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Norman Leonard Papers http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8np27rt No online items Finding Aid to the Norman Leonard Papers Finding aid prepared by Labor Archives and Research Center staff; edited by Megan Hickey and Liadan Ryland in 2015. Labor Archives and Research Center San Francisco State University 1630 Holloway Ave San Francisco, CA, 94132-1722 (415) 405-5571 [email protected] 1998, revised 2015 Finding Aid to the Norman larc.ms.00271985/006; 1985/029 1 Leonard Papers Title: Norman Leonard papers Date (inclusive): 1938-1980 Date (bulk): 1945-1960 Collection number: larc.ms.0027 Accession numbers: 1985/006; 1985/029 Repository: Labor Archives and Research Center J. Paul Leonard Library, Room 460 San Francisco State University 1630 Holloway Ave San Francisco, CA 94132-1722 (415) 405-5571 [email protected] Languages: Languages represented in the collection: English. Extent: 219.8 cubic ft. (525 boxes) Location: Collection is available onsite. Creator: Leonard, Norman Abstract: The files of Norman Leonard consist of legal cases brought to court by the law firm on behalf of its clients. For many years he represented the International Longshoreman's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU) and other Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) unions. Over the course of his career he defended Harry Bridges, Communist Party members prosecuted under the Smith Act, conscientious objectors targeted by the Selective Service, and individuals involved in the Free Speech Movement. Publication Rights Copyright has not been assigned to the Labor Archives and Research Center. All requests for permission to publish or quote from materials must be submitted in writing to the Director of the Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Labor Archives and Research Center as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the reader. Access Collection is open for research. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Norman Leonard Papers, larc.ms.0027, Labor Archives and Research Center, San Francisco State University. Material Cataloged Separately Some materials have been removed from the files and are located in the Ephemera Collection of the Labor Archives. Related Archival Materials Collections of Norman Leonard papers are listed at the Bancroft, Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Institute, California State University at Northridge, and the Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research. An oral history with Mr. Leonard conducted by Estolv Ward in 1985 and 1986 is on deposit at the Regional Oral History Office, the Bancroft Library. Acquisition The legal files of Norman Leonard were donated to the Labor Archives and Research Center by Norman Leonard on June 1, 1985, accession numbers 1985/006 and 1985/029. They were boxed by Lynn Bonfield under the guidance of Marjorie Leonard, Norman Leonard's spouse, and taken directly from the Leonards' garage to the Labor Archives. Ten boxes of materials concerning the selective service group of lawyers who helped conscientious objectors have been transferred to the Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Institute in Berkeley, California. An addition of eight additional boxes was donated to the Labor Archives in January, 1986. Processing Information Portions of the Norman Leonard Papers were processed by Labor Archives and Research Center staff; the collection was reprocessed and rehoused in its entirety by Megan Hickey and Liadan Ryland in 2013-2014. Although the order was largely maintained, box numbers have been changed. Arrangement Finding Aid to the Norman larc.ms.00271985/006; 1985/029 2 Leonard Papers The Norman Leonard Papers are divided into four series: Series 1: Harry Bridges Case Files; Series 2: Labor Union Cases and Case Files; Series 3: Civil Liberties Defense Cases; and Series 4: Administrative Records. These series are further subdivided into subseries. Biographical Note Norman Leonard was a labor lawyer who primarily worked on union cases, naturalization and deportation trials, and civil rights trials in the 1930s through 1980s. Norman Leonard was born on February 27th, 1914, to Sam Leonard and Anna Ghinger, in Bronx, New York. Leonard received early exposure to the trials of laborers due to his father, who was a garment worker. During the 1926 International Ladies Garment Worker’s (ILGWU) strike, Leonard’s family moved to Los Angeles, where he graduated from high school in 1929. While in high school he developed an interest in politics, which led him to enter University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1930 as a Political Science major. Leonard’s time at UCLA marked his first major exposure to leftist ideals. He was influenced by two of his professors in particular – Fred Schuckman and Don Piatt, who interested Leonard in unemployment, the need for Social Security, and anti-ROTC campaigns. Leonard graduated from UCLA in 1934, at the same time as the San Francisco General Strike. After a short break from school, Leonard decided to pursue a graduate degree in International Relations. He received a scholarship to study at Columbia, and earned a Master of Arts degree in International Relations and International Law. Leonard then decided he would like to become a professor of International Law, and enrolled in Columbia Law School. While at Columbia Law School, Leonard fell in love with Marjorie Friedman, a fellow law student. After a year of dating Leonard proposed, and the two were married. Marjorie later went on to assist the law firm with research for many landmark cases. At this time Leonard also met Carol King, a lawyer who worked on immigration and naturalization law. Their friendship had a large influence on his career, and played a part in his decision in the 1950s to represent clients in naturalization and deportation cases. In his third year at law school, Leonard began searching New York for a job in a law firm, but without success. Carol King introduced Leonard to the Gladstein law firm in San Francisco, and by 1936 he was hired. In Leonard’s first case with the law firm, he worked on the defense for Harry Bridges in a contempt case in connection with the International Longshoremen’s Association (ILA) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Leonard continued working on labor cases, and built a working relationship with Bridges that would last throughout his career. When the United States became heavily involved in World War II in 1942, Leonard volunteered to be commissioned into the Navy. He served for two years as an ensign in Guadalcanal. Leonard was discharged from the Navy in 1945, and he returned with Marjorie to San Francisco, to practice with Gladstein. From 1946-1948, Leonard represented the American Communications Association (ACA) in hearings before the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). During this time, the Gladstein law firm continued representing Harry Bridges in deportation trials. In 1953, Leonard defended Bridges in his third and final denaturalization trial. Leonard acted as the primary court lawyer defending Bridges, and his defense led to the court ruling in favor of Bridges. In addition to Bridges, Leonard represented many other people during the 1950s for naturalization and deportation cases, fighting to secure citizenship for immigrants and ex-communists. This also led to Leonard traveling to Los Angeles to work with the ACLU for several months defending local leaders of the Communist Party prosecuted under the Smith Act. The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) trials began in the 1940s and carried on to the 1950s, and due to Leonard’s opposition to the trials, he served as chairman for the San Francisco Committee Against HUAC. In connection with the HUAC trials, Leonard also defended clients who refused to take the California State Loyalty Oath. In 1953, Leonard defended Shirley Kremen, who was arrested for harboring what the government termed “Communist fugitives.” The FBI’s search and seizure was ruled unlawful, in violation of the 4th and 5th amendment. The 1940s and 50s also mark the first case Leonard argued in front of the Supreme Court representing the Marine Cooks and Stewards (MCS) in a libel case. Later, a hearing came before the NLRB to put the MCS, Sailor’s Union of the Pacific (SUP), and the Marine Firemen’s Union (MFOW) into one union. Leonard argued that due to racial tensions, it was not possible to merge the MCS with other unions. Leonard also represented MC&S President Hugh Bryson, when he was convicted of perjury for signing an oath stating he was not a communist. In 1955, Bryson was sentenced to two years in prison. Leonard took the case to the Supreme Court in an attempt to have the felony removed from Bryson’s record, but the Supreme Court did not rule in his favor. Leonard continued to defend members, ex-members, and suspected members of the Communist party throughout the 1950s. Among them was Archie Brown, a well-known member of the Communist party, and a member of the ILWU local 10. Under the Taft-Hartley Act, Brown was indicted for serving as an officer of the union while being a member of the Communist party. Leonard and the firm argued the case on the basis of constitutionally, however, the lower court decided they did not have the authority to debate the constitutionality of the law, and pronounced Archie Brown guilty in 1963. Finding Aid to the Norman larc.ms.00271985/006; 1985/029 3 Leonard Papers In 1958 Leonard became a full partner in the law firm, with his fellow partners Gladstein, Andersen, and Sibbett. Leonard continued to argue cases for civil liberties and unions. In 1963 Leonard defended protestors from the Palace Hotel sit-in, specifically Tracy Sims. The sit-in focused on the lack of jobs for black workers and other minorities in San Francisco.
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