DOCSLIB.ORG

6.4 Climate Change Impacts on Habitats 124 6.4.1 Introduction 124

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
6.4 Climate Change Impacts on Habitats 124 6.4.1 Introduction 124 Environmental RTDI Programme 2000–2006 CLIMATE CHANGE Scenarios & Impacts for Ireland (2000-LS-5.2.1-M1) Final Report Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency by Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, Maynooth Authors: John Sweeney, Tony Brereton, Clare Byrne, Rosemary Charlton, Chris Emblow, Rowan Fealy, Nicholas Holden, Mike Jones, Alison Donnelly, Sonja Moore, Patrick Purser, Ken Byrne, Edward Farrell, Eleanor Mayes, Dan Minchin, Jim Wilson and John Wilson ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil PO Box 3000, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland Telephone: +353-53-60600 Fax: +353-53-60699 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.epa.ie © Environmental Protection Agency 2003 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report has been prepared as part of the Environmental Research Technological Development and Innovation Programme under the Productive Sector Operational Programme 2000-2006. The programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2000-2006. It is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Local Government by the Environmental Protection Agency which has the statutory function of co-ordinating and promoting environmental research. DISCLAIMER Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Neither the Environmental Protection Agency nor the author(s) accept any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned or claimed to have been occasioned, in part or in full, as a consequence of any person acting, or refraining from acting, as a result of a matter contained in this publication. All or part of this publication may be reproduced without further permission, provided the source is acknowledged. ENVIRONMENTAL RTDI PROGRAMME 2000–2006 Published by the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER ISBN:1-84095-115-X Price: õ20 06/03/500 ii Details of Project Partners Dr John Sweeney Dr Rowan Fealy Department of Geography Department of Geography National University of Ireland, Maynooth National University of Ireland, Maynooth Maynooth Maynooth Co. Kildare Co. Kildare Ireland Ireland E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Nicholas M. Holden Dr. Anthony J. Brereton Department of Agricultural & Food Engineering Department of Agricultural & Food Engineering University College Dublin University College Dublin Earlsfort Terrace Earlsfort Terrace Dublin 2 Dublin 2 Ireland Ireland E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dr Rosemary A. Charlton Ms Sonja Moore Department of Geography Department of Geography National University of Ireland, Maynooth National University of Ireland, Maynooth Maynooth Maynooth Co. Kildare Co. Kildare Ireland Ireland E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Mr Patrick M. Purser Dr Kenneth A. Byrne Purser Tarleton Russell Forest Ecosystem Research Group Forest Industry Consultancy, Management & Research Department of Environmental Resource Management 36 Fitzwilliam Square University College Dublin 2 Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland Ireland E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Edward P. Farrell Dr Clare Byrne Forest Ecosystem Research Group Department of Botany Department of Environmental Resource Management Trinity College Dublin University College Dublin 2 Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland Ireland E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Professor Michael Jones Dr Alison Donnelly Department of Botany Department of Botany Trinity College Dublin Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Dublin 2 Ireland Ireland E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] iii John Wilson Chris Emblow Dúchas The Heritage Service Ecological Consultancy Services Limited 7 Ely Place Unit B19, KCR Industrial Estate Dublin 2 Kimmage, Dublin 12 Ireland Ireland E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dan Minchin Eleanor Mayes Marine Organism Investigations Ecological Consultant 3, Marina Village Wicklow Ballina, Killaloe Ireland Co Clare. Ireland E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Jim Wilson Department of Zoology Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland E-mail: [email protected] iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements ii Disclaimer ii Details of Project Partners iii Executive Summary xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Climate Change: the International Background 1 1.2 Climate Change as the Climate Norm 3 1.3 Approaches to Assessing Climate Change Impacts in Ireland 3 References 3 2 Establishing Reference Climate Scenarios 5 2.1 Global Climate Models 5 2.2 Downscaling of Global Climate Models 6 2.3 Derivation of the Baseline Climatology 8 2.4 Generating Downscaled Scenarios 13 2.5 Climate Scenarios for Ireland 2055 and 2075 26 2.6 Scenario Data for Impact Assessment 31 Acknowledgements 31 References 32 3 The Impact of Climate Change on Irish Agriculture 33 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 The Changing Agro–Climatology of Ireland 34 3.3 Background to Crop Production Simulations 45 3.3.1 Crop selection 45 3.3.2 The crop simulation models 45 3.3.3 The soil sub-model (DSSAT) 49 3.3.4 Daily weather data generation 50 3.3.5 Model operation: starting conditions and crop management 54 3.3.6 Baseline crop production data for model evaluation 55 3.4 Baseline and Future Crop Yields in Ireland 57 v 3.5 The Effect of Soil Type on Crop Yield with Climate Change 70 3.6 Discussion on the Implications of Change in Yield of Irish Crops 75 3.7 Conclusions 77 References 78 4 The Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Ireland 81 4.1 Introduction 81 4.1.1 Water resources in Ireland 81 4.1.2 Observed linkages between climate change and water resources 82 4.1.3 Predicting runoff under future climate change scenarios 82 4.1.4 Research outline 83 4.2 Hydrological Simulation 84 4.2.1 The HYSIM model 84 4.2.2 Data requirements and model outputs 85 4.3 HYSIM Parameterisation 85 4.3.1 Soil parameters 85 4.3.2 Land use and vegetation 85 4.3.3 Groundwater 87 4.3.4 Channel hydraulics 87 4.4 Input for Rainfall and Evaporation 88 4.5 Model Validation 88 4.5.1 Selection of catchments for validation 88 4.5.2 Results of HYSIM validation 89 4.6 Predicted Changes in Hydrology and Water Resources 90 4.6.1 Baseline simulation 90 4.6.2 Changes in runoff for 2041–2070 91 4.6.3 Changes in runoff for 2061–2090 93 4.6.4 Changes in storage 94 4.7 Implications of Climate Change for Future Water Supply and Water Resource Management 95 4.7.1 Water supply and water resource management 95 4.7.2 Water quality 96 4.7.3 Flood management 97 4.8 Conclusions 98 References 98 Appendix 4.1. HYSIM Parameters 100 vi 5 The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Irish Forestry 103 5.1 Introduction 103 5.2 Modelling Forest Growth 104 5.2.1 Static models 104 5.2.2 Dynamic models 105 5.2.3 Process-based models 105 5.3 Potential Primary Effects 105 5.3.1 Increased CO2 levels 105 5.3.2 Increased temperatures 106 5.3.3 Increased frequency of storms 108 5.3.4 Decreased rainfall 108 5.4 Potential Secondary Effects 108 5.4.1 Increased nutrient mineralisation 108 5.4.2 Forest pests and diseases 110 5.5 Interaction of Different Effects 111 5.6 Forest Management and Policy Implications 113 5.6.1 Species and provenance selection 113 5.6.2 Forest locations 115 5.6.3 Forest establishment and management 115 5.6.4 Harvesting and transport 115 5.6.5 Silvicultural systems 116 5.6.6 Forest protection and health 116 5.6.7 Carbon sequestration 117 5.6.8 Research and development 117 5.7 Concluding Remarks 118 References 118 6 Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Ireland 121 6.1 Introduction 121 6.2 Climate Change Impacts 121 6.3 Climate Change Impacts on Species 122 6.3.1 Introduction 122 6.3.2 Some projected distribution changes of Irish species 122 6.3.3 Some projected developmental and behavioural changes of species 123 6.4 Climate Change Impacts on Habitats 124 6.4.1 Introduction 124 vii 6.4.2 Coastal habitats 125 6.4.3 Semi-natural grasslands 126 6.4.4 Heaths and scrub 127 6.4.5 Peatlands 127 6.4.6 Rocky habitats and caves 128 6.4.7 Native woodlands 129 6.4.8 Freshwater habitats 129 6.5 Vulnerability of Key Species and Habitats 129 6.5.1 Introduction 129 6.5.2 Species and habitat selection 130 6.5.3 Climate zones 130 6.5.4 Changes in climate zone areas 130 6.5.5 Changes in location of climate zones 130 6.5.6 Species and habitat vulnerability 132 6.6 Conclusions 132 Acknowledgements 138 References 138 7 Climate Change and the Irish Marine Environment 141 7.0 Introduction 141 7.1 Scope of the Project 141 7.2 Implications for Marine Biodiversity 141 7.2.1 Biogeography 141 7.2.2 Marine birds 150 7.2.3 Exotic species 157 7.3 Implications for Fisheries and Aquaculture 170 7.3.1 Fisheries and seaweed harvesting 170 7.3.2 Seaweed harvesting 171 7.3.3 Aquaculture 174 7.4 Recommendations and Conclusions 177 7.4.1 Implications for marine biodiversity 177 7.4.2 Implications for fisheries and aquaculture 180 References 180 8 The Impacts of Climate Change on Sea Level and the Irish Coast 189 8.1 Introduction 189 8.2 Sea Level Fluctuations 189 viii 8.3 The Coastal Zone and Population Distributions 192 8.3.1 Physical characteristics 193 8.4 Dynamic Controls on the Coast 196 8.4.1 Waves 196 8.4.2 Tides 196 8.4.3 Surges 198 8.5 Mean Sea Level 198 8.6 Factors that Contribute to Mean Sea Level 201 8.6.1 Thermal expansion of the oceans 201 8.6.2 Contribution of small glaciers (excluding Greenland and Antarctica) 201 8.6.3 Contribution of ice sheets (Greenland and Antarctica) 201 8.7 Projected Sea Level Rise 202 8.8 Evidence for Climate Change 204 8.9 Implications for Ireland 206 8.9.1 Coastal erosion 207 8.9.2 Coastal inundation – areas at risk 211 8.10 A Case Study Using LiDAR Data 215 8.11 Conclusions 218 8.12 Further Research 220 Acknowledgements 220 References 220 9 Conclusions 223 9.1 Introduction 223 9.2 The Observational Evidence and Future Climate Scenarios 223 9.3 Sectoral Impacts 224 9.3.1 Agriculture 224 9.3.2 Water resources 224 9.3.3 Forestry 225 9.3.4 Biodiversity 226 9.3.5 Marine environment 227 9.3.6 Sea-level rise 227 9.4 Policy Implications 228 9.4.1 The international arena 228 9.4.2 The domestic arena 228 References 229 ix Executive Summary International Context recent years.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 451Research- a Highly Attractive Location
    IRELAND A Highly Attractive Location for Hosting Digital Assets 360° Research Report SPECIAL REPORT OCTOBER 2013 451 RESEARCH: SPECIAL REPORT © 2013 451 RESEARCH, LLC AND/OR ITS AFFILIATES. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ABOUT 451 RESEARCH 451 Research is a leading global analyst and data company focused on the business of enterprise IT innovation. Clients of the company — at end-user, service-provider, vendor and investor organizations — rely on 451 Research’s insight through a range of syndicated research and advisory services to support both strategic and tactical decision-making. ABOUT 451 ADVISORS 451 Advisors provides consulting services to enterprises, service providers and IT vendors, enabling them to successfully navigate the Digital Infrastructure evolution. There is a global sea change under way in IT. Digital infrastructure – the totality of datacenter facilities, IT assets, and service providers employed by enterprises to deliver business value – is being transformed. IT demand is skyrocketing, while tolerance for inefficiency is plummeting. Traditional lines between facilities and IT are blurring. The edge-to-core landscape is simultaneously erupting and being reshaped. Enterprises of all sizes need to adapt to remain competitive – and even to survive. Third-party service providers are playing an increasingly flexible and vital role, enabled by advancements in technology and the evolution of business models. IT vendors and service providers need to understand this changing landscape to remain relevant and capitalize on new opportunities. 451 Advisors addresses the gap between traditional research and management consulting through unique methodologies, proprietary tools, and a complementary base of independent analyst insight and data-driven market intelligence. 451 Research leverages a team of seasoned consulting professionals with the expertise and experience to address the strategic, planning and research challenges associated with the Digital Infrastructure evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • A Life Cycle Assessment Approach on Swedish and Irish Beef Production
    Life Cycle Analysis – HT161 December 2016 A life cycle assessment approach on Swedish and Irish beef production Group 1 - Emma Lidell, Elvira Molin, Arash Sajadi & Emily Theokritoff 0 AG2800 Life cycle assessment Lidell, Molin, Sajadi, Theokritoff Summary This life CyCle assessment has been ConduCted to identify and Compare the environmental impacts arising from the Swedish and Irish beef produCtion systems. It is a Cradle to gate study with the funCtional unit of 1 kg of dressed weight. Several proCesses suCh as the slaughterhouse and retail in both Ireland and Sweden have been excluded since they are similar and CanCel each other out. The focus of the study has been on feed, farming and transportation during the beef production. Since this is an attributional LCA, data ColleCtion mainly Consists of average data from different online sources. Smaller differenCes in the Composition of feed were found for the two systems while a major difference between the two production systems is the lifespan of the Cattle. Based on studied literature, the average lifespan for Cattle in Sweden is 45 months while the Irish Cattle lifespan is 18 months. The impaCt Categories that have been assessed are: Climate Change, eutrophiCation, acidifiCation, land oCcupation and land transformation. In all the assessed impact categories, the Swedish beef produCtion system has a higher environmental impact than the Irish beef produCtion system, mainly due to the higher lifespan of the cattle. AcidifiCation, whiCh is the most signifiCant impact Category when analising the normalised results, differs greatly between the two systems. The Swedish beef system emits almost double the amount (1.3 kg) of SO2 Eq for 1 kg of dressed weight Compared to the Irish beef system (0.7 kg SO2 Eq/FU).
    [Show full text]
  • UCC Library and UCC Researchers Have Made This Item Openly Available
    UCC Library and UCC researchers have made this item openly available. Please let us know how this has helped you. Thanks! Title The historic record of cold spells in Ireland Author(s) Hickey, Kieran R. Publication date 2011 Original citation HICKEY, K. 2011. The historic record of cold spells in Ireland. Irish Geography, 44, 303-321. Type of publication Article (peer-reviewed) Link to publisher's http://irishgeography.ie/index.php/irishgeography/article/view/48 version http://dx.doi.org/10.2014/igj.v44i2.48 Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © 2011 Geographical Society of Ireland http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Item downloaded http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2526 from Downloaded on 2021-10-04T01:15:21Z Irish Geography Vol. 44, Nos. 2Á3, JulyÁNovember 2011, 303Á321 The historic record of cold spells in Ireland Kieran Hickey* Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, Galway This paper assesses the long historical climatological record of cold spells in Ireland stretching back to the 1st millennium BC. Over this time period cold spells in Ireland can be linked to solar output variations and volcanic activity both in Iceland and elsewhere. This provides a context for an exploration of the two most recent cold spells which affected Ireland in 2009Á2010 and in late 2010 and were the two worst weather disasters in recent Irish history. These latter events are examined in this context and the role of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and declining Arctic sea-ice levels are also considered. These recent events with detailed instrumental temperature records also enable a re-evaluation of the historic records of cold spells in Ireland.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Climate Futures: Data for Decision-Making Report No
    EPA Research Report 277 Irish Climate Futures: Data for Decision-making Report No. 277 Authors: Conor Murphy, Claran Broderick, Tom K.R. Matthews, Simon Noone and Ciara Ryan Irish Climate Futures: Data for Decision-making Identified Pressures Authors: Conor Murphy, Ciaran Broderick, Tom K.R. Matthews, The realisation of a climate-resilient Ireland over the coming decades depends on decisions taken at all scales to adapt to climate change. Good decisions depend on the type and quality of information used Simon Noone and Ciara Ryan to inform planning. Building resilience requires the diversification of the types of information used to understand past and future climate variability and change, and improved insight into the plausible range of changing conditions that will need to be addressed. Informed Policy The need to adapt to climate change means that there is a demand from a variety of different users and sectors for actionable climate information. For instance, in the Irish context, guidance is provided for sectors and local authorities in developing and implementing adaptation plans. In particular, climate information is required to (1) assess the current adaptation baseline, which involves identifying extremes in the historical record and examining the vulnerabilities and impacts of these; (2) assess future climate risks; and (3) identify, assess and prioritise adaptation options. A key challenge to undertaking these tasks is identifying the kinds of climate data that are required for the development and implementation of adaptation planning. This challenge is explored and aspects are addressed as part of this research. Outputs from this work have been used to inform the Citizen’s Assembly deliberations on climate change, the National Adaptation Framework and the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Climate Action.
    [Show full text]
  • Site Synopsis
    SITE SYNOPSIS SITE NAME: SLANEY RIVER VALLEY SITE CODE: 000781 This site comprises the freshwater stretches of the Slaney as far as the Wicklow Mountains; a number of tributaries the larger of which include the Bann, Boro, Glasha, Clody, Derry, Derreen, Douglas and Carrigower Rivers; the estuary at Ferrycarrig and Wexford Harbour. The site flows through the counties of Wicklow, Wexford and Carlow. Towns along the site but not in it are Baltinglass, Hacketstown, Tinahely, Tullow, Bunclody, Camolin, Enniscorthy and Wexford. The river is up to 100 m wide in places and is tidal at the southern end from Edermine Bridge below Enniscorthy. In the upper and central regions almost as far as the confluence with the Derry River the geology consists of granite. Above Kilcarry Bridge, the Slaney has cut a gorge into the granite plain. The Derry and Bann Rivers are bounded by a narrow line of uplands which corresponds to schist outcrops. Where these tributaries cut through this belt of hard rocks they have carved deep gorges, more than two miles long at Tinahely and Shillelagh. South of Kildavin the Slaney flows through an area of Ordovician slates and grits. The site is a candidate SAC selected for alluvial wet woodlands, a priority habitat on Annex I of the E.U. Habitats Directive. The site is also selected as a candidate SAC for floating river vegetation, estuaries, tidal mudflats and old oak woodlands, all habitats listed on Annex I of the E.U. Habitats Directive. The site is further selected for the following species listed on Annex II of the same directive - Sea Lamprey, River Lamprey, Brook Lamprey, Freshwater Pearl Mussel, Twaite Shad, Atlantic Salmon and Otter.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Annual Report
    FISHERIES ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MINISTER FOR TOURISM, FISHERIES AND FORESTRY FOR 1984 ERRATA Page 12 Paragraph 4, line 1 — “The Minister for Fisheries and Forestry gratefully acknowledges” should read “The Minister for Tourism, Fisheries and Forestry gratefully acknowledges”. Page 36 Paragraph 1, lines 5,6 — “Overall fish densities were low and ranged from 0.1 per m2” should read “Overall fish densities were low and ranged from 0.1 per m2 to 0.5 per m2”. FISHERIES REPORT FOR 1984 AN ROINN TURASOIREACHTA, IASCAIGH AGUS FORAOISEACHTA (Department of Tourism, Fisheries and Forestry) DUBLIN PUBLISHED BY THE STATIONERY OFFICE To be purchased through any Bookseller, or directly from the GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS SALE OFFICE. SUN ALLIANCE HOUSE. MOLESWORTH STREET. DUBLIN 2. Price: IR£3.35 (PI. 3783) (ISSN 0790-584X) CONTENTS Paragraph title Page An Bord lascaigh Mhara 11 Aquaculture 11, 18 Arterial Drainage 24,37 Artificial Propagation 27 Bursaries 19,37 Catches of Salmon, Sea Trout and Eels 23 Demersal Fishery 7, 15 Eel Fishing Development 28 Employment in the Inland Fisheries Industry 26 Engineering 19,37 Environmental Studies 35 European Economic Community 12 Exports 11, 27 Fish Culture Installations 39 Fisheries Boards-Central and Regional 25 Fisheries Protection and Conservation 24 Fishery Harbour Works 19 Fish Pathology Unit 19, 32/33 Foreign Research Vessel Cruises 19 Foyle Fisheries Commission 40 Grant Aided Research Projects 37 Imports 26 Instruments of Capture 26 International and Other Conferences 20,42 International Salmon Convention 25 Investigation of Inland Fish Movements 38 Landings of Seafish 7 Legislation ... 22, 43 Management of State Fisheries 29 Marine Pollution 18 Pelagic Fishery 8, 14 Personnel and Vessels 11 Rainbow Trout Farming 36.39 Research and Development 14.
    [Show full text]
  • Sabatino-Etal-NH2016-Modelling
    Nat Hazards DOI 10.1007/s11069-016-2506-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Modelling sea level surges in the Firth of Clyde, a fjordic embayment in south-west Scotland 1 2 Alessandro D. Sabatino • Rory B. O’Hara Murray • 3 1 1 Alan Hills • Douglas C. Speirs • Michael R. Heath Received: 14 January 2016 / Accepted: 24 July 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Storm surges are an abnormal enhancement of the water level in response to weather perturbations. They have the capacity to cause damaging flooding of coastal regions, especially when they coincide with astronomical high spring tides. Some areas of the UK have suffered particularly damaging surge events, and the Firth of Clyde is a region with high risk due to its location and morphology. Here, we use a three-dimensional high spatial resolution hydrodynamic model to simulate the local bathymetric and morpho- logical enhancement of surge in the Clyde, and disaggregate the effects of far-field atmospheric pressure distribution and local scale wind forcing of surges. A climatological analysis, based on 30 years of data from Millport tide gauges, is also discussed. The results suggest that floods are not only caused by extreme surge events, but also by the coupling of spring high tides with moderate surges. Water level is also enhanced by a funnelling effect due to the bathymetry and the morphology of fjordic sealochs and the River Clyde Estuary. In a world of rising sea level, studying the propagation and the climatology of surges and high water events is fundamental.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change in Ireland
    Climate change in Ireland- recent trends in temperature and precipitation Laura McElwain and John Sweeney Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, Maynooth ABSTRACT This paper presents an assessment of indicators of climate change in Ireland over the past century. Trends are examined in order to determine the magnitude and direction of ongoing climate change. Although detection of a trend is difficult due to the influence of the North Atlantic Ocean, it is concluded that Irish cli- mate is following similar trajectories to those predicted by global climate mod- els. Climatic variables investigated included the key temperature and precipita- tion data series from the Irish synoptic station network. Analysis of the Irish mean temperature records indicates an increase similar to global trends, particu- larly with reference to early-twentieth century wanning and, more importantly, rapid warming in the 1990s. Similarly, analysis of precipitation change support the findings of the United Kingdom Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIPS) with evidence of a trend towards winter increases in the north-west of the coun- try and summer decreases in the south-east. Secondary climate indicators such as frequency of 'hot' and 'cold' days were found to reveal more variable trends. Key index words: climate change, trends, precipitation, trajectories. Introduction An increase in global surface temperature of 0.6 + 0.2°C has occurred since the late- nineteenth century (IPCC, 2001). Most of this warming has occurred during two main periods: 1910-1945 and 1976 to the present. During the present episode of rapid wanning, temperatures have increased at a rate of 0.15°C per decade (Jones et al., 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Ireland Wales Full Report , File Type: PDF, File Size
    The Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes (Wales) Regulations 2004 Ireland-Wales Co-operation Programme 2014-2020 Strategic Environmental Assessment Welsh European Funding Office and the Southern & Mid-Eastern Regional Assembly ENVIRONMENT REPORT [v6] September 2014 December 2013 The Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes (Wales) Regulations 2004 Ireland-Wales Co-operation Programme 2014-2020 Strategic Environmental Assessment Welsh European Funding Office and the Southern & Mid-Eastern Regional Assembly Environment Report September 2014 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Purpose of the report 5 1.2 SEA requirements 7 1.3 Scope of the assessment 8 1.4 SEA process prior to the report 9 1.5 Relevant EU directives and standards 9 2 Methodology 11 3 Challenges 12 4 Environmental baseline and issues 13 4.1 Introduction 13 4.2 General description of the area 14 5 Terrestrial environment - Wales 15 5.1 Introduction 15 5.2 Biodiversity 17 5.3 Geology and soils 19 5.4 Landscape & Visual Amenity 21 5.5 Cultural assets 22 5.6 Air quality 23 5.7 Climate factors 24 5.8 Water - resource and quality 24 5.9 Flood risk 26 5.10 Energy generation and consumption 26 5.11 Waste management 28 5.12 Human health and wellbeing 28 5.13 Travel 30 6 Terrestrial environment - Ireland 32 6.1 Introduction 32 6.2 Biodiversity 33 2 6.3 Geology and soils 35 6.4 Landscape & Visual Amenity 36 6.5 Cultural assets 38 6.6 Air quality 39 6.7 Climate factors 40 6.8 Water - resource and quality 42 6.9 Flood risk 46 6.10 Material assets 47 6.11 Human health and wellbeing
    [Show full text]
  • Appropriate Assessment Screening & Natura Impact Statement for Marine
    Appropriate Assessment Screening & Natura Impact Statement for Marine Surveys Off the Co. Wexford Coastline October 2019 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Requirement for an Article 6 Assessment ............................................................................... 1 1.2. The Aim of this Report ............................................................................................................. 2 1.3. Consultation ............................................................................................................................. 2 2. Appropriate Assessment Process 3 2.1. Legislative Context .................................................................................................................. 3 2.2. Stages of AA ............................................................................................................................ 4 2.2.1. Stage 1. Screening for Appropriate Assessment ................................................................... 4 2.2.2. Stage 2. Appropriate Assessment (NIS) ................................................................................. 5 2.2.3. Stage 3. Alternative Solutions ............................................................................................... 5 2.2.4. Stage 4. Imperative Reasons of Overriding Public Interest (IROPI)/Derogation................... 6 3. Description of the Works 7 4. Description of the Receiving Environment 12 4.1. Annex I Habitats ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lot 1 Box of Irish Railway Interest Photographs Etc. Estimate
    Purcell Auctioneers - Specialist Auction Of Irish Interest Books with dedicated section for Irish Railwayana Literature & Ephemera - Starts 13 Mar 2019 Lot 1 Box of Irish Railway Interest Photographs etc. Estimate: 40 - 60 Fees: 20% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 23.69% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 2 Box of Irish Railway Interest Ephemera Estimate: 40 - 60 Fees: 20% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 23.69% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 3 Box of Irish Railway Interest Ephemera Estimate: 30 - 50 Fees: 20% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 23.69% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 4 Large Box of Mostly Non-Irish Railway Interest Books etc. Estimate: 20 - 40 Fees: 20% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 23.69% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 5 Two Boxes of CIE Interest Ephemera, Ledgers etc. Estimate: 60 - 100 Fees: 20% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 23.69% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 6 Irish Railwayana Scrap Book, tickets, correspondence, notices etc. Estimate: 50 - 100 Fees: 20% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 23.69% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 7 Irish Railwayana Scrap Book, tickets, correspondence, notices etc. Estimate: 50 - 100 Fees: 20% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 23.69% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 8 Irish Railwayana Scrap Book, County Donegal Railways, Northern Ireland Railways, Great Northern Railway Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Late-Glacial to Holocene Climate Variability in Western Ireland
    LATE-GLACIAL TO HOLOCENE CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN WESTERN IRELAND A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Aaron F. Diefendorf © Aaron F. Diefendorf, Spring 2005. All Rights Reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I, Aaron F. Diefendorf, agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by myself or Dr. William P. Patterson and in my absence and Dr. Pattersonʼs absence, by the Head of the Department of Geolgoical Sciences or the Dean of the College of Graduate Studies. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to myself and to the University of Saskatchewan in any use which may be made of any material in my thesis titled Late-Glacial to Holocene Climate Variability in Western Ireland. Requests for permission to copy or to make any use of material in this thesis in whole or part shall be addressed to Aaron F. Diefendorf or to: Head of the Department of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 Canada UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN College of Graduate Studies and Research ABSTRACT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the DEGREE OF MASTER of SCIENCE by Aaron F.
    [Show full text]