DEFINING THE PUBLIC REALM WATERFRONT CULTURE AND HERITAGE INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN

PART II - EAST AND WEST WATERFRONT PREPARED FOR THE CULTURE DIVISION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CULTURE AND TOURISM DEPARTMENT, CITY OF TORONTO BY ERA ARCHITECTS INC. AND URBAN INTELLIGENCE

2003

In 2002 Toronto City Council adopted the Culture Division’s report, Canada’s Urban Waterfront. This plan was limited to the central core and was undertaken in conjunction with other major waterfront studies. In adopting Canada’s Urban Waterfront report, City Council authorized its completion by examining the rest of the waterfront – all 46 kilometers from Long Branch to the Rouge Valley - in this second report.

The initial plan presented a waterfront vision centered on cultural resources and showcased Toronto as an imaginative and creative model of civic identity for urban Canada. This plan, entitled Defining the Public Realm, continues that approach of a cultural laboratory for research into the creative city – the city founded on the cornerstones of its culture and heritage.

Defining the Public Realm plan is intended to complement initiatives underway, to highlight community interests and concerns and to raise our combined understanding of the complex cultural landscape we inhabit. Like the initial plan it provides a framework for envisioning the opportunities for cultural initiatives available on Toronto’s immense waterfront.

Toronto, since its amalgamation five years ago, is still formulating its broader identity, and this waterfront plan assists by bringing together ideas of our shared experiences, our cultural memory, and a vision of a truly great waterfront city.

Rita Davies Executive Director, Culture Division

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PAGE 3

LARGER CONTEXT PAGE 5

GOALS AND VISION PAGE 7

PRINCIPLES PAGE 9

CULTURE AND HERITAGE INFRASTRUCTURE GRID PAGE 11

THE URBAN SPINE AND WATER’S EDGE PAGE 14

CULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES PAGE 18

NATURAL CORRIDORS AND BIRTHPLACES PAGE 24

WATERFRONT COMMUNITIES PAGE 28

CULTURAL FACILITIES PAGE 32

NEXT STEPS PAGE 34

GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS PAGE 35

METHODOLOGY PAGE 37

APPENDICES PAGE 39

CREDITS PAGE 42

2 INTRODUCTION

This plan extends the exploration of the culture and heritage of Toronto’s waterfront initiated by Canada’s Urban Waterfront – a waterfront culture and heritage infrastructure plan (www.city.toronto.on.ca/culture/waterfront_plan.htm) The initial plan highlighted the diversity of the central waterfront and brought forward an infrastructure framework based on two significant concepts:

Cultural Corridors – Canada’s Urban Waterfront defined new ways to connect the centre of the city to the water’s edge, called Cultural Corridors. Starting from the commonly held notion that the central core of the city was disconnected from its waterfront, the plan defined cultural corridors that demonstrated the potential for a reconnection. The plan used cultural and heritage resources to overcome perceived barriers and knit the waterfront back into the fabric of the city.

Cultural Opportunities – Canada’s Urban Waterfront illustrated the concept of a waterfront that is already amazingly rich and complex by identifying twelve major cultural and heritage resource areas, called Cultural Opportunities. This concept focused on the unique sense of place and the deeply embedded history that is part of Toronto’s central waterfront.

This report adds two additional concepts to the framework of the infrastructure plan:

Waterfront Communities – In the immense variety of Toronto’s waterfront, recognition is given to the character of the stable neighborhoods and former villages which line the water’s edge and create unique areas of activity. The waterfront plan must balance the needs of these local communities for cultural and recreational development with larger city-wide attractions and initiatives.

The Urban Spine – With Lake Shore Boulevard in the west to Kingston Road in the east, Toronto’s waterfront has two heritage routes that link together the communities and a series of public parks and open spaces. Seen as an Urban Spine these routes are the catalyst for connecting the former municipalities of Toronto, Scarborough and Etobicoke together as a seamless urban waterfront.

3 4 LARGER CONTEXT SCARBOROUGHVILLAGE G IHPARK HIGH SWANSEA OG HILL ROUGE RIO CREEK ARRISON OE OG RIVER ROUGE LOWER P RIVERDALE CORKTOWN OE IIOCREEK MIMICO LOWER OE UBRRIVER HUMBER LOWER MIMICO BAY HUMBER ARKDALE CLIFFCREST CLIFFSIDE IC CLIFF BIRCH AI UTSPARK CURTIS MARIE ETROUGE WEST OGBRANCH LONG J OTUNION PORT ONSTREET JOHN Y RI STREET ARVIS NESTREET ONGE OE IHADCREEK HIGHLAND LOWER ETHILL WEST SUNNYSIDE VILLAGE LIBERTY H SEBYHALL ASSEMBLY THE E TORONTO NEW O RIVER DON H DISTILLERY THE UL INN GUILD LESLIEVILLE CROOG BLUFFS SCARBOROUGH R YA ATPOINT EAST . ST OTYORK FORT C CROOBEACH SCARBORO B QUEEN E BEACH KEW H CLUB CHT . . LYBEACH ALMY LAWRENCE ARSFLRTO PLANT FILTRATION HARRIS BA HARBORFRONT HRTQUAY THURST EXHIBITION ’ S CANADIAN NATIONAL OOAINPARK CORONATION WHARF PORTLANDS & NAI PLACE ONTARIO OA CANADIAN ROYAL W ARD HRYBEACH CHERRY YA T MYTOPO PARK THOMPSON OMMY H CLUB CHT ’ SI LOQI ISLAND ALQONQUIN T RNOILN PARK ISLAND ORONTO SLAND IRLA POINT GIBRALTAR I LN WATERWORKS SLAND

In November 1999, the three levels of government announced a however, just one part of a much larger waterfront and a much bold new vision to revitalize Toronto’s 46-kilometer waterfront. As larger city with a range of diverse cultural and heritage resources part of this announcement, a jointly-funded Task Force was formed stretching from Etobicoke to Scarborough. to report on the implementation costs, investment, timing, and To fully explore the City’s waterfront vision, it was recommended assets and opportunities for government and private sector that studies be commissioned to look at the many cultural and involvement. In December 2000, the Waterfront Revitalization heritage opportunities along the entire waterfront. The cultural Intergovernmental Steering Committee commissioned a number of landscapes of the Humber, the Rouge, the Scarborough Bluffs, studies to analyze and refine the vision. Canada’s Urban Waterfront – High Park and the rich heritage of the Guild Inn, the Lakeshore a waterfront culture and heritage infrastructure plan was one of those Assembly Hall site, and the more than 20 communities along studies. Toronto’s waterfront are all important elements of Canada’s urban To relate to the City’s Secondary planning exercise for the Central waterfront. This plan, Defining the Public Realm, is the follow-up Waterfront, the focus of Canada’s Urban Waterfront plan remained study commissioned by the Culture Division of the Economic within the central waterfront area. The central waterfront is, Development, Culture and Tourism Department at the City of Toronto. 5 BOYS EXPLORING WATER’S EDGE AT SUNNYSIDE, 1928

6 GOALS AND VISION

GOALS OF THE PLAN A VISION FOR THE WATERFRONT The goals of the Waterfront Culture and Heritage Canada’s Urban Waterfront developed a vision for a revitalized Infrastructure Plans are to: waterfront that is reiterated here and is maintained as a core Create a distinctive framework through which to visualize component of this plan. the cultural landscape of Toronto’s waterfront; The three elements of the vision set out in this Plan are: Identify some of the important places in the cultural Protect, enhance and promote the natural, cultural and landscape that are strategic cultural and heritage resources; heritage resources of Toronto’s waterfront; Articulate a cultural and heritage vision for the waterfront Establish a strong visual identity for the entire 46- and establish the principles, objectives and opportunities for kilometer waterfront; and culturally conscious development; and Promote and enhance cultural activity and public life on the Make general recommendations and suggest specific next waterfront. steps to advance efforts to achieve the vision set out in this report. Our vision of a revitalized waterfront includes all the diversity of Toronto’s urban life and showcases Toronto as an imaginative and creative model of civic identity for 21st century urban Canada.

7 A VISION TO IMPROVE THE PUBLIC REALM AND STRENGTHEN THE URBAN SPINE AT KINGSTON ROAD THE CITY OF TORONTO’S REURBANIZING OF ARTERIAL CORRIDORS

8 PRINCIPLES CREATIVE REUSE Creative reuse and integration of existing facilities and resources should be integral to any redevelopment of the waterfront. The revitalization of what we already have is important, including extending the life of buildings and seeking adaptive, creative new uses for existing structures and facilities. An excellent example of creative reuse is the CULTURAL DIVERSITY Lakeshore Assembly Hall. It is important to recognize and promote social inclusion and cultural diversity. The development of the waterfront cultural zones should be based on wide public debate, partnerships and collaboration with all of Toronto’s communities. COMMUNITY VISION In the east and west waterfronts, it is important to recognize the waterfront communities as stable, long-standing YEAR ROUND ACTIVITY residential neighborhoods whose community needs must be It is important to attract visitors and sustain activities all measured with other civic interests. Cultural and heritage year round on the waterfront. Open space should encourage facilities should have commercial and community attractions winter uses and interior public spaces should be designed to and both the waterfront communities and cultural support cultural and artistic programming that builds on communities need to be involved in planning the cultural life their unique waterfront setting. of the waterfront. This approach should be built into waterfront revitalization from the beginning. SMART GROWTH Recognize culture and heritage as key elements of smart INCREMENTAL GROWTH growth and as integral elements in the creation and The cultural life of the waterfront needs to be built preservation of a sense of place and a unique identity for incrementally, and recognize the strengths of Toronto’s the waterfront. cultural system. The addition of any major cultural institution to the waterfront should begin by first building its community base. No activity on the waterfront should weaken Toronto’s THE PUBLIC REALM citywide cultural and heritage infrastructure. In the east and west waterfronts, it is important to balance the needs of the waterfront communities as residential neighborhoods with the desire for larger public attractions. TELL STORIES Clear definition of the public realm is essential. Culture The waterfront should be a place of learning, reflection, and heritage assets must be accessible to people of all commemoration and celebration. The landscape of the incomes and abilities. Maintain distinct areas that look waterfront has enormous storytelling power when connected to different and function differently. Maintain opportunities themes of aboriginal heritage, settlement, immigration, industrial for a wide range of cultural and artistic expression. development, ecosystem erosion and renewal, entertainment, Development on the waterfront must seek to preserve and sports history and international friendship. protect the public realm.

9 CULTURAL CORRIDORS AND THE URBAN SPINE NATURAL HERITAGE CORRIDORS WATER’SEDGE MARTIN GOODMAN TRAIL LAKE ONTARIO WATERFRONT TRAIL CULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES

BIRTHPLACES WATERFRONT COMMUNITIES

10 CULTURE AND HERITAGE INFRASTRUCTURE GRID

The Waterfront Cultural and Heritage Infrastructure Plans are built around an armature of cultural and heritage corridors. In the initial report, Canada’s Urban Waterfront, there were five north south corridors, two of which referenced natural heritage features of the cultural landscape, the Don River and Garrison Creek while the other three were city streets John Street, Yonge Street and Jarvis Street The Urban Spine: the linking of the two heritage routes, referencing specific cultural themes. Subsequently, Lake Shore Boulevard and Kingston Road, as the bridge for Parliament Street was added. strengthening the public realm and bringing the city together. Two east west corridors referenced different natural heritage aspects of Toronto’s position on the shore, the northern most Waterfront Communities: In the immense variety of Toronto’s corridor roughly corresponded to the existing Esplanade and waterfront, recognition is given to the character of the stable Front Street and referenced Toronto’s original lakefront. The neighborhoods and former villages which line the water’s edge southern corridor articulated the present day water’s edge. and create unique areas of activity. Each of these corridors linked the waterfront to important cultural and heritage resources and communities beyond the This plan delineates the potential for the improvement and central waterfront. enhancement of the public realm on the waterfront. This potential public realm is more than the water's edge, and consists In the present study additional cultural opportunities and natural corridors have been added to the grid. Most of the complex network of cultural opportunities and distinct significantly two new major components have been waterfront communities connected by an urban matrix. It introduced: represents the new image of Toronto's full waterfront.

11 LOOKING NORTH FROM SCARBOROUGH BLUFFS, CLIFFSIDE AREA, TOWARDS KINGSTON ROAD, 1962.

12 THE URBAN SPINE AND WATER’S EDGE

BETWEEN THE WATER’S EDGE AND LAKE SHORE BOULEVARD TOWARDS THE WEST TO HUMBER BAY PARK

13 THE URBAN SPINE - LAKE SHORE BOULEVARD/KINGSTON ROAD CORRIDOR

The Lake Shore Boulevard/Kingston Road corridor brings together the east, central and west waterfronts. Defining these two arterial roads as a contiguous route that runs parallel to Toronto’s waterfront opens up a multitude of opportunities to promote and celebrate the diversity of communities that populate the 46-kilometer route.

FIG. 3 The Lake Shore Boulevard/Kingston Road corridor bridges between former jurisdictions to provide a unified sense of one contiguous waterfront for Toronto.

In the east and west Lake Shore Boulevard and Kingston Road can be strengthened as areas for cultural activity, serving both the local waterfront communities and providing attractions for the larger public. They can provide public transit access to the open spaces and cultural opportunities that are available along the waterfront while, in many cases, reducing the potential conflict between the needs of the stable waterfront communities and desire for increased access to the water’s edge for all. They can be linked to the series of waterfront trails and paths that follow the water’s edge and within the central FIG. 2 core Lake Shore Boulevard could be seen not as a commuter route

FIG. 2 SUITE ENTRANCES TO MOTEL ON LAKE SHORE BOULEVARD’SMOTEL STRIP but as an urban boulevard, allowing transit and access all along the FIG. 3 SEAGULLS ON A BEACH IN ETOBICOKE waterfront. FIG. 4 “IN THE WAY OF PROGRESS”, MURAL ART ON KINGSTON ROAD FIG. 5 WATER’S EDGE AT CATHEDRAL’S BLUFFS As historic routes both Lake Shore Boulevard and Kingston Road can tell the important story of Toronto’s past and its on-going evolution. They can landmark the former villages that dotted the waterfront and highlight the initial places of settlement as the city’s birthplaces.

FIG. 5

FIG. 4

14 THE URBAN SPINE AND WATER’S EDGE

KINGSTON ROAD

LAKE SHORE BOULELVARD

15 BOARDWALK AT SCARBORO’ BEACH AMUSEMENT PARK, CIRCA 1910

16 CULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES

AERIAL PHOTO OF ETOBICOKE’S HUMBER BAY PARK AT THE MOUTH OF MIMICO CREEK

17 CULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES ALONG THE URBAN SPINE

In the initial report, Canada’s Urban Waterfront, a number of culturally important places were identified that represented unique opportunities to build on and strengthen the culture and heritage infrastructure of the waterfront. They were:

Exhibition Place, Ontario Place, Fort York, Bathurst Quay, Harbourfront Centre, John Street Roundhouse, Union Station, Foot of Yonge Street, Foot of Jarvis Street, Gooderham and Worts and The Distillery, the First Parliament Site, the Portlands, and the Toronto Islands.

FIG. 6 FIG. 7 This list of culturally important places has been greatly enlarged to include significant public open space on the waterfront in the east and west areas of the city which can be accessed from the Urban Spine, FIG. 6 COLBORNE lODGE, 1912 Lake Shore Boulevard/Kingston Road Corridor, thus defining the FIG. 7 THE HIGHLANDER’S MARCHING BAND AT GUILDDAY 2001 waterfront’s public realm: FIG. 8 GRENADIER POND IN HIGH PARK C. 1910 FIG. 9 CYCLISTS ALONG KINGSTON ROAD Marie Curtis Park, The Assembly Hall, Humber Bay Park, West Humber Parkland, High Park, Sunnyside, Western Beaches Aquatic Clubs, Tommy Thompson Park, Ashbridge’s Bay Park, Greenwood Park, Woodbine Beach Park, Kew Gardens Park, Balmy Beach, Birchmount Park, Rosetta McClain Gardens, Cathedral Bluffs Park, Bluffer’s Park, Guildwood Park and The Guild, East Point Park, Port Union and Rouge Beach Park.

FIG. 8

FIG. 9

18 CULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES OG EC PARK BEACH ROUGE OTUNION PORT ATPOINT EAST H GUILD THE IHPARK HIGH XIIINPLACE EXHIBITION H DISTILLERY THE CRRUHBLUFFS SCAROROUGH NO STATION UNION ROUNDHOUSE OTYORK FORT BLUFFER ROSETTA MCCLAIN GARDENS BIRCHMOUNT PARK ’ SPARK R . BEACHES C ABUFOTCENTRE HARBOURFRONT . UBRBYPARK BAY HUMBER OTO JARVIS OF FOOT SBIGSBAY ASHBRIDGES OTO YONGE OF FOOT BA UBRBAY HUMBER NAI PLACE ONTARIO HARRIS HRTQUAY THURST PORTLANDS H SEBYHALL ASSEMBLY THE T T RNOISLANDS ORONTO MYTOPO PARK THOMPSON OMMY AI UTSPARK CURTIS MARIE

19 SHOOTING THE CHUTES AT SCARBORO’ BEACH AMUSEMENT PARK, C . 1907

20 CULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES

Some specific examples of opportunities that could be incorporated into the revitalized waterfront are:

A creative visual identity program, including wayfinding and signage, and heritage interpretation plan that tells Toronto’s story and provides visible connections and gateways to the waterfront from all the waterfront There are five types of opportunities for cultural and heritage neighborhoods; development that ought to be encouraged in the revitalized waterfront. Private development and public sector projects Improving public transit and enhancing pedestrian access ought to be designed to: along the Urban Spine; Strengthen waterfront identity through a coherent visual Public art competitions to design creative waterworks and identity program incorporating public art and interpretive other art forms as part of the City’s storm water resources; management initiatives. Create cultural and heritage destinations on a variety of Live/work affordable housing for artists; and scales in order to welcome Canadians and the people from The rebirth of existing but underutilized cultural facilities around the world to Toronto; and new facilities along the urban spine. Strengthen the connections between the waterfront and the Celebration of the waterfront gateway function of Lake city through historically and /or culturally significant Shore Boulevard/Kingston Road corridor through corridors; development applications, re-development initiatives, Support artistic and cultural expression in new buildings, streetscape improvements, new signage, public art and new infrastructure, in urban ecological processes and in festivals. green and open spaces; and Develop a continuous waterfront trail from Marie Curtis Create public spaces for people to gather and interact, Park to Rouge Beach Park using Lake Shore Boulevard/ express themselves, for celebration, learning, discovery and Kingston Road corridor, the Urban Spine, where water’s remembrance. edge access is neither feasible nor practical.

21 CYCLING ON LAKESHORE ROAD AT MIMICO CREEK, C. 1907

22 NATURAL CORRIDORS AND BIRTHPLACES

AERIAL VIEW OF THE MIMICO CREEK BRIDGE

23 NATURAL CORRIDORS AND BIRTHPLACES

In addition to the two cultural landscape corridors which were identified in Canada’s Urban Waterfront, there are several significant rivers in the east and west areas of the waterfront. They are key points of intersection between the city and its waterfront that form a key role in the ecology of the city and its watersheds. These natural corridors bring the fascination with water up from the lakefront into the city, through neighborhoods, streets and parks making the FIG. 10 connection of Toronto to its waterfront obvious and inevitable.

They represent the natural environment in an urban setting and underscore a balance that is essential for the establishment of a sense of place. Many of these natural corridors have helped to define, redefine and shape the City’s evolution throughout the past 200 years of European settlement and even much earlier with the centuries of aboriginal settlement. Many of initial places of settlement were strategically located within or near these corridors – the largest of the aboriginal settlements like Teiaiagon on the Humber or FIG. 12 FIG. 11 Ganatsekwyagon on the Rouge, the earliest French settlements at the mouth of the Humber, or the English settlements near the mouth of the Don. The Humber River has been designated as a Canadian Heritage River.

Most of the natural corridors, like the majority of the 46 kilometers of Toronto’s waterfront, are publicly owned. Much of the contiguous FIG. 13 shoreline is also public but in many cases a straightforward linking along this shoreline is not possible. The water’s edge and the Lake Shore Boulevard/Kingston Road corridor can work together however to provide a distinct public realm, a strategy for public access with reference points for defining the City’s cultural and heritage opportunities on the waterfront, its places for recreation and attraction, its places for celebration, its places for ecological renewal FIG. 14 FIG. 15 and its places for protection of waterfront communities. FIG. 10 CONTEMPORARY VIEW OF THE ROUGE VALLEY FIG. 11 PEOPLE GATHERING ALONG THE HUMBER RIVER FIG. 12 ENLARGEMENT FROM EARLY FRENCH MAP 1657 FIG. 13 7!4%2&/7, ,!+%/.4!2)/ FIG.14 BRIDGE OVER HUMBER RIVER FIG. 15 ENLARGEMENT FROM EARLY FRENCH MAP 1657

24 NATURAL CORRIDORS AND BIRTHPLACES OG RIVER ROUGE G ANATSEKWYAGON IHADCREEK HIGHLAND UBRRIVER HUMBER TEIAIAGON IIOCREEK MIMICO ROUSSEAU IS ALAETSITE PARLIAMENT FIRST G RIO CREEK ARRISON O RIVER DON T TBCK CREEK ETOBICOKE ’ SHOUSE W FYORK OF OWN OTROUILLE FORT OTYORK FORT

BIRTHPLACES ABORIGINAL SETTLEMENT: TEIAIAGON AND GANATSEKWYAGON 18 TH CENTURY FRENCH TRADE: ROUSSEAU’SHOUSE AND FORT ROUILLE 18 TH CENTURY ENGLISH SETTLEMENT: FORT YORK, OLD TOWN OF YORK AND FIRST PARILAMENT SITE

25 PRIVATE HOMES AT WOODBINE BEACH IN THE 1860’S

26 WATERFRONT COMMUNITIES

CONTEMPORARY VIEW ACROSS MIMICO TOWARDS HUMBERBAY PARK

27 WATERFRONT COMMUNITIES

Toronto’s waterfront comprises more than 20 distinct residential communities. In many cases, these communities were initially established as separate geopolitical districts that over time have been subsumed into what is now known as the City of Toronto. Others, particularly those east of Victoria Park, assumed names that reflect the respective community’s connection with the waterfront or the local topography i.e. Cliffside, Birchcliff, The Bluffs, Guildwood

FIG. 16 Village. Many of these smaller communities, now referred to as neighborhoods, use festivals and other cultural events to help celebrate and preserve the local community’s character.

Waterfront communities play a unique role in the life of the waterfront. Unlike public open spaces or the public attractions that

FIG. 17 FIG. 18 draw crowds for play and recreation, the waterfront communities, as stable residential areas, have a level of containment and a need for privacy – the need to not be overrun. They create areas of interest and diversity on the waterfront. Most waterfront communities represent older villages or settlements and each tells a different story.

In developing and nurturing the cultural and heritage resources of Toronto’s waterfront it is necessary to balance public needs – those of FIG. 19 the local residential communities and those of the larger public - and to define a public realm for interaction and activity that benefits all.

FIG. 20

FIG. 16 PARKDALE WATERFRONT LANDUSES AND FEATURES OF THE 1890’S FIG. 17 A HAPPY COUPLE FROM YEARS GONE BY FIG. 18 SNOWMAN IN GUILDWOOD VILLAGE, WINTER 2000 FIG. 19 COLLAGE OF COMMUNITIES SURROUNDING HIGH PARK FIG. 20 ABOARD THE FREE BATHING FERRY "ELSIE”, 1917 FIG.21 GUILDWOOD VILLAGE COMMUNITY BUILT IN THE LATE 1950’S

FIG. 20

28 WATERFRONT COMMUNITIES IHADCREEK HIGHLAND OG HILL ROUGE ETROUGE WEST OTUNION PORT ETHILL WEST ULWO VILLAGE GUILDWOOD CROOG VILLAGE SCARBOROUGH UBRBAY HUMBER IET VILLAGE LIBERTY IHPARK HIGH SWANSEA RIVERDALE LESLIEVILLE LF CREST CLIFF P ST ARKDALE CORKTOWN . LAWRENCE MIMICO CLIFFSIDE BIRCHCLIFF B CROOBEACH SCARBORO E BEACH KEW LYBEACH ALMY HARBOURFRONT OGBRANCH LONG T E TORONTO NEW RNOISLANDS ORONTO

29 WEST TO EAST LONG BRANCH - LIBRARY ST. AGNES - LONG BRANCH HUMBER COLLEGE THE ASSEMBLY HALL

NEW TORONTO BRANCH - LIBRARY ST. MARGARET - NEW TORONTO MIMICO LIBRARY THEATRE

MIMICO BRANCH - LIBRARY LAKE SHORE STUDIOS UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF DANCE

SWANSEA COMMUNITY RECREATION CENTRE VILLAGE PLAYHOUSE - BACKSPACE UKRAINIAN CANADIAN ART

FOUNDATION HIGH PARK COLBORNE LODGE HIGH PARK AMPHITHEATRE

HOLY FAMILY COMMUNITY CENTRE PARKDALE ARTS AND CULTURAL CENTRE - GALLERY 1313 WEST WING ART SPACE

V. MACDONNELL GALLERY MASARYK-COWAN COMMUNITY RECREATION CENTRE PARKDALE LIBRARY - AUDITORIUM

EXHIBITION PLACE LIBERTY GRAND MEDIEVAL TIMES QUEEN ELIZABETH THEATRE NATIONAL TRADE CENTRE

STANLEY BARRACKS 60 ATLANTIC AVENUE CANADIAN FILM DISTRIBUTION CENTRE ONTARIO PLACE

ATLANTIS THEATRE CINESPHERE MOLSON AMPITHEATRE FORT YORK ST. ANDREW'S-BY-THE-LAKE CHURCH

ARCADIA HOUSING CO-OP AND GALLERY COFTM TORONTO MUSIC GARDEN WALTER CARSEN CENTRE

HARBOUR GALLERY GIBRALTER POINT CENTRE FOR THE ARTS SKYDOME

JOHN STREET ROUNDHOUSE AKA CP ROUND HOUSE STEAM WHISTLE BREWING HARBOURFRONT CENTRE

BRIGANTINE ROOM MOLSON PLACE LAKESIDE TERRACE STUDIO THEATRE YORK QUAY GALLERY

PREMIERE DANCE THEATRE POWER PLANT DU MAURIER THEATRE TORONTO STAR HARRIS INNUIT

ST. LAWRENCE MARKET MARKET GALLERY CINESPACE LORRAINE KIMSA THEATRE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE

NATHAN COHEN STUDIO SUSAN DOUGLAS RUBES THEATRE BERKELEY STREET

BERKELEY STREET THEATRE DOWNSTAIRS BERKELEY STREET THEATRE UPSTAIRS CANADIAN OPERA COMPANY

IMPERIAL OIL OPERA THEATRE JACKMAN STUDIO ENOCH TURNER SCHOOLHOUSE

30 WATERFRONT CULTURAL FACILITIES FIFTH STREET GALLERY AND STUDIO GEORGE BROWN COLLEGE - KING STREET CAMPUS

ST. LAWRENCE COMMUNITY RECREATION CENTRE ELEVATOR GOODERHAM AND WORTS - THE DISTILLERY

DISTRICT RIVERSIDE GALLERY FREEDOM STUDIOS INC. JIMMIE SIMPSON RECREATION CENTRE

GALLERY 888 - THE ELIZABETH RUSS GALLERY APPLAUSE ALEPH NULL RALPH THORNTON CENTRE

OPERA HOUSE CELTIC DANCE CENTRE GALLERY ONE 2 ONE ST JOSEPH PARISH HALL CINEVILLAGE

TORONTO FILM STUDIOS MAPLE LEAF COTTAGE FIRE DEPARTMENT - MUSEUM KHROME GALLERY

S.H. ARMSTRONG COMMUNITY RECREATION CENTRE BELLEFAIR UNITED CHURCH BEACHES RECREATION CENTRE

BALMY BEACH R.C. HARRIS FILTRATION PLANT JUTEN TAYLOR MEMORIAL LIBRARY

BIRCH CLIFF UNITED CHURCH WON STUDIO BIRCHMOUNT PARK COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE

BIRCHMOUNT COMMUNITY CENTRE BLUFFS GALLERY HARRISON ESTATE ROSETTA MCCLAIN GARDENS

CLIFFCREST COMMUNITY CENTRE STAGE DOOR THEATRE CLIFFCREST UNITED CHURCH

OASSIS PLACE - BANQUET HALL SCARBOROUGH VILLAGE THEATRE MOMIJI CENTRE MASARYK MEMORIAL

INSTITUTE INC. - CZECH AND SLOVAK CULTURAL CENTRE SIR WILFRID LAURIER COLLEGIATE

INSTITUTE CEDAR RIDGE CREATIVE CENTRE MAIN BUILDING THE GUILD

GUILD 191 STUDIO GUILD COTTAGE/STUDIO GUILD GARDENS THE GUILD INN

MORNINGSIDE LIBRARY ST. ANNE'S ORTHODOX UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO -SCARBOROUGH CAMPUS

LEIGHA LEE BROWN THEATRE THE GALLERY WEST HILL UNITED CHURCH HERON PARK

HIGH LAND CREEK BRANCH ST. JOSEPH'S CHURCH - HIGHLAND CREEK MORRISH STORE

TALL PINES PORT UNION BRANCH - LIBRARY PORT UNION COMMUNITY CENTRE WEST ROUGE

31 CULTURAL FACILITIES ALONG THE URBAN SPINE

Existing cultural facilities are the tangible representation of Toronto’s level of support for serving the cultural needs of its citizens. The cultural facilities that populate Toronto’s waterfront have a multitude of purposes and they can be grouped into four different categories.

Showcase facilities – cultural facilities that function as key tourist destinations and attractions – these are primarily located in the central waterfront area. FIG. 22 FIG. 23 Cultural Hubs – cultural facilities that tend to be community driven and nurture cultural activities at the local level – many are located in the west and east sections of the waterfront.

Incubators – cultural facilities that provide support for the artists of the city – they are rare along the waterfront. The noted exception in this regard is the Gibraltar Point Centre for the Arts on the Toronto Island.

Cultural Memory Sites – facilities and/or sites that provide support for culture as a heritage resource – they are spread along the waterfront and include The Assembly Hall and the Guild.

Many cultural facilities lie in proximity to the Lake Shore Boulevard/Kingston Road Corridor. Rarely are they perceived as having this connection; the potential to be aligned along the waterfront, or the potential for bridging between communities within

FIG. 24 the recently amalgamated city.

FIG. 22 THE ASSEMBLY HALL FIG. 23 SUNNYSIDE BATHING PAVILION FIG. 24 GREEK AMPHITHEATRE AT THE GUILD INN FIG. 25 “SOLCTICE” AT THE GUILD INN

FIG. 25

32 WATERFRONT CULTURAL FACILITIES . PA ONSRE CORRIDOR STREET JOHN LAETCORRIDOR RLIAMENT J Y RI CORRIDOR ARVIS NECORRIDOR ONGE

CULTURAL FACILITIES

SHOWCASE

CULTURAL HUB

INCUBATOR

CULTURAL MEMORY

33 NEXT STEPS THE IMMEDIATE NEXT STEPS. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT:

1. THIS REPORT BE FORWARDED TO THE CITY’S WATERFRONT REFERENCE GROUP.

2. THIS REPORT BE FOWARDED TO THE TORONTO WATERFRONT REVITALIZATATION CORPORATION FOR INFORMATION.

3. THIS REPORT BE CIRCULATED TO THE WATERFRONT COMMUNITIES AND TO THE EXISTING CULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS ALONG THE EAST AND WEST WATERTFRONTS TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL FOR PRIVATE AND PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS WHICH WILL STRENGTHEN THE IDENTIFIED CULTURAL AND HERITAGE INFRASTRUCTURE.

4. THIS REPORT BE CIRCULATED TO OTHER MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENTS TO SUPPORT THE INITIATIVES DIRECTED AT REURBANIZING THE LAKE SHORE BOULEVARD AND KINGSTON ROAD ARTERIAL CORRIDORS AND INVESTING IN THE URBAN SPINE.

34 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS THE FOLLOWING RECOMMENDATIONS OFFER A FRAMEWORK FOR WATERFRONT PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY ANY PRIVATE OR PUBLIC SECTOR ENTITY.

1. THE CITY OF TORONTO SHOULD WORK WITH OTHER LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT AND WITH PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN SPINE AND THE CULTURAL CORRIDORS AND CULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES IDENTIFIED IN THIS REPORT.

2. THE WATERFRONT SHOULD CONSIST OF A WIDE AND DIVERSE RANGE OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR TOURISTS AND RESIDENTS TO EXPERIENCE CULTURE, HERITAGE AND ENTERTAINMENT THROUGH A NETWORK OF PERFORMANCE SPACES, GATHERING PLACES AND CULTURAL LANDMARKS.

3. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESOURCES AND PARTNERSHIPS SHOULD BE COMMITTED TO HIGHLIGHT TORONTO’S UNIQUE PAST AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO CANADIAN HERITAGE. THE WATERFRONT IS THE BASIS FOR UNDERSTANDING OUR PAST, TELLING THE STORIES OF OUR DIVERSE CULTURAL COMMUNITIES AND THE SOCIAL COHESION IN TORONTO THAT HAS CREATED A NATIONAL MODEL OF CIVIC IDENTITY FOR 21ST CENTURY URBAN CANADA.

4. A COMPREHENSIVE HERITAGE INTERPRETATION PLAN SHOULD PROMOTE TORONTO’S UNIQUE SOCIAL COHESION AND FOSTER AN UNDERSTANDING OF CANADA’S DIVERSE CULTURAL COMMUNITIES, INCLUDING THEIR SHARED HERITAGE FROM ABORIGINAL TIMES THROUGH SUCCESSIVE WAVES OF NEWCOMERS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO TORONTO’S CULTURAL LIFE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.

5. RECOGNIZED HERITAGE PROPERTIES, CULTURAL LANDSCAPES AND POTENTIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES SHOULD BE IDENTIFIED AND MANAGED AS IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION. THE CITY OF TORONTO SHOULD IMPLEMENT A FULL MENU OF INCENTIVES TO ENCOURAGE PRIVATE SECTOR STEWARDS OF HERITAGE PROPERTIES TO MAINTAIN AND CONSERVE THEM.

6. THE CITY OF TORONTO SHOULD LEAD BY EXAMPLE TO FOSTER APPROPRIATE AND MORE EFFECTIVE USE OF HERITAGE RESOURCES THROUGH THE RESPONSIBLE CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE, AND PRESENTATION OF PUBLICLY OWNED HERITAGE PROPERTIES ON THE WATERFRONT.

7. THE UNIQUE ROLE OF THE WATERFRONT COMMUNITIES IN THE LIFE OF THE WATERFRONT NEEDS TO RECOGNIZED AND BALANCED IN FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC REALM.

35 METHODOLOGY

BOYS IN THE HUMBER RIVER AT LAMBTON BRIDGE C. 1911

36 APPENDIX I

The Culture Division provided impetus for this report by holding two waterfront workshops with the cultural and heritage communities. The workshops were held in the east and west ends of the city in the fall of 2002.

This report was developed following directly on the ideas, directions and on-going work of the workshop participants. Draft versions of the report were presented to a staff committee in the Culture Division for review and circulation. The consultant team also met Workshop participants include: Thelma Amos, Lynne Atkinson, with stakeholders, including the workshop attendees and others. Ulana Baluk, Anne Bermonte, Karen Black, Anne Brokelman, Margaret Chan, Anne Christian, Rita Davies, Denise Dickin,Paul The consultant team for the project included Anne Bermonte from D’Aoust, S hirley Duffy, Marjut Dunker, Karin Eaton, Philip Urban Intelligence and from ERA Architects, Michael McClelland Evans, Larry Field, Nancy Gaffney, Glenn Garwood, Denise and Philip Evans. Gendron, Karen Harris, Sean Harvey, John Hooiveld, Tod Hunter, Dorsey James, Irene Jones, Marsha Kelmans, Lynne Kurylo, Sai- The consultant team would like to thank all of the workshop Man Lam, Wendy Lilly, Mike Lipowski, David Leinster, Lorna participants and give special thanks to Karen Black and Lynne Livey, Doris McCarthy, Christine McCaw, Michael McClelland, Kurylo from the Culture Division; Jeff Evenson, Executive Vice Christine McIvor, Neil Melman, Donna Milovanovic, Ron Moeser, President of the Canadian Urban Institute; Gary Wright and Ted Wayne Morgan, Lionel Purcell, Tina Rasmussen, Wayne Reeves, Tyndorf from Urban Development Services, Glenn Garwood from Paul Ronan, Alex Semeniuk, John Stafford, Steven Stamatyades, the Culture Division and Wayne Reeves from the Parks and Ted Tyndorf, Debbie Wagdin, Anthony Watanabe, Lin Whitman, Recreation Division for their kind assistance. and Gary Wright.

37 WEST CHARRETTE: THE ASSEMBLY HALL Notes from the West District Workshop held on December 4, 2002 at Natural phenomenon such as Hurricane Hazel and planned changes the Lakeshore Assembly Hall, including notes from speakers and such as the reshaping of Etobicoke Creek to flow directly into Lake from the breakout groups. Ontario have made major changes to the landscape abutting the waterfront and the area’s natural corridors. Rita Davies, Economic Development, Culture and Tourism: Bringing together the two sides of the Humber River to create a Building on the waterfront infrastructure plan for the western portion better sense of Humber Bay might be an opportunity in this exercise. of the City’s waterfront. Long Branch was a Summer Resort Community in the 1880’s. South Etobicoke has a strong and rich waterfront heritage, the New Toronto, north of Lake Shore, has an industrial legacy. challenges and opportunities along Toronto’s western waterfront are different from the central and eastern waterfronts. Other focal points in the community that have been reinvented or The City, working with members of local communities, needs to reanimated include: the 1880’s Mimico Asylum which has been examine how to flow connections locally and across 46 kms of transformed into Col. Sam Smith Park, the Lakeshore Assembly and waterfront. Humber College.

Michael McClelland, ERA Architects Inc.: Gary Wright, Urban Development Services: Council adopted the central waterfront plan but also asked about the The western waterfront has experienced major residential western and eastern parts of Toronto’s waterfront. development over the past 10 years. Need to recognize and examine natural corridors (i.e. Humber River, A key planning principle of the redevelopment is the commitment to Don River, Garrison Creek) and cultural corridors (i.e. John Street ensure public access to the waterfront. and Yonge Street). A large tract of Etobicoke’s waterfront is privately owned. Toronto’s waterfront is very diverse and contains a number of The challenge is to continue the waterfront trail west from Marina opportunities including built sites such as the Assembly Hall site that Del Rey to Marie Curtis Park. This project is being managed by the is city owned and other public held lands such as the port lands east Toronto Regional Conservation Authority, which is negotiating of the Don River. easements with property owners. Under the new official plan Lake Shore Blvd is designated as an Wayne Reeves, Economic Development, Culture and Tourism: Avenue and therefore streetfront development will be mixed use with Toronto’s western waterfront, particularly the Humber River, has a retail at grade and condos above. strong French and aboriginal history. The streetcar line along Lake Shore is recognized as an asset. A key Settlements along the waterfront have resulted in four key patterns of issue, however, is the low usage of the line compared to other lines in change: reshaping the environment, building communities, and the City. creating focal points, pathways and grids. In the west examples of reshaping the environment include the creation of the breakwalls along the western beaches with are unique to Toronto’s waterfront. Threats to former residential and recreational uses of the waterfront include access to transportation and new entertainment venues (Harbourfront and downtown).

38 APPENDIX II Glenn Garwood, Economic Development, Culture and Tourism: Group 2: The Assembly Hall is an excellent example of the City’s commitment Area doesn’t contain Showcases or Incubator type facilities. to the reuse of city-owned facilities. The groundswell support from Area is becoming a hub for new media activity. the community resulted in its preservation and re-adaptation into a Need to market and promote the area. multi-use community space. The area’s demographics, which include Focus on the diversity of the area’s demographics. a high percentage of artists and arts supporters, helped to justify the Need more activities in City parks (i.e. arts programming). $4.1 million investment spent on refurbishing the building. The Connect north/south corridors with arts based projects. Assembly Hall is home to a number of arts groups including City to help with city owned incubators. Lakeshore Arts and Arts Etobicoke and is intended to function as a Encourage greater involvement and support from local business community catalyst and resource. community. Encourage partnerships with other groups outside the area to come to Results from the Breakout Groups: the area (i.e. Music Toronto and LKTYP’s Theatre School). Group 1: Examine how tax breaks can spur revitalization in the area. Extension of the waterfront trail is a priority. Convert the Power House into a family oriented 4 season use facility. Limited access to Parking is a major issue for users of the Assembly Hall. Group 3: Position Humber College as a cultural hub. The following were identified as the area’s strengths: Greater need for promotion, marketing and programming support Recognize the Humber River as a natural cultural and heritage and resources. corridor (First Nations, French) and strengthen the trails. A disconnect exists between infrastructure and programming support Consider developing the following into cultural corridors: (need resources to produce, present and promote local events). Roncevalles, South Kingsway, Royal York, Kipling and Lake Shore Coordination of local events is required. Blvd. Need more family programming. Community cultural clusters include: Black Creek/York University, Strengthen links with existing arts groups throughout the city i.e. Franklin Carmichael Centre, Montgomery Inn, former Goodyear Film Festival, Harbourfront. site. Need to breakdown the perception that the western waterfront is Intersections: identify and promote views to the city and views from isolated and distant. the Gardiner Expressway. Existing initiatives are threatened due to lack of infrastructure i.e. the The following were identified as the area’s opportunities: Santa Clause Parade needs storage and warehouse space. Motel strip as a thriving film shoot area. Local retail businesses require support. Lake Shore Blvd as a common link or corridor through the How will new development of cultural facilities in other parts of communities. Etobicoke complement or detract from South Etobicoke (i.e. Central Break the silos in the community. Etobicoke Plan). Are there other links that can tie the waterfront together i.e. the Recognize, engage and celebrate local historical landmarks . waterfront trail, bicycle lanes, wider sidewalks, bridges. Support for smaller developments and storefront developments.

39 EAST CHARRETTE: SCARBOROUGH CIVIC CENTRE Notes from the East District Workshop held on December 10, 2002 The Beaches was a set of lake front communities that lay between at the Scarborough Civic Centre, including notes from speakers and Woodbine and Victoria Park. from the breakout groups. The grounds of the R.C. Harris Filtration Plant was always designed to be open to the public. Councilor Ron Moeser: Streetcar service existed along Kingston Road until 1906. Important to look at linkages such as Rouge River to Port Union Marine Heritage is an important part of the eastern waterfront – Need to protect local heritage. shipwrecks were common since no natural mooring exists along the Serves on board of Toronto Region Conservation Authority Bluffs. Balance heritage and linkages use (i.e. the Bluffs). Guild Inn contains a collection of Historic Architecture. Interested in developing a waterfront trail from the Rouge to the Bluffs end at East Point. central waterfront. Railways cut off waterfront in the far eastern area. Discussed the Port Union development area where industrial buildings are being readapted for a variety of uses including arts use. Ted Tyndorf from Urban Development Services: Discussed Kingston Road as the continuation of Lake Shore Blvd and Wayne Reeves, Economic Development, Culture and Tourism: as a connector road. Old Lake Iroquois existed in the southern part of the former City of Discussed that Kingston Road has been designated as an avenue in Scarborough. the City’s Official Plan and as such is targeted for mixed use Change is the result of the following: development. Reshaping the environment Would like to see streetcars reintroduced along Kingston Road. Shaping communities Very little opportunity for development along the waterfront because Creating focal points of the Bluffs. Creation of pathways and grids Low level areas, however, do provide redevelopment opportunities. Bluffs are the highest point on Lake Ontario at 300 feet Discussed the possibility of extending the waterfront trail east from above lake level. Port Union to the Rouge River and west to the Bluffs and beyond. Railway on Port Union has defined how individuals Redevelopment activity in Port Union includes live/work space. interact with the Lake. The Conservation Authority began new focal points in the 1970’s Glenn Garwood, Economic Development, Culture and Tourism: through its lakefilled parks. Guild Inn was built by Rosa and Spencer Clark who modeled it on Bluffers Park and the grounds of the R.C. Harris Filtration Plant are the Roycroft which was a hub for the arts and crafts movement. examples of focal points or community points of interest and Spencer was a renaissance man with key contacts in the arts and intersection. science. Highland Creek and the Rouge River are natural focal During the Depression Spencer invited artist friends to live in the points. cottages. The area also has conceptual barriers such as the change in During World War II the Guild Inn was requisitioned to serve as an topography from the flat beach at Victoria Park to the Bluffs. army hospital. The grid system in Scarborough is oriented north/south blocks. The 1950s boom displaced some of the arts activities and during. A number of historical sites and buildings exist along the waterfront Spencer’s dying years, he sold it to TRCA who then sold it to Metro as one moves from west to east: Hunt Club, St.. Augustine’s The hotel on the property is at the end of its economic life. Seminary, Bluffers Park, Guild Inn, Port Union and the Rouge River. The City of Toronto has issued a tender for the redevelopment of the site and for a commercial operator. 40 APPENDIX III Results from the Breakout Groups: Opportunities: Reintroduce the streetcar along Kingston Road. Group 1: Danforth Road is an important heritage route. Strengths: Highlight the historic homes in the area and the history of the Beauty of the Bluffs, the Guild, murals along Kingston Road subdivision plans. Opportunities: Look at introducing water taxis to move people between downtown The walking trail from Guild Inn to Bluffers Park (consider naming and the Bluffs. it in honor of Doris McCarthy). Need to generate tourism traffic to Guild Inn and neighboring August 4th Festival. heritage sites. Education Opportunities to engage Kingston Road Schools. Rebirth of the Guild Inn of All the Arts. Group 3: Cedar Ridge and improving Transportation. Highland Creek Trail Iraqi Kite Festival. Need to extend/connect/promote Build on the existing event at the Guild Inn entitled Art Naturally at R.C. Harris Filtration Plant the Guild. Create Programming opportunities such as the Jazz Draw on the various cultures that exist in the area. Festival. Find out about the families who live along the waterfront. Threats include parking and a large draw. Threats: Birchmount Garbage and Cars especially in Bluffers Park. Swimming pool. Skating rink. Group 2: Birchcliff arts mile revitalization opportunity (how to link Strengths: and promote). Develop interpretative trails. Harrison Estate Park (Scarborough Arts Council site) Connect modes and sites along the waterfront. Strike balance between reuse of existing building and Identify and link the natural and built features along the waterfront. sensitivity to the raw nature of the Bluffs. Increase promotion and look at promotion opportunities. Animate parkland through programming and arts uses. Natural connection north along Rouge Park to the Zoo. Bluffers Park Connection to U of T and Highland Creek. Accessible by foot. Celebrate the topography of the waterfront and the fact that the Traffic problems on Brimley to the waterfront (don’t Bluffs are the highest point on Lake Ontario. aggravate). Public transportation and Go Stations are very important. Perhaps consider a water solution with linkages to other Weaknesses: parts of the waterfront. Neighborhoods developed via transit related initiatives which ignores Butterfly route at Bluffers Park. the waterfront. Guild Inn Other connections from Highland Creek to Port Union. Isolated could be viewed as both a weakness and a Lacking interpretative features (i.e. history of transportation in the strength. area). Natural setting is a strength. Existing activities, events, locations need to be promoted. A continuation of Highland Creek Trail.

41 CREDITS %2!!2#()4%#43 FIG. 13 “WATERFOWL, LAKE ONTARIO” PAGE 34 “CANOE, 2014” PAGE 35 “BREAKWATER, 2014” PAGE 43 “WATER, 2014”

BLACKHOLE: CONSERVATION ENVIRONMENT ECOSYSTEMS FIG. 11, 14 FIG. 12, 15 ENLARGEMENTS FROM EARLY FRENCH MAP “NOVAE FRANCIAE ACCURATA DELINEATIO”, 1657

CITY OF TORONTO ARCHIVES PAGE 16 “BOARDWALK AT THE SCARBORO’ BEACH AMUSEMENT PARK, C. 1910”, FONDS 1244, ITEM 161 PAGE 20 “SHOOTING THE CHUTES AT SCARBORO’ BEACH AMUSEMENT PARK, C. 1907”, FONDS 1244, ITEM 162 PAGE 22 “CYCLING ON LAKE SHORE ROAD AT MIMICO CREEK, C. 1907”, FONDS 1244, ITEM 206 PAGE 31 "ROWBOAT", PHOTO: WILLIAM JAMES, 1910 FONDS 1244, ITEM 3566 PAGE 36 "BOYS IN THE HUMBER RIVER AT LAMBTON BRIDGE, C. 1911”, SC 2448163

FIG. 6 COLBORNE LODGE, FONDS 1231, ITEM 0087 FIG. 16 ISLAND HOUSING, FONDS 1244, ITEM 6008 FIG. 20 “ABOARD THE FREE BATHING FERRY ‘ELSIE’, AUGUST 1, 1917” SC 548-3-14348

ERA ARCHITECTS INC. FRONT COVER, PAGES 5, 10, 15, 19, 25, 29, 33 FIGS. 2, 19 BY PHILIP EVANS

CULTURE DIVISION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CULTURE AND TOURISM DEPARTMENT PAGES 26, 42 COURTESY OF WAYNE REEVES PAGE 33 ASSISTANCE BY JACK BROWN FIGS. 17, 25 COURTESY OF WAYNE REEVES RAY RENAUD

HANS BOLDT & SYLVANA GRISONICH-BOLDT : PAGE i FIGS. 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 18, 21, 22, 24 PRINTED BY NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF CANADA PAGE 6 “BOYS EXPLORING THE WATER’S EDGE AT SUNNYSIDE, 1928” PA 088011

MARY CAMPBELL AND BABARA MYRVOLD, THE BEACH IN PICTURES, 1793-1932 (TORONTO: TORONTO PUBLIC LIBRARY) PAGE 30 “BALMY BEACH CLUB C. 1905”

ROBERT R. BONIS, A HISTORY OF SCARBOROUGH, (SCARBOROUGH PUBLIC LIBRARY, 1968) PAGE 12 “LOOKING NORTH FROM SCARBOROUGH BLUFFS, CLIFFSIDE AREA, TOWARDS KINGSTON ROAD, 1962”

TORONTO PORT AUTHORITY FIG. 23 “SUNNYSIDE BATHING PAVILION, 1922”, PC 1/2/58

TORONTO PUBLIC LIBRARY FIG. 8 “GRENADIER POND IN HIGH PARK C. 1910”, PC 2771

URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPARTMENT PAGE 8 COURTESY OF TED TYNDORF PAGES 4, 13, 17, 23, 27 COURTESY OF GARY WRIGHT

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