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Diesel) Engines Bioblendstocks with Potential for Decreased Emissions and Improved Operability

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Diesel) Engines Bioblendstocks with Potential for Decreased Emissions and Improved Operability Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines Top 13 Blendstocks Derived from Biomass for Mixing-Controlled Compression-Ignition (Diesel) Engines Bioblendstocks with Potential for Decreased Emissions and Improved Operability Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines Top 13 MCCI Bioblendstocks About the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines Project This is one of a series of reports produced by the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) project, which is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-sponsored multi-agency project that was initiated to accelerate the introduction of affordable, scalable, and sustainable biofuels and high-efficiency, low-emission vehicle engines. The simultaneous fuels and vehicles research and development is designed to deliver maximum energy savings, emissions reduction, and on-road performance. Co-Optima brings together two DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) research offices, nine national laboratories, and numerous industry and academic partners to make improvements to the types of fuels and engines found in most vehicles currently on the road and to develop revolutionary engine technologies for longer-term, higher-impact solutions. This first-of-its-kind project will provide industry with the scientific underpinnings required to move new biofuels and advanced engine systems to market faster while identifying and addressing barriers to commercialization. In addition to the EERE Vehicle Technologies and Bioenergy Technologies Offices, the Co- Optima project team included representatives from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Argonne, Idaho, Lawrence Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos, Oak Ridge, Pacific Northwest, and Sandia National Laboratories. More detail on the project, as well as the full series of reports, can be found at www.energy.gov/fuel-engine-co-optimization. Availability This report is available electronically at no cost from http://www.osti.gov/bridge. Citation Please cite this report as follows: Gaspar, D. J. 2021. Top 13 Blendstocks Derived from Biomass for Mixing-Controlled Compression-Ignition (Diesel) Engines: Bioblendstocks with Potential for Lower Emissions and Increased Operability. PNNL-31421. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. Note This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. government. Neither the U.S. government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. government or any agency thereof. i Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines Top 13 MCCI Bioblendstocks Report Contributors and Roles Lead Author Daniel J. Gaspar, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Contributing Authors Formation and Impacts of Soot on Engine Operation and Engine Testing • Charles J. Mueller, Sandia National Laboratories • Robert L. McCormick, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Jonathan Martin, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Sibendu Som, Argonne National Laboratory • Gina M. Magnotti, Argonne National Laboratory • Jonathan Burton, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Bioblendstock Discovery, Production, and Screening • Derek R. Vardon, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Vanessa L. Dagle, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Teresa L. Alleman, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Nabila A. Huq, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Daniel A. Ruddy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Martha A. Arellano-Trevino, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Alex Landera, Sandia National Laboratories • Anthe George, Sandia National Laboratories • Gina M. Fioroni, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Eric R. Sundstrom, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory • Ethan Oksen, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory • Michael R. Thorson, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Richard T. Hallen, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Andrew J. Schmidt, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Eugene Polikarpov, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Eric Monroe, Sandia National Laboratories • Joey S. Carlson, Sandia National Laboratories • Ryan W. Davis, Sandia National Laboratories • Andrew D. Sutton, Los Alamos National Laboratory • Cameron M. Moore, Los Alamos National Laboratory ii Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines Top 13 MCCI Bioblendstocks • Lelia Cosimbescu, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Karthikeyan K. Ramasamy, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Michael D. Kass, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Analysis • Troy R. Hawkins, Argonne National Laboratory • Avantika Singh, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Andrew Bartling, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Pahola Thathiana Benavides, Argonne National Laboratory • Steve Phillips, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Hao Cai, Argonne National Laboratory • Yuan Jiang, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Longwen Ou, Argonne National Laboratory • Michael Talmadge, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Nicholas Carlson, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • George G. Zaimes, Argonne National Laboratory • Matthew Wiatrowski, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Yunhua Zhu, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Lesley J. Snowden-Swan, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory The authors wish to thank the many additional contributors at the national laboratories, in industry and at academic institutions who performed research and analysis reported herein. iii Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines Top 13 MCCI Bioblendstocks Acknowledgments This research was conducted as part of the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) project sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies and Vehicle Technologies Offices. Co- Optima is a collaborative project of multiple national laboratories initiated to simultaneously accelerate the introduction of affordable, scalable, and sustainable biofuels and high-efficiency, low-emission vehicle engines. The following EERE officials and managers played important roles in establishing the project concept, advancing implementation, and providing ongoing guidance: Michael Berube, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Transportation Bioenergy Technologies Office Valerie Reed, Acting Director Alicia Lindauer, Technology Manager James Spaeth, Program Manager Trevor Smith, Technology Manager Vehicle Technologies Office David Howell, Acting Director Gurpreet Singh, Program Manager Kevin Stork, Technology Manager Mike Weismiller, Technology Manager The national laboratory project management team consisted of: Dan Gaspar, (Technical Monitor), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Anthe George, Sandia National Laboratories Robert McCormick, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Robert Wagner, Oak Ridge National Laboratory iv Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines Top 13 MCCI Bioblendstocks Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms .......................................................................................................x Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... xii 1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose ...............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Background ........................................................................................................................1 1.3 Research Methodology and Approach ...............................................................................2 1.4 Overview of Content ..........................................................................................................3 2 Fuel Properties, Candidate Identification, and Blendstock Screening ...............................4 2.1 Target Fuel Properties ........................................................................................................4 2.1.1 Impacts of Soot on Engine Operation ......................................................................5 2.1.2 Soot Formation in Diesel Combustion .....................................................................6 2.2 Tiered Screening Process to Evaluate Target Values of Critical Fuel Properties ..............8 2.2.1 Prediction Tools .......................................................................................................9 2.2.2 Compatibility Assessment Approach .....................................................................11 2.3 Candidates ........................................................................................................................11 2.4 Screening Results .............................................................................................................13 2.4.1 Merit Table.............................................................................................................13 2.4.2 Infrastructure
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