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Plantas Medicinales De San Francisco Tlaltenco Tláhuac, Ciudad De México

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Plantas Medicinales De San Francisco Tlaltenco Tláhuac, Ciudad De México Plantas Medicinales de San Francisco Tlaltenco Tláhuac, Ciudad de México Liliana Ortiz Palacios Virginia Cervantes Gutiérrez Aurora Chimal Hernández Plantas Medicinales de San Francisco Tlaltenco Tláhuac, Ciudad de México Plantas Medicinales de San Francisco Tlaltenco Tláhuac, Ciudad de México Liliana Ortiz Palacios Virginia Cervantes Gutiérrez Aurora Chimal Hernández Rector General Dr. Eduardo Abel Peñalosa Castro Secretario General Dr. José Antonio de los Reyes Heredia UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA-XOCHIMILCO Rectora Dra. Patricia E. Alfaro Moctezuma Secretario Lic. G. Joaquín Jiménez Mercado DIVISIÓN DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y DE LA SALUD Director Mtro. Rafael Díaz García Secretaria Académica Dra. Leonor Sánchez Pérez Responsable del Programa Editorial Lic. Zyanya Patricia Ruiz Chapoy “Plantas medicinales de San Francisco Tlaltenco, Tláhuac, Ciudad de México” Primera edición: 2017 ISBN: 978-607-28-1278-9 D.R. © UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Unidad Xochimilco Calzada Del Hueso 1100 Col. Villa Quietud, Del. Coyoacán C.P. 04960, Ciudad de México, Tel.: 5483 7000 ext. 3783 D.R. © Autores: Liliana Ortiz Palacios, Virginia Cervantes Gutiérrez y Aurora Chimal Hernández Fotografías: Liliana Ortiz Palacios Diseño y formación: Sajid Miramontes Torres Diseño de portada: Sajid Miramontes Torres Impreso y hecho en México La impresión de este libro fue financiado por el Programa de Medicina Tradicional y Herbolaria de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Rural y Equidad para las Comunidades (SEDEREC) de la Ciudad de México. Este programa es de carácter público, no es patrocinado ni promovido por partido político alguno y sus recursos provienen de los impuestos que pagan todos los contribuyentes. Está prohibido el uso de este programa con fines políticos, electorales, de lucro y otros distintos a los establecidos. Quien haga uso indebido de los recursos de este programa en la Ciudad de México, será sancionado de acuerdo con la ley aplicable y ante la autoridad competente. Directorio de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Rural y Equidad para las Comunidades: Licda. Rosa Icela Rodríguez Velázquez Secretaria de Desarrollo Rural y Equidad para las Comunidades Licda. Evangelina Hernández Duarte Directora General de Equidad para Pueblos y Comunidades Biol. Fortunato Pérez Hernández Líder Coordinador del Programa de Medicina Tradicional y Herbolaria Plantas Medicinales de San Francisco Tlaltenco Contenido Introducción ..............................................................................................9 Área de estudio ........................................................................................10 Métodos.....................................................................................................12 Resultados..................................................................................................15 Discusión ..................................................................................................22 Conclusiones y recomendaciones..........................................................24 Plantas medicinales silvestres utilizadas en San Francisco Tlaltenco...........................................................................25 Plantas silvestres con potencial de uso medicinal...............................91 Referencias..............................................................................................101 Anexos.....................................................................................................105 1. Lista de las plantas medicinales de San Francisco Tlaltenco, Tláhuac, Ciudad de México..................................................................107 2. Glosario de terminos botánicos......................................................112 3. Índice alfabético de nombres comunes de las plantas medicinales silvestres utilizadas en San Francisco Tlaltenco...........128 Agradecimientos: Agradecemos a Eusebia María Ángela de la Peña, María Graciela Chávez Noguerón, Francisca Santiago Corona, Constantino Castañeda, María Isabel Chávez Arce, Alicia Noguerón Castañeda, Camilo Concepción Castañeda Peña, Alicia Peralta, Juan Hernández Rioja, Patricia Castañeda Chávez, Jovani Hernández Castañeda, y Maricela Chávez Castañeda, por compartir sus conocimientos de las plantas medicinales durante las pláticas y los recorridos en el volcán Guadalupe, sin su colaboración no hubiera sido posible esta publicación. De igual manera al M. en SIG Iván Ernesto Roldán Aragón por su asesoría en la realización de los mapas. "Anmopan ninanmechtlazohcamati mochiuhqueh ahquihuan manenemi inin ohtli. Namancatecuhtin nemiliztli, noyuhqui tlamatiliztli ihuan tlazohtliliztli. Tlazohcamati ipampa tocahuiuh ihuan totlalnan, noxayac ihuan noyolouh cenca pahpaqui" Presentación El conocimiento de las plantas medicinales y de la medicina tradicional se funda- menta en la tradición oral, por esta razón es de suma importancia recurrir a las fuentes que portan estos conocimientos tradicionales, es decir, acudir a la población que habita en los pueblos originarios de la Ciudad de México donde éstos se preservan, y que además, se enriquecen con la llegada de indígenas provenientes de otros estados de la república, que portan con ellos cultura y conocimientos en medicina tradicional y herbolaria. La recopilación de los conocimientos tradicionales sobre el uso de las plantas medicinales resulta indispensable para su preservación y comprensión. Obras como esta contribuyen a su difusión, dado que éstos no cuentan con el reconoci- miento de la medicina legal, como sucede en otros países, razón por la cual es poco visible. En la presente obra podemos apreciar el trabajo arduo de las autoras preocupadas por la preservación de este conocimiento, para lo cual utilizan diferentes metodologías que establece la propia ciencia; sin embargo, sistemati- zarlo sin la utilización de tantos tecnicismos indispensables para la ciencia, resulta en ocasiones más complejo que la propia descripción científica. La mezcla de ambos conocimientos, el tradicional y el científico, hace que esta obra tenga un aporte único que puede ser entendido por cualquiera que se interese en la medicina tradicional y la herbolaria. La conservación de la medicina tradicional y la herbolaria depende de que seamos capaces de transmitir e interesar a las nuevas generaciones en este conocimiento, ello a partir de fomentar su uso con responsabilidad y contribuyendo a mantenerlo; por ello ahora es nuestra responsabilidad comunicarlo para beneficio de la humanidad. Biólogo Fortunato Pérez Hernández. Líder Coordinador de Proyectos de Medicina Tradicional y Herbolaria. Secretaría de Desarrollo Rural y Equidad para las Comunidades (SEDEREC). Plantas Medicinales de San Francisco Tlaltenco Introducción En la medicina tradicional las plantas medicinales representan un recurso valioso para el hombre desde la época prehispánica. Prueba de ello es que actualmente se ha presentado un resurgimiento en el uso de productos naturales, como es el caso que se ha tenido en el uso de la herbolaria para la atención de enfermedades de forma más natural, y con ello evitar los efectos adversos provocados por los fármacos sintéticos Prieto-González et al., 2004). De hecho para la medicina moderna este tipo de plantas son fuente directa de agentes terapéuticos, pues se emplean como materia prima para la fabricación de medicamentos; además, la estructura química de sus principios activos puede servir de modelo para la elaboración de drogas sintéticas (Bermúdez et al., 2005). El uso de las plantas medicinales se asocia principalmente a las comunidades indígenas que radican en zonas rurales, sin embargo, en lugares urbanizados dentro de nuestra vida cotidiana seguimos recurriendo a estas plantas para el alivio de algún dolor o malestar (Caballero y Cortés, 2001), lo que puede ser resultado de la gran diversidad biológica y cultural con la que cuenta nuestro país (Llorente y Ocegueda, 2008). Debido a lo anterior la Secretaría de Desarrollo Rural y Equidad para las Comunidades mediante el Programa de Medicina Tradicional y Herbolaria de la Ciudad de México, tiene como objetivo conservar y difundir el uso de la medicina tradicional y la herbolaria princi- palmente en las delegaciones rurales y comunidades indígenas de la Ciudad (SEDEREC, 2017). Es por esto que la presente investigación tiene como finalidad difundir la flora medicinal utilizada en San Francisco Tlaltenco, uno de los siete pueblos originarios que integran la delegación Tláhuac y que se encuentra cerca del volcán Guadalupe, el cual forma parte del Área Natural Protegida Sierra de Santa Catarina en la Ciudad de México (GDF, 2005). 9 Área de estudio San Francisco Tlaltenco es uno de los siete pueblos originarios de la delegación Tláhuac, su nombre de origen náhuatl se deriva del vocablo “Tlalli” que significa tierra y “Tentli” orilla, lo cual se traduce “En la orilla de la tierra” o “En la orilla de los cerros”. Se localiza en la parte norte de la delegación y en la parte sur de la Sierra de Santa Catarina; es una de las localidades más grandes de Tláhuac pues cuenta con un Centro Histórico y 12 colonias (Figura 1; Tláhuac, 2017). El poblado se encuentra muy cerca del volcán Guadalupe, el cual forma parte del Área Natural Protegida con carácter de Zona de Conservación Ecológica “Sierra de Santa Catarina”. Esta zona está considerada como un área de gran interés por sus características ecológicas, geomorfológicas y ambientales, así como también por constituir una zona importante para la recarga de mantos acuíferos (Cortés, 2010). Comprende
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