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Homework Before Homestay - the Importance of Host-Training for Sustainable Tourism Development

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Homework Before Homestay - the Importance of Host-Training for Sustainable Tourism Development Bachelor Thesis Homework before homestay - The importance of host-training for sustainable tourism development Author: Rebecca Karlsson Supervisor: Per Pettersson Löfquist Examiner: Hans Wessblad Date: 2017-01-09 Subject: Tourism studies Level: Bachelor Course code: 2TR42E Summary Bachelor Thesis, School of business administration, Linnaeus University, Tourism studies, Course code 2TR42E, 2017-01-09. Author: Rebecca Karlsson Supervisor: Per Pettersson Löfquist Title: Homestay – A tool for sustainable tourism development? A fieldstudy of Bohol, Philippines Background When tourism is growing fast it is important to develop it in a sustainable way which benefits the communities involved as much as possible. Homestay tourism can benefit local communities such as mass tourism has been widely criticized for failing to do. Homestay has shown to be successful as a tool for building sustainable tourism and contributing to locals involved in other countries. The concept has given hosts an opportunity to gain from their local resources. This gives the resources importance thereby locals preserve them. Although, there is a lack of studies on how the homestay concept can contribute to sustainable tourism development and how the concept is implemented in the Philippines. Purpose The aim with the research is to explore impacts of the homestay concept in sustainable tourism development through following perspectives: assess the social and economic impacts of having a homestay, identify motivational factors behind local peoples' decisions to put up a homestay, explore further ways of developing homestays in a developing country with focus on the central part of The Philippines. Method The research is based on data collected during a 8 week fieldstudy in Bohol, Philippines, in 2016. It is a study with a subjective approach where different perception is collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with homestay operators, homestay organizations and tourism officers but as well as participant observations. Resultat, conclusions In the research, several challanges for implementing the homestay concept in a sustainable way have been identified and given suggestions on. The biggest challenge identified is that hosts do not have the skills and knowledge for the purpose of the homestay concept. The study argue that this challenge could be overcome by host- training to a large extent. This host-training should preferably be facilitated by the government, which in the Philippines has internal challenges such as reversed hierarchy and low commitment to overcome before being able to facilitate the homestays for a more sustainable tourism development. Key Words Homestay, sustainable tourism development, less developed countries, host, host- training i Thanks I would like to thank various people for making this thesis possible. First, I would not have been aware of the homestay concept and would never been experienced the greatness of the concept if it would not have been for my supervisor Per Pettersson Löfquist who given me guidance in the subject of hospitality and issues in less developed countries. SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency) is also of great importance for making the fieldstudy possible.Getting the chance to do this fieldstudy have enrichen the thesis itself and also my studies. I would like to display big gratitude to SIDA for opportunity given to me and for preparing me for the fieldstudy through a preparatory course with skilled lecturers. I would also like to thank all the people who have shared their knowledge and experience during the fieldstudy. Ruby Jane Alcantara, Anna Cleal, Shobel L. Ligalig, Niel Gerard P. Rayes, Gina Peluchi Kapirig, Jaypee Orcullo, Marcus Leslie Suntay and Camille R. Escudero for sharing their knowledge and given me inputs from a perspective that I would not have been able to obtain otherwise. Staffan Gullander, who has shown great interest in the research, has given me motivations, tips and recommendations which I am very greatful for. Last but not least, I would like to show greatfulness to all the Filipinos who has opened up their homes for me. I hope to see you all soon and wish you the very best with your homestay businesses. I wish you an enriching reading and I hope that you will consider to experience the culture through a homestay next time going abroad! Rebecca Karlsson Kalmar, 2017-01-09 ii Innehåll 1 Introduction _________________________________________________________ 1 1.1 Homestay as a sustainable tourism development tool _____________________ 2 1.2 Research problem _________________________________________________ 4 2 The homestay experience ______________________________________________ 5 2.1 Planning ________________________________________________________ 5 2.2 Getting there _____________________________________________________ 6 2.3 Arriving ________________________________________________________ 7 2.4 Dining __________________________________________________________ 9 2.5 Entertaining guests _______________________________________________ 12 2.6 Paying the host __________________________________________________ 15 2.7 The entrepreneurial host ___________________________________________ 17 3 Homestay governance ________________________________________________ 20 3.1 The homestay organizations studied__________________________________ 20 3.2 Host-training through accreditation __________________________________ 21 3.3 Reversed heirarchy _______________________________________________ 21 3.4 Eco-tourism: Luxury of simplicity ___________________________________ 23 3.5 Sustainable tourism development in Bohol ____________________________ 24 4 Empirical conclusion _________________________________________________ 25 4.1 Challenge 1: Unsufficient income for hosts ____________________________ 25 4.2 Challenge 2: Uncertainty in hosting __________________________________ 26 4.3 Challenge 3: Ineffective governance _________________________________ 27 5 Theoretical analysis __________________________________________________ 29 5.1 Uncertainty in hosting: Negative economic ____________________________ 29 5.2 Uncertainty in hosting: Negative social impact _________________________ 30 5.3 Host-training ____________________________________________________ 33 5.4 Government role in developing sustainable homestay ____________________ 36 6 Conclusion _________________________________________________________ 40 References ___________________________________________________________ 41 Published resources _________________________________________________ 41 Verbal sources _____________________________________________________ 44 Unpublished resources _______________________________________________ 45 Appendices ___________________________________________________________ I Appendix A Methodology statements _____________________________________ I iii 1 Introduction Can tourism contribute to social development and sufficient income? What impact does tourism have on the cultural, social and economic lives in the countries visited? These questions arise in connection with the fact that the tourism industry is the biggest industry worldwide (Faure et al., 2014). The Philippines is an archipelago composed of over 7000 islands. The country is known for having a rich biodiversity with beaches, rainforests, diving spots together with a rich historical and cultural heritage. It is estimated that these are the main tourist attractions for the country. The Philippines is number six for tourism in ASEAN (Saddique, 2015). Despite this, the tourism sector has not maximized its potential due to infrastructure constraints (Calderon, 2013). Still tourism is an important sector for the Philippine economy. This industry contributed 10.6% to the country’s GDP in 2015 (Villegas, 2016). The tourism sector alone sustains today around 5 million jobs and numbers show that the industry is a fast-growing sector (Saddique, 2016). When tourism is growing fast, it is important to make its development sustainable and as beneficial as possible for the communities involved. According to Faure et al. (2014), sustainable tourism refers to mutual benefits and to so-called win-win situations for both tourist from the more developed countries and for the receiving countries that are less developed. One type of accommodation that has appeared to address sustainable tourism development is the homestay concept (Stabler & Goodall, 1996). Homestays allows tourists staying in locals´ house instead of living in hotel like traditional tourism (Sood et al., 2016). This concept is believed to promote tourism at the local level by protecting local culture, tradition, environment and empowering the locals by creating income and employment opportunities (Kumar Chhetri, 2015). This concept is therefore known as a tool for sustainable development in the tourism industry (Stabler & Goodall, 1996). In other countries the homestay concept is shown to be successful and to contribute with preliminary positive impacts on local economies, environments, rural villages and women development (Sood et al., 2016). It has also shown to help to conserve the villages’ culture, daily lives and identites (Lama, 2013). 1 This thesis is based on collected data on location to examine if homestays have potential to be as successful in the Philippines as in other countries. The study examines if the homestay concept is sustainably implemented in the Philippines through looking at the social and economic impacts on the host families and analyze them
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