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Estudio Y Registro De Los Asentamientos Coloniales Y Republicanos En El Departamento De Jalapa

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Estudio Y Registro De Los Asentamientos Coloniales Y Republicanos En El Departamento De Jalapa Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Dirección General de Investigación Programa Universitario de Investigación En Cultura, pensamiento e identidad de la sociedad guatemalteca INFORME FINAL ESTUDIO Y REGISTRO DE LOS ASENTAMIENTOS COLONIALES Y REPUBLICANOS EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE JALAPA. Equipo de Investigación Ma. Christopher Martínez (Coordinador) Lic. Mynor Silvestre (Investigador) Guatemala 8 Marzo de 2018 DISO CUNSURORI Departamento de Centro Universitario de Sur Oriente Investigación de Sur Oriente M.Sc. Gerardo Arroyo Catalán Director General de Investigación Ing. Agr. MARN Julio Rufino Salazar Coordinador General de Programas Dr. José Cal Coordinador del Programa de Investigación Ma. Christopher S. Martínez Donado [email protected] Coordinador del proyecto. Mynor Silvestre Auxiliar de Investigación Partida Presupuestaria 4.8.35.02/2017 Año de ejecución: 2017 INDICE INDICE ....................................................................................................................................................... 0 Capítulo 1: Marco Teórico y Estado del Arte .............................................................................................. 6 Capítulo 2: Materiales y Métodos ............................................................................................................... 8 Jalapa......................................................................................................................................................18 San Pedro Pinula ....................................................................................................................................23 Monjas....................................................................................................................................................28 Arquitectos que trabajaron en el Interior de Guatemala..........................................................................33 Estilos Arquitectónicos...........................................................................................................................35 Capítulo 3: Resultados .............................................................................................................................. 41 Capítulo 4: Análisis y discusión de resultados .......................................................................................... 44 Catálogo de Inmuebles seleccionados ....................................................................................................44 Municipio de Jalapa............................................................................................................................47 Municipio de San Pedro Pinula ........................................................................................................103 Municipio de Monjas........................................................................................................................118 Capítulo VI .............................................................................................................................................. 125 Transformación del espacio urbano y pérdida de patrimonio. ..............................................................125 Capítulo 5: Conclusiones......................................................................................................................... 132 Referencias .............................................................................................................................................. 134 Apéndices ................................................................................................................................................ 138 Actividades de Gestión, vinculación y divulgación. ................................................................................. 138 0 Estudio y registro de los asentamientos coloniales y Republicanos en el departamento de Jalapa. Resumen Los trabajos de campo y de investigación de gabinete permitieron aumentar el conocimiento sobre los primeros asentamientos españoles que se dieron en el área de oriente de Guatemala, especialmente en el departamento de Jalapa, siendo de principal interés la traza urbana y la arquitectura que pudiese subsistir de los periodos coloniales y republicanos, esto debido a que cada región del País tuvo en su arquitectura ciertas características que las hacen sobre[DJC1]salir. Siendo que en Guatemala trabajos similares solo fueron llevados a cabo en Antigua Guatemala, por Verle Annis, se hizo primordial rescatar la poca información que queda en estas regiones, por medio de levantamientos topográficos, fotográficos y registro de las fachadas de las viviendas y edificios públicos y religiosos que aún persisten. Los resultados fueron desoladores al observar el nivel de falta de interés en preservar los inmuebles históricos y el abandono en que se tienen algunos edificios estatales, dejando constancia del estado actual de dichos inmuebles y colocando los datos históricos de las diversas edificaciones que se pudieron ubicar. Palabras clave: arquitectura, trazo urbano, Felipe II, desarrollo, historia Fieldwork and cabinet research allowed to increase knowledge about the first Spanish settlements patterns that occurred in the eastern area of Guatemala, especially in the department of Jalapa, the main interest was the urban trace and architecture that could survive from the colonial and republican periods, this because each region of the Country had in its architecture certain characteristics that make them uniqueS. Since in Guatemala similar works were carried out in Antigua Guatemala by Verle Annis, it was essential to rescue the little information that remains in these regions, helped by topographic, photographic surveys and registration of the facades of the houses and public buildings and religious that still persist. The results were devastating to observe the lack of interest in preserving historic buildings and the abandonment of some state buildings, leaving a recording of the current state of these properties and placing the historical data of the various buildings that could be located. Key words: Architecture, Urban trace, Felipe II, development, History 1 INTRODUCCIÓN Guatemala es un país que posee creaciones artísticas invaluables, muchas de ellas consideradas patrimonio cultural tanto mueble como inmueble, el cual se va perdiendo con el pasar del tiempo en algunos casos por desconocimiento y en otros por intervenciones dedicadas a nuevas construcciones o a la modernidad[DJC2]. Es por ello que se vienen dando en el país cierto intentos por conservar nuestra historia por medio de diversos proyectos en todo el interior. Un ejemplo de esto lo representa el Proyecto Atlas Jalapa, que con dos años de investigaciones ha logrado catalogar varios sitios arqueológicos tanto de la época prehispánica como colonial (Martínez C. S., 2015). Y ante los resultados obtenidos se ha podido evidenciar que no existe un sentimiento de pertenencia hacia los monumentos históricos del departamento. A pesar de ello los esfuerzos por divulgar los estudios han dado frutos y poco a poco las nuevas generaciones han visto la utilidad de proteger los edificios y sitios Patrimoniales, buscando en ellos una explicación sobre su historia que no les es contada. Existen algunos documentos en el Archivo General de Centroamérica donde relata la división de tierras y en algunos casos los caminos reales que comunicaban las antiguas villas y asentamientos coloniales (Vázquez, 1938), fundados por los colonizadores sin embargo a parte de las crónicas de los obispos y misioneros no existe un trabajo completo sobre el área de investigación. Es por ello que emulando el trabajo que realizase Verle Annis (1968) sobre la Arquitectura de la Antigua Guatemala, la presente propuesta busca dejar un registro grafico de los edificios coloniales y republicanos que existen en los municipios de Jalapa, San Pedro Pinula y Monjas, como una primera aproximación a sabiendas que el trabajo es bastante amplio y que por ello no se proyecta a todo el departamento. Buscando antecedentes sobre las posibles influencias que pudieron poseer los Maestros canteros, se hace necesario revisar las bases de la arquitectura, volviendo a la época en mención cuando los manuscritos de Sebastian Serlio, Pietro Cataneo y sus cuatro libros de arquitectura (Brend & Thoenes, 2011) influyeron a los primeros constructores, dichos manuscritos se elaboraron con placas y es probable que sean los primeros documentos de esta clase que llegaron a América y que de cierto punto inspiraron la Real Ordenanza de Felipe II, en cuanto a los parámetros que debían cumplir los asentamientos humanos para ser fundados y constituidos en villas y posteriormente en ciudades (Wyrobisz, 1980). 2 Guatemala no fue la excepción y muchos de los documentos utilizados para la construcción de viviendas particulares, complejos conventuales, edificios públicos, infraestructura y construcciones militares fueron remitidos a la Corona Española. (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 2002) Estos representan una riqueza incalculable que permite comprender el que[DJC3]hacer de la construcción durante los siglos XVI al XIX (Bonet, 1978) Para Guatemala el expositor más notable en cuanto a la construcción de edificios ya sean particulares, eclesiásticos y militares sobresale la familia Porres (Luján, 1977) a quienes se les ha atribuido la construcción de los principales edificios de la ciudad de Santiago de Guatemala, de igual manera Fr. Francisco Vázquez considera que las
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