Morphological Variation in the Flowers of Jacaratia
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Karyotype and Genome Size Determination of Jarilla Chocola, an Additional Sister Clade of Carica Papaya
POJ 14(01):50-56 (2021) ISSN:1836-3644 doi: 10.21475/POJ.14.01.21.p2944 Karyotype and genome size determination of Jarilla chocola, an additional sister clade of Carica papaya Dessireé Patricia Zerpa-Catanho1, Tahira Jatt2, Ray Ming1* 1Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA 2Department of Botany, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khaipur, Sindh, 66020, Pakistan *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Jarilla chocola is an herbaceous plant species that belongs to the Jarilla genus and the Caricaceae family. No information on chromosome number or genome size has been reported for J. chocola that confirms the occurrence of dysploidy events and explore the existence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Therefore, the total number of chromosomes of this species was determined by karyotyping and counting the number of chromosomes observed, and the genome size of female and male plants was estimated separately by flow cytometry. Results showed that J. chocola has eight pairs of chromosomes (2n = 2x = 16), and its chromosomes are classified as metacentric for five pairs, submetacentric for two pairs and telocentric for one pair. The nuclear DNA content (1C- value) in picograms and diploid genome size was estimated separately from female and male plants using two species as the standards, Phaseolus vulgaris (1C = 0.60 pg) and Carica papaya (1C = 0.325 pg), to look for the possible existence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. C. papaya proved to be a better standard for the determination of J. chocola DNA content and diploid genome size. No significant difference on the DNA content was observed between female (1C = 1.02 ± 0.003 pg) and male (1C = 1.02 ± 0.008 pg) plants. -
The Use of Vasconcellea Wild Species in the Papaya Breeding (Carica Papaya L.- Caricaceae): a Cytological Evaluation
The use of Vasconcellea wild species in the papaya breeding (Carica papaya L.- Caricaceae): a cytological evaluation Telma N. S. Pereira, Monique F. Neto, Lyzia L. Freitas, Messias G. Pereira Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ -Brazil Introduction Papaya is a fruit species grown in tropical and subtropical regions. The cultivars of this species are all susceptible to ring spot mosaic virus; however, there is in the Caricaceae family wild species that exhibit resistance genes to the virus as Vasconcellea cauliflora, V. cundinamarcensis, V. quercifolia, and V. stipulata. But, interspecific/intergeneric hybrids are not obtained between the wild species and the cultivated one, thus preventing the introgression of important genes in the cultivated form. The objectives of this study were to generate cytogenetic knowledge by karyotype determination and species meiotic behavior.The study was conducted on C.papaya, V.quercifolia,V.cundinamarcensis, V.cauliflora,V.goudotiana, and V.monoica by routine laboratory methodology. Methodology Seeds Germination Pdb=8h Fixation Observation Coloration Enzimatic Figure 1- Caricaceae species. A) Carica papaya; B)Vasconcellea monoica; Figure 2- Papaya products. Figure 3- Mitotic protocol. Figure 4- Meiosis protocol. C)Vasconcellea quercifolia;D)Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis; E) Vasconcellea goudotiana; F)Vasconcellea cauliflora. Results Table 1 - Karyotype formulas, mean sets lenghts and similarities indices of Caricaceae species. Table 2 - Characteristics evaluated during meiosis and post-meiosis in C. papaya, V. Goutodiana,V. monoica and V. Quercifolia. Karyotype Rec Syi Species Meiosis Recombination Meiotic Pollen Species formula THC TF (%) index index abnormalites index index viability C. papaya 9M 17.18 45.51 82.66 82.69 C.papay a 4.76% 26.0% 94.8% 96.0% V. -
Safety Assessment of Carica Papaya (Papaya)-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
Safety Assessment of Carica papaya (Papaya)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Draft Report for Panel Review Release Date: February 21, 2020 Panel Meeting Date: March 16-17, 2020 The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Lisa A. Peterson, Ph.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This safety assessment was prepared by Alice Akinsulie, former Scientific Analyst/Writer and Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L St NW, Suite 1200 ◊ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ◊ ph 202.331.0651 ◊fax 202.331.0088 ◊ [email protected] Distributed for Comment Only - Do Not Cite or Quote Commitment & Credibility since 1976 Memorandum To: CIR Expert Panel Members and Liaisons From: Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer Date: February 21, 2020 Subject: Draft Report on Papaya-derived ingredients Enclosed is the Draft Report on 5 papaya-derived ingredients. The attached report (papaya032020rep) includes the following unpublished data that were received from the Council: 1) Use concentration data (papaya032020data1) 2) Manufacturing and impurities data on a Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract (papaya032020data2) 3) Physical and chemical properties of a Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract (papaya032020data3) Also included in this package for your review are the CIR report history (papaya032020hist), flow chart (papaya032020flow), literature search strategy (papaya032020strat), ingredient data profile (papaya032020prof), and updated 2020 FDA VCRP data (papaya032020fda). -
Comparative Seed Manual: CARICACEAE Christine Pang, Darla Chenin, and Amber M
Comparative Seed Manual: CARICACEAE Christine Pang, Darla Chenin, and Amber M. VanDerwarker (Completed, May 10, 2019) This seed manual consists of photos and relevant information on plant species housed in the Integrative Subsistence Laboratory at the Anthropology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara. The impetus for the creation of this manual was to enable UCSB graduate students to have access to comparative materials when making in-field identifications. Most of the plant species included in the manual come from New World locales with an emphasis on Eastern North America, California, Mexico, Central America, and the South American Andes. Published references consulted1: 1998. Moerman, Daniel E. Native American ethnobotany. Vol. 879. Portland, OR: Timber press. 2009. Moerman, Daniel E. Native American medicinal plants: an ethnobotanical dictionary. OR: Timber Press. 2010. Moerman, Daniel E. Native American food plants: an ethnobotanical dictionary. OR: Timber Press. Species included herein: Carica papaya 1 Disclaimer: Information on relevant edible and medicinal uses comes from a variety of sources, both published and internet-based; this manual does NOT recommend using any plants as food or medicine without first consulting a medical professional. Carica papaya Family: Caricaceae Common Names: Papaya, Papaw, Pawpaw Habitat and Growth Habit: Papaya is often distributed in tropical regions of Central and South America as well as Africa. The plant is often growing in well drained sandy soil. Human Uses: Papaya is used as food, in folk medicine, for meat tenderization, and the bark can be used to make ropes. In folk medicine, the juice has been used as a relief for warts, cancer, tumors, and skin issues. -
Pharmacognostic Investigations on the Seeds of Carica Papaya L
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019; 8(5): 2185-2193 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2019; 8(5): 2185-2193 Pharmacognostic investigations on the seeds of Received: 24-07-2019 Accepted: 28-08-2019 Carica papaya L. Savan Donga Phytochemical, Pharmacological Savan Donga, Jyoti Pande and Sumitra Chanda and Microbiological laboratory, Department of Biosciences Abstract (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra Carica papaya L. belongs to the family Caricaceae and is commonly known as papaya. All parts of the University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India plant are traditionally used for curing various diseases and disorders. It is a tropical fruit well known for its flavor and nutritional properties. Unripe and ripe fruit of papaya is edible but the seeds are thrown Jyoti Pande away. Instead, they can be therapeutically used. Natural drugs are prone to adulteration and substitution; Phytochemical, Pharmacological to prevent it, it is always essential to lay down quality control and standardization parameters. Hence, the and Microbiological laboratory, objectives of the present work were pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical studies of Department of Biosciences Carica papaya L. un-ripe and ripe seeds. Macroscopic, microscopic and powder features, phytochemical, (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra physicochemical properties and fluorescence characteristics were determined using standard methods. University, Rajkot, Gujarat, The seeds were of clavate shape, hilum was of wavy type, margin was smooth, unripe seed was creamiest India white in colour while ripe seed was dark black in colour. The microscopic study showed seed was divided into four parts epicarp, mesocarp, testa and endocarp. The epicarp was single layered with thin Sumitra Chanda smooth cuticle layer, polygonal parenchymatous cells. -
Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project
Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al. -
Marker-Assisted Breeding for Papaya Ringspot Virus Resistance in Carica Papaya L
Marker-Assisted Breeding for Papaya Ringspot Virus Resistance in Carica papaya L. Author O'Brien, Christopher Published 2010 Thesis Type Thesis (Masters) School Griffith School of Environment DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/3639 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365618 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Marker-Assisted Breeding for Papaya Ringspot Virus Resistance in Carica papaya L. Christopher O'Brien BAppliedSc (Environmental and Production Horticulture) University of Queensland Griffith School of Environment Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology Griffith University Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Philosophy September 4, 2009 2 Table of Contents Page No. Abstract ……………………………………………………… 11 Statement of Originality ………………………………………........ 13 Acknowledgements …………………………………………. 15 Chapter 1 Literature review ………………………………....... 17 1.1 Overview of Carica papaya L. (papaya)………………… 19 1.1.1 Taxonomy ………………………………………………… . 19 1.1.2 Origin ………………………………………………….. 19 1.1.3 Botany …………………………………………………… 20 1.1.4 Importance …………………………………………………... 25 1.2 Overview of Vasconcellea species ……………………… 28 1.2.1 Taxonomy …………………………………………………… 28 1.2.2 Origin ……………………………………………………… 28 1.2.3 Botany ……………………………………………………… 31 1.2.4 Importance …………………………………………………… 31 1.2.5 Brief synopsis of Vasconcellea species …………………….. 33 1.3 Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-P)…………………………. 42 1.3.1 Overview ………………………………………………………. 42 1.3.2 Distribution …………………………………………………… 43 1.3.3 Symptoms and effects ……………………………………….. .. 44 1.3.4 Transmission …………………………………………………. 45 1.3.5 Control ………………………………………………………. .. 46 1.4 Breeding ………………………………………………………. 47 1.4.1 Disease resistance …………………………………………….. 47 1.4.2 Biotechnology………………………………………………….. 50 1.4.3 Intergeneric hybridisation…………………………………….. 51 1.4.4 Genetic transformation………………………………………… 54 1.4.5 DNA analysis ………………………………………………..... -
Propagation Methods in Babaco Plants (Vasconcella X Helbornii)
ISSN (Online): 2349 -1183; ISSN (Print): 2349 -9265 TROPICAL PLANT RESEARCH 6(1): 37–45, 2019 The Journal of the Society for Tropical Plant Research DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i1.007 Review article Propagation methods in Babaco plants (Vasconcella x helbornii) M. G. Jadán* and C. Dorca-Fornell Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí- Ecuador, P.O.Box:171-5-231B *Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Accepted: 25 February 2019] Abstract: Babaco, (Vasconcellea x helbornii syn Carica pentagona), is an endemic fruit to South of Ecuador and North of Peru, which is becoming very popular on the continuously expanding subtropical fruit market for a few years now. From the nutritional point of view, this fruit is very rich in fiber, it also has a good amount of vitamins, minerals and papain, an enzyme with great digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, due to the diseases that attack babaco plants and the sterile character of their fruits, exports have been significantly reduced being considered as an unprofitable agricultural production. New techniques in plant biotechnology as in vitro culture could make possible a massive production of free-pathogens babaco plants. In particular, somatic embryogenesis is a rapid way of obtaining genetically identical individuals which is also used in in vitro conservation of germplasm and plant genetic improvement. The present document aims to summarize the techniques of obtaining new plants of babaco and evidences the achievements obtained in somatic embryogenesis in the Caricaceae family up today. Keywords: Babaco - Vasconcellea x heilbornii - Cárica pentágona - Caricaceae - in vitro culture - Somatic embryogenesis. -
Jacaratia Mexicana Seedlings Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Tropical Dry Forest
Madera y Bosques vol. 21, núm. 3: 161-167 Otoño 2015 Survival and growth of Jacaratia mexicana seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a tropical dry forest Supervivencia y crecimiento de plántulas de Jacaratia mexicana inoculadas con hongos micorrícico arbusculares dentro de un bosque tropical seco Ramón Zulueta-Rodríguez1, Luis G. Hernandez-Montiel2*, Bernardo Murillo-Amador2, Miguel V. Córdoba-Matson2 y Liliana Lara1 and Isabel Alemán Chávez1 1 Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas. Universidad Veracru- 2 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste. * Corresponding author: [email protected] zana. Xalapa, Veracruz, México. La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. ABSTRACT Jacaratia mexicana is not only an endemic and typical tropical dry forest tree of Mexico, it is considered as a direct ancestor of the pa- payo (Carica papaya). Locally it is mainly used in traditional medicine, for human food or for feeding backyard animals (forage plant), but its use value is very restricted or even unknown. Nevertheless, various abiotic and anthropogenic pressures in its Mexican habitat are causing populations of this tree to decline alarmingly. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are microorganisms that have an important role for the regeneration of tree species by increasing their ability to absorb water and nutrients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AMF on growth and survival of seedlings of J. mexicana transplanted within a fragmented area of the remaining dry forest located in the central portion of the state of Veracruz. We measured height, stem diameter, number of leaves, percent seedling survival and mycorrhizal colonization. Results showed increases in all growth-related variables when seedlings were inoculated with AMF. -
Unearthing Belowground Bud Banks in Fire-Prone Ecosystems
Unearthing belowground bud banks in fire-prone ecosystems 1 2 3 Author for correspondence: Juli G. Pausas , Byron B. Lamont , Susana Paula , Beatriz Appezzato-da- Juli G. Pausas 4 5 Glo'ria and Alessandra Fidelis Tel: +34 963 424124 1CIDE-CSIC, C. Naquera Km 4.5, Montcada, Valencia 46113, Spain; 2Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin Email [email protected] University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; 3ICAEV, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; 4Depto Ci^encias Biologicas,' Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av P'adua Dias 11., CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; 5Instituto de Bioci^encias, Vegetation Ecology Lab, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil Summary To be published in New Phytologist (2018) Despite long-time awareness of the importance of the location of buds in plant biology, research doi: 10.1111/nph.14982 on belowground bud banks has been scant. Terms such as lignotuber, xylopodium and sobole, all referring to belowground bud-bearing structures, are used inconsistently in the literature. Key words: bud bank, fire-prone ecosystems, Because soil efficiently insulates meristems from the heat of fire, concealing buds below ground lignotuber, resprouting, rhizome, xylopodium. provides fitness benefits in fire-prone ecosystems. Thus, in these ecosystems, there is a remarkable diversity of bud-bearing structures. There are at least six locations where belowground buds are stored: roots, root crown, rhizomes, woody burls, fleshy -
Potential Geographical Distribution of Papaya Wild Cultivated in Mexico Abstract
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas volume 9 number 7 September 28 - November 11, 2018 Article Potential geographical distribution of papaya wild cultivated in Mexico Edgar Espinosa Trujillo1 Alfredo Josué Gámez Vázquez2 Miguel Angel Avila Perches2 Francisco Palemón Alberto3 Jesus Hernández Ruiz1§ 1University of Guanajuato-Division of Life Sciences. Highway Irapuato-Silao km 9, Exhacienda El Copal, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. CP 36500. ([email protected]). 2Bajío Experimental Field-INIFAP. Road Celaya-San Miguel de Allende km 6.5, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. CP 38110. Tel. 01(800) 0882222, ext. 85220 and 85228. ([email protected]; [email protected]). 3Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Periferico Poniente s/n, Iguala de la Independencia, Guerrero. CP. 40000. ([email protected]). §Corresponding author: [email protected]. Abstract The wild populations of papaya (Carica papaya L.) integrate a biological resource for the genetic improvement of the species. The prediction of the geographical distribution of wild and cultivated populations is a useful tool to determine collection sites for their use and conservation. With the objective of estimating the potential distribution of papaya in Mexico, a database with geo- reference information of wild and cultivated papaya individuals was elaborated, then the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt) was applied with 22 bioclimatic variables as predictors. The total area of potential distribution of the wild specimens was 114 546.5 km2, the high potential areas were located in the Gulf of Mexico (south of Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche) and on the coast of Chiapas. The cultivated papaya presented a high potential distribution in three zones: south of Veracruz, coast of Chiapas and north of Guerrero, forming 185 396.9 km2. -
Sex Expression and the Selection and Évolution of Combined Sexes in the Dioecious Annual Herb Mercurialis Annua
Unicentre CH-1015 Lausanne http://serval.unil.ch RRRRYear : 2017 Sex expression and the selection and évolution of combined sexes in the dioecious annual herb Mercurialis annua Cossard Guillaume Cossard Guillaume, 2017, Sex expression and the selection and évolution of combined sexes in the dioecious annual herb Mercurialis annua Originally published at : Thesis, University of Lausanne Posted at the University of Lausanne Open Archive http://serval.unil.ch Document URN : urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_7B6611EE0BD10 Droits d’auteur L'Université de Lausanne attire expressément l'attention des utilisateurs sur le fait que tous les documents publiés dans l'Archive SERVAL sont protégés par le droit d'auteur, conformément à la loi fédérale sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins (LDA). A ce titre, il est indispensable d'obtenir le consentement préalable de l'auteur et/ou de l’éditeur avant toute utilisation d'une oeuvre ou d'une partie d'une oeuvre ne relevant pas d'une utilisation à des fins personnelles au sens de la LDA (art. 19, al. 1 lettre a). A défaut, tout contrevenant s'expose aux sanctions prévues par cette loi. Nous déclinons toute responsabilité en la matière. Copyright The University of Lausanne expressly draws the attention of users to the fact that all documents published in the SERVAL Archive are protected by copyright in accordance with federal law on copyright and similar rights (LDA). Accordingly it is indispensable to obtain prior consent from the author and/or publisher before any use of a work or part of a work for purposes other than personal use within the meaning of LDA (art.