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Virus Diseases and Noninfectious Disorders of Stone Fruits in North America
/ VIRUS DISEASES AND NONINFECTIOUS DISORDERS OF STONE FRUITS IN NORTH AMERICA Agriculture Handbook No. 437 Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE VIRUS DISEASES AND NONINFECTIOUS DISORDERS OF STONE FRUITS IN NORTH AMERICA Agriculture Handbook No. 437 This handbook supersedes Agriculture Handbook 10, Virus Diseases and Other Disorders with Viruslike Symptoms of Stone Fruits in North America. Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Washington, D.C. ISSUED JANUARY 1976 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C 20402 — Price $7.10 (Paper Cover) Stock Number 0100-02691 FOREWORD The study of fruit tree virus diseases is a tedious process because of the time needed to produce experimental woody plants and, often, the long interval from inoculation until the development of diagnostic symptoms. The need for cooperation and interchange of information among investigators of these diseases has been apparent for a long time. As early as 1941, a conference was called by Director V. R. Gardner at Michigan State University to discuss the problem. One result of this early conference was the selection of a committee (E. M. Hildebrand, G. H. Berkeley, and D. Cation) to collect and classify both published and unpublished data on the nomenclature, symptoms, host range, geographical distribution, and other pertinent information on stone fruit virus diseases. This information was used to prepare a "Handbook of Stone Fruit Virus Diseases in North America," which was published in 1942 as a mis- cellaneous publication of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. At a second conference of stone fruit virus disease workers held in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1944 under the chairmanship of Director Gardner, a Publication Committee (D. -
Orchard Management Plan
Inventory, Condition Assessment, and Management Recommendations for use in preparing an Orchard Management Plan for the Fruita Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park By Kanin Routson and Gary Paul Nabhan, NAU Center for Sustainable Environments, 2007 In fulfillment of CP-CESU Contract H1200040002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Acknowledgements Historical Overview Relationship to national/ regional history Varieties previously known but lost Fruit production practices lost Contributing and non-contributing orchards/Extant historic character Existing Conditions Condition assessment of the orchards Demographic summary of the trees of Fruita Inventory, History, Condition Assessment, and Recommendations for Each Orchard in the Fruita Historic District Condition Assessment of the orchards Species composition of the orchards Site-specific history/ Character of orchards in period of significance Orchard-specific management recommendations: Preservation: Retain current (historic) appearance through cyclic maintenance and replacement-in-kind Restoration: Return appearance back to historic condition by removing later additions, and replacing missing features Rehabilitation: Preserve historic characteristics and features; make compatible alterations and additions to orchard Reconstruction: Re-plant a vanished orchard using excellent evidence Calendar for Maintenance Monitoring Time and frequency of activities General maintenance Procedures Pruning, irrigation, planting, and scion-wood collecting Long-Term Management Objectives Conclusions References Appendix Registry of Heirloom Varieties at Capitol Reef/Southwest Regis-Tree 1 Figures Figure 1: Fruit tree species in Capitol Reef National Park. Figure 2: Fruit tree conditions in Capitol Reef National Park. Figure 3: Ages of the fruit trees in Capitol Reef National Park. Figure 4: Age groupings for the fruit tree species at Capitol Reef National Park. Figure 5: Percentages of historical varieties in the three general age groupings of fruit trees in Capitol Reef National Park. -
SWEET CHERRIES: Production, Marketing, and Processing
árf-3 SWEET CHERRIES: Production, Marketing, and Processing Agriculture Handbook No. 442 p^ C_^ '"^ CI? -j-, ■ —Í 00 ::^ Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PRECAUTION Pesticides used improperly can be injurious to man, animals, and plants. Follow the directions and need all precautions on the labels. Store pesticides in original containers under lock and key—out of the reach of children and animals—and away from food and feed. Apply pesticides so that they do not endanger humans, livestock, crops, beneficial insects, fish, and wildlife. Do not apply pesticides when there is danger of drift, when honey bees or other' pol- linating insects are visiting plants, or in ways that may contaminate water or leave illegal resi- dues. Avoid prolonged inhalation of pesticide sprays or dusts; wear protective clothing and equipment if specified on the container. If your hands become contaminated with a pesticide, do not eat or drink until you have washed In case a pesticide is swallowed or gets in the eyes, follow the first aid treatment given on the label, and get prompt medical attention. If a pesticide is spilled on your skin or clothing, remove clothing immediately and wash skin thoroughly. Do not clean spray equipment or dump excess spray material near ponds, streams, or wells Be- cause It is difficult to remove all traces of herbicides from equipment, do not use the same equip- ment for insecticides or fungicides that you use for herbicides. Dispose of empty pesticide containers promptly. Have them buried at a sanitary land-fill dump or crush and bury them in a level, isolated place. -
Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacities of Tart Cherry Products
ARTICLE IN PRESS Food Chemistry xxx (2008) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Chemical profile and antioxidant capacities of tart cherry products Ara Kirakosyan *, E.M. Seymour, Daniel E. Urcuyo Llanes, Peter B. Kaufman, Steven F. Bolling Department of Surgery and The Michigan Integrative Medicine Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA article info abstract Article history: The levels of anthocyanins and other flavonoids, as well as melatonin, in various tart cherry products (fro- Received 3 July 2008 zen and dried cherries, powders from individually quick frozen (IQF) cherry and juice concentrate) from Received in revised form 30 September two tart cherry cultivars, ‘Montmorency’ and ‘Balaton’ were analysed comparatively by HPLC and electro- 2008 spray mass spectrometry (EMS). Our results show that the major anthocyanin compound in these two Accepted 13 November 2008 tart cherry cultivars is cyanidin 3-glucosylrutinoside, followed by cyanidin 3-rutinoside, cyanydin sop- Available online xxxx horoside, and peonidin 3-glucoside. Studies on antioxidant activities (total antioxidant status assay) of crude extracts of ten tart cherry products show that these products preserve their antioxidant capacities Keywords: after processing and storage. We have also compared the antioxidant activities of several single constit- Prunus cerasus Anthocyanins uents that are present in tart cherry. When TEAC (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) values were Phenolics evaluated conceptually against the cherry phytochemical profile, cyanidin and its derivatives were found Antioxidant capacities to be the significant contributors to the antioxidant systems of tart cherries. It was shown that standard compounds with common aglycon moieties show similar antioxidant activities. -
Fruit Trees for 2020-2021
Page 1 P O Box 189 • 9500 SE 327th Ave • Boring, OR 97009 Fruit Trees 503-663-4128 • Fax 503-663-2121 Toll-Free 1-800-825-8202 for 2020-2021 www.jfschmidt.com • ©2021, All Rights Reserved Rootstocks Variety Rootstock Variety Rootstock Variety Rootstock Diospyros - Persimmon Prunus - Aprium® Prunus - Pluerry® Fuyu (‘Jiro’) D. Lotus Cot-N-Candy Citation Sweet Treat Myro 29C Ficus - Fig Prunus - Cherry Prunus - Pluot® Chicago Hardy, Desert King, 4-in-1, Bing, Montmorency, Mahaleb or own root Dapple Dandy, Flavor King Citation Violette de Bordeaux Rainier, Stella, Utah Giant, Van Mazzard Prunus - Plum/Prune Malus - Apple Prunus - Nectarine Elephant Heart, Emerald Beaut, Citation or 3-in-1 Combo, 4-in-1 Combo, Fantasia, Flavortop, Harko, Lovell or Santa Rosa, Satsuma, Marianna Braeburn, Fuji, Gala, Ghost, Heavenly White St. Julian Superior, Italian Prune Golden Delicious, Granny M106 Prunus - NectaPlum® Pyrus - Asian Pear Smith, Gravenstein, Honeycrisp, Lovell or Spice Zee 20th Century OHxF 333 Hudson's Golden Gem, Pink St. Julian Lady, McIntosh, Red Delicious Prunus - Peach Pyrus - Pear Prunus - Apricot Contender, Elberta, Frost™, Citation, 4-in-1 Combo, Bartlett, Comice, Harcot, Perfection, Tilton, Citation or Pix Zee, Redhaven, Reliance Lovell or D’Anjou, Red D’Anjou, Sensation Quince Wenatchee Moorpark St. Julian Snow Beauty, Veteran St. Julian “A” Red Bartlett Diospyros - Persimmon Fuyu (Jiro) Persimmon Late midseason fruits are crunchy when ripe, and non-astringent. They are of medium size and more flat than rounded in shape. This hardy tree is practically pest free and is an attractive small ornamental as well as a productive, self-fruitful tree. -
National Cherry Month
NATIONAL CHERRY MONTH 1.800.206.6949 | CherryRepublic.com | Life Liberty Beaches & Pie It’s the Year of the Farmer! As we move into a new decade, I can’t help but reflect on the state of our beloved cherry industry. Even though Cherry Republic had MONTMORENCY a successful 2019, our fruit farmers fell on DRIED CHERRIES some hard times. Continued unfair trade 5 lb. box #10005-ea practices from Turkey, the invasion of the $69.00 ONLY $49.95! dreaded SWD fruit fly, and a lack of housing for migrant workers made for a hard year— 1 lb. bag #10003-ea both fiscally and emotionally. $16.95 ONLY $14.95! But Michigan cherry farmers are nothing if 8 oz. bag #10002-ea not resilient! These salt-of-the-earth men $9.95 ONLY $8.95! and women are working every day to tackle see page 5 for details these issues, and we’re happy to see the promise of a turning tide. Read about what some of our Northern Michigan growers are up to throughout this catalog and why I have such good feeling about 2020. When I founded Cherry Republic in 1989, it was with the hope that I could get people to eat more cherries to support our farmers. I still wave the flag of Ruby Red Morsels of Joy high, especially during National Cherry Month. As our gift to you, many of our most popular items are on sale through February 29. And be sure to check out our Valentine’s Day gift ideas. ORIGINAL So let’s all do our part and EAT MORE CHERRIES! It will bring a smile to CHERRY SALSA your face — and to a farmer’s, too. -
Improvement of Stone Fruits
IMPROVEMENT OF STONE FRUITS F. P. GULLJNAN, Senior Poinologisi, Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases,'linrean of Plant Indus try ^ JL HE beautiful and delicious varieties of peaches, plums, cherries, and apricots that make up the group of stone fruits as we know them today are undoubtedly vastly different from their early progenitors. Down through the centuries many wild species and varieties have been selected by man in his search for new food supplies and a better diet. Just how long this slow process of improvement of the various kinds of wild fruit has been going on, history does not relate. As civilization progressed we know that many of these wild fruits w^ere taken from their native homes and distributed to new locations where there were new soils and new climatic conditions. In these new environments certain modifications occurred in size of tree and in size, shape, color, and flavor of fruit. Many trees perished in the new environments. Perhaps only a few survived the vicissitudes of climate in some of the regions into which they were taken. Through these early chance selections, however, a beginning was made in the improvement of the stone fruits. Stone fruits are now grown in all parts of the Temperate Zone in the Northern Hemisphere. In the United States the culture, produc- tion, and sale of these fruits constitute a great industry. In 1931, the peak year of peach production, the commercial crop was over 76)^ million bushels. According to the census of 1935, the country pro- duced in the previous year about 45 million bushels of peaches, over 23 million bushels of plums, and 5 million bushels of cherries. -
Download Cherry Growing Guide
CHERRIES FROM THE ANDERSON’S FRUIT GROWING GUIDE BY MARK ANDERSON CHERRIES Easily one of the most beautiful blooming trees, cherries, both sweet and sour, have much more to offer than lovely blossoms. These attractive and productive trees make a great addition to any home garden, especially if grown on a dwarf root stock to limit their size. Sweet cherries tend to grow larger and most varieties require a pollinator (make sure to select wisely, as not all trees will pollinate successfully). The standard trees grow up to 30 feet tall and do best in zones where winter hours are consistently below 45 degrees to develop flowers and fruit. Sweet cherries also perform better when protected from intense heat and cold. Sour cherries are smaller, easier to grow, and self-fruitful (they also make great pollinators for sweet cherries). Not as tall as their sweet cousins, they tend to spread more laterally and max out at 12-15 feet tall. They are also more adaptable to varying climates and temperatures than sweet cherries. Most consumers usually eat sweet cherries fresh, and use sour cherries for cooking. Location: Open site in full sun, with good air circulation. Cherries do best in landscape or garden locations and not in lawn, which needs a different water and fertilizer regimen. Soil: Deep garden, loamy soil works best - well drained, not soggy. Avoid heavy clay or overly sandy soils. Planting: See attached bare root and container planting guide. Water: To ensure steady fruit development from bloom to harvest, make sure to provide regular water throughout the growing season - usually a deep watering every 5-10 days depending on heat and sun exposure. -
Capitol Reef National Park List of Fruit and Nut Varieties, Including Heirlooms
Capitol Reef National Park List of Fruit and Nut Varieties, Including Heirlooms Prepared for the National Park Service through the Colorado Plateau Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit by Kanin Routson and Gary Paul Nabhan, Center for Sustainable Environments, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona ALMONDS (Prunus dulcis) (Texas) Mission. Almonds first came into the Southwest in a delivery to Juan de Oñate at San Gabriel (near Taos) New Mexico in 1698. But it was not until 1891 that someone spotted a chance seedling in Texas with unique characteristics. It was first called Texas or Texas Prolific, but later became known as Mission, Texa or Texas Mission due to its association with old Spanish era churches. It was soon introduced to other parts of the Southwest, and its production took off on a large scale when it was introduced to Acampo, California. This heirloom has hard-shelled nuts with relatively small kernels inside—roughly 25 to 28 per ounce. The trees are prolific bearers and extremely vigorous when young, but growth and yield decline markedly with age. The tree has an upright growth habitat, and is easy to train to facilitate production, which occurs mostly on the spur branches rather than the shoots. Because it is susceptible to mallet wound canker, it is short-lived wherever this Ceratocystis infection occurs. It is also sensitive to alkaline soils and saline irrigation. Its tendency to bloom well after frost in the spring keeps it popular among dwellers in river valleys where temperature inversions freeze the blossoms of earlier blooming varieties. We believe that the almonds in the Mott Orchard of Capitol Reef National Park are Mission Almonds. -
CITY of ARVADA PLANT LIST Effective 9/1/2020
CITY OF ARVADA PLANT LIST Effective 9/1/2020 PROHIBITED PLANTS All plant listed listed as invasive/noxious by the Colorado Department of Agriculture shall not be planted within the city limits. https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/agconservation/noxious-weed-species#b RECOMMENDED PLANT SPECIES The following plants are recommended within the city. For new development, other plants species may be proposed as long as they have a proven track record of not being invasive within the Front Range. Xeric species preferred. TREES Deciduous Canopy Trees Street Common Name Latin Name Mature Ht. Xeric Tree Autumn Blaze Maple Acer x freemanii 'autumn blaze' 40-50' Silver Maple Acer saccharinum 100' Bigtooth Maple Acer grandidentatum 20-30' Deborah Norway Maple Acer platanoides 'deborah' 40-50' Northwood Maple Acer rubrum 'northwood' 40-50' Red Sunset Maple Acer rubrum 'red sunset' 40-50' River Birch Betula nigra 40-50' Western Catalpa Catalpa speciosa 40-60' Western Hackberry Celtis occidentalis 50-60' x Yellowwood Cladastrus kentukea 40' Imperial Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos inermis 'Imperial' 35' x x Shademaster Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos inermis 'shademaster' 40-50' x x Skyline Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos inermis 'skyline' 40-50' x x Sunburst Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos inermis 'sunburst' 30-35' x x Kentucky Coffeetree Gymnocladus dioica 50-60' x Goldenrain Tree Koelreuteria paniculata 20-30' x Redmond Linden Tilia americana 'redmond' 40-50' x Greenspire Linden Tilia cordata 'greenspire' 30-40' x White Oak Quercus alba 60-100' x Swamp White Oak Quercus bicolor 40-60' x x Scarlet Oak Quercus coccinea 50-80' x Bur Oak Quercus macrocarpa 50-80' x x Chinkapin Oak Quercus muehlenbergii 40-50' x Pin Oak Quercus palustris 50-60' x English Oak Quercus robur 40-60' x x Red Oak Quercus rubra 40-60' x Wavy Leaf / Scrub Oak Quercus undulata 20-30' Peachleaf Willow Salix amygdaloides 35-50' Frontier Elm Ulmus x 'Frontier' (U. -
Cherry History It Is Not Known Where Cherries Originated From, but We Do Know They Have Been a Popular Fruit for Centuries
Cherry History It is not known where cherries originated from, but we do know they have been a popular fruit for centuries. Cherry pits were found in Stone-Age caves across Europe. Roman conquerors were known to spread their favorite cherry varieties across Europe to Britain during the 1st century. Cherries are also an important fruit in Japan. This country has celebrated the blossoming of cherry trees for centuries. Cherries first made their way to North America by European settlers in the 1600s. Later, French settlers planted cherry pits they had brought from Normandy throughout the Great Lakes region. It was not until the 1850s when cherry farming really started. A Presbyterian missionary planted a number of cherry trees in Michigan that flourished due to the ideal cherry-growing weather: cold winters and cool summers. After that success, cherry orchards were planted across Michigan and cherry production increased. Varieties Sweet and tart are the two types of cherries grown. Each of them has many different varieties available for purchase. The most common sweet cherry variety is the Bing cherry. This cherry originated in Oregon and received its name from the Chinese workers on the cherry farm. The Montmorency cherry is the most popular tart cherry variety. This cherry is popular for eating and making pies, preserves, and juice. Most of the tart cherries grown in the US are from Michigan, but Wisconsin does produce a large crop. Fun Facts Michigan produces 75 percent of the tart cherries grown in the US. Oregon and Washington produce over 60 percent of the US sweet cherries. -
Fruit and Nut Varieties, Including Heirlooms
Capitol Reef National Park List of Fruit and Nut Varieties, Including Heirlooms Prepared for the National Park Service through the Colorado Plateau Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit by Kanin Routson and Gary Paul Nabhan, Center for Sustainable Environments, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona ALMONDS (Prunus dulcis) (Texas) Mission. Almonds first came into the Southwest in a delivery to Juan de Oñate at San Gabriel (near Taos) New Mexico in 1698. But it was not until 1891 that someone spotted a chance seedling in Texas with unique characteristics. It was first called Texas or Texas Prolific, but later became known as Mission, Texa or Texas Mission due to its association with old Spanish era churches. It was soon introduced to other parts of the Southwest, and its production took off on a large scale when it was introduced to Acampo, California. This heirloom has hard-shelled nuts with relatively small kernels inside—roughly 25 to 28 per ounce. The trees are prolific bearers and extremely vigorous when young, but growth and yield decline markedly with age. The tree has an upright growth habitat, and is easy to train to facilitate production, which occurs mostly on the spur branches rather than the shoots. Because it is susceptible to mallet wound canker, it is short-lived wherever this Ceratocystis infection occurs. It is also sensitive to alkaline soils and saline irrigation. Its tendency to bloom well after frost in the spring keeps it popular among dwellers in river valleys where temperature inversions freeze the blossoms of earlier blooming varieties. We believe that the almonds in the Mott Orchard of Capitol Reef National Park are Mission Almonds.