1 3.5 Examples of Slab Weight Reduction Influenced 3-4 by the Void Former Parameters 6.1 Jorge M. Pérez Art Museum of Miami – 6-1 3.6 Structural Engineering Design Considerations 3-5 Dade County 3.6.1 Diaphragm Performance 3-5 6.2 Teaching and Learning Building, 6-1 Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 3.6.2 Horizontal Construction Joints 3-5 3.6.3 Serviceability Checks 3-6 6.3 Neuroscience Engineering Collaboration 6-2 3.6.4 Analytical Models 3-7 Building, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 3.6.5 Reinforcement Requirements 3-7 6.4 Roy and Diana Vagelos Education Center, 6-4 3.7 Fire Resistance 3-7 Columbia University Medical Center, 3.8 Sound Insulation 3-9 New York, New York 3.9 Design Example 3-10 6.5 Visual Arts Building, University of Iowa, 6-6 Iowa City, Iowa Chapter 4 Construction Considerations 4-1 6.6 Reach Expansion, John F. Kennedy Center 6-8 for the Performing Arts, Washington, DC 4.1 Concrete Placement 4-1 6.7 Schneck Professional Building, 6-9 4.2 Horizontal Construction Joints 4-1 Seymour, Indiana 4.3 Inter-Panel Joints for the Semi-Precast 4-1 Components 4.4 Reinforcing Bar Placement 4-1 4.5 Installation of Embedded Items 4-2 4.6 Drilling into the Plastic Void Formers 4-2 4.7 Attachment to Slabs with Post-Installed Anchors 4-2 4.8 Transportation and Handling of Void Formers and 4-3 Precast Panels 4.9 Time to Completion 4-3 Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute ii Design Guide for Voided Concrete Slabs – Addendum CHAPTER 3 Design Concepts and Requirements 3.1 Meeting the Building Codes sumptions should be made to determine the input similar to Reinforced concrete slabs constructed with the modern the design of a solid flat slab floor system. This should include: voided slab systems meet many of the prescriptive require- • Geometry of slab (thickness, horizontal contours with ments and intents of the International Building Code (IBC) supports and openings).2 model building code (IBC 2012). Concrete slabs containing • Load conditions. sacrificial void formers designed for the strength and service- • Material parameters for reinforcing and concrete (unit ability provisions of ACI 318 will meet or exceed building code weights, modulus of elasticity, strength, concrete cover requirements. The leave-in void formers in use today behave over the reinforcing, long-term deflection modifiers). much the same way as hollow-clay tiles or other insert materi- als (e.g., polystyrene) that have been successfully used for • Design criteria (deflections, stress or force limits). a century in the construction of voided concrete floor slabs. B. Establish adjustment factors specific to the voided slab Furthermore, air-filled cavities are present in other concrete system. systems, including but not limited to precast hollow core The following design parameters are typically adjusted as planks and the box-shaped cross sections of bridge girders. As straightforward scalar multipliers that compare the voided with any unique system, design, detailing, and construction of system to the characteristics of solid slabs: voided slab systems have system-specific requirements. • Stiffness correction factor (for practical reasons, in The assessment of code compliance is the purview of the lieu of altering the moment of inertia, E, the modulus regulatory agency official having jurisdiction over the project. of elasticity, is modified). Should the building official require, there is an “alternate • Dead load reduction. means of compliance” provision in Section 104.11 of the IBC1. Manufacturers of void formers are typically able to furnish • Shear capacity. testing data to substantiate key parameters used in the struc- C. Creation of negative dead load pattern. tural design calculations, such as reduction in shear capacity The weight of voided slab systems is reduced compared to and stiffness. Most of the testing data available to date is a solid slab in those areas where the void formers will be from reputable European testing laboratories. Some of these present. An initial estimate of average dead load reduction results are quoted here for reference. Applicability of any such (typically on the order of 25-30%) is adopted and assumed data is to be determined by the responsible design profes- to act uniformly (“smeared”) throughout the entire floor sional of the specific project. plate. To facilitate the computations, it is practical to repre- It is noted that various countries (e.g., Germany, United sent this reduced self-weight as an additional load pattern Kingdom, Netherlands, Denmark) with longer track records applied over the entire area as negative surface load (acting of voided slab applications have formally recognized these upward). Where the designer can define more precisely the systems. In certain cases it has been incorporated explicitly in floor regions where voiding is planned, the reduced self- their codes, standards, or related documents. weight can be represented in the same manner in those areas only. In this case, the reduced slab weight can be 3.2 Steps of the Structural Design Procedure more closely approximated. The design of voided slabs can be accomplished using gener- D. Perform initial analysis. al-purpose analysis programs incorporating the Finite Element Analysis should be conducted considering various code Method (FEM). While not readily available in the U.S. at the requirements for load patterns and combinations incorporat- writing of this Guide, some structural engineering software ing the above listed negative dead load. Most often, the slab producers are now incorporating design modules specific to design is governed by deflection criteria, including long- voided slab components tied to void former catalog informa- term deformations, which the software tools may or may tion. The following steps describe the iterative design process not directly account for. The design slab thickness might be applicable for all codes and software. repeatedly revised to meet the deflection limits, or strength A. Defining the computational model and parameters. that can be provided with reasonable reinforcement. Simi- larly to conventional slabs, analytical methods should be Upon selection of the computational tool, initial design as- used to predict the extent of cracking of the slabs due to shrinkage and temperature volume changes. 1 IBC allows confirming code compliance via evaluation reports. At present, none of the voided slab manufacturers in the U.S. have such reports from evaluation agen- cies (e.g., ICC-ES, IAPMO-ES, etc.) or other entities accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) or the International Accreditation Service 2 Because the average dead load reduction is about 25 to 30 percent, an initial (IAS) under ISO/IEC Guide 65, General Requirements for Bodies Operating estimate of the overall slab thickness can be taken as Cn/36 where Cn is the clear Product Certification Systems. span length. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute 3-1 Design Guide for Voided Concrete Slabs – Addendum E. Shear analysis to establish solid zones.
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