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JAINISM (जैन धर्म) • Doctrine • Sects/ Schools • Literature

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JAINISM (जैन धर्म) • Doctrine • Sects/ Schools • Literature • Life of Mahavira JAINISM (जैन धर्म) • Doctrine • Sects/ Schools • Literature Ambitious Baba Channel on • Origin: र्ूल: • जनै धर् म उतना ही पुराना है • Jainism is as old as Vedic Religion जजतना कि वैदिि धर्म • 24 Person propagated Jainism • २४ व्यजतत ने जैन धर्म िा प्रचार • Jain = Jena = Conquered किया • Great Teachers = Tirthankars • जैन = जेना = ववजय प्राप्त st • 1 = Rishabhanath/ Rishabhdev = • र्हान शिक्षि = तीर्थंिर Bull • पहला = ऋषभनार्थ/ ऋषभिेव = rd • 23 = Parshvanath (born in बैल Varansai)= Serpent • २३वा車 = पार्शवमनार्थ( वाराणसाई र्ᴂ th • 24 = Mahavira = Lion जन्र्) = नाग • २४वा車 = र्हावीर= शस車ह Early Life of Vardhaman Mahavira वधमर्ान र्हावीर िा प्रार車शभि जीवन • Born = 543 BC • Place = Kundangram at Vaishali • जन्र् = 543 ई.पू • Father = Siddhartha (Head of Jnatrika • स्र्थान = वैिाली र्ᴂ ि車ु िनग्रार् Clan) • वपता = शस饍धार्थम (ज्ञानत्रिि व車ि • Mother – Trishala (Sister of Lichchhavi िे र्ुखिया) Chief Chetaka) • र्ाता - त्रििला (शल楍छवी प्रर्ुि • Wife – Yasoda चेति िी बहन) • Daughter – Anojja Priyadarsana • प配नी - यिोिा st • Son-in- law – Jamali – 1 Disciple • पुिी – अनोजा वप्रयििमन • िार्ाि - जर्ाली - पहला शिष्य • At the age of 30 he left home in the search of Truth (Diksha) • He was accompanied by Makkhali Gosala but later left him and founded Ajivika Sect • 30 साल िी उम्र र्ᴂ उन्हⴂने स配य (िीक्षा) िी तलाि र्ᴂ घर छो蔼 दिया उनिे सार्थ र्तिली गोिाला भी र्थे, लेकिन बाि र्ᴂ उन्हⴂने उन्हᴂ छो蔼 दिया और आजजवविा स車प्रिाय िी स्र्थापना िी Kaivalaya : िैवलया : • For 12 years he travelled • 12 साल ति उन्हⴂने ब蔼े extensively पैर्ाने पर यािा िी • He took bath in River Rijapalika • उन्हⴂने ररजापाशलिा निी (Jimbhikagram) (जज車भीिाग्रार्) र्ᴂ स्नान किया • & Meditated under Sal Tree • साल ट्री िे नीचे और ध्यान • At the age of 42, he attained • 42 वषम िी आयु र्ᴂ उन्हⴂने Kevala Jana िेवला जन प्राप्त किया There after he was called वहा更 िे बाि उसे बुलाया गया र्था • Mahavira (the brave) • र्हावीर( बहािरु ) • Jina/ Jitendriya • जीना/जजतᴂदिय • Arihant (Blessed one) • अररह車त (धन्य एि) • Kevalin (Perfect learned) • िेवशलन (त्रब쥍िु ल सही सीिा) • Nigrantha (Free from all • ननग्र車र्थ (सभी ब車धनⴂ से र्ुतत) bonds) • Sermon : at Pava to 11 Brahman • उपिेि: पावा से ११ ब्रह्र्ा (Ganadharas) (गणधर) • Founded Jain Sangha at Pava • पावा र्ᴂ जनै स車घ िी स्र्थापना िी • Died at 72 at a place called Pavapuri in Mala Pava near Biharsharif in Bihar • 72 साल िी उम्र र्ᴂ त्रबहार र्ᴂ by Self- Starvation त्रबहारिरीफ िे पास र्ाला पावा र्ᴂ पावापुरी नार्ि स्र्थान पर ननधन हो गया • स्व-भुिर्री से Doctrine • Ratna- Triya or 3 Jewels of Jainism 1. Right Faith/ Samyak Sharaddha – Belief in Tithankaras 2. Right Knowledge / Samyak Jnan – Knowledge of Jain creed 3. Right action / Samyak Karma – Practice of 5 vows of Jainism शस饍धा車त • र配न- िय या जैन धर्म िे 3 र配न 1. सम्यि आस्र्था/ सम्यि श्र饍धा – तीर्थिं र र्ᴂ ववर्शवास 2. सम्यि ज्ञान - जैन प車र्थ िा ज्ञान 3. सम्यि िर्म - जैन धर्म िे ५ व्रतⴂ िा अभ्यास Panch Mahavartas प車च र्हावतम • Ahimsa – No Violence : Walk, Talk & • अदह車सा - िोई दह車सा नही車: चलो, eat Carefully बात िरो और ध्यान से िाओ • Satya – Don’t Speak Lie • स配या - झूठ र्त बोलो • Asteya – Don’t Steal • अस्तेय - चोरी र्त िरो • Aparigraha – Don’t acquire property • अपररग्रह - स車पवि िा अधधग्रहण [Top 4 by Prasvnath] न िरᴂ [प्रसवनार्थ 饍वारा िीषम ४] • Brahmacharya (Chasity ) by Mahavira • र्हावीर 饍वाराब्रह्र्चयम (िु饍धध) - – Take simple food सािा भोजन िरᴂ Types of Knowledge 1. Mati Jnan – by normal means of Mind & Sense 2. Shruta Jnan – by signs, symbols, words, hearing & Scriptures 3. Avadhi Jnan – without mind & sense. The person visualize Past, Present & Future 4. Mahaparyaya Jnan – through other living beings 5. Keval Jnan – Realized your own Soul. ज्ञान िे प्रिार र्नत ज्ञान - र्न और इ車दियⴂ िे सार्ान्य र्ाध्यर् से श्रुत ज्ञान - स車िेतⴂ, प्रतीिⴂ, िब्िⴂ, श्रवण और िास्िⴂ 饍वारा by अवधी ज्ञान- त्रबना र्न और इ車दियⴂ िे व्यजतत भूत, वतमर्ान और भववष्य िी ि쥍पना िरता है र्हापयम ज्ञान - अन्य जीववत प्राखणयⴂ िे र्ाध्यर् से िेवल ज्ञान - अपनी आ配र्ा िो र्हसूस किया Preached by Mahavira र्हावीर 饍वारा उपिेि • Mahavira rejected Vedic principles. • र्हावीर नेवैदिि शस饍धा車तⴂ िो िाररज िर दिया • He did not believe in God’s existence. • वह ईर्शवर िे अजस्त配व र्ᴂ ववर्शवास नही車 • He believed in Karma and िरता र्था transmigration of the soul. The body • dies but the soul does not. वह िर्म और आ配र्ा िे स्र्थाना車तरगर्न र्ᴂ ववर्शवास िरते र्थे िरीर र्रता है लेकिन आ配र्ा नही車 • Stressed on equality but did not reject the caste system, unlike • सर्ानता पर जोर दिया लेकिन बौ饍ध Buddhism. धर्म िे ववपरीत जानत व्यवस्र्था िो िाररज नही車 किया Councils : पररषि: 1st Jain Council : 3rd Century (300 BC) पहली जैन पररषि: तीसरी िताब्िी (300 ईसा पूव)म • Place : Pataliputra • Chairman : Sthulabhadra जगह: पाटशलपुि • Patron : Chandragupta Maurya अध्यक्ष: िुलभि • Teaching complied in 12 Angas स車रक्षि: च車िगप्ु त र्ौयम १२ अ車गो र्ᴂ अध्यापन िा पालन किया गया 2nd Jain Council – 5th Century – 512 AD िसू री जनै पररषि - 5वी車 िताब्िी- 512 ईस्वी • Place : Devardhi in Valabhi • Final compilation of 12 Angas & 12 जगह : व쥍लभी र्ᴂ िेववषम Upangas १२ अ車ग और १२ उपा車गⴂ िा अ車नतर् • Jainism into 2: स車िलन ▪ Digamabaras जैन धर्म २ र्ᴂ: ▪ Swetambaras दिग車बरस र्शवेता車बर Digambara : दिग車बर: • Without Dress • Male Monk donot wear clothes while • पोिाि िे त्रबना female monks wear unstitched plain • पु셁ष साधु िप蔼 े नही車 पहनते हℂ white Saree जबकि र्दहला शभक्षु त्रबना शसले • Exponent : Bhadurbahu सफे ि सा蔼ी पहनती हℂ • Believe in all 5 five vows • प्रनतपािि : भािरु बाहु • Believe woman cannot achieve • सभी 5 पा車च प्रनतज्ञाओ車 र्ᴂ liberation ववर्शवास िरᴂ • 4 subsects: • र्ाना नारी र्ुजतत नही車 पा सिती • Mula Sangh, Terapantha, Bisapantha • 4 उपि車ड: & Taranpatha • र्ूल स車घ, तेराप車र्था, त्रबसप車र्थ और तरनपर्थ Swetambara : र्शवेता車बर: • With Dress • पोिाि िे सार्थ • Follow only 4 vows • िेवल 4 प्रनतज्ञाओ車 िा पालन • Exponent : Sthulabhadra िरᴂ • Believe women can achieve • प्रनतपािि: िुलभि: liberation • ववर्शवास िरᴂ कि र्दहलाए車 • Subsects: र्ुजतत प्राप्त िर सिती हℂ • Murtipujka, Sthanakvasi & • उपि車ड: Terapanthi • र्ूनतपम ुजिा, स्र्थानिवासी और तेराप車र्थी Jain Literature जैन सादह配य 1. Agam or Canonical Literature आगर् या ववदहत सादह配य • Sacred books of Jainism जैन धर्म िे पववि ग्र車र्थ • Written in Ardha- Magadhi अधम-र्गधध र्ᴂ शलिा गया है 2. Non- Agam Literature गैर आगर् सादह配य * 14 Purvas/ Paravas – Part of * १४ पूवाम/पवम – १२ अ車गो िा 12 Angas & oldest teaching os दहस्सा और सबसे पुराना शिक्षण Mahavira’s preaching र्हावीर िा उपिेि Other Important Literature • Kalpasutra in Sanskrit by Bahrabahu • Parishista Parvan – by Hemachandra अन्य र्ह配वपूण म सादह配य • बहराबाहु 饍वारा स車स्िृ त र्ᴂ ि쥍पसूि • पररशिष्ठ पवम- हेर्चन्ि . 饍वारा Royal patrons of Jainism जैन धर्म िे िाही स車रक्षि South India िक्षक्षण भारत • Kadamba dynasty • िि車ब राजव車ि • Ganga dynasty • ग車गा राजव車ि • Amoghavarsha • अर्ोघवष म नपृ तु車ग • Kumarapala (Chalukya dynasty) • िु र्ारपाल (चालुतय व車ि) North India उिर भारत • Bimbisara • त्रब車त्रबसार • Ajatasatru • अजातििु • Chandragupta Maurya • च車िगुप्त र्ौयम • Bindusara • त्रबन्िसु ार • Harshavardhana • हषमवधमन • Bindusara • त्रबन्िसु ार • Kharavela • िारवेल Architecture or Monuments वास्तुिला या स्र्ारि 1. Lenya/ Gumphas (Caves) लेन्या/गम्ु फा (गफु ाए車) 2. Statues र्ूनतयम ा車 3. Jinalaya (Temples) जजनालय (र्車दिर) Caves: 1. Ellora Caves (No.30-35), Maharashtra 2. Gajapatha Caves, Maharashtra 3. Mangi Tungi Cave, Maharashtra 4. Sittanavasal Cave , Tamil Nadu 5. Udayagiri- Khandagiri Caves , Odisha 6. Hathi-gumpha Cave, Odisha Statue : 1. Gometeshwar/ Bahubai Statue, Karnataka Jinalaya: 1. Dilawara Temple, Mount Abu 2. Muktagir Temple, Maharashtra 3. Girnar & Palitana Temple, Gujarat .
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