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Portrayals of the Moriori People
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. i Portrayals of the Moriori People Historical, Ethnographical, Anthropological and Popular sources, c. 1791- 1989 By Read Wheeler A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History, Massey University, 2016 ii Abstract Michael King’s 1989 book, Moriori: A People Rediscovered, still stands as the definitive work on the Moriori, the Native people of the Chatham Islands. King wrote, ‘Nobody in New Zealand – and few elsewhere in the world- has been subjected to group slander as intense and as damaging as that heaped upon the Moriori.’ Since its publication, historians have denigrated earlier works dealing with the Moriori, arguing that the way in which they portrayed Moriori was almost entirely unfavourable. This thesis tests this conclusion. It explores the perspectives of European visitors to the Chatham Islands from 1791 to 1989, when King published Moriori. It does this through an examination of newspapers, Native Land Court minutes, and the writings of missionaries, settlers, and ethnographers. The thesis asks whether or not historians have been selective in their approach to the sources, or if, perhaps, they have ignored the intricacies that may have informed the views of early observers. The thesis argues that during the nineteenth century both Maori and European perspectives influenced the way in which Moriori were portrayed in European narrative. -
Environmental Pest Plants
REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY © Crown Copyright 2010 145 Contract Report No. 2075 REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Adams, J. 1885: On the botany of Te Aroha Mountain. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 17: 275-281 Allaby, M. (ed) 1994: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. 415 pp. Allan, H. H. 1982: Flora of New Zealand. Vol 1. Government Printer, Wellington. Allen, D.J. 1983: Notes on the Kaimai-Mamaku Forest Park. New Zealand Forest Service, Tauranga (unpublished). 20 p. Allen R.B. and McLennan M.J. 1983, Indigenous forest survey manual: two inventory methods. Forest Research Institute Bulletin No. 48. 73 pp. Allen R.B. 1992: An inventory method for describing New Zealand vegetation. Forest Research Institute Bulletin No. 181. 25 pp. Anon 1975: Biological reserves and forest sanctuaries. What’s New in Forest Research 21. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua. 4 p. Anon 1982: Species list from Kopurererua Stream. New Zealand Wildlife Service National Habitat Register, May 1982. Bay of Plenty Habitat sheets, Folder 2, records room, Rotorua Conservancy. Anon 1983a: Reserve proposals. Northern Kaimai-Mamaku State Forest Park. Background notes for SFSRAC Meeting and Inspection, 1983. Tauranga. 12 pp. Anon 1983b: The inadequacy of the ecological reserves proposed for the Kaimai-Mamaku State Forest Park. Joint campaign on Native Forests, Nelson. 14 p. plus 3 references. Anon 1983c: Overwhelming support to save the Kaimai-Mamaku. Bush Telegraph 12: 1-2. Wellington. Anon 1989: Conservation values of natural areas on Tasman Forestry freehold and leasehold land. Unpublished report for Tasman Forestry Ltd, Department of Conservation and Royal Forest & Bird Protection Society. -
The Public Realm of Central Christchurch Narrative
THE PUBLIC REALM OF CENTRAL CHRISTCHURCH NARRATIVE Written by Debbie Tikao, Landscape Architect and General Manager of the Matapopore Charitable Trust. Kia atawhai ki te iwi – Care for the people Pita Te Hori, Upoko – Ngāi Tūāhuriri Rūnanga, 1861 The Public Realm of Central Christchurch Narrative 1 2 CERA Grand Narratives INTRODUCTION This historical narrative weaves together Ngāi Tahu cultural values, stories and traditional knowledge associated with Ōtautahi (Christchurch) and the highly mobile existence of hapū and whānau groups within the Canterbury area and the wider landscape of Te Waipounamu (South Island). The focus of this historical narrative therefore is on this mobile way of life and the depth of knowledge of the natural environment and natural phenomena that was needed to navigate the length and breadth of the diverse and extreme landscape of Te Waipounamu. The story that will unfold is not one of specific sites or specific areas, but rather a story of passage and the detailed cognitive maps that evolved over time through successive generations, which wove together spiritual, genealogical, historical and physical information that bound people to place and provided knowledge of landscape features, mahinga kai and resting places along the multitude of trails that established the basis for an economy based on trade and kinship. This knowledge system has been referred to in other places as an oral map or a memory map, which are both good descriptions; however, here it is referred to as a cognitive map in an attempt to capture the multiple layers of ordered and integrated information it contains. This historical narrative has been written to guide the design of the public realm of the Christchurch central business area, including the public spaces within the East and South frames. -
Huharua, Pukewhanake and Nga Kuri a Wharei
HUHARUA, PUKEWHANAKE, AND NGA KUru A WHAREI by Heather Bassett Richard Kay A research report commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal forWai 47 December 1996 238 J ~ TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Figures 3 "11 Introduction 4 The Claim 4 :l 1. Buharua 6 '''-.- 1.1 Introduction 6 ~ 1.2 Raupatu and the Creation of Reserves 6 1.3 Alienation of Maori Reserves 12 1.4 Control, Management and Access to Huharua 17 J 1.5 Summary 20 2. Pukewhanake 22 J 2.1 Location and People ofPukewhanake 22 2.2 Raupatu West of the Wairoa River 23 2.3 Lot 178 Parish ofTe Puna 26 :1 2.4 Control, Use and Management ofPukewhanake 27 2.5 Summary 31 :J 3. Nga Kuri a Wharei 33 3.1 Traditional Boundary: 'Mai Tikirau ki Nga Kuri a Wharei' 33 :1 3.2 Raupatu Boundary 35 3.3 Summary 37 ] Bibliography 39 Appendix One: Statement of Claim, Wai 47 41 :J :J .J J "1 L ~ 1 ! u , ' ,- .. 2 239 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Cultural Sites Around Tauranga Harbour (from Stokes, 1992, p 45) Figure 2: Fords from Plummers Point (from WI 35/161 Omokoroa - Te Puna, National Archives Wellington) Figure 3: Reserves in the Katikati Te Puna Purchase (from Stokes, 1990, p 192) Figure 4: Lot 210 Parish ofTe Puna (ML423A) Figure 5: Plummers Point 1886 (SO 5222) Figure 6: Lot 178 Parish ofTe Puna Today (SDIMap) Figure 7: Pa Sites on the Wairoa River 1864 (from Kahotea, 1996) Figure 8: Boundaries of the Katikati Te Puna Purchases (from Stokes, 1996) Figure 9: Plan of Native Reserves (ML 9760) Figure 10: Pukewhanake 1 October 1996 (Photos by author) Figure 11: Plan of the "Ngaiterangi" Purchase Deed (from Stokes, 1996) Figure 12: Plan of the Tawera Purchase Deed (from Stokes, 1996) Figure 13: Plan of the "Pirirakau" Purchase Deed (from Stokes, 1996) Figure 14: Boundaries of the Katikati Te Puna Purchases (from Stokes, 1996) Figure 15: Nga Kuri a Wharei and the Confiscation Line (from Stokes, Whanau a Tauwhao, p 19) 3 240 1. -
The Whare-Oohia: Traditional Maori Education for a Contemporary World
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. TE WHARE-OOHIA: TRADITIONAL MAAORI EDUCATION FOR A CONTEMPORARY WORLD A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Education at Massey University, Palmerston North, Aotearoa New Zealand Na Taiarahia Melbourne 2009 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS He Mihi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 The Research Question…………………………………….. 5 1.2 The Thesis Structure……………………………………….. 6 CHAPTER 2: HISTORY OF TRADITIONAL MAAORI EDUCATION 9 2.1 The Origins of Traditional Maaori Education…………….. 9 2.2 The Whare as an Educational Institute……………………. 10 2.3 Education as a Purposeful Engagement…………………… 13 2.4 Whakapapa (Genealogy) in Education…………………….. 14 CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW 16 3.1 Western Authors: Percy Smith;...……………………………………………… 16 Elsdon Best;..……………………………………………… 22 Bronwyn Elsmore; ……………………………………….. 24 3.2 Maaori Authors: Pei Te Hurinui Jones;..…………………………………….. 25 Samuel Robinson…………………………………………... 30 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCHING TRADITIONAL MAAORI EDUCATION 33 4.1 Cultural Safety…………………………………………….. 33 4.2 Maaori Research Frameworks…………………………….. 35 4.3 The Research Process……………………………………… 38 CHAPTER 5: KURA - AN ANCIENT SCHOOL OF MAAORI EDUCATION 42 5.1 The Education of Te Kura-i-awaawa;……………………… 43 Whatumanawa - Of Enlightenment..……………………… 46 5.2 Rangi, Papa and their Children, the Atua:…………………. 48 Nga Atua Taane - The Male Atua…………………………. 49 Nga Atua Waahine - The Female Atua…………………….. 52 5.3 Pedagogy of Te Kura-i-awaawa…………………………… 53 CHAPTER 6: TE WHARE-WAANANGA - OF PHILOSOPHICAL EDUCATION 55 6.1 Whare-maire of Tuhoe, and Tupapakurau: Tupapakurau;...……………………………………………. -
The Pacifist Traditions of Parihaka
Reclaiming the Role of Rongo: The Pacifist Traditions of Parihaka. Introduction: This paper seeks to introduce a form of radical politics centred on the role of Rongo, the Māori god of peace. As part of the focus on Rongo, this paper will discuss the pacifist traditions of Parihaka, the Day of Reconciliation and what the future trajectory for Parihaka may hold. The theoretical analysis will encompass a discourse analysis of the traditional waiata or Maori songs, as well as highlight the living history component of Parihaka by following an autoethnographic approach. The central question behind this paper asks whether the pacifism of the past influenced by the scriptures is less influential and needs to be replaced by an understanding of Rongo – a revolutionary and radical form of nonviolent politics. History and context of Parihaka: Parihaka was established in 1867 in Taranaki, the west coast of the north island of New Zealand. It wasn’t the first Maori settlement of peace in Taranaki, it followed on from other attempts to establish a peaceful community at Warea, Ngākumikumi, Te Puru, Kēkēua and Waikoukou. The leaders of the movement Te Whiti o Rongomai and Tohu Kakahi were well versed in the bible and decided to provide refuge to the landless Maori of Taranaki who had suffered the land confiscations in the 1860’s. Although the land was confiscated, it wasn’t enforced north of the Waingōngoro river from 1865 to 1878. (Riseborough, 1989, p. 31) The influence of Parihaka grew overtime, and it became difficult for government officials to bypass Te Whiti and Tohu, who were patient on waiting for their reserves that were promised to them. -
Mätauranga Mäori Paradigms and Politics
Presented Draft. Except for the purposes of reasonable quoting and research, no part or whole may be 1 reproduced without permission. © C. Royal 1998. Mätauranga Mäori Paradigms and Politics Te Ahukaramü 1 Charles Royal A paper presented to the Ministry for Research, Science and Technology 13 January 1998 1. Introduction Thank you for inviting me to speak today. My purpose in speaking to you today is to describe something of the field of Mäori knowledge, or mätauranga Mäori, and to advocate for a management model whose goal is to ease the fraught political environment mätauranga Mäori finds itself in today. Mätauranga Mäori is a knowledge tradition that grew out of ancient Polynesia. It was transported here to Aotearoa, by ancestors of present day Mäori, where it flourished for some 1000 years (give or take a bit) until the arrival of Päkehä in 1769. Mätauranga Mäori continued to be the most influential knowledge tradition in 19th century Aotearoa/New Zealand but this status changed considerably under the weight of colonisation. Its political influence was superceded, in that same century, by what might be called Western knowledge. In the 20th century, mätauranga Mäori has been seriously undermined by a range of factors, not least of which has been the diminishment in the number of speakers of the Mäori language and the dearth of institutions devoted to it. Today, mätauranga Mäori finds itself in a difficult state. A new range of institutions have appeared which serve to explore and express mätauranga Mäori, to varying degrees, but the situation remains of great concern. Perhaps the most urgent issue facing mätauranga Mäori is the rediscovery of the world view or the paradigm out of which it was created in precontact times, a paradigm which can be reapplied in contemporary circumstances in order to create new mätauranga Mäori. -
Identity and Whakapapa a Curriculum for the Gifted Maori Child Melinda
Identity and Whakapapa A curriculum for the gifted Maori child Melinda Webber, Faculty of Education, University of Auckland. Abstract: The importance of identifying and nurturing the gifts and talents of all tamariki in Aotearoa is widely accepted in education circles. The continued under-representation of Maori students in Gifted and Talented programmes indicates the need to ensure our understandings about the way children learn, and the corresponding curriculum content, reflect Maori conceptions, values and practices. Research shows that cultural practice, tribal structures and whakapapa are all significant in the development of Maori identity (Durie, 2002; Murchie, 1984; Broughton, 1993; Moeke-Pickering, 1996). Where Maori children are encouraged to use their own whanau/hapu/tribe as a starting point for better understanding what giftedness means for both their cultural and educational lives, they will feel empowered to embrace the gifts they possess and use them to progress educationally, culturally and spiritually. This paper presents a story from a classroom teacher of Ngati Whatua descent regarding his teaching philosophy for Ngati Whatua tamariki. I then suggest a curriculum centred on Ngati Whakauue whakapapa as a model for potential programmes for gifted and talented learners within the Rotorua area. Ko wai au? Why is it important I start with this? Who I am today, is determined by those who have come before me. I am a product of my history and whakapapa. One cannot be separated from the other. My personal, ethnic and professional identities stem from my whakapapa. It strengthens me. It empowers me. ¾Ki te taha o toku papa. ¾Te Arawa te iwi ¾Ngati Whakaaue te hapu ¾Ngongotaha te maunga ¾Maketu te moana ¾Tunohopu te marae ¾Tamatekapua te tangata ¾No Ohinemutu me Rotorua aku Turangawaewae Ki te taha o toku mama. -
“Whānau, Hapū and Iwi” “Whānau, Hapū and Iwi” Has Been Embedded in Care and Protection and Youth Justice Legislation for Over 25 Years but Is Frequently Overlooked
“Whānau, hapū and iwi” “Whānau, hapū and iwi” has been embedded in care and protection and youth justice legislation for over 25 years but is frequently overlooked. November 2017 In the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989 / Children’s and Young The text in underline is already in force. [ ] means this text is People’s Well-being Act 1989, once all the legislative changes to be replaced. [[ ]] means this text is to be deleted. are in force (July 2019), the terms “whānau, hapū, iwi” or All provisions will be in force by 1 July 2019 if not earlier by “whānau, hapū and iwi” will appear a total of 32 times. Order in Council. The new terms “mana tamaiti (tamariki)”, “whakapapa” and “whanaungatanga” have been referred to as the three ‘pou’ of the legislation. The term “mana tamaiti” will appear a total of 7 times, “whakapapa” will appear 12 times, and “whanaungatanga” will appear 8 times. Section 2 | Interpretation Section 4 | Purposes (1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, (1) The purposes of this Act are to promote the well- being of children, young persons, and their families, mana tamaiti (tamariki) means the intrinsic value whānau, hapū, iwi,and family groups by: and inherent dignity derived from a child’s or young person’s whakapapa (genealogy) and their belonging to (a) establishing, promoting, or co-ordinating services a whānau, hapū, iwi, or family group, in accordance with that: tikanga Māori or its equivalent in the culture of the child or young person (i) are designed to affirmmana tamaiti (tamariki), are centred on children’s -
Otawa Scenic Reserve
OFFICIAL Otawa Scenic Reserve by Heather Bassett This report was commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal for Wai 209 and Wai 21 0 as part of the consolidated Wai 2 15 claim. August 1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS Research Commission 1. Introduction 2. Scenic Reserves and the Public Works Act 3. The Compulsory Acquisition of Parts Otawa 2A, 2B, 2C 2D, and 2E 4. Delays in Awarding Compensation 1940-1 96 1 5. The Assessment of Compensation and its Distribution 6. The Establishment of the Otawa Kaiate Trust 7. Summary 1 Issues List of Maps Map 1 Map 2 Map 3 Map 4 Index to Document Bank . WAI 209/210 WAITANGI TRIBUNAL CONCERNING the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 AND CONCERNING .the Otawa Kaiate Trust claim -. DIRECTION COMMISSIONING RESEARCH 1 Pursuant to clause 5A(1) of the second schedule of the Treaty of waitangi Act 1975, the Tribunal commissions Heather Bassett of Paraparaumu, a member of staff, to complete j. on behalf of the claimants a research report for this claim covering the following matters: The circumstances surrounding the taking of blocks Otawa 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D and 2E, in the Tauranga region under the Public Works Act. (1928), in September 1940. - The extent to which the owners of the land at that time were consulted before the taking, whether any agreement was reached and if so, with whom. The circumstances surrounding the payment of compensation in July 1961, whether the amount fixed was a fair one, and whether the several owners received their rightful entitlements of the compensation. The circumstances surrounding the establishment and subsequent management of the Otawa Kaiate Trust. -
Government Planning and Support for Housing on Māori Land
Performance audit report Government planning and support for housing on Māori land Ngā whakatakotoranga kaupapa me te tautoko a te Kāwanatanga ki te hanga whare i runga i te whenua Māori Office of the Auditor-General PO Box 3928, Wellington 6140 Telephone: (04) 917 1500 Facsimile: (04) 917 1549 Email: [email protected] Website: www.oag.govt.nz Government planning and support for housing on Māori land Ngā whakatakotoranga kaupapa me te tautoko a te Kāwanatanga ki te hanga whare i runga i te whenua Māori This is the report of a performance audit we carried out under section 16 of the Public Audit Act 2001 ISBN 978-0-478-38311-9 (print) August 2011 ISBN 978-0-478-38312-6 (online) Contents Ngā Ihiranga 3 Foreword 6 Ngā Kupu Whakataki 7 Auditor-General’s overview 9 Te Tirohanga Whānui a te Tumuaki o te Mana Arotake 13 Our recommendations 16 Ko ā Mātau Tūtohu 17 Part 1 – Introduction 19 Wāhanga Tuatahi – Te Whakatuwheratanga 19 Why we carried out our audit 19 The audited entities and the activities we audited 19 The scope of our audit 21 How we carried out our audit 21 Scenarios used in this report 22 Part 2 – Māori housing needs and history, and current government programmes 23 Wāhanga Tuarua – Ko ngā hiahia, ko ngā tāhuhu kōrero me ngā kaupapa kāwanatanga onāianei mō te whare Māori 23 Māori housing needs 23 The significance of Māori land 23 Types of Māori land 24 The potential for Māori land to provide for affordable housing 25 The barriers to building housing on Māori land 25 The history of government interventions and their results 27 The -
KUA TU PU TE PA HARAKEKE DEVELOPING HEALTHY WHANAU RELATIONSHIPS L�P�A,Vui, N �Opvv Uit,Y\,€/C£Iu11te.Yo-Rv
KUA TU PU TE PA HARAKEKE DEVELOPING HEALTHY WHANAU RELATIONSHIPS L�p�a,vui, N �opvV Uit,Y\,€/C£iU11te.Yo-rv A. Opening with Pepeha A. Opening with Pepeha Ko Taranaki te maunga Taranaki is the ancestral B. Retaining Our Identity mountain Ko Waitara te awa Waitara is the river C. Puriikau:Traditional Stories as Ko Nga Tai o Rehua toku Nga Tai o Rehua is the Guidance moana ocean Ko Tokomaru te waka Tokomaru is the canoe D. Teachings about Relationships Ko Te Atiawa, Ngati My tribal groups are Mahanga, Nga Mahanga Te Atiawa, Ngati Mahanga E. Traditional Maori Society and Views a Tairi oku iwi a Tairi, Ngati Mahanga Ko Ngati Rahiri toku hapu My subtribe is Ngati Rahiri on Family Violence Ko Leonie Pihama toku My name is Leonie Pihama ingoa. F. Colonization and Family Violence Ko Taranaki te maunga Taranaki is the ancestral G. TuT ika oAroT ika mountain Ko Urenui te awa Urenui is the river H. Glossary Ko Nga Tai o Rehua te Nga Tai o Rehua is the moana ocean I. Resources Ko Tokomaru me Takitimu The canoes are Tokomaru ngawaka and Takitimu Ko Ngati Mutunga me Ngati My tribal groups are Ngati Kahungunu naa iwi Mutunga and Ngati Kahungunu Ko Kaitangata me Ngati My subtribes are Kaitangata Pahauwera oku and Ngati Pahauwera hapu Raumati is my extended Ko Raumati te whanau family Ko Ngaropi Cameron My name is Ngaropi toku ingoa Cameron 225 We have opened this chapter with our pepeha. aware of the connection. Through this process we link Pepeha are ways through which our people introduce to people whom we may never have met before.We link ourselves.